Trade in goods: the GATT and the other agreements regulating trade in goods
This is an analysis of the establishment and operation of international trade agreements, focusing on the 'General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade'. The book examines the economic rationale behind the framework of international trade, and analyses the role of trade agreements in securing th...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford Univ. Press
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. in paperback |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | This is an analysis of the establishment and operation of international trade agreements, focusing on the 'General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade'. The book examines the economic rationale behind the framework of international trade, and analyses the role of trade agreements in securing the benefits of a global economy. |
| Beschreibung: | Originally published: 2007 Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXXIII, 506 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780199552139 9780199239030 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Mavroidis, Petros C. |d 1959- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)128796472 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Trade in goods |b the GATT and the other agreements regulating trade in goods |c Petros C. Mavroidis |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. in paperback | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XXXIII, 506 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Originally published: 2007 | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 520 | |a This is an analysis of the establishment and operation of international trade agreements, focusing on the 'General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade'. The book examines the economic rationale behind the framework of international trade, and analyses the role of trade agreements in securing the benefits of a global economy. | ||
| 610 | 1 | 4 | |a General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) |
| 610 | 2 | 4 | |a General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) |
| 630 | 0 | 7 | |a GATT 1994 |f 1994 April 15 |0 (DE-588)4424856-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 4 | |a Foreign trade regulation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Foreign trade regulation | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137646188920832 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1.
From
GATT
1947
to
GATT
1994 1
1
The Genesis of the
GATT
2
2
Why the
GATT?
6
2.1
Why ask the question?
6
2.2
The negotiators say
... 7
2.3
Economic theory suggests
12
2.4
And some unexplored avenues
18
2.5
To conclude
(?) 20
3
The
GATT in
the
GATT
era: An Agreement, and an Institution
as Well
20
4
The
GATT
Rounds of Trade Liberalization
23
5
Expanding the
GATT:
The Emergence of the Codes
24
6
The
GATT
in the WTO era: Just an Agreement, Albeit a Pivotal One
25
7
The Modern
GATT
discipline in a Nutshell
30
7.1
The
GATT
in its WTO context
30
7.2
The legal relation of the
GATT
with the WTO Agreement
31
7.3
The substantive content of modern
GATT
34
2.
Disciplines on Trade Instruments
39
1
Introduction
42
2
The Treatment of QRs
42
2.1
The legal text
42
2.2
What is a QR?
43
2.2.1
The attribution of practices to governments
45
2.2.2
The measures covered
50
2.2.3
The standard of review: no effects test and no intent test
55
2.2.4
The relationship between Art XI and other
GATT
provisions
58
2.2.4.1
Art III of the
GATT
58
2.2.4.2
Art VI of the
GATT
62
2.2.4.3
Art XX of the
GATT
63
2.2.4.4
Art
XXI
of the
GATT
63
2.2.4.5
Infant industry protection (Art XVIIIc)
63
2.2.4.6
Arts
XII
and
XVIII
of the
GATT
63
2.2.4.7
Art
XIII
of the
GATT
63
2.3
Trade in textiles
67
2.4
Discriminatory legal QRs
67
2.5
The non-segmentation nature of Art XI of the
GATT
68
r
Contents
3
Tariff Protection in the
GATT
68
3.1
The legal text
68
3.2
The basic discipline with respect to tariff protection
70
3.3
Why yes to duties and no to QRs?
71
3.4
The mechanics of binding the duties
72
3.4.1
The Harmonized System
(HS) 72
3.4.2
What is the tariff promise? Ordinary customs duties,
other duties and charges
74
3.4.3
The typology of ordinary customs duties
78
3.4.4
Multilateral trade negotiations (rounds)
79
3.4.5
The treatment of export tariffs (taxes) under
GATT
84
3.4.6
Certification of schedules
86
3.5
Interpreting tariff commitments
87
3.5.1
The legal relevance of
HS 87
3.5.2
Scheduling of concessions must be WTO consistent
88
3.5.3
The
(non)
impact of legitimate expectations
93
3.6
Changes in tariff protection after their consolidation
93
3.6.1
Switching between different types of duties
94
3.6.2
Withdrawing concessions from members leaving the WTO
95
3.6.3
Renegotiating the tariff protection
97
3.6.3.1
INR holders
99
3.6.3.2
PSI
countries
100
3.6.3.3
SI countries
102
3.6.3.4
MFN trade is the basis for defining PSIs and Sis
102
3.6.3.5
New products
103
3.6.3.6
The mechanics of the negotiation
103
3.6.4
Rectifications and modifications of schedules
112
3.7
Fees and charges for services rendered
114
3.8
Customs Valuation
(CV) 118
3.9
The Agreement on Pre-shipment Inspection
(PSIA)
119
3.10
The MFN
120
3.10.1
The MFN discipline in a nutshell
123
3.10.2
The measures coming under the purview of the MFN
124
3.10.2.1
Any advantage...
