Molecular devices and machines: concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Weinheim
Wiley-VCH-Verl.
2008
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| Edition: | 2. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturangaben |
| Physical Description: | XXXVI, 546 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783527318001 3527318003 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Molecular devices and machines |b concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld |c Vincenzo Balzani, Alberto Credi and Margherita Venturi |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim |b Wiley-VCH-Verl. |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XXXVI, 546 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Contents
Preface to the Second Edition XV
Glossary XVII
List of Abbreviations XXXIII
I General Concepts 1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Devices and Machines at the Molecular Level 3
1.2 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 5
1.3 Supramolecular (Multicomponent) Chemistry 7
1.4 Top-Down (Large-Downward) Approach 10
1.5 Bottom-Up (Small-Upward) Approach 10
1.6 Bottom-up Molecule-by-Molecule Approach 11
1.7 Self-Organization and Covalent Synthetic Design 13
1.8 Energy and Signals 15
2 Processing Energy and Signals by Molecular and Supramolecular
Systems 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Molecular Electronics 25
2.3 Molecular Photonics 27
2.4 Molecular Chemionics 28
2.5 Molecular Electrophotonics 29
2.5.1 Solution Systems 30
2.5.2 Solid State 31
2.6 Molecular Electrochemionics 31
2.7 Molecular Photoelecrronics 33
2.7.1 Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Homogeneous Systems 33
2.7.2 Photoinduced Potential Generation in Heterogeneous Systems 33
2.8 Molecular Photochemionics 34
2.8.1 Proton Release or Uptake 35
Molecular Devices and Machines. Concepts and Perspectives for the Nanoworid. 2"** Ed.
Vincenzo Balzani, Alberto Credi, and Margherita Venturi
Copyright © 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim
ISBN: 978-3-527-31800-1
VI I Contents
2.8.2 Metal Ion Release 35
2.8.3 Anion Release 36
2.8.4 Molecule Release 36
2.8.5 Configurational Changes 37
2.9 Molecular Chemiophotonics 38
2.10 Molecular Chemioelectronics 38
2.11 Multiple Input/Processes 39
2.11.1 A Sequence of Two Chemical and a Photonic Inputs
Generating Photon Emission 39
2.11.2 Two Electrochemical Inputs in Parallel Generating a
Chemical and a Photonic Process in a Sequence 39
2.11.3 A Photonic Input Generating Parallel and Serial Processes 40
II Molecular Devices for Processing Electrons and
Electronic Energy 47
3 Fundamental Principles of Photoinduced Electron and
Energy Transfer 49
3.1 Molecular and Supramolecular Photochemistry 49
3.1.1 Molecular Photochemistry 49
3.1.2 Supramolecular Photochemistry 51
3.2 Electron Transfer 53
3.2.1 Marcus Theory 53
3.2.2 Quantum Mechanical Theory 56
3.2.2.1 The Electronic Factor 56
3.2.2.2 The Nuclear Factor 58
3.2.2.3 Optical Electron Transfer 59
3.3 Energy Transfer 60
3.3.1 Coulombic Mechanism 61
3.3.2 Exchange Mechanism 62
3.4 Role of the Bridge 63
4 Wires and Related Systems 69
4.1 Introduction 69
4.2 Conductivity Measurements 69
4.3 Electron-Transfer Processes at Electrodes 72
4.4 Wire-Type Systems Based on Photoinduced Charge Separation 73
4 A.I Introduction 73
4.4.2 Dyads, Triads, and Larger Systems 73
4.4.3 Covalently Linked Systems Containing Metal Complexes 75
4.4.4 Covalently Linked Systems Containing Porphyrins 79
4.4.5 Covalently Linked Systems Based on Organic Compounds 83
4.4.6 DNA and Related Systems 86
4.5 Heterogeneous Photoinduced Electron Transfer 88
