Izbjanaja liturgija: kniga o russkoj izbe
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Moskva
Opolo
2002
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Drevnerusskoe derevjannoe zodčestvo
2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | PT: Book about russian izbas. - In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The izba liturgy |
| Beschreibung: | 510 S. überw. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 5889640038 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Opolovnikov, Aleksandr V. |d 1911-1994 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)124764266 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Izbjanaja liturgija |b kniga o russkoj izbe |c A. V. Opolovnikov ; E. A. Opolovnikova |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Book about russian izbas |
| 264 | 1 | |a Moskva |b Opolo |c 2002 | |
| 300 | |a 510 S. |b überw. Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 336 | |b sti |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Drevnerusskoe derevjannoe zodčestvo |v 2 | |
| 500 | |a PT: Book about russian izbas. - In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The izba liturgy | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1947-2000 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Holzhaus |0 (DE-588)4137595-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Hütte |0 (DE-588)4166558-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Geschichte 1947-2000 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Opolovnikova, Elena A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Drevnerusskoe derevjannoe zodčestvo |v 2 |w (DE-604)BV012479021 |9 2 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016457064&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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| 942 | 1 | 1 | |e 22/bsb |g 471 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137586348785664 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | 508
The izba liturgy
A book about Russian izbas
The image of the Izba Liturgy, borrowed from the famous Russian poet Sergei Ycscnin, determines thespa
-
cial-architectural phenomenon of an
oki
Russian village. Liturgy implies common cause and common prayer.
United by common architectural style and principles of composition log houses constituted, together with
a towering church or chapel on a hill, a general spatial ensemble, striving in prayer to the sky, in search of God.
Everything there was permeated with the comprehensive meaning and the general idea of world outlook and
contemplation. That was the wooden Jerusalem of Russia.
Transformation of spatial-architectural integrity of old Russian settlements goes as far back as the late 17ih
century in Russia, the period of radical reforms and changes in Russian mode of life performed by Tsar Peter
I. By the early 20th century traditional Russian settlements had been preserved only in the North of Russia, and
by the mid-iOth century
(
in its remotest regions, in a distorted fragmentary state. Similar villages do not actu¬
ally exist in this country now. Architectural basis of the izba liturgy is the Russian izba
(
log house
),
the oldest
national
dwelling.
Russian izba symbolises Russia in minute details. Its destiny largely resembles the destiny of all Russians:
once highly original and rather durable, reflecting imaginary, spiritual mode of thinking peculiar to its creators,
it has turned, with the passage of time, into a faceless mixture of notions and ideas about beauty, environment
and dwelling space. The sense of harmony has disappeared, and outward decorativeness and senseless orna¬
mentation took the place ofstrict proportionality of the whole and its separate parts.
Spiritless
dich
of
standardisation
has firmly established even in the farthest nooks of the vast Russian terri¬
tory. General standards reigned supreme in the minds of the majority of Russians gradually and definitely losing
the power of profound imaginary thinking.
The notion of the Russian izba has not only architectural connotation such as building technique, but
those of the mode of life as a system of aesthetic and ethic ideas born by the Russian land and the Christian ide¬
ology of the people. It is no accident that the Russian word krestyanin (peasant
)
is derived from the ancient
word Christian. Not only peasant huts but nobility houses and royal palaces were built of wood in old Russia.
Λ
wooden palace in
Kołomenskoyc
near Moscow, belonging toTsar Aicxei Mikhailovich which was being built
fora period of more than ten years from
1667
till
1681,
ranks among the most glorious masterpieces ofwood-
en architecture. The palace was destroyed a century later, when fashionable Russian society began to despise
log building and had their houses built either of stone or of wood used merely as building material copying the
forms of the predominant architectural style. Wooden texture was carefully hidden with plaster, painting, or
wall-paper. Many contemporary houses looked as If built of stone though were wooden, like the palace of
Count Sheremctycv in Ostankino.
Genuine Russian izbas came down to us clue to the eternal loyalty of Russian peasants to old traditions,
typical national wooden houses remained and continued to appear in the remote parts of the country up to
the revolution of
1917.
Social upheavals summed up and then transformed into life with horrifying clarity the
anti-Christian unrighteous changes which
liad
been ripening in Russia throughout long preceding years.
