Urban geography:
Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken, NJ
Wiley
2009
|
Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XV, 512 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
ISBN: | 9780471798156 |
Internformat
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100 | 1 | |a Kaplan, David H. |d 1960- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)129260592 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Urban geography |c David Kaplan ; James Wheeler ; Steven Holloway |
250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
264 | 1 | |a Hoboken, NJ |b Wiley |c 2009 | |
300 | |a XV, 512 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1950-2000 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
650 | 4 | |a City and town life | |
650 | 4 | |a Human geography | |
650 | 4 | |a Urban geography | |
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700 | 1 | |a Holloway, Steven R. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)137013914 |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804137579524653056 |
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adam_text | Contents
Preface
iii
Acknowledgments
v
PART I: Introduction to Cities and Urban
Geography
1
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE
CHANGING FIELD OF URBAN
GEOGRAPHY
1
Introduction
1
Box
1.1 4
The Field of Urban Geography
5
The Origin and Evolution of Urban
Geography
6
The Four Traditions,
1900-1970 6
The Physical Tradition
6
The Human-Environment Tradition
7
The Regional Tradition
8
The Spatial Tradition
9
Precursors of Spatial Analysis
in Urban Geography
9
European Influences on Spatial Analysis
in Urban Geography
10
Extradisciplinary Influences on Spatial Analysis
in Urban Geography
10
Critiques of Spatial Analysis in Urban
Geography
11
Behavioral Urban Geography
11
Marxist Interpretations
11
Humanistic Urban Geography
12
Social Theory
12
Postmodernism
13
Geographic Information Science and Urban
Geography
14
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
1.2 15
Substantive Trends in Urban Geography
16
Urbanization and Global Cities
16
Feminist Urban Geography
17
Urban Culture Geography
18
Urban Historical Geography
19
Locational Analysis in Urban Geography
20
The Chicago and Los Angeles Schools
of Urban Geography
21
The Chicago School
21
The Los Angeles School
21
The New
Urbanism
22
Introduction to this Textbook
22
Wrapping Up
23
Readings
24
2
THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CITIES
26
What Are Cities?
26
Preconditions to Urban Formation
Box
2.1 28
Ecology, Technology, and Power
Theories of Urban Origins
30
Agricultural Surplus
30
Religious Causes
30
Defensive Needs
31
Trading Requirements
32
Patterns of Early Urbanization
33
Locations of Early Cities
33
Diffusion of Urbanization
33
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
2.2 35
28
29
vn
viii
Contents
Urban Evolution and Early Economic Imperatives:
Traditional Cities
36
The Early City-States:
Sumeria
36
Other Ancient Cities
39
Egypt
39
Indus Valley
40
Northern China
40
Mesoamerican Cities
40
Imperial Cities
42
Box
2.3 42
Imperial Rome
43
Rome s Contribution to Urban
Development
45
Cities as Engines of Economic Growth: Capitalism,
Industrialism, and Urbanization
46
The New Trading Cities
46
Box
2.4 47
A Capitalist Economy
48
The Revival of Urbanization
48
Northern Italy
50
Northern Europe
50
Structure and Form of the Trading Cities
50
Political and Economic Structure
50
Spatial Form
52
Box
2.5 53
Box
2.6 54
Industrial Cities
54
Industrial Revolution
56
Changing Logic of City Location
57
Elements of the Industrial City
59
Wrapping Up
59
Readings
60
PART II: Metropolitan Systems
3
THE EVOLUTION OF THE
AMERICAN
URBAN SYSTEM
61
The American Urban Hierarchy,
1630-2007 62
Colonial Imprints
62
The Early Development of the U.S. Urban
Hierarchy
63
Recent Shifts in the U.S. Urban
Population
64
Metropolitan Dominance
67
Box
3.1 68
Pred s Model
69
Urbanization and Industrialization Among
U.S. Urban Centers
71
Borchert s Transport Epochs and American
Metropolitan Growth
71
Horse and Wagon Epoch,
1790-1830 71
Regional Railroad,
1830-1870 71
National Railroad Network Epoch,
1870-1920 71
Automobile-Airplane Epoch,
1920-1960 72
Urbanization Processes
73
Urbanization Curves
73
Central Place Theory
73
Centrality
74
Range of a Good
74
Threshold
74
Hexagonal Trade Areas
75
Rank-Size Rule
75
Kondratiev Waves
76
Urban Growth in America
77
The Meyer-Wyckoff Frontier Cities
Model
77
The Vance Mercantile Cities Model
78
Contemporary Urban-Economic
Restructuring
79
Empirical Examples
79
Box
3.2 80
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
3.3 82
Amenities
82
Attracting Young Educated People
84
Box
3.4 85
Recent Metropolitan Population Shifts
85
Wrapping Up
86
Readings
86
Contents
ix
4
GLOBALIZATION AND THE URBAN
SYSTEM
88
World Cities
89
The World City Hierarchy
89
Changing Functions of World Cities
92
Capitalism, Power, and World Cities
93
Examples of World City Globalization
95
Powerful World Cities
95
World Cities and Wealth
95
Box
4.1 96
U.S. Law Firms in World Cities
99
Box
4.2 100
Box
4.3 101
Interconnections Among World Cities
101
Interaction Among World Cities
101
The Tourist World City
103
New York and Los Angeles as Tourist
Cities
105
The Impact of
9/11 105
Multinational Corporations
107
U.S. Multinational Corporations
107
The Wal-Mart Example
109
From Bentonville to Beijing
113
Micro-Multinationals
113
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
4.4 114
Wrapping Up
114
Readings
116
5
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
AND THE CITY
117
Box
5.1 118
A History of Computing and the Development
of the Internet
119
Mainframe Computers
120
Minicomputers to Personal Computers
120
Telecommunications: Dispersal
or Concentration?