Contents Vil
4.6 Energy Transfer 89
4.6.1 Covalently Linked Systems Containing Metal Complexes 89
4.6.2 Covalently Linked Systems Containing Porphyrins 93
4.6.3 Covalently Linked Systems Based on Organic Compounds 95
4.6.4 DNA and Related Systems 97
5 Switching Electron- and Energy-transfer Processes 207
5.1 Introduction 107
5.2 Switching of Electron-Transfer Processes 108
5.2.1 Photon Inputs 108
5.2.1.1 Long-lived Switching 109
5.2.1.2 Fast and Ultrafast Switching 112
5.2.2 Redox Inputs 136
5.2.3 Acid-Base Inputs 117
5.2.4 Other Factors 121
5.3 Switching of Energy-Transfer Processes 122
5.3.1 Photon Inputs 122
5.3.2 Redox Inputs 125
5.3.3 Acid-Base Inputs 125
5.3.4 Other Factors 127
6 Light Harvesting Antennae 135
6.1 Introduction 135
6.2 Natural Antenna Systems 136
6.3 Dendrimers 138
6.3.1 Porphyrin-Based Arrays and Dendrimers 139
6.3.1.1 Arrays 139
6.3.1.2 Dendrimers 143
6.3.2 Dendrimers Containing Metal Complexes 145
6.3.2.1 Metal Complexes as Cores 145
6.3.2.2 Metal Complexes in Each Branching Center 147
6.3.3 Dendrimers Based on Organic Chromophores 150
6.3.3.1 Poly(arylether) Dendrimers 150
6.3.3.2 Phenylacetylene Dendrons 250
6.3.3.3 Polyphenylene and Oligo(p-Phenylene Vinylene) Dendrimers 152
6.3.4 Host-Guest Systems 153
6.3.4.1 Hosting Organic Molecules 253
6.3.4.2 Hosting Metal Ions 156
6.4 Other Systems 259
6.4.1 Multichromophoric Cyclodextrins 260
6.4.2 Phthalocyanines 260
6.4.3 Metallosupramolecular Squares 260
6.4.4 Rotaxanes 161
6.4.5 Zeolites 162
6.4.6 Polyelectrolytes 262
VIII I Contents
6A.7 Polymers 262
6.4.8 Self-Assembly of Biological Structures 164
7 Solar Energy Conversion 171
7.1 Introduction 171
7.2 Natural Photosynthesis 173
7.2.1 Introduction 173
7.2.2 Bacterial Photosynthesis 174
7.2.3 Photosystem II 277
7.3 Artificial Photosynthesis 279
7.3.1 Introduction 279
7.3.2 Hydrogen Economy 279
7.3.3 Photochemical Water Splitting 180
7.3.4 Coupling Artificial Antennas and Reaction-Center Building
Blocks 282
7.3.4.1 Introduction 182
7.3.4.2 Systems Based on Organic Compounds and Porphyrins 183
7.3.4.3 Systems Based on Metal Complexes 188
7.3.5 Coupling Single-Photon Charge-Separation with Multi-Electron
Redox Processes 289
7.3.5.1 Introduction 189
7.3.5.2 Coupling Electron and Proton Transfer for Oxygen Evolution 290
7.3.5.3 Other Systems 193
7.3.6 Assembly Strategies 293
7.3.6.1 Introduction 293
7.3.6.2 Self-Assembly 193
7.3.6.3 Bilayer Membranes 295
7.4 Hybrid Systems 195
7A.I Hybrid Photosynthetic Reaction Center 195
7.4.2 Conversion of light to a Proton-Motive Force 196
7.4.3 Light-Driven Production of ATP 298
7.5 Conversion of light into Electricity by Photoelectrochemical Cells 2 99
III Memories, Logic Gates, and Related Systems 209
8 Bistable and Multistage Systems 222
8.1 Introduction 222
8.2 Energy Stimulation 222
8.2.1 Stimulation by Photons: Photochromic Systems 223
8.2.2 Stimulation by Electrons: Electrochromic Systems 226
8.3 Bistable Systems 217
8.3.1 Modulation of Host-Guest Interactions 217
8.3.2 Fluorescent Switches 228
8.3.3 Chiroptical Switches 229
Contents IX
8.3.4 Photochemical Biomolecular Switches 222
8.3.5 Redox Switches 223
8.3.6 Other Systems 224
8.4 Multistable Systems 225
8.4.1 Bi- and Multiphotochromic Supramolecular Systems 225
8.4.2 Photochemical Inputs Coupled with other Stimuli 226
8.4.2.1 Three-State Systems: Write-Lock-Read-Unlock-Erase Cycles 227
8.4.2.2 Ortogonal Photochemical-Electrochemical Stimulations 230
8.4.2.3 Ortogonal Photochemical-fAcid-Base) Stimulations 233
8.4.3 Multielectron Redox Processes 236
8.4.3.1 Systems with Equivalent Redox Units 238
8.4.3.2 Systems with Nonequivalent Redox Units 242
8.4.4 Electrochemical Inputs Coupled with Chemical Inputs 245