Soviet attack at Russian villages came as a sinister clot of all previous evil of our life. Thus traditional peasant
mode of life characterised by unfussy dignity and elegiac composition of old villages
—
the wooden «people s
Jerusalem» (as
N.
Klyuev put it) has completely disappeared from Russian realities. Has it gone forever?
We arc far from calling on our contemporaries to turn back to «outdated museum exhibits like a silicon rl-
•
Λ.ν.
Kartashov. flc instead of a gun», to quote
A-V. Kanashov,
an outstanding philosopher from Russian immigration*. We urge
Rccoiuimciion of Hie Holy l0 cognise the central meaning of the Early Russian wooden architecture, which will facilitate in our opinion
llnssJa. Moscow.
1992.
c
, , ,.,,,,.. ,
cognition of the meaning of our life, unchangeable in time and space,
Since time immemorial began they to build in
Rus
«according to the «model and likeness», «as usual», «as in
olden times». They respected their forefathers ideology and strengthened themselves with this knowledge.
Simultaneously all structures
—
either big or small
—
were not stable permanent models, unchanged in time
and space. Their form and composition improved with the progress of people s building technique. But un¬
changed remained the very essence of this technique born by their attitude to life. It consisted in the unity of
usefulness and beauty, which did not exist independently, Only that which could improve man s life was con¬
sidered useful and beautiful. Improvement of lire implied spiritual evolution of a personality and his approach
to the absolute ideal
—
Cod. The notions of freedom and human happiness and consequently of the beauty of
life were inseparable from the concept of this ideal, Trifles, unimportant things and ideas could not exist both
in art and in everyday life. All of them acquired meaningful significance as particles-steps of the developing
consciousness. In the end the whole earthly life of Man, according to old conceptions, presented a test of sorts,
509
Ι .ιιι
ì
■
ui
si
ruggii-
freeing man from dark impulses of the primordial world -and in this way improving this world
■
Ί
nur,, ihr
apparent simplicity of folk thinking conceals great wisdom of the dialectics of nature. People
І<мшііющ
nature; comprehending its secrets, scrutinising and considering solutions, and reflected them in
ilkir work, primarily in dwelling,
Restoration of old building traditions, as constituents of the general wisdom and harmony of life, is based
n< >t on blind imitation of forms but on the analysis of architectural images
und
their message, full of
«originai
mysteries ol Hellenic ideology»
(O. Mandelshtam),
whole comprehension helps us understand the sources of
the falsehood of Russian realities.
yp ut as certain mode of life dic¬
tating the mode of construction.
Wha
dent time and in the later historical periods. The distinctive feature of the book is that it presents architectural
masterpieces in their places, which is absolutely impossible now. Several decades or sometimes over
halfa
cen¬
tury ago Academician A.V. Opolovnikov, (he biding specialist in restoration
οι
Early Russian wooden archi¬
tecture a nd the older co-author of the book, had an opportunity to discover and examine these masterpieces.
At present the authentic Russian izbas, and not their distorted or stylised variants, have preserved only in
the open-air museums, The authors of the book will acquaint Its readers with their finds and the results of their
research.
Russian folk dwelling differed depending on places and time of its construction. Thus in the central re¬
gions of the country houses were smaller than in the North. A peculiar method of building homes had taken
shape in Siberia where peasant household resembled a mini-fortress, protected by a blank fence from the
surrounding woi Jd.
Such outbuildings as sheds, bathhouses, barns, fences and other smaller architectural forms will surely at¬
tract the readers attention. No less space in the book will be allotted to the earliest and simplest log hut
—
zl-
movye. Smaller houses built near izbas for the family to move in during wintertime are called zimovye in
Siberia even now. The same words can be used to describe small shooting-boxes till recently encountered in
Siberian taiga. But gradually not
а
trace is being left of the taiga in the proper sense. Plain thin underbrush is
confidently taking the place of once thick woods. It will take this undergrowth at least a century to reach the
size of the taiga.
Understanding of the true beauty of life
wili
not come back immediately. Russian people wiii have to per¬
ceive the uncognised truth about life and their role in it.
