Verfügbarkeit: OpenGL Programming Guide

OpenGL Programming Guide: the official guide to learning OpenGL, Version 2.1

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Upper Saddle River, NJ Addison-Wesley 2008
Ausgabe:	6. ed.
Schlagworte:	OpenGL Infographie Computer graphics
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XLVII, 862 S. graph. Darst.
ISBN:	0321481003 9780321481009

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	OPENGL 8 PROGRAMMING GUIDE SIXTH EDITION THE OFSSCIAL GUIDE TO LEARNING OPENGL, VERSION 2.1 OPENGL ARCHITECTURE REVIEW BOARD DAVE SHREINER MASON WOO JACKIE NEIDER TOM DAVIS /ADDISON-WESLEY UPPER SADDLE RIVER, NJ BOSTON * INDIANAPOLIS * SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK * TORONTO * MONTREAL * LONDON * MUNICH * PARIS * MADRID CAPETOWN * SYDNEY * TOKYO * SINGAPORE * MEXICO CITY CONTENTS FIGURES XXI TABLES XXV EXAMPLES XXIX ABOUTTHIS GUIDE XXXV WHAT THIS GUIDE CONTAINS XXXV WHAT S NEW IN THIS EDITION XXXVIII WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE READING THIS GUIDE XXXVIII HOW TO OBTAIN THE SAMPLE CODE XXXIX NATE ROBINS OPENGL TUTORS XL ERRATA XL STYLE CONVENTIONS XL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XLIII 1 . INTRODUCTION TO OPENGL 1 WHAT IS OPENGL? 2 A SMIDGEN OF OPENGL CODE 5 OPENGL COMMAND SYNTAX 7 OPENGL AS A STATE MACHINE 9 OPENGL RENDERING PIPELINE 10 DISPLAY LISTS 11 EVALUATORS 11 PER-VERTEX OPERATIONS 12 VII PRIMITIVE ASSEMBLY 12 PIXEL OPERATIONS 12 TEXTURE ASSEMBLY 13 RASTERIZATION 13 FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 13 OPENGL-RELATED LIBRARIES 14 INCLUDE FILES 15 GLUT, THE OPENGL UTILITY TOOLKIT 16 ANIMATION 20 THE REFRESH THAT PAUSES 22 MOTION = REDRAW + SWAP 23 2. STATE MANAGEMENT AND DRAWING GEOMETRIE OBJECTS 27 A DRAWING SURVIVAL KIT 29 CLEARING THE WINDOW 30 SPECIFYING A COLOR 32 FORCING COMPLETION OF DRAWING 34 COORDINATE SYSTEM SURVIVAL KIT 36 DESCRIBING POINTS, LINES, AND POLYGONS 37 WHAT ARE POINTS, LINES, AND POLYGONS? 37 SPECIFYING VERTICES 41 OPENGL GEOMETRIE DRAWING PRIMITIVES 42 BASIC STATE MANAGEMENT 48 DISPLAYING POINTS, LINES, AND POLYGONS 50 POINT DETAILS 50 LINE DETAILS 51 POLYGON DETAILS 55 NORMAL VECTORS 63 VERTEX ARRAYS 65 STEP 1: ENABLING ARRAYS 67 STEP 2: SPECIFYING DATA FOR THE ARRAYS 68 STEP 3: DEREFERENCING AND RENDERING 71 INTERLEAVED ARRAYS 78 BUFFER OBJECTS 82 CREATING BUFFER OBJECTS 82 VIII CONTENTS MAKING A BUFFER OBJECT ACTIVE 83 ALLOCATING AND INITIALIZING BUFFER OBJECTS WITH DATA 84 UPDATING DATA VALUES IN BUFFER OBJECTS 86 CLEANING UP BUFFER OBJECTS 88 USING BUFFER OBJECTS WITH VERTEX-ARRAY DATA 88 ATTRIBUTE GROUPS 91 SOME HINTS FOR BUILDING POLYGONAL MODELS OF SURFACES 94 AN EXAMPLE: BUILDING AN ICOSAHEDRON 96 3. VIEWING 103 OVERVIEW: THE CAMERA ANALOGY 106 A SIMPLE EXAMPLE: DRAWING A CUBE 109 GENERAL-PURPOSE TRANSFORMATION COMMANDS 114 VIEWING AND MODELING TRANSFORMATIONS 117 THINKING ABOUT TRANSFORMATIONS 117 MODELING TRANSFORMATIONS 120 VIEWING TRANSFORMATIONS 126 PROJECTION TRANSFORMATIONS 133 PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION 133 ORTHOGRAPHIE PROJECTION 136 VIEWING VOLUME CLIPPING 138 VIEWPORT TRANSFORMATION 138 DEFINING THE VIEWPORT 139 THE TRANSFORMED DEPTH COORDINATE 141 TROUBLESHOOTING TRANSFORMATIONS 142 MANIPULATING THE MATRIX STACKS 145 THE MODELVIEW MATRIX STACK 148 THE PROJECTION MATRIX STACK 148 ADDITIONAL CLIPPING PLANES 149 EXAMPLES OF COMPOSING SEVERAL TRANSFORMATIONS 152 BUILDING A SOLAR SYSTEM 153 BUILDING AN ARTICULATED ROBOT ARM 156 REVERSING OR MIMICKING TRANSFORMATIONS 160 CONTENTS IX 4. COLOR 165 COLOR PERCEPTION 166 COMPUTER COLOR 168 RGBA VERSUS COLOR-INDEX MODE 170 RGBA DISPLAY MODE 171 COLOR-INDEX DISPLAY MODE 173 CHOOSING