8.4.5 Multiple Chemical Inputs 246
9 Logic Gates and Circuits 259
9.1 Introduction 259
9.1.1 Information Processing Based on Electronics 259
9.1.2 Biological Information Processing 260
9.1.3 The Chemical Computer 260
9.2 Fundamental Concepts of Logic Gates 261
9.3 Molecular Switches as Logic Gates 263
9.3.1 Input/Output Signals 263
9.3.2 Reconfiguration, Superposition, and Integration 265
9.4 Basic Logic Gates 266
9.4.1 YES and NOT Gates 266
9.4.2 OR and NOR Gates 267
9.4.3 AND and NAND Gates 269
9.4.4 XOR and XNOR Gates 272
9.4.5 INH Gate 273
9.5 Combinational Logic Circuits 274
9.5.1 EnOR and EnNOR Functions 275
9.5.2 Other Functions 276
9.5.3 Signal Communication Between Molecular Switches 277
9.5.4 Half-Adder and Half-Subtractor 279
9.5.5 Full-Adder and Full-Subtracter 283
9.5.6 A Molecular 2-to-l Digital Multiplexer 287
9.6 Sequential Logic Circuits 288
9.6.1 Molecular Memories 289
9.6.2 A Molecular Keypad Lock 290
9.7 Neural-Type Systems 293
9.7.1 A Logic Device under Control of an Intrinsic Threshold Mechanism 293
9.7.2 A Perceptron-Type Scheme 295
9.8 Logic Devices Based on Biomolecules 296
9.9 Heterogeneous Systems 299
X| Contents
9.10 Applications of Molecular Logic 300
9.11 Conclusions 303
IV Molecular-Scale Mechanical Devices, Machines, and Motors 313
10 Basic Principles 315
10.1 Introduction 315
10.2 Biomolecular Machines and the Brownian Motion 316
10.3 Artificial Systems 317
10.3.1 Terms and Definitions 319
10.3.2 Mechanical Devices 320
10.3.3 Machines 321
10.3.4 Motors 322
10.4 Energy Supply 322
10.4.1 Chemical Energy 323
10.4.2 light Energy 324
10.4.3 Electrical Energy 325
10.5 Other Features 325
10.5.1 Motions 325
10.5.2 Control and Monitoring 326
10.5.3 Reset 326
10.5.4 Timescale 326
10.5.5 Functions 327
11 Spontaneous Mechanical-Like Motions 33J
11.1 Introduction 331
11.2 Rotors 33Í
11.3 Cogwheels 332
11.4 Gears 333
11.5 Paddle Wheels 335
11.6 Turnstiles 335
11.7 Brakes 337
11.8 Ratchets 338
11.9 Gyroscopes and Compasses 338
11.10 Other Motions 340
12 Movements Related to Opening, Closing, and Translocation
Functions 343
12.1 Introduction 343
12.2 Allosteric Movements 343
12.2.1 Allosteric Enzymes 343
12.2.2 Artificial Allosteric Systems 344
12.3 Tweezers and Harpoons 346
12.3.1 Tweezers 346
Contents XI
12.3.2 Harpoons and Related Systems 349
12 A Controlled Assembling-Disassembling of Host-Guest Systems 351
12.4.1 Introduction 351
12.4.2 Photoinduced Processes 352
12.4.3 Redox-Induced Processes 356
12.4.4 Chemically Induced Processes 360
12.5 Molecular Locks 361
12.6 Translocation of Metal Ions 362
12.6.1 Redox-Driven Processes 362
12.6.2 Acid-Base-Driven Processes 363
12.7 Ion Channels 364
12.7.1 Ion Transport in Nature 364
12.7.2 A Natural Proton pump 366
12.7.3 Artificial Ion Channels 368
12.7.3.1 Introduction 368
12.7.3.2 Modification of Natural Channel Formers 368
12.7.3.3 Ion Channels Based on Biopolymers 369
12.7.3.4 Synthetic Ion Channel Models 370
13 DNA-Based Nanomachines 381
13.1 Introduction 381
13.2 Important Features of DNA 382
13.2.1 Structural and Functional Properties of Single- and
Double-Stranded DNA 382
13.2.2 Construction of Multicomponent Nanostructures with DNA 384
13.2.3 Experimental Methods for the Characterization of DNA
Nanodevices 385
13.3 Simple Conformational Switches 386
13.3.1 Twisters 386
13.3.2 Tweezers 388
13.3.3 Other Systems 390
13.4 Walkers and Related Systems 391
13.5 Rotary Devices 394
13.6 Applications 395
14 Linear Movements 401
14.1 Introduction 401
14.2 Natural Linear Motors 401
14.3 Threading-Dethreading Movements 403
14.3.1 Introduction 403
14.3.2 Chemically Driven Movements 405
14.3.2.1 Systems Based on Metal-Iigand Bonds 405