121
Telecommunications and Geographic
dispersal
121
Telecommunications and Geographic
Concentration
122
Front Office Activities
123
Universities
123
Web Sites
124
National and Global Fiber-Optic Networks
124
Fiber-Optic Cables
125
U.S. Internet Urban Linkages
126
Competition Between Fiber-Optics
and Satellites
128
Overnight Information Flows
128
Telecommunications and Urban Society
131
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
5.2 132
Box
5.3 134
Telecommunications and the Transformation
of Urban Space
134
Telecommunications and Financial
Markets
136
Telecommunications and Office
Economies
136
Intrametropolitan Locations of Professional
and Business Services
137
Intrametropolitan Fiber-Optic Loops
138
Wireless Telecommunications
139
The Automobile as Wireless Internet
140
Wrapping Up
141
Readings
141
PART III: The Economic Landscape of the
City
б
URBAN LAND USE: THE CBD AND THE
GROWTH OF THE SUBURBS
143
Central-City Decline
143
CBD Centrality
144
The Development of Central Business
Districts
144
The Decline of CBD Centrality and the Rise
of Agglomeration Economies
146
CBD Agglomeration Linkages
147
χ
Contents
Traditional CBD Characteristics
148
The CBD Core-Frame Concept
148
Zones of CBD Assimilation and
Discard
149
Daytime-Nighttime CBD Populations
150
Contemporary CBD Retailing
151
CBD Redevelopment and Revitalization
152
Packaging the Entrepreneurial CBD
152
Contemporary CBD Activities
153
Business and Professional Services in
Atlanta
153
Location of Accounting Services
155
America s New Downtowns
155
Models of Suburban Evolution in North American
Metropolises
156
Location Rent and Urban Land Use
156
Land and Property Values
157
Erickson s Model of the Evolution
of the Suburban Space Economy
157
Spillover and Specialization
159
Dispersal and Diversification
159
Infilling and Multinucleation
159
The Hartshorn and
Muller
Model of Suburban
Downtowns
160
Sprawl
160
Independence
161
Magnets
161
High Rise/High Tech
161
Mature Town Center
162
Box
6.1 162
Beyond the Hartshorn and
Muller
Model:
Twenty-First Century Big City
Suburbs
163
Suburban Sprawl
163
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
6.2 164
Wrapping Up
164
Box
6.3 166
Readings
166
7
LANDSCAPES OF PRODUCTION
167
Understanding the Economies of Cities
167
Basic and
Nonbasic
Economic
Activities
168
Basic vs.
Nonbasic
Activités
168
Multipliers
168
Circular and Cumulative Causation
169
Agglomeration
170
Interurban
Industrial Production
and Location
171
The Growth Pole Model
171
The
Stanback
Model
171
Manufacturing versus Service Cities
173
Recent U.S. Manufacturing Changes
174
The
1980s
Rust Belt
175
Box
7.1 176
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
7.2 177
Human Talent and the Location
of High-Technology Industry
178
Box
7.3 179
Intraurban Industrial Production
and Location
180
The Wheeler-Park Model
180
The Product Cycle Model
182
Box
7.4 183
Political Economy Approaches
185
Basic Concepts
185
Circuits of Capital
186
Wrapping Up
188
Readings
188
PART IV: The Social Landscape of the
City
8
FOUNDATIONS OF URBAN SOCIAL
LANDSCAPES
190
Ecological Approach to Cities
190
Community Lost : European Perspectives
on Cities
191
Contents
xi
Box
8.1 192
The Chicago School of Sociology
194
Traditional Models of Urban Spatial
Structure
197
Burgess Concentric Zone Model
197
Hoyt Sector Model
197
Harris and
Ullman
Multiple Nuclei
Model
199
More Complex Models
200
Social Area Analysis and Factorial
Ecology
200
Box
8.2 201
The Urban Mosaic
202
Contemporary Urban Social Space:
Globalization, Postmodernism,
and Cities of Difference
203
Globalization: General Trends
204
Elements of the Global City
204
The Citadel
205
The Enclave
206
The Ghetto
206
In Between Neighborhoods in the Global
City
206
The Gentrified City
207
The Suburban City
207
The Working-Class City
208
Postmodern
Urbanism
208
Cities of Difference
210
Women and the City
211
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
8.3 212
Sexuality and the City
214
Wrapping Up
215
Box
8.4 216
Readings
218
9
URBAN HOUSING MARKETS:
SPRAWL, BLIGHT,
AND REGENERATION
220