BETWEEN RGBA AND COLOR-INDEX MODE 175 CHANGING BETWEEN DISPLAY MODES 176 SPECIFYING A COLOR AND A SHADING MODEL 176 SPECIFYING A COLOR IN RGBA MODE 177 SPECIFYING A COLOR IN COLOR-INDEX MODE 178 SPECIFYING A SHADING MODEL 179 5. LIGHTING 183 A HIDDEN-SURFACE REMOVAL SURVIVAL KIT 185 REAL-WORLD AND OPENGL LIGHTING 187 AMBIENT, DIFFUSE, SPECULAR, AND EMISSIVE LIGHT 188 MATERIAL COLORS 189 RGB VALUES FOR LIGHTS AND MATERIALS 189 A SIMPLE EXAMPLE: RENDERING A LIT SPHERE 190 CREATING LIGHT SOURCES 194 COLOR 196 POSITION AND ATTENUATION 197 SPOTLIGHTS 199 MULTIPLE LIGHTS 200 CONTROLLING A LIGHT S POSITION AND DIRECTION 201 SELECTING A LIGHTING MODEL 207 GLOBAL AMBIENT LIGHT 208 LOCAL OR INFINITE VIEWPOINT 209 TWO-SIDED LIGHTING 209 SECONDARY SPECULAR COLOR 210 ENABLING LIGHTING 211 DEFINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES 211 DIFFUSE AND AMBIENT REFLECTION 213 SPECULAR REFLECTION 214 EMISSION 214 CHANGING MATERIAL PROPERTIES 215 COLOR MATERIAL MODE 217 THE MATHEMATICS OF LIGHTING 220 MATERIAL EMISSION 221 SCALED GLOBAL AMBIENT LIGHT 222 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM LIGHT SOURCES 222 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 224 SECONDARY SPECULAR COLOR 225 LIGHTING IN COLOR-INDEX MODE 226 THE MATHEMATICS OF COLOR-INDEX MODE LIGHTING 22 7 6. BLENDING, ANTIALIASING, FOG, AND POLYGON OFFSET 229 BLENDING 231 THE SOURCE AND DESTINATION FACTORS 232 ENABLING BLENDING 235 COMBINING PIXELS USING BLENDING EQUATIONS 235 SAMPLE USES OF BLENDING 238 A BLENDING EXAMPLE 240 THREE-DIMENSIONAL BLENDING WITH THE DEPTH BUFFER 243 ANTIALIASING 247 ANTIALIASING POINTS OR LINES 249 ANTIALIASING GEOMETRIE PRIMITIVES WITH MULTISAMPLING 255 ANTIALIASING POLYGONS 259 FOG 261 USING FOG 261 FOG EQUATIONS 264 POINT PARAMETERS 271 POLYGON OFFSET 274 7. DISPLAY LISTS 277 WHY USE DISPLAY LISTS? 278 AN EXAMPLE OF USING A DISPLAY LIST 279 DISPLAY LIST DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 282 CREATING AND EXECUTING A DISPLAY LIST 285 NAMING AND CREATING A DISPLAY LIST 286 WHAT S STORED IN A DISPLAY LIST? 287 EXECUTING A DISPLAY LIST 289 HIERARCHICAL DISPLAY LISTS 290 MANAGING DISPLAY LIST INDICES 291 EXECUTING MULTIPLE DISPLAY LISTS 292 MANAGING STATE VARIABLES WITH DISPLAY LISTS 297 ENCAPSULATING MODE CHANGES 299 8. DRAWING PIXELS, BITMAPS, FONTS, AND IMAGES 301 BITMAPS AND FONTS 303 THE CURRENT RASTER POSITION 305 DRAWING THE BITMAP 306 CHOOSING A COLOR FOR THE BITMAP 308 FONTS AND DISPLAY LISTS 309 DEFINING AND USING A COMPLETE FONT 310 IMAGES 312 READING, WRITING, AND COPYING PIXEL DATA 313 IMAGING PIPELINE 321 PIXEL PACKING AND UNPACKING 324 CONTROLLING PIXEL-STORAGE MODES 325 PIXEL-TRANSFER OPERATIONS 330 PIXEL MAPPING 333 MAGNIFYING, REDUCING, OR FLIPPINGAN IMAGE 334 READING AND DRAWING PIXEL RECTANGLES 337 THE PIXEL RECTANGLE DRAWING PROCESS 338 USING BUFFER OBJECTS WITH PIXEL RECTANGLE DATA 341 USING BUFFER OBJECTS TO TRANSFER PIXEL DATA 342 USING BUFFER OBJECTS TO RETRIEVE PIXEL DATA 344 TIPS FOR IMPROVING PIXEL DRAWING RATES 345 IMAGING SUBSET 346 COLOR TABLES 348 CONVOLUTIONS 353 COLOR MATRIX 361 HISTOGRAM 363 MINMAX 366 XII CONTENTS 9. TEXTURE MAPPING 369 AN OVERVIEW AND AN EXAMPLE 375 STEPS IN TEXTURE MAPPING 375 A SAMPLE PROGRAM 377 SPECIFYING THE TEXTURE 380 TEXTURE PROXY 385 REPLACING ALL OR PART OF A TEXTURE IMAGE 387 ONE-DIMENSIONAL TEXTURES 390 THREE-DIMENSIONAL TEXTURES 392 COMPRESSED TEXTURE IMAGES 397 USING A TEXTURE S BORDERS 400 MIPMAPS: MULTIPLE LEVELS OF DETAIL 400 FILTERING 411 TEXTURE OBJECTS 414 NAMING A TEXTURE OBJECT 415 CREATING AND USING TEXTURE OBJECTS 415 CLEANING UP TEXTURE OBJECTS 418 A WORKING SET OF RESIDENT TEXTURES 419 TEXTURE FUNCTIONS 421 ASSIGNING TEXTURE