14.3.2.2 Systems Based on Hydrogen Bonds and Electrostatic
Interactions 406
14.3.2.3 Systems Based on Donor-Acceptor Interactions 408
XII I Contents
14.3.3
14.3.4
14.4
14.4.1
14.4.2
14.4.2.1
14.4.2.2
14.4.2.3
14.4.2.4
14.4.2.5
14.4.3
14.4.4
14.4.4.1
14.4.4.2
14.4.4.3
14.4.5
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.4.1
15.4.1.1
15.4.1.2
15.4.1.3
15.4.2
15.4.2.1
15.4.2.2
15.4.2.3
15.4.3
15.4.3.1
15.4.3.2
15.4.3.3
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
Electrochemically Driven Movements 411
Photochemically Driven Movements 414
Linear Motions in Rotaxanes 418
Introduction 418
Chemically Driven Movements 420
Rotaxanes Based on Metal Complexes 420
Rotaxanes Based on Hydrogen Bonds and Donor-Acceptor
Interactions 422
Rotaxanes Based on Cucurbituril 425
Rotaxanes Based on Cydodextrins 426
Other Systems 427
Electrochemically Driven Movements 427
Photochemically Driven Movements 431
Rotaxanes Based on Metal Complexes 431
Systems Based on Photoisomerization Reactions 431
Systems Based on Photoinduced Electron Transfer 433
Allowing/Preventing Ring Motion 437
Rotary Motions 453
Introduction 453
Natural Rotary Motors 453
Hybrid Rotary Motors 455
Rotary Movements in Artificial Systems 457
Chemically Driven Processes 458
Rotation Around a -C-C- Single Bond 458
Ring Switching Processes in Rotaxanes and Catenanes 460
Control of Rotation Around a Metal Ion in Sandwich-Type
Compounds 464
Electrochemically Driven Processes 466
Ring Switching Processes in Rotaxanes 466
Ring-Switching Processes in Catenanes 467
Control of Rotation Around a Metal Ion in Sandwich-Type
Compounds 471
Photochemically Driven Processes 472
Unidirectional Rotation Around a -C=C- Double Bond 472
Ring Switching Processes in Catenanes 476
Unidirectional Rotation in Catenanes 477
From Solution to Heterogeneous Systems
Introduction 489
Rotary Motors on Surfaces 490
Molecular Valves 492
Molecular Muscles 493
Molecular Motion Driven by STM 495
Hybrid Bio-Nanodevices 498
489
Contents XIII
16.7 Propelling Micrometer Objects 498
16.8 Changing Surface Properties 500
16.9 Threaded and Interlocked Compounds on Surfaces 500
16.10 Interlocked Compounds in Solid State Devices 507
Science and Society 517
17 The Role of Science in Our Time 519
17.1 Introduction 519
17.2 Science Will Never End 519
17.3 A Fragile World 520
17.4 An Unsustainable Growth 521
17.5 An Unequal World 521
17.6 The Role of Scientists 522
17.7 Conclusions 523
Subject Index 527 |
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface to the Second Edition XV
Glossary XVII
List of Abbreviations XXXIII
I General Concepts 1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Devices and Machines at the Molecular Level 3
1.2 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 5
1.3 Supramolecular (Multicomponent) Chemistry 7
1.4 Top-Down (Large-Downward) Approach 10
1.5 Bottom-Up (Small-Upward) Approach 10
1.6 Bottom-up Molecule-by-Molecule Approach 11
1.7 Self-Organization and Covalent Synthetic Design 13
1.8 Energy and Signals 15
2 Processing Energy and Signals by Molecular and Supramolecular
Systems 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Molecular Electronics 25
2.3 Molecular Photonics 27
2.4 Molecular Chemionics 28
2.5 Molecular Electrophotonics 29
2.5.1 Solution Systems 30
2.5.2 Solid State 31
2.6 Molecular Electrochemionics 31
2.7 Molecular Photoelecrronics 33
2.7.1 Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Homogeneous Systems 33
2.7.2 Photoinduced Potential Generation in Heterogeneous Systems 33
2.8 Molecular Photochemionics 34
2.8.1 Proton Release or Uptake 35
Molecular Devices and Machines. Concepts and Perspectives for the Nanoworid. 2"** Ed.