Basics of Housing and Housing
Markets
220
Sectors of Housing Tenure
221
Housing as a Commodity
221
Housing Demand
221
Box
9.1 222
Box
9.2 223
Housing Supply
224
Housing Market Geographies
224
Urban Ecology and Housing
Markets: Invasion
and Succession
224
Filtering and Vacancy Chains
225
Life-Cycle Notions of Neighborhood
Change
227
Market Realities: Ongoing Debates Over Equal
Access to Housing
227
Real Estate Agents and Differentiated
Access
228
Discrimination in Lending
232
Accumulated Impacts of Housing Market
Discrimination
233
Box
9.3 234
Housing Market Realities: Government
Involvement
235
Securing Home Ownership through Loan
Guarantees
236
A New System of Housing Finance: The
Secondary Mortgage Market
237
Sprawl and the Suburbanization of
Housing
238
Antecedents and Preconditions of Post-World
War II Suburban Sprawl
239
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
9.4 240
Postwar Sprawl
243
Supply and Demand Factors
244
Sprawl and the Federal Government:
Housing Finance
247
Sprawl and the Federal Government:
Automobiles and Interstate
Freeways
247
Blight and the Fate of Inner-City
Housing
248
xii
Contents
Blight and Growing Redevelopment
Pressures
249
The Housing Dynamics of
Redevelopment
249
Displacement and Public Housing
250
Neighborhood Revitalization:
Gentrification
252
Wrapping Up
254
Readings
254
10
SEGREGATION, RACE, AND URBAN
POVERTY
256
Current Patterns of Racial Residential
Segregation
257
Census
2000
Figures
257
Black/White Patterns
257
Box
10.1 258
Hispanics and Asians
260
Recent Change
261
Hypersegregation
263
What Causes Segregation?
265
Race and the North American Ghetto
266
The First North American Ghetto
266
Dual Housing Markets, the Color Line,
and Ghettos
267
Postwar Institutionalized Ghettos
268
Government-Supported
Discrimination
270
Public Housing and Urban
Redevelopment
270
Economic Transformations and the Outcast
Ghetto
272
Civil Rights
273
Box
10.2 274
Deindustrialization and
Globalization
274
Social/Spatial Isolation and the Underclass
Question
275
Poverty and the City
276
Spatial Concentration of Urban
Poverty
276
Consequences of Concentrated Poverty: The
Neighborhood Effects Debate
278
Peer Effects
279
Social Control
280
Opportunities and Resources
281
Institutions, Schools, and Businesses
281
Stigma and Spatial Discrimination
281
Evidence and Debates
282
Morality and Responsibility
283
Culture and Poverty versus Culture
of Poverty
283
Oppositional Culture/Culture of
Segregation
284
Responding to Urban Poverty
284
War on Poverty
285
Retrenchment
286
Welfare Reform
287
Enterprise Zones
287
Moving to Opportunity/HOPE VI/
Homeownership
287
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
10.3 288
Wrapping Up
290
Readings
291
11
IMMIGRATION, ETHNICITY,
AND
URBANISM
293
The ERA of Immigration and U.S.
Urbanization
295
The New Catholic Arrivals
295
Box
11.1 296
Geography of Immigration
297
Differences in Urban Orientation
298
Reception of Immigrants
298
Segregation Patterns
299
The New European Immigration
300
Contents
xiii
Urban Orientation of New
Immigrants
301
Neighborhood Locations
303
Segregation Patterns
303
Negative and Positive Impacts
of Location
304
The Ethnic Kaleidoscope of Today
305
Immigration Legislation
305
Immigrant Patterns
306
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
11.2 308
Latino Migration and its Impact
on Cities
310
Mexicans
312
Urbanization Trends
312
Cubans
313
Florida Concentration
313
Puerto Ricans
314
Spatial Patterns
314
Box
11.3 316
Latino Influences
319
Significant Aspects
319
New Asian Immigration
320
Urban Orientation and Some Models of Asian
Segregation
321
Asian Indians
323
Box
11.4 324
Indochinese
326
Koreans
327
Asian Influences
328
Wrapping Up
329
Readings
331
PART V: The Political Landscape of the
City
12
METROPOLITAN GOVERNANCE
AND FRAGMENTATION
333
Urban Governance and the Growth
of Services
334
Expanding Urban Services
334
Safety
335
Education
335
Infrastructure
335
Box
12.1 336
Financing the City
338
Who Governs the City?
340
Stages in Urban Governance
340
Elite Dominance
341
Machine Politics
341
Reform Politics.