COORDINATES 425 COMPUTING APPROPRIATE TEXTURE COORDINATES 427 REPEATING AND CLAMPING TEXTURES 428 AUTOMATIC TEXTURE-COORDINATE GENERATION 434 CREATING CONTOURS 435 SPHERE MAP 439 CUBE MAP TEXTURES 441 MULTITEXTURING 443 TEXTURE COMBINER FUNCTIONS 449 THE INTERPOLATION COMBINER FUNCTION 453 APPLYING SECONDARY COLOR AFTER TEXTURING 455 SECONDARY COLOR WHEN LIGHTING IS DISABLED 455 SECONDARY SPECULAR COLOR WHEN LIGHTING IS ENABLED 455 POINT SPRITES 456 THE TEXTURE MATRIX STACK 457 DEPTH TEXTURES 459 CREATING A SHADOW MAP 460 GENERATING TEXTURE COORDINATES AND RENDERING 461 CONTENTS XUEI 10. THE FRAMEBUFFER 465 BUFFERS AND THEIR USES 468 COLOR BUFFERS 469 CLEARING BUFFERS 470 SELECTING COLOR BUFFERS FOR WRITING AND READING 471 MASKING BUFFERS 473 TESTING AND OPERATING ON FRAGMENTS 475 SCISSOR TEST 476 ALPHA TEST 476 STENCILTEST 478 DEPTHTEST 483 OCCLUSION QUERY 484 BLENDING, DITHERING, AND LOGICAL OPERATIONS 487 THE ACCUMULATION BUFFER 490 SCENE ANTIALIASING 491 MOTION BLUR 497 DEPTHOFFIELD 497 SOFTSHADOWS 502 JITTERING 502 11. TESSELLATORS AND QUADRICS 505 POLYGON TESSELLATION 506 CREATING A TESSELLATION OBJECT 508 TESSELLATION CALLBACK ROUTINES 508 TESSELLATION PROPERTIES 513 POLYGON DEFINITION 518 DELETING A TESSELLATION OBJECT 521 TESSELLATION PERFORMANCE TIPS 521 DESCRIBING GLU ERRORS 522 BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY 522 QUADRICS: RENDERING SPHERES, CYLINDERS, AND DISKS 523 MANAGING QUADRICS OBJECTS 524 CONTROLLING QUADRICS ATTRIBUTES 525 QUADRICS PRIMITIVES 527 CONTENTS 12. EVALUATORS AND NURBS 533 PREREQUISITES 535 EVALUATORS 536 ONE-DIMENSIONAL EVALUATORS 536 TWO-DIMENSIONAL EVALUATORS 542 USING EVALUATORS FOR TEXTURES 548 THE GLU NURBS INTERFACE 550 A SIMPLE NURBS EXAMPLE 550 MANAGING A NURBS OBJECT 555 CREATING A NURBS CURVE OR SURFACE 559 TRIMMING A NURBS SURFACE 565 13. SELECTION AND FEEDBACK 569 SELECTION 570 THE BASIC STEPS 571 CREATING THE NAME STACK 572 THEHITRECORD 574 A SELECTION EXAMPLE 575 PICKING 578 HINTS FOR WRITING A PROGRAM THAT USES SELECTION 589 FEEDBACK 591 THE FEEDBACK ARRAY 593 USING MARKERS IN FEEDBACK MODE 594 A FEEDBACK EXAMPLE 594 14. NOW THAT YOU KNOW 599 ERROR HANDLING 601 WHICH VERSION AM I USING? 603 UTILITY LIBRARY VERSION 604 WINDOW SYSTEM EXTENSION VERSIONS 605 EXTENSIONS TO THE STANDARD 605 EXTENSIONS TO THE STANDARD FOR MICROSOFT WINDOWS (WGL) 607 CHEESY TRANSLUCENCY 608 AN EASY FADE EFFECT 608 OBJECT SELECTION USING THE BACK BUFFER 610 CHEAP IMAGE TRANSFORMATION 611 DISPLAYING LAYERS 612 ANTIALIASED CHARACTERS 613 DRAWING ROUND POINTS 616 INTERPOLATING IMAGES 616 MAKING DECALS 616 DRAWING FILLED, CONCAVE POLYGONS USING THE STENCIL BUFFER 618 FINDING INTERFERENCE REGIONS 619 SHADOWS 621 HIDDEN-LINE REMOVAL 622 HIDDEN-LINE REMOVAL WITH POLYGON OFFSET 622 HIDDEN-LINE REMOVAL WITH THE STENCIL BUFFER 623 TEXTURE MAPPING APPLICATIONS 624 DRAWING DEPTH-BUFFERED IMAGES 625 DIRICHLET DOMAINS 625 LIFE IN THE STENCIL BUFFER 627 ALTERNATIVE USES FOR GLDRAWPIXELS() AND GLCOPYPIXELS() 628 15. THE OPENGL SHADING LANGUAGE 631 THE OPENGL GRAPHICS PIPELINE AND PROGRAMMABLE SHADING 632 VERTEX PROCESSING 633 FRAGMENT PROCESSING 635 USING GLSL SHADERS 636 A SAMPLE SHADER 636 OPENGL / GLSL INTERFACE 637 THE OPENGL SHADING LANGUAGE 644 CREATING SHADERS WITH GLSL 645 THE STARTING POINT 645 DECLARING VARIABLES 645 AGGREGATE TYPES 647 COMPUTATIONAL INVARIANCE 656 STATEMENTS 656 FUNCTIONS 660 USING OPENGL STATE VALUES IN GLSL PROGRAMS 661 XVI CONTENTS ACCESSING TEXTURE MAPS IN SHADERS 661 SHADER PREPROCESSOR 664 PREPROCESSOR DIRECTIVES 664 MACRO DEFINITION 665 PREPROCESSOR CONDITIONALS 666 COMPILER CONTROL 666 EXTENSION PROCESSING 667 VERTEX SHADER SPECIFICS 668 FRAGMENT SHADERS 675 A. ORDER OF