Description of Russian izbas and their architectural and construction peculiarities is vivified in the book by
continual comparisons and parallels of forms and contents, subjects and phenomena, past and present... The
text is interspersed with short citations from literary classics and comments by famous philosophers which
give an integral picture of the past Russian culture. Consequently the image-bearing system of architecture can
be perceived by the readers not as an abstract though fascinating compositional scheme but as a spiritualised
life reality. More so the core of the Christianity not confined within the limits of moralising-ritual canons which
can be understood by contemporary readers, impoverished by their overwhelming knowledge, as abstract,
ís
satiated with quite real forms of its earthly personification.
Such are the most general outlines of the book about Russian izbas offered for the readers consideration.
The research is based on unique materials from archives of OPOLO Publishers being collected for more
than three quarters of a century (the summarised age of the co-authors), including a great number of colour
and black and white photos of artistic monuments with details, measured drawings, graphic reconstructions,
skilfully made by A V. Opolovnikov, archive and literary materials on the history and ethnography of Russia.
The readers will receive a graphic idea of Russian history in its material aspect, and of its ideological mean¬
ing and will be able to successfully use this information in modern construction of various wooden staictures
and their interior decoration (which is the last but not the least advantage of our research for today practice).
The importance of unpainted, unpolished wood, emitting forest smells, earthly wisdom and the limitless love
of the sunny sky for health cannot be overestimated if to judge by a great number of well-known or unknown
giants of thought and spirit brought up in natural environment. They were also fairly shared with good health.
The book dealing with Russian izbas continued OPOLO s project on acquainting the readers with Old
Russian wooden architecture, The project began with the fundamental work under the title «Old Obdorsk and
the Arctic Towns-Legends** which was unique because the theme of the development of town-building be¬
yond the Polar Circle was raised in scientific literature for the first time. Hardly anyone will have an opportuni¬
ty to carry on this research in the future.
Each book from the above-mentioned cycle, «The Izba Liturgy. Book about Russian Izbas* included, can be
described as historical and educational publication representing in fact a new genre of sci-fi writing on Russian
culture in general and on the history of architecture in particular.
The book is supplied with detailed bibliography, a list of plates, geographical and bibliographical indexes as
well as with English captions.
Briefcontentsofthebook:
LUte life itself... Towards beginning.
Quotation of S. Frank, one of Russian philosophers living abroad in immigration, who wrote about
Pushkin that he was «like life itself, finding a voice of his own», was used for the title of the introduction. The
same characterisation fully reveals the peculiar tea
tures
of Russian izbas; they arc like life itself, acquiring mate-
*
Soon after the book was
published it won the con¬
test «One hundred best-sell¬
ers of Russia· sponsored nt
(lie
Inte nial
¡n n
al ltook
ťal r
In
September
1998,
and also
became the Ian rente of
lho
6th Russia s •Creativiiy- JS·
ľcstlval
organised by
tlie
Architects Union. It was
awarded the gold medal
of the
nässla
as well.
510---------------------------------------------------
rial form. Introduction goes deep into the history of Russia and aims at perceiving the
idťolt
ψ,ίού
con: or
<
Md
Russian wooden architecture, which is interpreted as the materialised cross-section of the history
nť
Rust-ian
people and their world outlook.
Russian izba presents a collective image of the basic part of peculiar Christian culture whose importance
goes far beyond the borders of vast Russia. It consist not of vague strange rarities, dilapidated, distorted to ug¬
liness or honorary growing old in museums but of «live bread and water indispensable for the future* (the Rev.
Sergei Bulgakov).
The Izba liturgy
In the beginning narration focuses on the most ancient and simple log-huts. They are described on the ex¬
ample of forest shooting-boxes and Yakut fortified barns imitating architectural
principies
employed in
Cossack fortresses and winter huts built in the period of exploitation of Siberia.
The authors are also dealing with a unique settlement beyond the Polar Circle, Russian Ustye situated near
the Arctic Ocean coast in the lower reaches of the Indigirka. As early as in the 16th century, in the reign of Tsar
Ivan the Terrible, representatives of great noble families
—
the Kiselyovs, the Chukhichevs, the Skopins, the
Shchelkanovs to name but a few
—
founded six settlements making their escape from royal oprichniks pursue.
Further on leaving behind a simple shooting-box with a neighbouring storehouse «on hen s legs» and log
footway we reach a forest road leading to a traditional Russian settlement. Planked bridges across picturesque
streams and rivers, pole fences, small chapels at the road attract the readers attention.