Vincenzo Balzani, Alberto Credi, and Margherita Venturi
Copyright © 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim
ISBN: 978-3-527-31800-1
VI I Contents
2.8.2 Metal Ion Release 35
2.8.3 Anion Release 36
2.8.4 Molecule Release 36
2.8.5 Configurational Changes 37
2.9 Molecular Chemiophotonics 38
2.10 Molecular Chemioelectronics 38
2.11 Multiple Input/Processes 39
2.11.1 A Sequence of Two Chemical and a Photonic Inputs
Generating Photon Emission 39
2.11.2 Two Electrochemical Inputs in Parallel Generating a
Chemical and a Photonic Process in a Sequence 39
2.11.3 A Photonic Input Generating Parallel and Serial Processes 40
II Molecular Devices for Processing Electrons and
Electronic Energy 47
3 Fundamental Principles of Photoinduced Electron and
Energy Transfer 49
3.1 Molecular and Supramolecular Photochemistry 49
3.1.1 Molecular Photochemistry 49
3.1.2 Supramolecular Photochemistry 51
3.2 Electron Transfer 53
3.2.1 Marcus Theory 53
3.2.2 Quantum Mechanical Theory 56
3.2.2.1 The Electronic Factor 56
3.2.2.2 The Nuclear Factor 58
3.2.2.3 Optical Electron Transfer 59
3.3 Energy Transfer 60
3.3.1 Coulombic Mechanism 61
3.3.2 Exchange Mechanism 62
3.4 Role of the Bridge 63
4 Wires and Related Systems 69
4.1 Introduction 69
4.2 Conductivity Measurements 69
4.3 Electron-Transfer Processes at Electrodes 72
4.4 Wire-Type Systems Based on Photoinduced Charge Separation 73
4 A.I Introduction 73
4.4.2 Dyads, Triads, and Larger Systems 73
4.4.3 Covalently Linked Systems Containing Metal Complexes 75
4.4.4 Covalently Linked Systems Containing Porphyrins 79
4.4.5 Covalently Linked Systems Based on Organic Compounds 83
4.4.6 DNA and Related Systems 86
4.5 Heterogeneous Photoinduced Electron Transfer 88
Contents Vil
4.6 Energy Transfer 89
4.6.1 Covalently Linked Systems Containing Metal Complexes 89
4.6.2 Covalently Linked Systems Containing Porphyrins 93
4.6.3 Covalently Linked Systems Based on Organic Compounds 95
4.6.4 DNA and Related Systems 97
5 Switching Electron- and Energy-transfer Processes 207
5.1 Introduction 107
5.2 Switching of Electron-Transfer Processes 108
5.2.1 Photon Inputs 108
5.2.1.1 Long-lived Switching 109
5.2.1.2 Fast and Ultrafast Switching 112
5.2.2 Redox Inputs 136
5.2.3 Acid-Base Inputs 117
5.2.4 Other Factors 121
5.3 Switching of Energy-Transfer Processes 122
5.3.1 Photon Inputs 122
5.3.2 Redox Inputs 125
5.3.3 Acid-Base Inputs 125
5.3.4 Other Factors 127
6 Light Harvesting Antennae 135
6.1 Introduction 135
6.2 Natural Antenna Systems 136
6.3 Dendrimers 138
6.3.1 Porphyrin-Based Arrays and Dendrimers 139
6.3.1.1 Arrays 139
6.3.1.2 Dendrimers 143
6.3.2 Dendrimers Containing Metal Complexes 145
6.3.2.1 Metal Complexes as Cores 145
6.3.2.2 Metal Complexes in Each Branching Center 147
6.3.3 Dendrimers Based on Organic Chromophores 150
6.3.3.1 Poly(arylether) Dendrimers 150
6.3.3.2 Phenylacetylene Dendrons 250
6.3.3.3 Polyphenylene and Oligo(p-Phenylene Vinylene) Dendrimers 152
6.3.4 Host-Guest Systems 153
6.3.4.1 Hosting Organic Molecules 253
6.3.4.2 Hosting Metal Ions 156
6.4 Other Systems 259
6.4.1 Multichromophoric Cyclodextrins 260
6.4.2 Phthalocyanines 260
6.4.3 Metallosupramolecular Squares 260
6.4.4 Rotaxanes 161
6.4.5 Zeolites 162
6.4.6 Polyelectrolytes 262
VIII I Contents
6A.7 Polymers 262
6.4.8 Self-Assembly of Biological Structures 164
7 Solar Energy Conversion 171
7.1 Introduction 171
7.2 Natural Photosynthesis 173
7.2.1 Introduction 173
7.2.2 Bacterial Photosynthesis 174
7.2.3 Photosystem II 277
7.3 Artificial Photosynthesis 279
7.3.1 Introduction 279
7.3.2 Hydrogen Economy 279
7.3.3 Photochemical Water Splitting 180
7.3.4 Coupling Artificial Antennas and Reaction-Center Building
Blocks 282
7.3.4.1 Introduction 182
7.3.4.2 Systems Based on Organic Compounds and Porphyrins 183
7.3.4.3 Systems Based on Metal Complexes 188
7.3.5 Coupling Single-Photon Charge-Separation with Multi-Electron