OPERATIONS 679 OVERVIEW 680 GEOMETRIE OPERATIONS 681 PER-VERTEX OPERATIONS 681 PRIMITIVE ASSEMBLY 682 PIXEL OPERATIONS 682 TEXTURE MEMORY 683 FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 683 ODDSANDENDS 684 B. STATE VARIABLES 685 THE QUERY COMMANDS 686 OPENGL STATE VARIABLES 688 CURRENT VALUES AND ASSOCIATED DATA 690 VERTEX ARRAY 691 TRANSFORMATION 697 COLORING 699 LIGHTING 700 RASTERIZATION 702 MULTISAMPLING 705 TEXTURING 706 PIXEL OPERATIONS 712 FRAMEBUFFER CONTROL 715 PIXELS 716 EVALUATORS 722 SHADER OBJECT STATE 723 PROGRAM OBJECT STATE 724 VERTEX SHADER STATE 726 HINTS 726 IMPLEMENTATION-DEPENDENT VALUES 727 IMPLEMENTATION-DEPENDENT PIXEL DEPTHS 733 MISCELLANEOUS 733 C. OPENGL AND WINDOW SYSTEMS 735 ACCESSING NEW OPENGL FUNCTIONS 736 GLX: OPENGL EXTENSION FOR THE X WINDOW SYSTEM 737 INITIALIZATION 738 CONTROLLING RENDERING 739 GLX PROTOTYPES 741 AGL: OPENGL EXTENSIONS FOR THE APPLE MACINTOSH 744 INITIALIZATION 744 RENDERING AND CONTEXTS 745 MANAGING AN OPENGL RENDERING CONTEXT 745 ON-SCREEN RENDERING 745 OFF-SCREEN RENDERING 746 FULL-SCREEN RENDERING 746 SWAPPING BUFFERS 746 UPDATING THE RENDERING BUFFERS 746 USING AN APPLE MACINTOSH FONT 746 ERROR HANDLING 747 AGL PROTOTYPES 747 PGL: OPENGL EXTENSION FOR IBM OS/2 WARP 749 INITIALIZATION 749 CONTROLLING RENDERING 750 PGL PROTOTYPES 751 WGL: OPENGL EXTENSION FOR MICROSOFT WINDOWS 95/98/NT/ME/2000/XP 753 INITIALIZATION 753 CONTROLLING RENDERING 754 WGL PROTOTYPES 755 CONTENTS D. BASICS OF GLUT: THE OPENGL UTILITY TOOLKIT 759 INITIALIZING AND CREATING A WINDOW 760 HANDLING WINDOW AND INPUT EVENTS 761 LOADING THE COLOR MAP 763 INITIALIZING AND DRAWING THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS 763 MANAGING A BACKGROUND PROCESS 765 RUNNING THE PROGRAM 765 E. CALCULATING NORMAL VECTORS 767 FINDING NORMALS FOR ANALYTIC SURFACES 769 FINDING NORMALS FROM POLYGONAL DATA 771 F. HOMOGENEOUS COORDINATES AND TRANSFORMATION MATRICES 773 HOMOGENEOUS COORDINATES 774 TRANSFORMING VERTICES 774 TRANSFORMING NORMALS 775 TRANSFORMATION MATRICES 775 TRANSLATION 776 SCALING 776 ROTATION 776 PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION 777 ORTHOGRAPHIE PROJECTION 778 G. PROGRAMMING TIPS 779 OPENGL CORRECTNESS TIPS 780 OPENGL PERFORMANCE TIPS 782 GLXTIPS 784 H. OPENGL INVARIANCE 785 I. BUILT-IN OPENGL SHADING LANGUAGE VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS 789 VARIABLES 790 VERTEX SHADER INPUT ATTRIBUTES VARIABLES 790 VERTEX SHADER SPECIAL OUTPUT VARIABLES 790 VERTEX SHADER OUTPUT VARYING VARIABLES 791 CONTENTS XIX BUILT-IN IMPLEMENTATION CONSTANTS 792 BUILT-IN UNIFORM STATE VARIABLES 793 BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS 802 ANGLE CONVERSION AND TRIGONOMETRIE FUNCTIONS 802 TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS 803 BASIC NUMERICAL FUNCTIONS 804 VECTOR-OPERATION FUNCTIONS 805 MATRIX FUNCTIONS 806 VECTOR-COMPONENT RELATIONAL FUNCTIONS 807 TEXTURE LOOKUP FUNCTIONS 808 FRAGMENT PROCESSING FUNCTIONS 813 NOISE FUNCTIONS 813 GLOSSARY 815 INDEX 837
adam_txt	OPENGL 8 PROGRAMMING GUIDE SIXTH EDITION THE OFSSCIAL GUIDE TO LEARNING OPENGL, VERSION 2.1 OPENGL ARCHITECTURE REVIEW BOARD DAVE SHREINER MASON WOO JACKIE NEIDER TOM DAVIS /ADDISON-WESLEY UPPER SADDLE RIVER, NJ BOSTON * INDIANAPOLIS * SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK * TORONTO * MONTREAL * LONDON * MUNICH * PARIS * MADRID CAPETOWN * SYDNEY * TOKYO * SINGAPORE * MEXICO CITY CONTENTS FIGURES XXI TABLES XXV EXAMPLES XXIX ABOUTTHIS GUIDE XXXV WHAT THIS GUIDE CONTAINS XXXV WHAT'S NEW IN THIS EDITION XXXVIII WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE READING THIS GUIDE XXXVIII HOW TO OBTAIN THE SAMPLE CODE XXXIX NATE ROBINS' OPENGL TUTORS XL ERRATA XL STYLE CONVENTIONS XL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XLIII 1 . INTRODUCTION TO OPENGL 1 WHAT IS OPENGL? 