The first buildings immediately catching the eye
—
all these izbas, mills, barns and baths on the riverside
lead to contemplation of the supreme element of the whole ensemble, the church complex, conquering the
hearts with peace and calmness...
Analytical comprehension of beauty replaces sensual perception. Log framework makes the base of all
houses. Everywhere wood is employed not only as a building material but also as a material of art. «The will of
material itself» (the Rev. Pavel Florensky) is revealed in every building like in a genuine work of art. And the
whole spatial composition of a village is based on the prototype, Celestial Jerusalem, transferring in its earthly
image into the world-embracing (catholic) assembly (Prince Yevgeny Trubetskoi), into the integral architec¬
tural-natural ensemble.
The Izbas of Russia
Lots of Russian izbas, situated in various nooks of the country, big and small, complex in their composi¬
tional solution and most simple, lavishly decorated or completely devoid of any ornamentation, united
in a pleasant courtyard or isolated, arc examined in this chapter.
Majority of architectural pieces shown in the book have disappeared from the face of the Earth and the vil¬
lages they made are no more. Old
Siberian
fortified houses standing on the banks of the Angara way back in the
1
960s were visual reflection of worthy life, inseparably connected with the memory of generations. Soon af¬
terwards the houses were flooded with waters of man-made Bratskoye and Ilimskoye seas.
Many izbas were removed to the open-air museums: Kizhi, Malye Korely near Arkhangelsk, Vitoslavlitsy
near
Veliký
Novgorod; to Vladimir, Vologda, Irkutsk, Kostroma, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Tver regional mu¬
seums. Every house had its own unique appearance and a sad destiny of its own.
Architectural peculiarities are depicted against the background of past Russian realities with the typical
tenor and characteristic features, connected with people s dreams and philosophy, with their ideas of beauty
and the truth, former pagan beliefs and Christian dogmas adopted by Russia.
Drastic changes in the traditional mode oflife resulted in tearing Russians away from perception and cre¬
ation of the beauty oflife. It is a known fact (scientifically proved) that spiritual power charge put in any cre¬
ation can penetrate into responsive human heart. That is why the positive energy of Russian izbas reflecting
healthy life inspired with love and faith and filled with mutual understanding, support and tolerance, will sure¬
ly purify our heart and reason.
Parts of the Whole
The authors describe all elements and details of Russian log-houses and outbuildings superb in architec¬
tural and artistic respect and quite suitable for application in modern construction, such as various types of
roofing, porches (open or covered, one— or two-sided), galleries, balconies, windows and platbands, doors, or¬
namentation and carving of the pillars, fences and gates, fragments and characteristic features of interior dec¬
oration (icons, stoves, benches, tables and household utensils).
Towards the End and Beginning-
Years Pass by...
This is a fascinating, fiction-like description of the authors experience in restoration of wooden archi¬
tectural masterpieces, in revival of ancient images and their practical application under modern conditions
not in the form of museum exhibits or tourist attractions but as comfortable, useful and beautiful country
structures on private plots of land. The Christian postulate denying dejection as a sin and proclaiming that
faith, if it hath not works, is dead, promised that all tortures inspired with creative impulses will lead to final
happiness.
|
| adam_txt |
508
The izba liturgy
A book about Russian izbas
The image of the Izba Liturgy, borrowed from the famous Russian poet Sergei Ycscnin, determines thespa
-
cial-architectural phenomenon of an
oki
Russian village. Liturgy implies common cause and common prayer.
United by common architectural style and principles of composition log houses constituted, together with
a towering church or chapel on a hill, a general spatial ensemble, striving in prayer to the sky, in search of God.
Everything there was permeated with the comprehensive meaning and the general idea of world outlook and
contemplation. That was the wooden Jerusalem of Russia.
Transformation of spatial-architectural integrity of old Russian settlements goes as far back as the late 17ih
century in Russia, the period of radical reforms and changes in Russian mode of life performed by Tsar Peter
I. By the early 20th century traditional Russian settlements had been preserved only in the North of Russia, and
by the mid-iOth century
(
in its remotest regions, in a distorted fragmentary state. Similar villages do not actu¬
ally exist in this country now. Architectural basis of the izba liturgy is the Russian izba
(
log house
),
the oldest
national
dwelling.