341
Professional Politics
342
Power in the City
342
Contemporary Fragmentation
in the Metropolis
345
Increasing Fragmentation
345
A Positive View of Metropolitan
Fragmentation
347
Fiscal Disparities
349
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
12.2 350
Countering the Fragmented
Metropolis
353
Annexations
353
Elastic Cities
353
City-County Consolidation
356
Metropolitan Government
356
Box
12.3 357
Wrapping Up
358
Readings
358
13
PLANNING THE BETTER CITY
360
Making the Case for Planning
361
Aesthetics
361
Efficiency
362
Social Equity Planning
364
Maintaining Property Values
366
Environmental Protection
367
Development of Modern Planning
368
xiv
Contents
Visionaries and the Urban Ideal
368
Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City
Movement
368
Le Corbusier s
City of Towers
370
Frank Lloyd Wright s Broadacre
City
371
Legal Basis for Planning
371
Box
13.1 374
Growth of Planning as a Profession
in the United States
374
Political Nature of Planning
377
Box
13.2 379
Comprehensive Plans and Tools of Modern
Planning
380
Elements and Steps in Comprehensive Plan
Development
380
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
13.3 382
Zoning
384
Problems with Zoning
and Responses
387
Effect of Zoning on Community
387
Exclusionary Zoning of Class
and Race
390
Growth Management
392
Wrapping Up
393
Readings
394
PART VI: Cities Around the World
14
CITIES IN THE DEVELOPED
WORLD
395
Western European Cities
395
Urbanization and the European City
System
396
Characteristic Features of European
Cities
398
Density and Compactness
398
Historical Legacy
401
Box
14.1 402
Box
14.2 406
Housing and Social Geography
407
Aspects of Change
410
Changing Economic Circumstances
411
Changes in the Political and Cultural
Milieu
412
Cities in Post-Communist Eastern Europe
414
Communist Urban Development
414
Post-Communist Development
416
Box
14.3 417
Cities in Japan
418
Structure of Japanese Cities
419
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
14.4 421
Changes in Japanese Cities
422
Wrapping Up
423
Readings
423
15
CITIES IN THE LESS
DEVELOPED WORLD
425
The New Urban Majority
426
How the Cities Have Grown
426
Demographic Factors Involved in Urban
Growth
429
Natural Increase
429
Urbanization Curve
429
Primacy
430
Box
15.1 431
Origins of Third World Urbanization
432
Modernization Perspective
433
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
15.2 435
International Political Economy
Perspective
435
Colonialism
436
Economic Disparity
438
Urban Bias
440
Contents
xv
Characteristics of Third World Cities
441
Effects of Growth
442
Housing
443
Public-Sector Housing
444
Box
15.3 446
Commercial Private-Sector Housing
447
Self-Help Housing
448
Employment Opportunities and the Informal
Sector
449
Formal Sector
450
Informal Sector
451
Wrapping Up
452
Readings
453
16
REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN URBAN
STRUCTURE AND FORM IN THE LESS
DEVELOPED WORLD
455
The Latin American City
456
Colonial Legacies
457
Modern Latin American Cities
458
Themes of City Life
458
Spatial Layout
461
Sub-Saharan African Cities
463
Indigenous Influences
464
European Intervention
465
Box
16.1 466
Modern African Cities
468
South Asian Cities
469
A Typology of South Asian Cities
470
Modern Challenges
472
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
16.2 474
Southeast Asian Cities
476
Indigenous Influences: Sacred and Market
Cities
477
The Colonial City in Southeast
Asia
478
Locational Aspects
479
The
Dualistic
Form of the City
480
Chinese Population
480
Modern Cities
482
Problems of Development
482
Prosperity and Urban Form
483
Wrapping Up
484
Box
16.3 485
Box
16.4 486
Readings
486
Index
489
Credits
507
Photo Credits
511
|
adam_txt |
Contents
Preface
iii
Acknowledgments
v
PART I: Introduction to Cities and Urban
Geography
1
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE
CHANGING FIELD OF URBAN
GEOGRAPHY
1
Introduction
1
Box
1.1 4
The Field of Urban Geography
5
The Origin and Evolution of Urban
Geography
6
The Four Traditions,
1900-1970 6
The Physical Tradition
6
The Human-Environment Tradition
7
The Regional Tradition
8
The Spatial Tradition
9
Precursors of Spatial Analysis
in Urban Geography
9
European Influences on Spatial Analysis
in Urban Geography
10
Extradisciplinary Influences on Spatial Analysis
in Urban Geography
10
Critiques of Spatial Analysis in Urban
Geography
11
Behavioral Urban Geography
11
Marxist Interpretations
11
Humanistic Urban Geography
12
Social Theory
12
Postmodernism
13
Geographic Information Science and Urban
Geography
14
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
1.2 15
Substantive Trends in Urban Geography
16
Urbanization and Global Cities
16
Feminist Urban Geography
17
Urban Culture Geography
18
Urban Historical Geography
19
Locational Analysis in Urban Geography
20
The Chicago and Los Angeles Schools
of Urban Geography
21
The Chicago School
21
The Los Angeles School
21
The New
Urbanism
22
Introduction to this Textbook
22
Wrapping Up
23
Readings
24
2
THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CITIES
26
What Are Cities?