Redox Processes 289
7.3.5.1 Introduction 189
7.3.5.2 Coupling Electron and Proton Transfer for Oxygen Evolution 290
7.3.5.3 Other Systems 193
7.3.6 Assembly Strategies 293
7.3.6.1 Introduction 293
7.3.6.2 Self-Assembly 193
7.3.6.3 Bilayer Membranes 295
7.4 Hybrid Systems 195
7A.I Hybrid Photosynthetic Reaction Center 195
7.4.2 Conversion of light to a Proton-Motive Force 196
7.4.3 Light-Driven Production of ATP 298
7.5 Conversion of light into Electricity by Photoelectrochemical Cells 2 99
III Memories, Logic Gates, and Related Systems 209
8 Bistable and Multistage Systems 222
8.1 Introduction 222
8.2 Energy Stimulation 222
8.2.1 Stimulation by Photons: Photochromic Systems 223
8.2.2 Stimulation by Electrons: Electrochromic Systems 226
8.3 Bistable Systems 217
8.3.1 Modulation of Host-Guest Interactions 217
8.3.2 Fluorescent Switches 228
8.3.3 Chiroptical Switches 229
Contents IX
8.3.4 Photochemical Biomolecular Switches 222
8.3.5 Redox Switches 223
8.3.6 Other Systems 224
8.4 Multistable Systems 225
8.4.1 Bi- and Multiphotochromic Supramolecular Systems 225
8.4.2 Photochemical Inputs Coupled with other Stimuli 226
8.4.2.1 Three-State Systems: Write-Lock-Read-Unlock-Erase Cycles 227
8.4.2.2 Ortogonal Photochemical-Electrochemical Stimulations 230
8.4.2.3 Ortogonal Photochemical-fAcid-Base) Stimulations 233
8.4.3 Multielectron Redox Processes 236
8.4.3.1 Systems with Equivalent Redox Units 238
8.4.3.2 Systems with Nonequivalent Redox Units 242
8.4.4 Electrochemical Inputs Coupled with Chemical Inputs 245
8.4.5 Multiple Chemical Inputs 246
9 Logic Gates and Circuits 259
9.1 Introduction 259
9.1.1 Information Processing Based on Electronics 259
9.1.2 Biological Information Processing 260
9.1.3 The Chemical Computer 260
9.2 Fundamental Concepts of Logic Gates 261
9.3 Molecular Switches as Logic Gates 263
9.3.1 Input/Output Signals 263
9.3.2 Reconfiguration, Superposition, and Integration 265
9.4 Basic Logic Gates 266
9.4.1 YES and NOT Gates 266
9.4.2 OR and NOR Gates 267
9.4.3 AND and NAND Gates 269
9.4.4 XOR and XNOR Gates 272
9.4.5 INH Gate 273
9.5 Combinational Logic Circuits 274
9.5.1 EnOR and EnNOR Functions 275
9.5.2 Other Functions 276
9.5.3 Signal Communication Between Molecular Switches 277
9.5.4 Half-Adder and Half-Subtractor 279
9.5.5 Full-Adder and Full-Subtracter 283
9.5.6 A Molecular 2-to-l Digital Multiplexer 287
9.6 Sequential Logic Circuits 288
9.6.1 Molecular Memories 289
9.6.2 A Molecular Keypad Lock 290
9.7 Neural-Type Systems 293
9.7.1 A Logic Device under Control of an Intrinsic Threshold Mechanism 293
9.7.2 A Perceptron-Type Scheme 295
9.8 Logic Devices Based on Biomolecules 296
9.9 Heterogeneous Systems 299
X| Contents
9.10 Applications of Molecular Logic 300
9.11 Conclusions 303
IV Molecular-Scale Mechanical Devices, Machines, and Motors 313
10 Basic Principles 315
10.1 Introduction 315
10.2 Biomolecular Machines and the Brownian Motion 316
10.3 Artificial Systems 317
10.3.1 Terms and Definitions 319
10.3.2 Mechanical Devices 320
10.3.3 Machines 321
10.3.4 Motors 322
10.4 Energy Supply 322
10.4.1 Chemical Energy 323
10.4.2 light Energy 324
10.4.3 Electrical Energy 325
10.5 Other Features 325
10.5.1 Motions 325
10.5.2 Control and Monitoring 326
10.5.3 Reset 326
10.5.4 Timescale 326
10.5.5 Functions 327
11 Spontaneous Mechanical-Like Motions 33J
11.1 Introduction 331
11.2 Rotors 33Í
11.3 Cogwheels 332
11.4 Gears 333
11.5 Paddle Wheels 335
11.6 Turnstiles 335
11.7 Brakes 337
11.8 Ratchets 338
11.9 Gyroscopes and Compasses 338
11.10 Other Motions 340
12 Movements Related to Opening, Closing, and Translocation
Functions 343
12.1 Introduction 343
12.2 Allosteric Movements 343
12.2.1 Allosteric Enzymes 343
12.2.2 Artificial Allosteric Systems 344
12.3 Tweezers and Harpoons 346
12.3.1 Tweezers 346
Contents XI
12.3.2 Harpoons and Related Systems 349
12 A Controlled Assembling-Disassembling of Host-Guest Systems 351