Russian izba symbolises Russia in minute details. Its destiny largely resembles the destiny of all Russians:
once highly original and rather durable, reflecting imaginary, spiritual mode of thinking peculiar to its creators,
it has turned, with the passage of time, into a faceless mixture of notions and ideas about beauty, environment
and dwelling space. The sense of harmony has disappeared, and outward decorativeness and senseless orna¬
mentation took the place ofstrict proportionality of the whole and its separate parts.
Spiritless
dich
of
standardisation
has firmly established even in the farthest nooks of the vast Russian terri¬
tory. General standards reigned supreme in the minds of the majority of Russians gradually and definitely losing
the power of profound imaginary thinking.
The notion of the Russian izba has not only architectural connotation such as building technique, but
those of the mode of life as a system of aesthetic and ethic ideas born by the Russian land and the Christian ide¬
ology of the people. It is no accident that the Russian word krestyanin (peasant
)
is derived from the ancient
word Christian. Not only peasant huts but nobility houses and royal palaces were built of wood in old Russia.
Λ
wooden palace in
Kołomenskoyc
near Moscow, belonging toTsar Aicxei Mikhailovich which was being built
fora period of more than ten years from
1667
till
1681,
ranks among the most glorious masterpieces ofwood-
en architecture. The palace was destroyed a century later, when fashionable Russian society began to despise
log building and had their houses built either of stone or of wood used merely as building material copying the
forms of the predominant architectural style. Wooden texture was carefully hidden with plaster, painting, or
wall-paper. Many contemporary houses looked as If built of stone though were wooden, like the palace of
Count Sheremctycv in Ostankino.
Genuine Russian izbas came down to us clue to the eternal loyalty of Russian peasants to old traditions,
'typical national wooden houses remained and continued to appear in the remote parts of the country up to
the revolution of
1917.
Social upheavals summed up and then transformed into life with horrifying clarity the
anti-Christian unrighteous changes which
liad
been ripening in Russia throughout long preceding years.
Soviet attack at Russian villages came as a sinister clot of all previous evil of our life. Thus traditional peasant
mode of life characterised by unfussy dignity and elegiac composition of old villages
—
the wooden «people's
Jerusalem» (as
N.
Klyuev put it) has completely disappeared from Russian realities. Has it gone forever?
We arc far from calling on our contemporaries to turn back to «outdated museum exhibits like a silicon rl-
•
Λ.ν.
Kartashov. flc instead of a gun», to quote
A-V. Kanashov,
an outstanding philosopher from Russian immigration*. We urge
Rccoiuimciion of Hie Holy l0 cognise the central meaning of the Early Russian wooden architecture, which will facilitate in our opinion
llnssJa. Moscow.
1992.
c
, , ,.,,,,. ,
cognition of the meaning of our life, unchangeable in time and space,
Since time immemorial began they to build in
Rus
«according to the «model and likeness», «as usual», «as in
olden times». They respected their forefathers' ideology and strengthened themselves with this knowledge.
Simultaneously all structures
—
either big or small
—
were not stable permanent models, unchanged in time
and space. Their form and composition improved with the progress of people's building technique. But un¬
changed remained the very essence of this technique born by their attitude to life. It consisted in the unity of
usefulness and beauty, which did not exist independently, Only that which could improve man's life was con¬
sidered useful and beautiful. Improvement of lire implied spiritual evolution of a personality and his approach
to the absolute ideal
—
Cod. The notions of freedom and human happiness and consequently of the beauty of
life were inseparable from the concept of this ideal, Trifles, unimportant things and ideas could not exist both
in art and in everyday life. All of them acquired meaningful significance as particles-steps of the developing
consciousness. In the end the whole earthly life of Man, according to old conceptions, presented a test of sorts,
509
Ι .ιιι
ì
■
ui
si
ruggii-
freeing man from dark impulses of the primordial world -and in this way improving this world
■
Ί
nur,, ihr
apparent simplicity of folk thinking conceals great wisdom of the dialectics of nature. People
І<мшііющ
nature; comprehending its secrets, scrutinising and considering solutions, and reflected them in
ilkir work, primarily in dwelling,
Restoration of old building traditions, as constituents of the general wisdom and harmony of life, is based
n< >t on blind imitation of forms but on the analysis of architectural images
und
their message, full of
«originai
mysteries ol Hellenic ideology»
(O. Mandelshtam),
whole comprehension helps us understand the sources of
the falsehood of Russian realities.
yp ut as certain mode of life dic¬
tating the mode of construction.