26
Preconditions to Urban Formation
Box
2.1 28
Ecology, Technology, and Power
Theories of Urban Origins
30
Agricultural Surplus
30
Religious Causes
30
Defensive Needs
31
Trading Requirements
32
Patterns of Early Urbanization
33
Locations of Early Cities
33
Diffusion of Urbanization
33
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
2.2 35
28
29
vn
viii
Contents
Urban Evolution and Early Economic Imperatives:
Traditional Cities
36
The Early City-States:
Sumeria
36
Other Ancient Cities
39
Egypt
39
Indus Valley
40
Northern China
40
Mesoamerican Cities
40
Imperial Cities
42
Box
2.3 42
Imperial Rome
43
Rome's Contribution to Urban
Development
45
Cities as Engines of Economic Growth: Capitalism,
Industrialism, and Urbanization
46
The New Trading Cities
46
Box
2.4 47
A Capitalist Economy
48
The Revival of Urbanization
48
Northern Italy
50
Northern Europe
50
Structure and Form of the Trading Cities
50
Political and Economic Structure
50
Spatial Form
52
Box
2.5 53
Box
2.6 54
Industrial Cities
54
Industrial Revolution
56
Changing Logic of City Location
57
Elements of the Industrial City
59
Wrapping Up
59
Readings
60
PART II: Metropolitan Systems
3
THE EVOLUTION OF THE
AMERICAN
URBAN SYSTEM
61
The American Urban Hierarchy,
1630-2007 62
Colonial Imprints
62
The Early Development of the U.S. Urban
Hierarchy
63
Recent Shifts in the U.S. Urban
Population
64
Metropolitan Dominance
67
Box
3.1 68
Pred's Model
69
Urbanization and Industrialization Among
U.S. Urban Centers
71
Borchert's Transport Epochs and American
Metropolitan Growth
71
Horse and Wagon Epoch,
1790-1830 71
Regional Railroad,
1830-1870 71
National Railroad Network Epoch,
1870-1920 71
Automobile-Airplane Epoch,
1920-1960 72
Urbanization Processes
73
Urbanization Curves
73
Central Place Theory
73
Centrality
74
Range of a Good
74
Threshold
74
Hexagonal Trade Areas
75
Rank-Size Rule
75
Kondratiev Waves
76
Urban Growth in America
77
The Meyer-Wyckoff Frontier Cities
Model
77
The Vance Mercantile Cities Model
78
Contemporary Urban-Economic
Restructuring
79
Empirical Examples
79
Box
3.2 80
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
3.3 82
Amenities
82
Attracting Young Educated People
84
Box
3.4 85
Recent Metropolitan Population Shifts
85
Wrapping Up
86
Readings
86
Contents
ix
4
GLOBALIZATION AND THE URBAN
SYSTEM
88
World Cities
89
The World City Hierarchy
89
Changing Functions of World Cities
92
Capitalism, Power, and World Cities
93
Examples of World City Globalization
95
Powerful World Cities
95
World Cities and Wealth
95
Box
4.1 96
U.S. Law Firms in World Cities
99
Box
4.2 100
Box
4.3 101
Interconnections Among World Cities
101
Interaction Among World Cities
101
The Tourist World City
103
New York and Los Angeles as Tourist
Cities
105
The Impact of
9/11 105
Multinational Corporations
107
U.S. Multinational Corporations
107
The Wal-Mart Example
109
From Bentonville to Beijing
113
Micro-Multinationals
113
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
4.4 114
Wrapping Up
114
Readings
116
5
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
AND THE CITY
117
Box
5.1 118
A History of Computing and the Development
of the Internet
119
Mainframe Computers
120
Minicomputers to Personal Computers
120
Telecommunications: Dispersal
or Concentration?