124
3.10.2.2 ..
.granted to products originating in
any country...
125
3.10.2.3 ..
.irrespective whether it discriminates
de
jure
or
de
facto...
126
3.10.3 ..
.must be extended to like products
126
3.10.4
The rules of origin
129
3.10.5
The MFN treatment must be extended immediately
and unconditionally
132
3.10.6
No rebalancing permitted
135
3.10.7
The standard of review: no effect and no intent test
136
3.11
Special and differential treatment for developing countries
137
3.11.1
The Enabling clause
137
Contents xv
3.11.2
Some historical
features
138
3.11.3
The Enabling clause in the WTO legal order
143
3.11.4
The test for compliance with the Enabling cUuse
144
3.11.5
Is the candle worth the flame? (criticism of the
Enabling clause)
145
3.12
Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs)
148
3.12.1
PTAs in the WTO: FTAs and
CUs
148
3.12.2
Globalization yes, preferences yes as well
148
3.12.3
What matters when discussing preferential trade?
150
3.12.4
PTAs in the
GATT
152
3.12.4.1
No per
se
inconsistency
152
3.12.4.2
The Art
XXIV
of the
GATT
test in a nutshell
153
3.12.4.3
Designed at home, approved
(?)
in Geneva
153
3.12.4.4
The multilateral track
156
3.12.4.5
The bilateral track
168
3.12.4.6
Why not litigate more?
171
3.12.5
What is the permissible extent from MFN
deviation when a PTA is formed?
177
4
Export Subsidies
179
4.1
Rigidity required?
179
4.2
From discouraging to outlawing export subsidies
181
4.3
Counteracting prohibited subsidies
184
3.
Domestic Instruments
190
1
National Treatment and its Rationale
193
2
The Coverage
195
2.1
Wide coverage
195
2.2
Subsidies
195
2.2.1
What is a (domestic) subsidy?
195
2.2.1.1
Financial contribution
196
2.2.1.2
Benefit to recipient
198
2.2.1.3
The specificity requirement
200
2.2.2
The classification of subsidies
200
2.2.3
Counteracting subsidies
201
2.2.4
Remedies
201
2.2.5
Farm subsidies
202
2.2.5.1
The regulation of farm trade in the
GATT
era
202
2.2.5.2
The WTO Agreement in a nutshell
206
2.2.5.3
AGoverSCM
208
2.3
Government procurement
210
2.3.1
What is government procurement?
210
2.3.2
The basic discipline: non-discrimination
211
і
Contents
2.3.3
The past and present of GPA membership
211
2.4
The coverage of Art III of the
GATT
—
revisited
212
3
National Treatment, and Negative Integration
215
4
National Treatment: The Legal Discipline
216
4.1
Fiscal measures
216
4.1.1
DCS products
217
4.1.1.1
Defining DCS
217
4.1.1.2
SATAP
221
4.1.2
Like products
234
4.1.2.1
Defining like products
234
4.1.2.2
Taxation in excess
236
4.2
Non-fiscal measures
237
4.2.1
A measure
... 237
4.2.2 ...
affecting sale, offering for sale,
... 238
4.2.3
...of like products
238
4.2.4
Less favourable treatment
242
4.3
A critique of the case-law concerning NT
247
4.4
General exceptions
254
4.4.1
Coverage
254
4.4.2
An exception to which provisions?