Wha
dent time and in the later historical periods. The distinctive feature of the book is that it presents architectural
masterpieces in their places, which is absolutely impossible now. Several decades or sometimes over
halfa
cen¬
tury ago Academician A.V. Opolovnikov, (he biding specialist in restoration
οι
Early Russian wooden archi¬
tecture a nd the older co-author of the book, had an opportunity to discover and examine these masterpieces.
At present the authentic Russian izbas, and not their distorted or stylised variants, have preserved only in
the open-air museums, The authors of the book will acquaint Its readers with their finds and the results of their
research.
Russian folk dwelling differed depending on places and time of its construction. Thus in the central re¬
gions of the country houses were smaller than in the North. A peculiar method of building homes had taken
shape in Siberia where peasant household resembled a mini-fortress, protected by a blank fence from the
surrounding woi'Jd.
Such outbuildings as sheds, bathhouses, barns, fences and other smaller architectural forms will surely at¬
tract the readers' attention. No less space in the book will be allotted to the earliest and simplest log hut
—
zl-
movye. Smaller houses built near izbas for the family to move in during wintertime are called zimovye in
Siberia even now. The same words can be used to describe small shooting-boxes till recently encountered in
Siberian taiga. But gradually not
а
trace is being left of the taiga in the proper sense. Plain thin underbrush is
confidently taking the place of once thick woods. It will take this undergrowth at least a century to reach the
size of the taiga.
Understanding of the true beauty of life
wili
not come back immediately. Russian people wiii have to per¬
ceive the uncognised truth about life and their role in it.
Description of Russian izbas and their architectural and construction peculiarities is vivified in the book by
continual comparisons and parallels of forms and contents, subjects and phenomena, past and present. The
text is interspersed with short citations from literary classics and comments by famous philosophers which
give an integral picture of the past Russian culture. Consequently the image-bearing system of architecture can
be perceived by the readers not as an abstract though fascinating compositional scheme but as a spiritualised
life reality. More so the core of the Christianity not confined within the limits of moralising-ritual canons which
can be understood by contemporary readers, impoverished by their overwhelming knowledge, as abstract,
ís
satiated with quite real forms of its earthly personification.
Such are the most general outlines of the book about Russian izbas offered for the readers' consideration.
The research is based on unique materials from archives of OPOLO Publishers being collected for more
than three quarters of a century (the summarised age of the co-authors), including a great number of colour
and black and white photos of artistic monuments with details, measured drawings, graphic reconstructions,
skilfully made by A V. Opolovnikov, archive and literary materials on the history and ethnography of Russia.
The readers will receive a graphic idea of Russian history in its material aspect, and of its ideological mean¬
ing and will be able to successfully use this information in modern construction of various wooden staictures
and their interior decoration (which is the last but not the least advantage of our research for today practice).
The importance of unpainted, unpolished wood, emitting forest smells, earthly wisdom and the limitless love
of'the sunny sky for health cannot be overestimated if to judge by a great number of well-known or unknown
giants of thought and spirit brought up in natural environment. They were also fairly shared with good health.
The book dealing with Russian izbas continued OPOLO's project on acquainting the readers with Old
Russian wooden architecture, The project began with the fundamental work under the title «Old Obdorsk and
the Arctic Towns-Legends** which was unique because the theme of the development of town-building be¬
yond the Polar Circle was raised in scientific literature for the first time. Hardly anyone will have an opportuni¬
ty to carry on this research in the future.
Each book from the above-mentioned cycle, «The Izba Liturgy. Book about Russian Izbas* included, can be
described as historical and educational publication representing in fact a new genre of sci-fi writing on Russian
culture in general and on the history of architecture in particular.
The book is supplied with detailed bibliography, a list of plates, geographical and bibliographical indexes as
well as with English captions.
Briefcontentsofthebook:
LUte life itself. Towards beginning.