2 A SMIDGEN OF OPENGL CODE 5 OPENGL COMMAND SYNTAX 7 OPENGL AS A STATE MACHINE 9 OPENGL RENDERING PIPELINE 10 DISPLAY LISTS 11 EVALUATORS 11 PER-VERTEX OPERATIONS 12 VII PRIMITIVE ASSEMBLY 12 PIXEL OPERATIONS 12 TEXTURE ASSEMBLY 13 RASTERIZATION 13 FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 13 OPENGL-RELATED LIBRARIES 14 INCLUDE FILES 15 GLUT, THE OPENGL UTILITY TOOLKIT 16 ANIMATION 20 THE REFRESH THAT PAUSES 22 MOTION = REDRAW + SWAP 23 2. STATE MANAGEMENT AND DRAWING GEOMETRIE OBJECTS 27 A DRAWING SURVIVAL KIT 29 CLEARING THE WINDOW 30 SPECIFYING A COLOR 32 FORCING COMPLETION OF DRAWING 34 COORDINATE SYSTEM SURVIVAL KIT 36 DESCRIBING POINTS, LINES, AND POLYGONS 37 WHAT ARE POINTS, LINES, AND POLYGONS? 37 SPECIFYING VERTICES 41 OPENGL GEOMETRIE DRAWING PRIMITIVES 42 BASIC STATE MANAGEMENT 48 DISPLAYING POINTS, LINES, AND POLYGONS 50 POINT DETAILS 50 LINE DETAILS 51 POLYGON DETAILS 55 NORMAL VECTORS 63 VERTEX ARRAYS 65 STEP 1: ENABLING ARRAYS 67 STEP 2: SPECIFYING DATA FOR THE ARRAYS 68 STEP 3: DEREFERENCING AND RENDERING 71 INTERLEAVED ARRAYS 78 BUFFER OBJECTS 82 CREATING BUFFER OBJECTS 82 VIII CONTENTS MAKING A BUFFER OBJECT ACTIVE 83 ALLOCATING AND INITIALIZING BUFFER OBJECTS WITH DATA 84 UPDATING DATA VALUES IN BUFFER OBJECTS 86 CLEANING UP BUFFER OBJECTS 88 USING BUFFER OBJECTS WITH VERTEX-ARRAY DATA 88 ATTRIBUTE GROUPS 91 SOME HINTS FOR BUILDING POLYGONAL MODELS OF SURFACES 94 AN EXAMPLE: BUILDING AN ICOSAHEDRON 96 3. VIEWING 103 OVERVIEW: THE CAMERA ANALOGY 106 A SIMPLE EXAMPLE: DRAWING A CUBE 109 GENERAL-PURPOSE TRANSFORMATION COMMANDS 114 VIEWING AND MODELING TRANSFORMATIONS 117 THINKING ABOUT TRANSFORMATIONS 117 MODELING TRANSFORMATIONS 120 VIEWING TRANSFORMATIONS 126 PROJECTION TRANSFORMATIONS 133 PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION 133 ORTHOGRAPHIE PROJECTION 136 VIEWING VOLUME CLIPPING 138 VIEWPORT TRANSFORMATION 138 DEFINING THE VIEWPORT 139 THE TRANSFORMED DEPTH COORDINATE 141 TROUBLESHOOTING TRANSFORMATIONS 142 MANIPULATING THE MATRIX STACKS 145 THE MODELVIEW MATRIX STACK 148 THE PROJECTION MATRIX STACK 148 ADDITIONAL CLIPPING PLANES 149 EXAMPLES OF COMPOSING SEVERAL TRANSFORMATIONS 152 BUILDING A SOLAR SYSTEM 153 BUILDING AN ARTICULATED ROBOT ARM 156 REVERSING OR MIMICKING TRANSFORMATIONS 160 CONTENTS IX 4. COLOR 165 COLOR PERCEPTION 166 COMPUTER COLOR 168 RGBA VERSUS COLOR-INDEX MODE 170 RGBA DISPLAY MODE 171 COLOR-INDEX DISPLAY MODE 173 CHOOSING BETWEEN RGBA AND COLOR-INDEX MODE 175 CHANGING BETWEEN DISPLAY MODES 176 SPECIFYING A COLOR AND A SHADING MODEL 176 SPECIFYING A COLOR IN RGBA MODE 177 SPECIFYING A COLOR IN COLOR-INDEX MODE 178 SPECIFYING A SHADING MODEL 179 5. LIGHTING 183 A HIDDEN-SURFACE REMOVAL SURVIVAL KIT 185 REAL-WORLD AND OPENGL LIGHTING 187 AMBIENT, DIFFUSE, SPECULAR, AND EMISSIVE LIGHT 188 MATERIAL COLORS 189 RGB VALUES FOR LIGHTS AND MATERIALS 189 A SIMPLE EXAMPLE: RENDERING A LIT SPHERE 190 CREATING LIGHT SOURCES 194 COLOR 196 POSITION AND ATTENUATION 197 SPOTLIGHTS 199 MULTIPLE LIGHTS 200 CONTROLLING A LIGHT'S POSITION AND DIRECTION 201 SELECTING A LIGHTING MODEL 207 GLOBAL AMBIENT LIGHT 208 LOCAL OR INFINITE VIEWPOINT 209 TWO-SIDED LIGHTING 209 SECONDARY SPECULAR COLOR 210 ENABLING LIGHTING 211 DEFINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES 211 DIFFUSE AND AMBIENT REFLECTION 213 SPECULAR REFLECTION 214 EMISSION 214 CHANGING MATERIAL PROPERTIES 215 COLOR MATERIAL MODE 217 THE MATHEMATICS OF LIGHTING 220 MATERIAL EMISSION 221 SCALED GLOBAL AMBIENT LIGHT 222 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM LIGHT SOURCES 222 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 224 SECONDARY SPECULAR COLOR 225 LIGHTING IN COLOR-INDEX MODE 226 THE MATHEMATICS OF COLOR-INDEX MODE LIGHTING 22 7 6. BLENDING, ANTIALIASING, FOG, AND POLYGON OFFSET 229 BLENDING 231 THE SOURCE AND DESTINATION FACTORS 232 ENABLING BLENDING 235 COMBINING PIXELS USING BLENDING EQUATIONS 235 SAMPLE USES OF BLENDING 238 A BLENDING EXAMPLE 240 THREE-DIMENSIONAL BLENDING WITH THE DEPTH BUFFER 243 ANTIALIASING 247 ANTIALIASING POINTS OR LINES 249 ANTIALIASING GEOMETRIE PRIMITIVES WITH MULTISAMPLING 255 ANTIALIASING POLYGONS 259 FOG 261 USING FOG 261 FOG EQUATIONS 264 POINT PARAMETERS 271 POLYGON OFFSET 274 7. DISPLAY LISTS 277 WHY USE DISPLAY LISTS? 278 AN EXAMPLE OF USING A DISPLAY LIST 279 DISPLAY LIST DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 282 CREATING AND EXECUTING A DISPLAY LIST 285 NAMING AND CREATING A DISPLAY LIST 286 WHAT'S STORED IN A DISPLAY LIST? 287 EXECUTING A DISPLAY LIST 289 HIERARCHICAL DISPLAY LISTS 290 MANAGING DISPLAY LIST INDICES 291 EXECUTING MULTIPLE DISPLAY LISTS 292 MANAGING STATE VARIABLES WITH DISPLAY LISTS 297 ENCAPSULATING MODE CHANGES 299 8. DRAWING PIXELS, BITMAPS, FONTS, AND IMAGES 301 BITMAPS AND FONTS 303 THE CURRENT RASTER POSITION 305 DRAWING THE BITMAP 306 CHOOSING A COLOR FOR THE BITMAP 308 FONTS AND DISPLAY LISTS 309 DEFINING AND USING A COMPLETE FONT 310 IMAGES 312 READING, WRITING, AND COPYING PIXEL DATA 313 IMAGING PIPELINE 321 PIXEL PACKING AND UNPACKING 324 CONTROLLING PIXEL-STORAGE MODES 325 PIXEL-TRANSFER OPERATIONS 330 PIXEL MAPPING 333 MAGNIFYING, REDUCING, OR FLIPPINGAN IMAGE 334 READING AND DRAWING PIXEL RECTANGLES 337 THE PIXEL RECTANGLE DRAWING PROCESS 338 USING BUFFER OBJECTS WITH PIXEL RECTANGLE DATA 341 USING BUFFER OBJECTS TO TRANSFER PIXEL DATA 342 USING BUFFER OBJECTS TO RETRIEVE PIXEL DATA 344 TIPS FOR IMPROVING PIXEL DRAWING RATES 345 IMAGING SUBSET 346 COLOR TABLES 348 CONVOLUTIONS 353 COLOR MATRIX 361 HISTOGRAM 363 MINMAX 366 XII CONTENTS 9. TEXTURE MAPPING 369 AN OVERVIEW AND AN EXAMPLE 375 STEPS IN TEXTURE MAPPING 375 A SAMPLE PROGRAM 377 SPECIFYING THE TEXTURE 380 TEXTURE PROXY 385 REPLACING ALL OR PART OF A TEXTURE IMAGE 387 ONE-DIMENSIONAL TEXTURES 390 THREE-DIMENSIONAL TEXTURES 392 COMPRESSED TEXTURE IMAGES 397 USING A TEXTURE'S BORDERS 400 MIPMAPS: MULTIPLE LEVELS OF DETAIL 400 FILTERING 411 TEXTURE OBJECTS 414 NAMING A TEXTURE OBJECT 415 CREATING AND USING TEXTURE OBJECTS 415 CLEANING UP TEXTURE OBJECTS 418 A WORKING SET OF RESIDENT TEXTURES 419 TEXTURE FUNCTIONS 421 ASSIGNING TEXTURE COORDINATES 425 COMPUTING APPROPRIATE TEXTURE COORDINATES 427 REPEATING AND CLAMPING TEXTURES 428 AUTOMATIC TEXTURE-COORDINATE GENERATION 434 CREATING CONTOURS 435 SPHERE MAP 439 CUBE MAP TEXTURES 441 MULTITEXTURING 443 TEXTURE COMBINER FUNCTIONS 449 THE INTERPOLATION COMBINER FUNCTION 453 APPLYING SECONDARY COLOR AFTER TEXTURING 455 SECONDARY COLOR WHEN LIGHTING IS DISABLED 455 SECONDARY SPECULAR COLOR WHEN LIGHTING IS ENABLED 455 POINT SPRITES 456 THE TEXTURE MATRIX STACK 457 DEPTH TEXTURES 459 CREATING A SHADOW MAP 460 GENERATING TEXTURE COORDINATES AND RENDERING 461 CONTENTS XUEI 10. THE FRAMEBUFFER 465 BUFFERS AND THEIR USES 468 COLOR BUFFERS 469 CLEARING BUFFERS 470 SELECTING COLOR BUFFERS FOR WRITING AND READING 471 MASKING BUFFERS 473 TESTING AND OPERATING ON FRAGMENTS 475 SCISSOR TEST 476 ALPHA TEST 476 STENCILTEST 478 DEPTHTEST 483 OCCLUSION QUERY 484 BLENDING, DITHERING, AND LOGICAL OPERATIONS 487 THE ACCUMULATION BUFFER 490 SCENE ANTIALIASING 491 MOTION BLUR 497 DEPTHOFFIELD 497 SOFTSHADOWS 502 JITTERING 502 11. TESSELLATORS AND QUADRICS 505 POLYGON TESSELLATION 506 CREATING A TESSELLATION