12.4.1 Introduction 351
12.4.2 Photoinduced Processes 352
12.4.3 Redox-Induced Processes 356
12.4.4 Chemically Induced Processes 360
12.5 Molecular Locks 361
12.6 Translocation of Metal Ions 362
12.6.1 Redox-Driven Processes 362
12.6.2 Acid-Base-Driven Processes 363
12.7 Ion Channels 364
12.7.1 Ion Transport in Nature 364
12.7.2 A Natural Proton pump 366
12.7.3 Artificial Ion Channels 368
12.7.3.1 Introduction 368
12.7.3.2 Modification of Natural Channel Formers 368
12.7.3.3 Ion Channels Based on Biopolymers 369
12.7.3.4 Synthetic Ion Channel Models 370
13 DNA-Based Nanomachines 381
13.1 Introduction 381
13.2 Important Features of DNA 382
13.2.1 Structural and Functional Properties of Single- and
Double-Stranded DNA 382
13.2.2 Construction of Multicomponent Nanostructures with DNA 384
13.2.3 Experimental Methods for the Characterization of DNA
Nanodevices 385
13.3 Simple Conformational Switches 386
13.3.1 Twisters 386
13.3.2 Tweezers 388
13.3.3 Other Systems 390
13.4 Walkers and Related Systems 391
13.5 Rotary Devices 394
13.6 Applications 395
14 Linear Movements 401
14.1 Introduction 401
14.2 Natural Linear Motors 401
14.3 Threading-Dethreading Movements 403
14.3.1 Introduction 403
14.3.2 Chemically Driven Movements 405
14.3.2.1 Systems Based on Metal-Iigand Bonds 405
14.3.2.2 Systems Based on Hydrogen Bonds and Electrostatic
Interactions 406
14.3.2.3 Systems Based on Donor-Acceptor Interactions 408
XII I Contents
14.3.3
14.3.4
14.4
14.4.1
14.4.2
14.4.2.1
14.4.2.2
14.4.2.3
14.4.2.4
14.4.2.5
14.4.3
14.4.4
14.4.4.1
14.4.4.2
14.4.4.3
14.4.5
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.4.1
15.4.1.1
15.4.1.2
15.4.1.3
15.4.2
15.4.2.1
15.4.2.2
15.4.2.3
15.4.3
15.4.3.1
15.4.3.2
15.4.3.3
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
Electrochemically Driven Movements 411
Photochemically Driven Movements 414
Linear Motions in Rotaxanes 418
Introduction 418
Chemically Driven Movements 420
Rotaxanes Based on Metal Complexes 420
Rotaxanes Based on Hydrogen Bonds and Donor-Acceptor
Interactions 422
Rotaxanes Based on Cucurbituril 425
Rotaxanes Based on Cydodextrins 426
Other Systems 427
Electrochemically Driven Movements 427
Photochemically Driven Movements 431
Rotaxanes Based on Metal Complexes 431
Systems Based on Photoisomerization Reactions 431
Systems Based on Photoinduced Electron Transfer 433
Allowing/Preventing Ring Motion 437
Rotary Motions 453
Introduction 453
Natural Rotary Motors 453
Hybrid Rotary Motors 455
Rotary Movements in Artificial Systems 457
Chemically Driven Processes 458
Rotation Around a -C-C- Single Bond 458
Ring Switching Processes in Rotaxanes and Catenanes 460
Control of Rotation Around a Metal Ion in Sandwich-Type
Compounds 464
Electrochemically Driven Processes 466
Ring Switching Processes in Rotaxanes 466
Ring-Switching Processes in Catenanes 467
Control of Rotation Around a Metal Ion in Sandwich-Type
Compounds 471
Photochemically Driven Processes 472
Unidirectional Rotation Around a -C=C- Double Bond 472
Ring Switching Processes in Catenanes 476
Unidirectional Rotation in Catenanes 477
From Solution to Heterogeneous Systems
Introduction 489
Rotary Motors on Surfaces 490
Molecular Valves 492
Molecular Muscles 493
Molecular Motion Driven by STM 495
Hybrid Bio-Nanodevices 498
489
Contents XIII
16.7 Propelling Micrometer Objects 498
16.8 Changing Surface Properties 500
16.9 Threaded and Interlocked Compounds on Surfaces 500
16.10 Interlocked Compounds in Solid State Devices 507
Science and Society 517
17 The Role of Science in Our Time 519
17.1 Introduction 519
17.2 Science Will Never End 519
17.3 A Fragile World 520
17.4 An Unsustainable Growth 521
17.5 An Unequal World 521
17.6 The Role of Scientists 522
17.7 Conclusions 523
Subject Index 527 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Balzani, Vincenzo 1936- Credi, Alberto Venturi, Margherita |