254
4.4.3
Regulatory diversity
259
4.4.4
A two-tier test for compliance with Art XX of the
GATT
260
4.4.5
Public morals (Art XX(a) of the
GATT)
261
4.4.5.1
Coverage
261
4.4.5.2
The necessity requirement
262
4.4.6
Human, animal and plant life (Art XX(b) of the
GATT)
262
4.4.6.1
Coverage
262
4.4.6.2
The necessity requirement
262
4.4.6.3
No science required
263
4.4.7
Domestic laws and regulations (Art XX(d) of the
GATT)
264
4.4.7.1
Coverage
264
4.4.7.2
The necessity requirement
264
4.4.8
Exhaustible natural resources (Art XX(g) of the
GATT)
266
4.4.8.1
Coverage
266
4.4.8.2
Jurisdictional limits
268
4.4.8.3
Measure must be relating to the objective pursued
269
4.4.8.4
Measures restricting domestic production or
consumption
270
4.4.9
The
chapeau
of Art XX of the
GATT
271
4.4.9.1
The scope of the
chapeau
271
4.4.9.2
Complying with the
chapeau
271
4.4.9.2.1
Arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination
271
4.4.9.2.2
Disguised restriction of trade
274
4.4.10
A critique of the case-law
276
4.4.10.1
The discontents of an exhaustive list
276
4.4.10.2
Extra-territoriality
277
Contents xvii
4.4.10.3
A two-tier test?
285
4.4.10.4
The standard of review
285
4.5
A specific exception: films
286
5
Dealing with NTBs
287
5.1
The TBT and SPS Agreements
287
5.2
The legal relationship between
GATT, TBT,
and SPS
288
5.3
TBT
288
5.3.1
Coverage
288
5.3.2
International standards
289
5.3.3
Unilateral technical regulations
295
5.3.4
Domestic standards
296
5.4
The WTO SPS Agreement
297
5.4.1
Coverage
297
5.4.2
The SPS Agreement in a nutshell
298
5.4.3
International standards
299
5.4.4
Unilateral measures based on scientific evidence
299
5.4.5
Measures adopted on the basis of precaution
309
6
State Trading Enterprises (STEs)
315
6.1
STEs: definitional issues
315
6.2
The legal obligation in a nutshell
316
4.
State Contingencies
320
1
Introduction
321
2
National Security (Art
XXI
of the
GATT)
322
2.1
The legal discipline
322
2.2
Practice in the
GATT
years
322
2.3
Practice in the WTO era
330
3
BoP
331
4
Exchange Restrictions
335
5
Antidumping (Art VI of the
GATT)
338
5.1
An unfair
(?)
price discrimination
338
5.2
Finding dumping
343
5.3
Establishing injury
349
5.4
Sunset reviews
352
5.5
Price differentiation in antitrust statutes
358
5.6
What does the
anti
in AD refer to?
361
5.6.1
Discriminatory pricing
361
5.6.2
Prédation
362
5.6.3
Strategic dumping
363
5.6.4
AD as a safeguard mechanism
364
6
Countervailing Duties (CVD)
365
7
Safeguards
365
7.1
The regulatory framework
365
7.2
The typology of safeguards
366
7.3
Safeguards imposed by PTAs
367
xviii Contents
7
Λ
Conditions
for lawful
application
of safeguards
368
7.4.1
Initiation of investigation
368
7 .4.2
Unforeseen developments
370
7.4.3
Increased imports
371
7.4.4
Injury
371
7.4.5
Are safeguards truly non-discriminatory?
375
7.4.6
The issue of compensation
376
7.4.7
The duration of safeguards
378
7.5
Safeguards and voluntary export restraints (VERs)
380
7.6
Safeguards: a safe harbour too far?
381
8
The Notion of Market Access Revisited
385
5.
Institutional Provisions
388
1
Introductory Remarks
389
2
Participation
390
2.1
Contracting Parties to the
GATT,
WTO members
390
2.2
Accession
391
2.3
Non-application
394
3
Decision Making
395
3.1
Consensus, the default rule
395
3.2
Special procedures
396
3.2.1
Interpretations
396
3.2.2
Amendment of the
GATT
397
4
Dispute Settlement
398
4.1
The early
GATT
years
398
4.2
The late
GATT
years
400
4.3
The WTO
DSU 402
4.4
The WTO: exclusive forum for adjudication of trade disputes
404
4.5
A closer look into procedures
406
4.5.1
Request for establishment of a panel
406
4.5.2
Burden of proof
407
4.5.3
Discovery powers
408
4.5.4
Standard of review
410
4.5.5
The process before the
AB 411
4.5.6
The types of complaints before panels and the
AB 411
4.5.6.1
Violation complaints
412
4.5.6.2
NVCs
412
4.5.6.3
Situation complaints
415
4.5.7
Recommendations and suggestions by panels and the
AB 416
4.6
Enforcing WTO obligations
417
4.6.1
The process in a nutshell
417
4.6.2
The types of complaint matter for enforcement purposes
418
4.6.3
Compliance within a reasonable period of time
418
4.6.4
Compliance panels
419
4.6.5
Compensation
420
4.6.6
Suspension of concessions
421
Contents xix
4.6.6.1
Procedural
issues
421
4.6.6.2
Quantifying
suspension of
concessions
422
4.7
Monitoring compliance
424
4.8
The value of precedent in the WTO
425
4.9
Does WTO enforcement work?