Quotation of S. Frank, one of Russian philosophers living abroad in immigration, who wrote about
Pushkin that he was «like life itself, finding a voice of his own», was used for the title of the introduction. The
same characterisation fully reveals the peculiar tea
tures
of Russian izbas; they arc like life itself, acquiring mate-
*
Soon after the book was
published it won the con¬
test «One hundred best-sell¬
ers of Russia· sponsored nt
(lie
Inte nial
¡n n
al ltook
ťal r
In
September
1998,
and also
became the Ian rente of
lho
6th Russia's •Creativiiy-'JS·
ľcstlval
organised by
tlie
Architects Union. It was
awarded the gold medal
of the
nässla
as well.
510---------------------------------------------------
rial form. Introduction goes deep into the history of Russia and aims at perceiving the
idťolt
ψ,ίού
con: or
<
Md
Russian wooden architecture, which is interpreted as the materialised cross-section of the history
nť
Rust-ian
people and their world outlook.
Russian izba presents a collective image of the basic part of peculiar Christian culture whose importance
goes far beyond the borders of vast Russia. It consist not of vague strange rarities, dilapidated, distorted to ug¬
liness or honorary growing old in museums but of «live bread and water indispensable for the future* (the Rev.
Sergei Bulgakov).
The Izba liturgy
In the beginning narration focuses on the most ancient and simple log-huts. They are described on the ex¬
ample of forest shooting-boxes and Yakut fortified barns imitating architectural
principies
employed in
Cossack fortresses and winter huts built in the period of exploitation of Siberia.
The authors are also dealing with a unique settlement beyond the Polar Circle, Russian Ustye situated near
the Arctic Ocean coast in the lower reaches of the Indigirka. As early as in the 16th century, in the reign of Tsar
Ivan the Terrible, representatives of great noble families
—
the Kiselyovs, the Chukhichevs, the Skopins, the
Shchelkanovs to name but a few
—
founded six settlements making their escape from royal oprichniks' pursue.
Further on leaving behind a simple shooting-box with a neighbouring storehouse «on hen's legs» and log
footway we reach a forest road leading to a traditional Russian settlement. Planked bridges across picturesque
streams and rivers, pole fences, small chapels at the road attract the readers' attention.
The first buildings immediately catching the eye
—
all these izbas, mills, barns and baths on the riverside
lead to contemplation of the supreme element of the whole ensemble, the church complex, conquering the
hearts with peace and calmness.
Analytical comprehension of beauty replaces sensual perception. Log framework makes the base of all
houses. Everywhere wood is employed not only as a building material but also as a material of art. «The will of
material itself» (the Rev. Pavel Florensky) is revealed in every building like in a genuine work of art. And the
whole spatial composition of a village is based on the prototype, Celestial Jerusalem, transferring in its earthly
image into the world-embracing (catholic) assembly (Prince "Yevgeny Trubetskoi), into the integral architec¬
tural-natural ensemble.
The Izbas of Russia
Lots of Russian izbas, situated in various nooks of the country, big and small, complex in their composi¬
tional solution and most simple, lavishly decorated or completely devoid of any ornamentation, united
in a pleasant courtyard or isolated, arc examined in this chapter.
Majority of architectural pieces shown in the book have disappeared from the face of the Earth and the vil¬
lages they made are no more. Old
Siberian
fortified houses standing on the banks of the Angara way back in the
1
960s were visual reflection of worthy life, inseparably connected with the memory of generations. Soon af¬
terwards the houses were flooded with waters of man-made Bratskoye and Ilimskoye seas.
Many izbas were removed to the open-air museums: Kizhi, Malye Korely near Arkhangelsk, Vitoslavlitsy
near
Veliký
Novgorod; to Vladimir, Vologda, Irkutsk, Kostroma, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Tver regional mu¬
seums. Every house had its own unique appearance and a sad destiny of its own.
Architectural peculiarities are depicted against the background of past Russian realities with the typical
tenor and characteristic features, connected with people's dreams and philosophy, with their ideas of beauty
and the truth, former pagan beliefs and Christian dogmas adopted by Russia.
Drastic changes in the traditional mode oflife resulted in tearing Russians away from perception and cre¬
ation of the beauty oflife. It is a known fact (scientifically proved) that spiritual power charge put in any cre¬
ation can penetrate into responsive human heart. That is why the positive energy of Russian izbas reflecting
healthy life inspired with love and faith and filled with mutual understanding, support and tolerance, will sure¬
ly purify our heart and reason.