| author_GND | (DE-588)10907811X |
| author_facet | Balzani, Vincenzo 1936- Credi, Alberto Venturi, Margherita |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Balzani, Vincenzo 1936- |
| author_variant | v b vb a c ac m v mv |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023287147 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | T174 |
| callnumber-raw | T174.7 |
| callnumber-search | T174.7 |
| callnumber-sort | T 3174.7 |
| callnumber-subject | T - General Technology |
| classification_rvk | UP 3150 UV 4400 VK 7150 WD 2200 ZN 3700 ZN 3750 ZN 4980 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)213381441 (DE-599)DNB987555766 |
| dewey-full | 620.5 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| dewey-raw | 620.5 |
| dewey-search | 620.5 |
| dewey-sort | 3620.5 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Biologie Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Biologie Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023287147 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:42:00Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:39:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783527318001 3527318003 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Balzani, Vincenzo 1936- Verfasser (DE-588)10907811X aut Molecular devices and machines concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld Vincenzo Balzani, Alberto Credi and Margherita Venturi 2. ed. Weinheim Wiley-VCH-Verl. 2008 XXXVI, 546 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Molecular electronics Nanotechnology Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 gnd rswk-swf Supramolekulare Chemie (DE-588)4306141-2 gnd rswk-swf Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 s Supramolekulare Chemie (DE-588)4306141-2 s DE-604 Credi, Alberto Verfasser aut Venturi, Margherita Verfasser aut text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3070195&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016471826&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Balzani, Vincenzo 1936- Credi, Alberto Venturi, Margherita Molecular devices and machines concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld Molecular electronics Nanotechnology Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 gnd Supramolekulare Chemie (DE-588)4306141-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4327470-5 (DE-588)4306141-2 |
| title | Molecular devices and machines concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld |
| title_auth | Molecular devices and machines concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld |
| title_exact_search | Molecular devices and machines concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Molecular devices and machines concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld |
| title_full | Molecular devices and machines concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld Vincenzo Balzani, Alberto Credi and Margherita Venturi |
| title_fullStr | Molecular devices and machines concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld Vincenzo Balzani, Alberto Credi and Margherita Venturi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular devices and machines concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld Vincenzo Balzani, Alberto Credi and Margherita Venturi |
| title_short | Molecular devices and machines |
| title_sort | molecular devices and machines concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld |
| title_sub | concepts and perspectives for the nanoworld |
| topic | Molecular electronics Nanotechnology Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 gnd Supramolekulare Chemie (DE-588)4306141-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Molecular electronics Nanotechnology Nanotechnologie Supramolekulare Chemie |
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