OBJECT 508 TESSELLATION CALLBACK ROUTINES 508 TESSELLATION PROPERTIES 513 POLYGON DEFINITION 518 DELETING A TESSELLATION OBJECT 521 TESSELLATION PERFORMANCE TIPS 521 DESCRIBING GLU ERRORS 522 BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY 522 QUADRICS: RENDERING SPHERES, CYLINDERS, AND DISKS 523 MANAGING QUADRICS OBJECTS 524 CONTROLLING QUADRICS ATTRIBUTES 525 QUADRICS PRIMITIVES 527 CONTENTS 12. EVALUATORS AND NURBS 533 PREREQUISITES 535 EVALUATORS 536 ONE-DIMENSIONAL EVALUATORS 536 TWO-DIMENSIONAL EVALUATORS 542 USING EVALUATORS FOR TEXTURES 548 THE GLU NURBS INTERFACE 550 A SIMPLE NURBS EXAMPLE 550 MANAGING A NURBS OBJECT 555 CREATING A NURBS CURVE OR SURFACE 559 TRIMMING A NURBS SURFACE 565 13. SELECTION AND FEEDBACK 569 SELECTION 570 THE BASIC STEPS 571 CREATING THE NAME STACK 572 THEHITRECORD 574 A SELECTION EXAMPLE 575 PICKING 578 HINTS FOR WRITING A PROGRAM THAT USES SELECTION 589 FEEDBACK 591 THE FEEDBACK ARRAY 593 USING MARKERS IN FEEDBACK MODE 594 A FEEDBACK EXAMPLE 594 14. NOW THAT YOU KNOW 599 ERROR HANDLING 601 WHICH VERSION AM I USING? 603 UTILITY LIBRARY VERSION 604 WINDOW SYSTEM EXTENSION VERSIONS 605 EXTENSIONS TO THE STANDARD 605 EXTENSIONS TO THE STANDARD FOR MICROSOFT WINDOWS (WGL) 607 CHEESY TRANSLUCENCY 608 AN EASY FADE EFFECT 608 OBJECT SELECTION USING THE BACK BUFFER 610 CHEAP IMAGE TRANSFORMATION 611 DISPLAYING LAYERS 612 ANTIALIASED CHARACTERS 613 DRAWING ROUND POINTS 616 INTERPOLATING IMAGES 616 MAKING DECALS 616 DRAWING FILLED, CONCAVE POLYGONS USING THE STENCIL BUFFER 618 FINDING INTERFERENCE REGIONS 619 SHADOWS 621 HIDDEN-LINE REMOVAL 622 HIDDEN-LINE REMOVAL WITH POLYGON OFFSET 622 HIDDEN-LINE REMOVAL WITH THE STENCIL BUFFER 623 TEXTURE MAPPING APPLICATIONS 624 DRAWING DEPTH-BUFFERED IMAGES 625 DIRICHLET DOMAINS 625 LIFE IN THE STENCIL BUFFER 627 ALTERNATIVE USES FOR GLDRAWPIXELS() AND GLCOPYPIXELS() 628 15. THE OPENGL SHADING LANGUAGE 631 THE OPENGL GRAPHICS PIPELINE AND PROGRAMMABLE SHADING 632 VERTEX PROCESSING 633 FRAGMENT PROCESSING 635 USING GLSL SHADERS 636 A SAMPLE SHADER 636 OPENGL / GLSL INTERFACE 637 THE OPENGL SHADING LANGUAGE 644 CREATING SHADERS WITH GLSL 645 THE STARTING POINT 645 DECLARING VARIABLES 645 AGGREGATE TYPES 647 COMPUTATIONAL INVARIANCE 656 STATEMENTS 656 FUNCTIONS 660 USING OPENGL STATE VALUES IN GLSL PROGRAMS 661 XVI CONTENTS ACCESSING TEXTURE MAPS IN SHADERS 661 SHADER PREPROCESSOR 664 PREPROCESSOR DIRECTIVES 664 MACRO DEFINITION 665 PREPROCESSOR CONDITIONALS 666 COMPILER CONTROL 666 EXTENSION PROCESSING 667 VERTEX SHADER SPECIFICS 668 FRAGMENT SHADERS 675 A. ORDER OF OPERATIONS 679 OVERVIEW 680 GEOMETRIE OPERATIONS 681 PER-VERTEX OPERATIONS 681 PRIMITIVE ASSEMBLY 682 PIXEL OPERATIONS 682 TEXTURE MEMORY 683 FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 683 ODDSANDENDS 684 B. STATE VARIABLES 685 THE QUERY COMMANDS 686 OPENGL STATE VARIABLES 688 CURRENT VALUES AND ASSOCIATED DATA 690 VERTEX ARRAY 691 TRANSFORMATION 697 COLORING 699 LIGHTING 700 RASTERIZATION 702 MULTISAMPLING 705 TEXTURING 706 PIXEL OPERATIONS 712 FRAMEBUFFER CONTROL 715 PIXELS 716 EVALUATORS 722 SHADER OBJECT STATE 723 PROGRAM OBJECT STATE 724 VERTEX SHADER STATE 726 HINTS 726 IMPLEMENTATION-DEPENDENT VALUES 727 IMPLEMENTATION-DEPENDENT PIXEL DEPTHS 733 MISCELLANEOUS 733 C. OPENGL AND WINDOW SYSTEMS 735 ACCESSING NEW OPENGL FUNCTIONS 736 GLX: OPENGL EXTENSION FOR THE X WINDOW SYSTEM 737 INITIALIZATION 738 CONTROLLING RENDERING 739 GLX PROTOTYPES 741 AGL: OPENGL EXTENSIONS FOR THE APPLE MACINTOSH 744 INITIALIZATION 744 RENDERING AND CONTEXTS 745 MANAGING AN OPENGL RENDERING CONTEXT 745 ON-SCREEN RENDERING 745 OFF-SCREEN RENDERING 746 FULL-SCREEN RENDERING 746 SWAPPING BUFFERS 746 UPDATING THE