426
5
Waivers
435
6
Transparency
436
6.1
Introductory remarks
436
6.2
Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM)
437
6.3
Art X of the
GATT
440
6.3.1
The discipline in a nutshell
440
6.3.2
The coverage
441
6.3.3
The standard of review
442
6.3.4
Laws of general application
443
6.3.5
Uniform, reasonable, and impartial administration
443
6.3.5.1
Uniform administration
444
6.3.5.2
Reasonable administration
444
6.3.5.3
Impartial administration
445
6.3.6
The obligation to maintain independent tribunals
445
7
Relation to the Havana Charter
446
6.
The
GATT,
Then and Now
447
1
The
GATT
1947:
A Solid Text (with some compromises)
447
2
The Evolution of the
GATT:
No Keeping up with the Joneses
448
3
Rule of Reason
451
Appendices
455
References
478
Index
499
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
1.
From
GATT
1947
to
GATT
1994 1
1
The Genesis of the
GATT
2
2
Why the
GATT?
6
2.1
Why ask the question?
6
2.2
The negotiators say
. 7
2.3
Economic theory suggests
12
2.4
And some unexplored avenues
18
2.5
To conclude
(?) 20
3
The
GATT in
the
GATT
era: An Agreement, and an Institution
as Well
20
4
The
GATT
Rounds of Trade Liberalization
23
5
Expanding the
GATT:
The Emergence of the Codes
24
6
The
GATT
in the WTO era: Just an Agreement, Albeit a Pivotal One
25
7
The Modern
GATT
discipline in a Nutshell
30
7.1
The
GATT
in its WTO context
30
7.2
The legal relation of the
GATT
with the WTO Agreement
31
7.3
The substantive content of modern
GATT
34
2.
Disciplines on Trade Instruments
39
1
Introduction
42
2
The Treatment of QRs
42
2.1
The legal text
42
2.2
What is a QR?
43
2.2.1
The attribution of practices to governments
45
2.2.2
The measures covered
50
2.2.3
The standard of review: no effects test and no intent test
55
2.2.4
The relationship between Art XI and other
GATT
provisions
58
2.2.4.1
Art III of the
GATT
58
2.2.4.2
Art VI of the
GATT
62
2.2.4.3
Art XX of the
GATT
63
2.2.4.4
Art
XXI
of the
GATT
63
2.2.4.5
Infant industry protection (Art XVIIIc)
63
2.2.4.6
Arts
XII
and
XVIII
of the
GATT
63
2.2.4.7
Art
XIII
of the
GATT
63
2.3
Trade in textiles
67
2.4
Discriminatory legal QRs
67
2.5
The non-segmentation nature of Art XI of the
GATT
68
r
Contents
3
Tariff Protection in the
GATT
68
3.1
The legal text
68
3.2
The basic discipline with respect to tariff protection
70
3.3
Why yes to duties and no to QRs?
71
3.4
The mechanics of binding the duties
72
3.4.1
The Harmonized System
(HS) 72
3.4.2
What is the tariff promise? Ordinary customs duties,
other duties and charges
74
3.4.3
The typology of ordinary customs duties
78
3.4.4
Multilateral trade negotiations (rounds)
79
3.4.5
The treatment of export tariffs (taxes) under
GATT
84
3.4.6
Certification of schedules
86
3.5
Interpreting tariff commitments
87
3.5.1
The legal relevance of
HS 87
3.5.2
Scheduling of concessions must be WTO consistent
88
3.5.3
The
(non)
impact of legitimate expectations
93
3.6
Changes in tariff protection after their consolidation
93
3.6.1
Switching between different types of duties
94
3.6.2
Withdrawing concessions from members leaving the WTO
95
3.6.3
Renegotiating the tariff protection
97
3.6.3.1
INR holders
99
3.6.3.2
PSI
countries
100
3.6.3.3
SI countries
102
3.6.3.4
MFN trade is the basis for defining PSIs and Sis
102
3.6.3.5
New products
103
3.6.3.6
The mechanics of the negotiation
103
3.6.4
Rectifications and modifications of schedules
112
3.7
Fees and charges for services rendered
114
3.8
Customs Valuation
(CV) 118
3.9
The Agreement on Pre-shipment Inspection
(PSIA)
119
3.10
The MFN
120
3.10.1
The MFN discipline in a nutshell
123
3.10.2
The measures coming under the purview of the MFN
124
3.10.2.1
Any advantage.