121
Telecommunications and Geographic
dispersal
121
Telecommunications and Geographic
Concentration
122
Front Office Activities
123
Universities
123
Web Sites
124
National and Global Fiber-Optic Networks
124
Fiber-Optic Cables
125
U.S. Internet Urban Linkages
126
Competition Between Fiber-Optics
and Satellites
128
Overnight Information Flows
128
Telecommunications and Urban Society
131
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
5.2 132
Box
5.3 134
Telecommunications and the Transformation
of Urban Space
134
Telecommunications and Financial
Markets
136
Telecommunications and Office
Economies
136
Intrametropolitan Locations of Professional
and Business Services
137
Intrametropolitan Fiber-Optic Loops
138
Wireless Telecommunications
139
The Automobile as Wireless Internet
140
Wrapping Up
141
Readings
141
PART III: The Economic Landscape of the
City
б
URBAN LAND USE: THE CBD AND THE
GROWTH OF THE SUBURBS
143
Central-City Decline
143
CBD Centrality
144
The Development of Central Business
Districts
144
The Decline of CBD Centrality and the Rise
of Agglomeration Economies
146
CBD Agglomeration Linkages
147
χ
Contents
Traditional CBD Characteristics
148
The CBD Core-Frame Concept
148
Zones of CBD Assimilation and
Discard
149
Daytime-Nighttime CBD Populations
150
Contemporary CBD Retailing
151
CBD Redevelopment and Revitalization
152
Packaging the Entrepreneurial CBD
152
Contemporary CBD Activities
153
Business and Professional Services in
Atlanta
153
Location of Accounting Services
155
America's New Downtowns
155
Models of Suburban Evolution in North American
Metropolises
156
Location Rent and Urban Land Use
156
Land and Property Values
157
Erickson's Model of the Evolution
of the Suburban Space Economy
157
Spillover and Specialization
159
Dispersal and Diversification
159
Infilling and Multinucleation
159
The Hartshorn and
Muller
Model of Suburban
Downtowns
160
Sprawl
160
Independence
161
Magnets
161
High Rise/High Tech
161
Mature Town Center
162
Box
6.1 162
Beyond the Hartshorn and
Muller
Model:
Twenty-First Century Big City
Suburbs
163
Suburban Sprawl
163
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
6.2 164
Wrapping Up
164
Box
6.3 166
Readings
166
7
LANDSCAPES OF PRODUCTION
167
Understanding the Economies of Cities
167
Basic and
Nonbasic
Economic
Activities
168
Basic vs.
Nonbasic
Activités
168
Multipliers
168
Circular and Cumulative Causation
169
Agglomeration
170
Interurban
Industrial Production
and Location
171
The Growth Pole Model
171
The
Stanback
Model
171
Manufacturing versus Service Cities
173
Recent U.S. Manufacturing Changes
174
The
1980s
Rust Belt
175
Box
7.1 176
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
7.2 177
Human Talent and the Location
of High-Technology Industry
178
Box
7.3 179
Intraurban Industrial Production
and Location
180
The Wheeler-Park Model
180
The Product Cycle Model
182
Box
7.4 183
Political Economy Approaches
185
Basic Concepts
185
Circuits of Capital
186
Wrapping Up
188
Readings
188
PART IV: The Social Landscape of the
City
8
FOUNDATIONS OF URBAN SOCIAL
LANDSCAPES
190
Ecological Approach to Cities
190
"Community Lost": European Perspectives
on Cities
191
Contents
xi
Box
8.1 192
The Chicago School of Sociology
194
Traditional Models of Urban Spatial
Structure
197
Burgess Concentric Zone Model
197
Hoyt Sector Model
197
Harris and
Ullman
Multiple Nuclei
Model
199
More Complex Models
200
Social Area Analysis and Factorial
Ecology
200
Box
8.2 201
The Urban Mosaic
202
Contemporary Urban Social Space:
Globalization, Postmodernism,
and Cities of Difference
203
Globalization: General Trends
204
Elements of the Global City
204
The Citadel
205
The Enclave
206
The Ghetto
206
"In Between" Neighborhoods in the Global
City
206
The Gentrified City
207
The Suburban City
207
The Working-Class City
208
Postmodern
Urbanism
208
Cities of Difference
210
Women and the City
211
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
8.3 212
Sexuality and the City
214
Wrapping Up
215
Box
8.4 216
Readings
218
9
URBAN HOUSING MARKETS:
SPRAWL, BLIGHT,
AND REGENERATION
220
Basics of Housing and Housing
Markets
220
Sectors of Housing Tenure
221
Housing as a Commodity
221
Housing Demand
221
Box
9.1 222
Box
9.2 223
Housing Supply
224
Housing Market Geographies
224
Urban Ecology and Housing
Markets: Invasion
and Succession
224
Filtering and Vacancy Chains
225
Life-Cycle Notions of Neighborhood
Change
227
Market Realities: Ongoing Debates Over Equal
Access to Housing
227
Real Estate Agents and Differentiated
Access
228
Discrimination in Lending
232
Accumulated Impacts of Housing Market
Discrimination
233
Box
9.3 234
Housing Market Realities: Government
Involvement
235
Securing Home Ownership through Loan
Guarantees
236
A New System of Housing Finance: The
Secondary Mortgage Market
237
Sprawl and the Suburbanization of
Housing
238
Antecedents and Preconditions of Post-World
War II Suburban Sprawl
239
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
9.4 240
Postwar Sprawl
243
Supply and Demand Factors
244
Sprawl and the Federal Government:
Housing Finance
247
Sprawl and the Federal Government:
Automobiles and Interstate
Freeways
247
"Blight" and the Fate of Inner-City
Housing
248
xii
Contents
Blight and Growing Redevelopment
Pressures
249
The Housing Dynamics of
Redevelopment
249
Displacement and Public Housing
250
Neighborhood Revitalization:
Gentrification
252
Wrapping Up
254
Readings
254
10
SEGREGATION, RACE, AND URBAN
POVERTY
256
Current Patterns of Racial Residential
Segregation
257
Census
2000
Figures
257
Black/White Patterns
257
Box
10.1 258
Hispanics and Asians
260
Recent Change
261
Hypersegregation
263
What Causes Segregation?