RENDERING BUFFERS 746 USING AN APPLE MACINTOSH FONT 746 ERROR HANDLING 747 AGL PROTOTYPES 747 PGL: OPENGL EXTENSION FOR IBM OS/2 WARP 749 INITIALIZATION 749 CONTROLLING RENDERING 750 PGL PROTOTYPES 751 WGL: OPENGL EXTENSION FOR MICROSOFT WINDOWS 95/98/NT/ME/2000/XP 753 INITIALIZATION 753 CONTROLLING RENDERING 754 WGL PROTOTYPES 755 CONTENTS D. BASICS OF GLUT: THE OPENGL UTILITY TOOLKIT 759 INITIALIZING AND CREATING A WINDOW 760 HANDLING WINDOW AND INPUT EVENTS 761 LOADING THE COLOR MAP 763 INITIALIZING AND DRAWING THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS 763 MANAGING A BACKGROUND PROCESS 765 RUNNING THE PROGRAM 765 E. CALCULATING NORMAL VECTORS 767 FINDING NORMALS FOR ANALYTIC SURFACES 769 FINDING NORMALS FROM POLYGONAL DATA 771 F. HOMOGENEOUS COORDINATES AND TRANSFORMATION MATRICES 773 HOMOGENEOUS COORDINATES 774 TRANSFORMING VERTICES 774 TRANSFORMING NORMALS 775 TRANSFORMATION MATRICES 775 TRANSLATION 776 SCALING 776 ROTATION 776 PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION 777 ORTHOGRAPHIE PROJECTION 778 G. PROGRAMMING TIPS 779 OPENGL CORRECTNESS TIPS 780 OPENGL PERFORMANCE TIPS 782 GLXTIPS 784 H. OPENGL INVARIANCE 785 I. BUILT-IN OPENGL SHADING LANGUAGE VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS 789 VARIABLES 790 VERTEX SHADER INPUT ATTRIBUTES VARIABLES 790 VERTEX SHADER SPECIAL OUTPUT VARIABLES 790 VERTEX SHADER OUTPUT VARYING VARIABLES 791 CONTENTS XIX BUILT-IN IMPLEMENTATION CONSTANTS 792 BUILT-IN UNIFORM STATE VARIABLES 793 BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS 802 ANGLE CONVERSION AND TRIGONOMETRIE FUNCTIONS 802 TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS 803 BASIC NUMERICAL FUNCTIONS 804 VECTOR-OPERATION FUNCTIONS 805 MATRIX FUNCTIONS 806 VECTOR-COMPONENT RELATIONAL FUNCTIONS 807 TEXTURE LOOKUP FUNCTIONS 808 FRAGMENT PROCESSING FUNCTIONS 813 NOISE FUNCTIONS 813 GLOSSARY 815 INDEX 837
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spelling	OpenGL Programming Guide the official guide to learning OpenGL, Version 2.1 Dave Shreiner ... 6. ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Addison-Wesley 2008 XLVII, 862 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier OpenGL Infographie Computer graphics OpenGL (DE-588)4391716-1 gnd rswk-swf OpenGL (DE-588)4391716-1 s DE-604 Shreiner, Dave Sonstige oth GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016487343&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	OpenGL Programming Guide the official guide to learning OpenGL, Version 2.1 OpenGL Infographie Computer graphics OpenGL (DE-588)4391716-1 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4391716-1
title	OpenGL Programming Guide the official guide to learning OpenGL, Version 2.1
title_auth	OpenGL Programming Guide the official guide to learning OpenGL, Version 2.1
title_exact_search	OpenGL Programming Guide the official guide to learning OpenGL, Version 2.1
title_exact_search_txtP	OpenGL Programming Guide the official guide to learning OpenGL, Version 2.1
title_full	OpenGL Programming Guide the official guide to learning OpenGL, Version 2.1 Dave Shreiner ...
title_fullStr	OpenGL Programming Guide the official guide to learning OpenGL, Version 2.1 Dave Shreiner ...
title_full_unstemmed	OpenGL Programming Guide the official guide to learning OpenGL, Version 2.1 Dave Shreiner ...
title_short	OpenGL Programming Guide
title_sort	opengl programming guide the official guide to learning opengl version 2 1
title_sub	the official guide to learning OpenGL, Version 2.1
topic	OpenGL Infographie Computer graphics OpenGL (DE-588)4391716-1 gnd
topic_facet	OpenGL Infographie Computer graphics
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