124
3.10.2.2 .
.granted to products originating in
any country.
125
3.10.2.3 .
.irrespective whether it discriminates
de
jure
or
de
facto.
126
3.10.3 .
.must be extended to like products
126
3.10.4
The rules of origin
129
3.10.5
The MFN treatment must be extended immediately
and unconditionally
132
3.10.6
No rebalancing permitted
135
3.10.7
The standard of review: no effect and no intent test
136
3.11
Special and differential treatment for developing countries
137
3.11.1
The Enabling clause
137
Contents xv
3.11.2
Some historical
features
138
3.11.3
The Enabling clause in the WTO legal order
143
3.11.4
The test for compliance with the Enabling cUuse
144
3.11.5
Is the candle worth the flame? (criticism of the
Enabling clause)
145
3.12
Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs)
148
3.12.1
PTAs in the WTO: FTAs and
CUs
148
3.12.2
Globalization yes, preferences yes as well
148
3.12.3
What matters when discussing preferential trade?
150
3.12.4
PTAs in the
GATT
152
3.12.4.1
No per
se
inconsistency
152
3.12.4.2
The Art
XXIV
of the
GATT
test in a nutshell
153
3.12.4.3
Designed at home, approved
(?)
in Geneva
153
3.12.4.4
The multilateral track
156
3.12.4.5
The bilateral track
168
3.12.4.6
Why not litigate more?
171
3.12.5
What is the permissible extent from MFN
deviation when a PTA is formed?
177
4
Export Subsidies
179
4.1
Rigidity required?
179
4.2
From discouraging to outlawing export subsidies
181
4.3
Counteracting prohibited subsidies
184
3.
Domestic Instruments
190
1
National Treatment and its Rationale
193
2
The Coverage
195
2.1
Wide coverage
195
2.2
Subsidies
195
2.2.1
What is a (domestic) subsidy?
195
2.2.1.1
Financial contribution
196
2.2.1.2
Benefit to recipient
198
2.2.1.3
The specificity requirement
200
2.2.2
The classification of subsidies
200
2.2.3
Counteracting subsidies
201
2.2.4
Remedies
201
2.2.5
Farm subsidies
202
2.2.5.1
The regulation of farm trade in the
GATT
era
202
2.2.5.2
The WTO Agreement in a nutshell
206
2.2.5.3
AGoverSCM
208
2.3
Government procurement
210
2.3.1
What is government procurement?
210
2.3.2
The basic discipline: non-discrimination
211
і
Contents
2.3.3
The past and present of GPA membership
211
2.4
The coverage of Art III of the
GATT
—
revisited
212
3
National Treatment, and Negative Integration
215
4
National Treatment: The Legal Discipline
216
4.1
Fiscal measures
216
4.1.1
DCS products
217
4.1.1.1
Defining DCS
217
4.1.1.2
SATAP
221
4.1.2
Like products
234
4.1.2.1
Defining like products
234
4.1.2.2
Taxation in excess
236
4.2
Non-fiscal measures
237
4.2.1
A measure
. 237
4.2.2 .
affecting sale, offering for sale,
. 238
4.2.3
.of like products
238
4.2.4
Less favourable treatment
242
4.3
A critique of the case-law concerning NT
247
4.4
General exceptions
254
4.4.1
Coverage
254
4.4.2
An exception to which provisions?