265
Race and the North American Ghetto
266
The "First" North American Ghetto
266
Dual Housing Markets, the "Color Line,"
and Ghettos
267
Postwar Institutionalized Ghettos
268
Government-Supported
Discrimination
270
Public Housing and Urban
Redevelopment
270
Economic Transformations and the Outcast
Ghetto
272
Civil Rights
273
Box
10.2 274
Deindustrialization and
Globalization
274
Social/Spatial Isolation and the "Underclass"
Question
275
Poverty and the City
276
Spatial Concentration of Urban
Poverty
276
Consequences of Concentrated Poverty: The
Neighborhood Effects Debate
278
Peer Effects
279
Social Control
280
Opportunities and Resources
281
Institutions, Schools, and Businesses
281
Stigma and Spatial Discrimination
281
Evidence and Debates
282
Morality and Responsibility
283
Culture and Poverty versus Culture
of Poverty
283
Oppositional Culture/Culture of
Segregation
284
Responding to Urban Poverty
284
War on Poverty
285
Retrenchment
286
Welfare Reform
287
Enterprise Zones
287
Moving to Opportunity/HOPE VI/
Homeownership
287
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
10.3 288
Wrapping Up
290
Readings
291
11
IMMIGRATION, ETHNICITY,
AND
URBANISM
293
The ERA of Immigration and U.S.
Urbanization
295
The New Catholic Arrivals
295
Box
11.1 296
Geography of Immigration
297
Differences in Urban Orientation
298
Reception of Immigrants
298
Segregation Patterns
299
The New European Immigration
300
Contents
xiii
Urban Orientation of New
Immigrants
301
Neighborhood Locations
303
Segregation Patterns
303
Negative and Positive Impacts
of Location
304
The Ethnic Kaleidoscope of Today
305
Immigration Legislation
305
Immigrant Patterns
306
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
11.2 308
Latino Migration and its Impact
on Cities
310
Mexicans
312
Urbanization Trends
312
Cubans
313
Florida Concentration
313
Puerto Ricans
314
Spatial Patterns
314
Box
11.3 316
Latino Influences
319
Significant Aspects
319
New Asian Immigration
320
Urban Orientation and Some Models of Asian
Segregation
321
Asian Indians
323
Box
11.4 324
Indochinese
326
Koreans
327
Asian Influences
328
Wrapping Up
329
Readings
331
PART V: The Political Landscape of the
City
12
METROPOLITAN GOVERNANCE
AND FRAGMENTATION
333
Urban Governance and the Growth
of Services
334
Expanding Urban Services
334
Safety
335
Education
335
Infrastructure
335
Box
12.1 336
Financing the City
338
Who Governs the City?
340
Stages in Urban Governance
340
Elite Dominance
341
Machine Politics
341
Reform Politics.
341
Professional Politics
342
Power in the City
342
Contemporary Fragmentation
in the Metropolis
345
Increasing Fragmentation
345
A Positive View of Metropolitan
Fragmentation
347
Fiscal Disparities
349
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
12.2 350
Countering the Fragmented
Metropolis
353
Annexations
353
Elastic Cities
353
City-County Consolidation
356
Metropolitan Government
356
Box
12.3 357
Wrapping Up
358
Readings
358
13
PLANNING THE BETTER CITY
360
Making the Case for Planning
361
Aesthetics
361
Efficiency
362
Social Equity Planning
364
Maintaining Property Values
366
Environmental Protection
367
Development of Modern Planning
368
xiv
Contents
Visionaries and the Urban Ideal
368
Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City
Movement
368
Le Corbusier's
City of Towers
370
Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre
City
371
Legal Basis for Planning
371
Box
13.1 374
Growth of Planning as a Profession
in the United States
374
Political Nature of Planning
377
Box
13.2 379
Comprehensive Plans and Tools of Modern
Planning
380
Elements and Steps in Comprehensive Plan
Development
380
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
13.3 382
Zoning
384
Problems with Zoning
and Responses
387
Effect of Zoning on Community
387
Exclusionary Zoning of Class
and Race
390
Growth Management
392
Wrapping Up
393
Readings
394
PART VI: Cities Around the World
14
CITIES IN THE DEVELOPED
WORLD
395
Western European Cities
395
Urbanization and the European City
System
396
Characteristic Features of European
Cities
398
Density and Compactness
398
Historical Legacy
401
Box
14.1 402
Box
14.2 406
Housing and Social Geography
407
Aspects of Change
410
Changing Economic Circumstances
411
Changes in the Political and Cultural
Milieu
412
Cities in Post-Communist Eastern Europe
414
Communist Urban Development
414
Post-Communist Development
416
Box
14.3 417
Cities in Japan
418
Structure of Japanese Cities
419
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
14.4 421
Changes in Japanese Cities
422
Wrapping Up
423
Readings
423
15
CITIES IN THE LESS
DEVELOPED WORLD
425
The New Urban Majority
426
How the Cities Have Grown
426
Demographic Factors Involved in Urban
Growth
429
Natural Increase
429
Urbanization Curve
429
Primacy
430
Box
15.1 431
Origins of Third World Urbanization
432
Modernization Perspective
433
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
15.2 435
International Political Economy
Perspective
435
Colonialism
436
Economic Disparity
438
Urban Bias
440
Contents
