Assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants: implementation of the Biosafety Protocol Development of Assessment Bases FKZ 201 67 430/07
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bonn
BfN
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | BfN-Skripten
217 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in dt. Sprache. - Online-Ausg. im Internet |
| Beschreibung: | 234 S. |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Mertens, Martha |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants |b implementation of the Biosafety Protocol Development of Assessment Bases FKZ 201 67 430/07 |c Martha Mertens |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137583030042624 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................1
Part I Plant species and methods of genetic engineering....................................................3
2 Plant species genetically modified.................................................................................3
3 Transgenic methods in plants........................................................................................6
3.1 Transformation/Transgene integration in plants..........................................................6
3.1.1 Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer..............................................................8
3.1.2 Direct gene transfer..........................................................................................12
3.1.3 Other transformation techniques......................................................................16
3.1.4 Expression of multiple foreign genes...............................................................17
3.1.5 Superfluous DNA.............................................................................................18
3.2 Promoters used in plant transformation.....................................................................20
3.3 Transformation of plastids.........................................................................................24
3.4 Marker genes..............................................................................................................29
Part II Traits and environmental impacts of transgenic plants.......................................34
4 Gene spread...................................................................................................................34
4.1 Hybridization.............................................................................................................34
4.1.1 Gene flow to crops and to related species........................................................34
4.1.2 Selected crop species cultivated in Europe.......................................................41
4.1.3 Barriers to gene flow........................................................................................57
4.1.4 Stacking of transgenes......................................................................................62
4.2 Horizontal gene transfer.............................................................................................63
4.3 Spread of transgenic plants........................................................................................67
5 Traits of transgenic plants and their environmental impacts...................................71
5.1 General considerations...............................................................................................71
5.2 Herbicide resistance...................................................................................................74
5.2.1 Herbicide resistance genes transferred.............................................................74
5.2.2 Environmental impacts of herbicide resistance................................................74
5.3 Pest resistance............................................................................................................83
5.3.1 Bt toxins............................................................................................................83
5.3.2 Pest resistane other than Bt traits......................................................................84
5.3.3 Environmental impacts of pest resistance traits...............................................87
5.4 Pathogen resistance..................................................................................................100
5.4.1 Virus resistance...............................................................................................101
5.4.2 Bacterial resistance.........................................................................................103
5.4.3 Fungal resistance............................................................................................104
5.4.4 Environmental impacts of pathogen resistance traits.....................................106
5.5 Stress tolerance........................................................................................................109
5.5.1 Salt tolerance..................................................................................................110
II
5.5.2 Cold/freezing tolerance...................................................................................112
5.5.3 Heat tolerance.................................................................................................113
5.5.4 Drought tolerance...........................................................................................114
5.5.5 Soil mineral/metal concentrations..................................................................114
5.5.6 Environmental impacts of stress tolerance.....................................................116
5.6 Phytoremediation and Biomonitoring......................................................................117
5.6.1 Phytoremediation............................................................................................117
5.6.2 Biomonitoring.................................................................................................119
5.6.3 Environmental impacts of phytoremediation and biomonitoring...................119
5.7 New growth characteristics......................................................................................120
5.7.1 Alteration of morphology...............................................................................120
5.7.2 Growth/flowering acceleration.......................................................................121
5.7.3 Lignin alteration/reduction.............................................................................122
5.7.4 Yield increase.................................................................................................124
5.7.5 Environmental impacts of new growth characteristics...................................125
5.8 Production of new or altered substances/secondary metabolites.............................126
5.8.1 Production of new or altered substances........................................................126
5.8.2 Iron and mineral fortification.........................................................................128
5.8.3 Secondary metabolite production...................................................................130
5.8.4 Environmental impacts of new substances and secondary metabolites..........132
5.9 Genepharming.........................................................................................................134
5.9.1 Antibodies.......................................................................................................136
5.9.2 Vaccines..........................................................................................................137
5.9.3 Proteins as Pharmaceuticals............................................................................138
5.9.4 Safety aspects.................................................................................................139