254
4.4.3
Regulatory diversity
259
4.4.4
A two-tier test for compliance with Art XX of the
GATT
260
4.4.5
Public morals (Art XX(a) of the
GATT)
261
4.4.5.1
Coverage
261
4.4.5.2
The necessity requirement
262
4.4.6
Human, animal and plant life (Art XX(b) of the
GATT)
262
4.4.6.1
Coverage
262
4.4.6.2
The necessity requirement
262
4.4.6.3
No science required
263
4.4.7
Domestic laws and regulations (Art XX(d) of the
GATT)
264
4.4.7.1
Coverage
264
4.4.7.2
The necessity requirement
264
4.4.8
Exhaustible natural resources (Art XX(g) of the
GATT)
266
4.4.8.1
Coverage
266
4.4.8.2
Jurisdictional limits
268
4.4.8.3
Measure must be relating to the objective pursued
269
4.4.8.4
Measures restricting domestic production or
consumption
270
4.4.9
The
chapeau
of Art XX of the
GATT
271
4.4.9.1
The scope of the
chapeau
271
4.4.9.2
Complying with the
chapeau
271
4.4.9.2.1
Arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination
271
4.4.9.2.2
Disguised restriction of trade
274
4.4.10
A critique of the case-law
276
4.4.10.1
The discontents of an exhaustive list
276
4.4.10.2
Extra-territoriality
277
Contents xvii
4.4.10.3
A two-tier test?
285
4.4.10.4
The standard of review
285
4.5
A specific exception: films
286
5
Dealing with NTBs
287
5.1
The TBT and SPS Agreements
287
5.2
The legal relationship between
GATT, TBT,
and SPS
288
5.3
TBT
288
5.3.1
Coverage
288
5.3.2
International standards
289
5.3.3
Unilateral technical regulations
295
5.3.4
Domestic standards
296
5.4
The WTO SPS Agreement
297
5.4.1
Coverage
297
5.4.2
The SPS Agreement in a nutshell
298
5.4.3
International standards
299
5.4.4
Unilateral measures based on scientific evidence
299
5.4.5
Measures adopted on the basis of precaution
309
6
State Trading Enterprises (STEs)
315
6.1
STEs: definitional issues
315
6.2
The legal obligation in a nutshell
316
4.
State Contingencies
320
1
Introduction
321
2
National Security (Art
XXI
of the
GATT)
322
2.1
The legal discipline
322
2.2
Practice in the
GATT
years
322
2.3
Practice in the WTO era
330
3
BoP
331
4
Exchange Restrictions
335
5
Antidumping (Art VI of the
GATT)
338
5.1
An unfair
(?)
price discrimination
338
5.2
Finding dumping
343
5.3
Establishing injury
349
5.4
Sunset reviews
352
5.5
Price differentiation in antitrust statutes
358
5.6
What does the
'anti'
in AD refer to?
361
5.6.1
Discriminatory pricing
361
5.6.2
Prédation
362
5.6.3
Strategic dumping
363
5.6.4
AD as a safeguard mechanism
364
6
Countervailing Duties (CVD)
365
7
Safeguards
365
7.1
The regulatory framework
365
7.2
The typology of safeguards
366
7.3
Safeguards imposed by PTAs
367
xviii Contents
7
Λ
Conditions
for lawful
application
of safeguards
368
7.4.1
Initiation of investigation
368
7'.4.2
Unforeseen developments
370
7.4.3
Increased imports
371
7.4.4
Injury
371
7.4.5
Are safeguards truly non-discriminatory?
375
7.4.6
The issue of compensation
376
7.4.7
The duration of safeguards
378
7.5
Safeguards and voluntary export restraints (VERs)
380
7.6
Safeguards: a safe harbour too far?
381
8
The Notion of Market Access Revisited
385
5.
Institutional Provisions
388
1
Introductory Remarks
389
2
Participation
390
2.1
Contracting Parties to the
GATT,
WTO members
390
2.2
Accession
391
2.3
Non-application
394
3
Decision Making
395
3.1
Consensus, the default rule
395
3.2
Special procedures
396
3.2.1
Interpretations
396
3.2.2
Amendment of the
GATT
397
4
Dispute Settlement
398
4.1
The early
GATT
years
398
4.2
The late
GATT
years
400
4.3
The WTO
DSU 402
4.4
The WTO: exclusive forum for adjudication of trade disputes
404
4.5
A closer look into procedures
406
4.5.1
Request for establishment of a panel
406
4.5.2
Burden of proof
407
4.5.3
Discovery powers
408
4.5.4
Standard of review
410
4.5.5
The process before the
AB 411
4.5.6
The types of complaints before panels and the
AB 411
4.5.6.1
Violation complaints
412
4.5.6.2
NVCs
412
4.5.6.3
Situation complaints
415
4.5.7
Recommendations and suggestions by panels and the
AB 416
4.6
Enforcing WTO obligations
417
4.6.1
The process in a nutshell
417
4.6.2
The types of complaint matter for enforcement purposes
418
4.6.3
Compliance within a reasonable period of time
418
4.6.4
Compliance panels
419
4.6.5
Compensation
420
4.6.6
Suspension of concessions
421
Contents xix
4.6.6.1
Procedural
issues
421
4.6.6.2
Quantifying
suspension of
concessions
422
4.7
Monitoring compliance
424
4.8
The value of precedent in the WTO
425
4.9
Does WTO enforcement work?