xv
Characteristics of Third World Cities
441
Effects of Growth
442
Housing
443
Public-Sector Housing
444
Box
15.3 446
Commercial Private-Sector Housing
447
Self-Help Housing
448
Employment Opportunities and the Informal
Sector
449
Formal Sector
450
Informal Sector
451
Wrapping Up
452
Readings
453
16
REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN URBAN
STRUCTURE AND FORM IN THE LESS
DEVELOPED WORLD
455
The Latin American City
456
Colonial Legacies
457
Modern Latin American Cities
458
Themes of City Life
458
Spatial Layout
461
Sub-Saharan African Cities
463
Indigenous Influences
464
European Intervention
465
Box
16.1 466
Modern African Cities
468
South Asian Cities
469
A Typology of South Asian Cities
470
Modern Challenges
472
Technology and Urban Geography
Box
16.2 474
Southeast Asian Cities
476
Indigenous Influences: Sacred and Market
Cities
477
The Colonial City in Southeast
Asia
478
Locational Aspects
479
The
Dualistic
Form of the City
480
Chinese Population
480
Modern Cities
482
Problems of Development
482
Prosperity and Urban Form
483
Wrapping Up
484
Box
16.3 485
Box
16.4 486
Readings
486
Index
489
Credits
507
Photo Credits
511 |
any_adam_object | 1 |
any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
author | Kaplan, David H. 1960- Wheeler, James O. 1938-2010 Holloway, Steven R. |
author_GND | (DE-588)129260592 (DE-588)135939194 (DE-588)137013914 |
author_facet | Kaplan, David H. 1960- Wheeler, James O. 1938-2010 Holloway, Steven R. |
author_role | aut aut aut |
author_sort | Kaplan, David H. 1960- |
author_variant | d h k dh dhk j o w jo jow s r h sr srh |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV023267586 |
callnumber-first | G - Geography, Anthropology, Recreation |
callnumber-label | GF125 |
callnumber-raw | GF125 |
callnumber-search | GF125 |
callnumber-sort | GF 3125 |
callnumber-subject | GF - Human Ecology and Anthropogeography |
classification_rvk | RB 10627 |
classification_tum | RPL 641f |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)191753172 (DE-599)BVBBV023267586 |
dewey-full | 307.76 |
dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
dewey-ones | 307 - Communities |
dewey-raw | 307.76 |
dewey-search | 307.76 |
dewey-sort | 3307.76 |
dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
discipline | Soziologie Raumplanung Geographie |
discipline_str_mv | Soziologie Raumplanung Geographie |
edition | 2. ed. |
era | Geschichte 1950-2000 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1950-2000 |
format | Book |
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isbn | 9780471798156 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016452662 |
oclc_num | 191753172 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-29 DE-11 DE-703 |
owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-29 DE-11 DE-703 |
physical | XV, 512 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
publishDate | 2009 |
publishDateSearch | 2009 |
publishDateSort | 2009 |
publisher | Wiley |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Kaplan, David H. 1960- Verfasser (DE-588)129260592 aut Urban geography David Kaplan ; James Wheeler ; Steven Holloway 2. ed. Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2009 XV, 512 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1950-2000 gnd rswk-swf City and town life Human geography Urban geography Urban geography United States Stadtgeografie (DE-588)4056733-3 gnd rswk-swf USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Stadtgeografie (DE-588)4056733-3 s Geschichte 1950-2000 z 2\p DE-604 Wheeler, James O. 1938-2010 Verfasser (DE-588)135939194 aut Holloway, Steven R. Verfasser (DE-588)137013914 aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016452662&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
spellingShingle | Kaplan, David H. 1960- Wheeler, James O. 1938-2010 Holloway, Steven R. Urban geography City and town life Human geography Urban geography Urban geography United States Stadtgeografie (DE-588)4056733-3 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4056733-3 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
title | Urban geography |
title_auth | Urban geography |
title_exact_search | Urban geography |
title_exact_search_txtP | Urban geography |
title_full | Urban geography David Kaplan ; James Wheeler ; Steven Holloway |
title_fullStr | Urban geography David Kaplan ; James Wheeler ; Steven Holloway |
title_full_unstemmed | Urban geography David Kaplan ; James Wheeler ; Steven Holloway |
title_short | Urban geography |
title_sort | urban geography |
topic | City and town life Human geography Urban geography Urban geography United States Stadtgeografie (DE-588)4056733-3 gnd |
topic_facet | City and town life Human geography Urban geography Urban geography United States Stadtgeografie USA Aufsatzsammlung |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016452662&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kaplandavidh urbangeography AT wheelerjameso urbangeography AT hollowaystevenr urbangeography |