5.9.5 Environmental impacts of gene pharming......................................................140
5.10 Concluding remarks.................................................................................................141
6 Secondary environmental impacts of transgenic plants..........................................143
6.1 Evolution of resistance in weeds..............................................................................143
6.1.1 Herbicide resistant weeds...............................................................................143
6.1.2 Cross resistance and multiple resistance........................................................146
6.1.3 Weed population shifts...................................................................................147
6.2 Resistance in pests...................................................................................................149
6.2.1 Evolution of resistance to Bt toxins................................................................149
6.2.2 Resistance management..................................................................................152
6.3 Resistance in pathogens...........................................................................................157
6.4 Herbicide use............................................................................................................157
6.5 Insecticide Use.........................................................................................................158
7 Summaries________________________________________________________160
7.1 Summary..................................................................................................................160
7.2 Zusammenfassung....................................................................................................165
Ill
Appendices...................................................................................................................172
8.1 Glossary...................................................................................................................172
8.2 Abbreviations...........................................................................................................175
8.3 References................................................................................................................177
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
1 Introduction.1
Part I Plant species and methods of genetic engineering.3
2 Plant species genetically modified.3
3 Transgenic methods in plants.6
3.1 Transformation/Transgene integration in plants.6
3.1.1 Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer.8
3.1.2 Direct gene transfer.12
3.1.3 Other transformation techniques.16
3.1.4 Expression of multiple foreign genes.17
3.1.5 Superfluous DNA.18
3.2 Promoters used in plant transformation.20
3.3 Transformation of plastids.24
3.4 Marker genes.29
Part II Traits and environmental impacts of transgenic plants.34
4 Gene spread.34
4.1 Hybridization.34
4.1.1 Gene flow to crops and to related species.34
4.1.2 Selected crop species cultivated in Europe.41
4.1.3 Barriers to gene flow.57
4.1.4 Stacking of transgenes.62
4.2 Horizontal gene transfer.63
4.3 Spread of transgenic plants.67
5 Traits of transgenic plants and their environmental impacts.71
5.1 General considerations.71
5.2 Herbicide resistance.74
5.2.1 Herbicide resistance genes transferred.74
5.2.2 Environmental impacts of herbicide resistance.74
5.3 Pest resistance.83
5.3.1 Bt toxins.83
5.3.2 Pest resistane other than Bt traits.84
5.3.3 Environmental impacts of pest resistance traits.87
5.4 Pathogen resistance.100
5.4.1 Virus resistance.101
5.4.2 Bacterial resistance.103
5.4.3 Fungal resistance.104
5.4.4 Environmental impacts of pathogen resistance traits.106
5.5 Stress tolerance.109
5.5.1 Salt tolerance.110
II
5.5.2 Cold/freezing tolerance.112
5.5.3 Heat tolerance.113
5.5.4 Drought tolerance.114
5.5.5 Soil mineral/metal concentrations.114
5.5.6 Environmental impacts of stress tolerance.116
5.6 Phytoremediation and Biomonitoring.117
5.6.1 Phytoremediation.117
5.6.2 Biomonitoring.119
5.6.3 Environmental impacts of phytoremediation and biomonitoring.119
5.7 New growth characteristics.120
5.7.1 Alteration of morphology.120
5.7.2 Growth/flowering acceleration.121
5.7.3 Lignin alteration/reduction.122
5.7.4 Yield increase.124
5.7.5 Environmental impacts of new growth characteristics.125
5.8 Production of new or altered substances/secondary metabolites.126
5.8.1 Production of new or altered substances.126
5.8.2 Iron and mineral fortification.128
5.8.3 Secondary metabolite production.130
5.8.4 Environmental impacts of new substances and secondary metabolites.132
5.9 Genepharming.134
5.9.1 Antibodies.136
5.9.2 Vaccines.137
5.9.3 Proteins as Pharmaceuticals.138
5.9.4 Safety aspects.139
5.9.5 Environmental impacts of gene pharming.140
5.10 Concluding remarks.141
6 Secondary environmental impacts of transgenic plants.143
6.1 Evolution of resistance in weeds.143
6.1.1 Herbicide resistant weeds.143
6.1.2 Cross resistance and multiple resistance.146
6.1.3 Weed population shifts.147
6.2 Resistance in pests.149
6.2.1 Evolution of resistance to Bt toxins.149
6.2.2 Resistance management.152
6.3 Resistance in pathogens.157
6.4 Herbicide use.157
6.5 Insecticide Use.158
7 Summaries_160
7.1 Summary.160
7.2 Zusammenfassung.165
Ill
Appendices.172
8.1 Glossary.172
8.2 Abbreviations.175
8.3 References.177 |
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| spelling | Mertens, Martha Verfasser aut Assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants implementation of the Biosafety Protocol Development of Assessment Bases FKZ 201 67 430/07 Martha Mertens Bonn BfN 2008 234 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier BfN-Skripten 217 Zsfassung in dt. Sprache. - Online-Ausg. im Internet BfN-Skripten 217 (DE-604)BV012297295 217 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016454764&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mertens, Martha Assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants implementation of the Biosafety Protocol Development of Assessment Bases FKZ 201 67 430/07 BfN-Skripten |
| title | Assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants implementation of the Biosafety Protocol Development of Assessment Bases FKZ 201 67 430/07 |
| title_auth | Assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants implementation of the Biosafety Protocol Development of Assessment Bases FKZ 201 67 430/07 |
| title_exact_search | Assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants implementation of the Biosafety Protocol Development of Assessment Bases FKZ 201 67 430/07 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants implementation of the Biosafety Protocol Development of Assessment Bases FKZ 201 67 430/07 |
| title_full | Assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants implementation of the Biosafety Protocol Development of Assessment Bases FKZ 201 67 430/07 Martha Mertens |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants implementation of the Biosafety Protocol Development of Assessment Bases FKZ 201 67 430/07 Martha Mertens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants implementation of the Biosafety Protocol Development of Assessment Bases FKZ 201 67 430/07 Martha Mertens |
| title_short | Assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants |
| title_sort | assessment of environmental impacts of genetically modified plants implementation of the biosafety protocol development of assessment bases fkz 201 67 430 07 |
| title_sub | implementation of the Biosafety Protocol Development of Assessment Bases FKZ 201 67 430/07 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016454764&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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