426
5
Waivers
435
6
Transparency
436
6.1
Introductory remarks
436
6.2
Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM)
437
6.3
Art X of the
GATT
440
6.3.1
The discipline in a nutshell
440
6.3.2
The coverage
441
6.3.3
The standard of review
442
6.3.4
Laws of general application
443
6.3.5
Uniform, reasonable, and impartial administration
443
6.3.5.1
Uniform administration
444
6.3.5.2
Reasonable administration
444
6.3.5.3
Impartial administration
445
6.3.6
The obligation to maintain independent tribunals
445
7
Relation to the Havana Charter
446
6.
The
GATT,
Then and Now
447
1
The
GATT
1947:
A Solid Text (with some compromises)
447
2
The Evolution of the
GATT:
No Keeping up with the Joneses
448
3
Rule of Reason
451
Appendices
455
References
478
Index
499 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Mavroidis, Petros C. 1959- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)128796472 |
| author_facet | Mavroidis, Petros C. 1959- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Mavroidis, Petros C. 1959- |
| author_variant | p c m pc pcm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023311951 |
| classification_rvk | QM 230 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)166255189 (DE-599)BVBBV023311951 |
| dewey-full | 343.087 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 343 - Military, tax, trade & industrial law |
| dewey-raw | 343.087 |
| dewey-search | 343.087 |
| dewey-sort | 3343.087 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 1. publ. in paperback |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023311951 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:50:36Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:15:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780199552139 9780199239030 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Mavroidis, Petros C. 1959- Verfasser (DE-588)128796472 aut Trade in goods the GATT and the other agreements regulating trade in goods Petros C. Mavroidis 1. publ. in paperback Oxford Oxford Univ. Press 2008 XXXIII, 506 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Originally published: 2007 Includes bibliographical references and index This is an analysis of the establishment and operation of international trade agreements, focusing on the 'General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade'. The book examines the economic rationale behind the framework of international trade, and analyses the role of trade agreements in securing the benefits of a global economy. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) GATT 1994 1994 April 15 (DE-588)4424856-8 gnd rswk-swf Foreign trade regulation Welthandel (DE-588)4065365-1 gnd rswk-swf Welthandel (DE-588)4065365-1 s GATT 1994 1994 April 15 (DE-588)4424856-8 u DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016496206&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mavroidis, Petros C. 1959- Trade in goods the GATT and the other agreements regulating trade in goods General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) GATT 1994 1994 April 15 (DE-588)4424856-8 gnd Foreign trade regulation Welthandel (DE-588)4065365-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4424856-8 (DE-588)4065365-1 |
| title | Trade in goods the GATT and the other agreements regulating trade in goods |
| title_auth | Trade in goods the GATT and the other agreements regulating trade in goods |
| title_exact_search | Trade in goods the GATT and the other agreements regulating trade in goods |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Trade in goods the GATT and the other agreements regulating trade in goods |
| title_full | Trade in goods the GATT and the other agreements regulating trade in goods Petros C. Mavroidis |
| title_fullStr | Trade in goods the GATT and the other agreements regulating trade in goods Petros C. Mavroidis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trade in goods the GATT and the other agreements regulating trade in goods Petros C. Mavroidis |
| title_short | Trade in goods |
| title_sort | trade in goods the gatt and the other agreements regulating trade in goods |
| title_sub | the GATT and the other agreements regulating trade in goods |
| topic | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) GATT 1994 1994 April 15 (DE-588)4424856-8 gnd Foreign trade regulation Welthandel (DE-588)4065365-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) GATT 1994 1994 April 15 Foreign trade regulation Welthandel |
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