Parts of the Whole
The authors describe all elements and details of Russian log-houses and outbuildings superb in architec¬
tural and artistic respect and quite suitable for application in modern construction, such as various types of
roofing, porches (open or covered, one— or two-sided), galleries, balconies, windows and platbands, doors, or¬
namentation and carving of the pillars, fences and gates, fragments and characteristic features of interior dec¬
oration (icons, stoves, benches, tables and household utensils).
Towards the End and Beginning-
Years Pass by.
This is a fascinating, fiction-like description of the authors' experience in restoration of wooden archi¬
tectural masterpieces, in revival of ancient images and their practical application under modern conditions
not in the form of museum exhibits or tourist attractions but as comfortable, useful and beautiful country
structures on private plots of land. The Christian postulate denying dejection as a sin and proclaiming that
faith, if it hath not works, is dead, promised that all tortures inspired with creative impulses will lead to final
happiness. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Opolovnikov, Aleksandr V. 1911-1994 Opolovnikova, Elena A. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)124764266 |
| author_facet | Opolovnikov, Aleksandr V. 1911-1994 Opolovnikova, Elena A. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Opolovnikov, Aleksandr V. 1911-1994 |
| author_variant | a v o av avo e a o ea eao |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023272074 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)313976403 (DE-599)BVBBV023272074 |
| era | Geschichte 1947-2000 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1947-2000 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023272074 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:36:17Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:14:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 5889640038 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016457064 |
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| physical | 510 S. überw. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publishDateSearch | 2002 |
| publishDateSort | 2002 |
| publisher | Opolo |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Drevnerusskoe derevjannoe zodčestvo |
| series2 | Drevnerusskoe derevjannoe zodčestvo |
| spelling | Opolovnikov, Aleksandr V. 1911-1994 Verfasser (DE-588)124764266 aut Izbjanaja liturgija kniga o russkoj izbe A. V. Opolovnikov ; E. A. Opolovnikova Book about russian izbas Moskva Opolo 2002 510 S. überw. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Drevnerusskoe derevjannoe zodčestvo 2 PT: Book about russian izbas. - In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The izba liturgy Geschichte 1947-2000 gnd rswk-swf Hütte (DE-588)4166558-2 gnd rswk-swf Holzhaus (DE-588)4137595-6 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4145395-5 Bildband gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Holzhaus (DE-588)4137595-6 s Hütte (DE-588)4166558-2 s Geschichte 1947-2000 z DE-604 Opolovnikova, Elena A. Verfasser aut Drevnerusskoe derevjannoe zodčestvo 2 (DE-604)BV012479021 2 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016457064&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Opolovnikov, Aleksandr V. 1911-1994 Opolovnikova, Elena A. Izbjanaja liturgija kniga o russkoj izbe Drevnerusskoe derevjannoe zodčestvo Hütte (DE-588)4166558-2 gnd Holzhaus (DE-588)4137595-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4166558-2 (DE-588)4137595-6 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4145395-5 |
| title | Izbjanaja liturgija kniga o russkoj izbe |
| title_alt | Book about russian izbas |
| title_auth | Izbjanaja liturgija kniga o russkoj izbe |
| title_exact_search | Izbjanaja liturgija kniga o russkoj izbe |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Izbjanaja liturgija kniga o russkoj izbe |
| title_full | Izbjanaja liturgija kniga o russkoj izbe A. V. Opolovnikov ; E. A. Opolovnikova |
| title_fullStr | Izbjanaja liturgija kniga o russkoj izbe A. V. Opolovnikov ; E. A. Opolovnikova |
| title_full_unstemmed | Izbjanaja liturgija kniga o russkoj izbe A. V. Opolovnikov ; E. A. Opolovnikova |
| title_short | Izbjanaja liturgija |
| title_sort | izbjanaja liturgija kniga o russkoj izbe |
| title_sub | kniga o russkoj izbe |
| topic | Hütte (DE-588)4166558-2 gnd Holzhaus (DE-588)4137595-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Hütte Holzhaus Russland Bildband |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016457064&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV012479021 |
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