Verfügbarkeit: Standard Basque

Standard Basque: a progressive grammar 1 The grammar

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Rijk, Rudolf P. G. de 1937-2003 (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Spanish
Veröffentlicht:	Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.] MIT Press 2008
Schriftenreihe:	Current studies in linguistics 44[,1]
Schlagworte:	Baskisch Grammatik
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XXVI, 1370 S. Kt.
ISBN:	9780262042420

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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1804137572784406528
adam_text	DľltentS Map of the Basque Country xvi Foreword (Pello Salaburu) xvii Acknowledgments (Virginia de Rijk-Chan) xxiii Introduction; Orthography and Pronunciation; the Basque Noun Phrase 1 1.1 Basque Dialects and Euskara Batua 1 1.2 Spelling and Pronunciation 4 1.3 Introducing the Basque Noun Phrase 17 1.4 Vocabulary 20 1.5 Exercises 22 More about the Basque Noun Phrase 25 2.1 Numerals 25 2.2 Case Endings 31 2.3 Definite and Indefinite 35 2.4 Syntax and Nature of the Genitive 44 2.5 Fractionals 45 2.6 Expressive Adjectives 46 2.7 Vocabulary 47 2.8 Exercises 48 The System of Locative Case Endings 49 3.1 Introductory Remarks 49 3.2 The Definite Singular Locative Paradigm for Common Nouns 50 3.3 The Definite Plural Locative Paradigm 52 3.4 The Indefinite Locative Paradigm 53 3.5 The Declension of Place Names 57 3.6 The Locative Paradigm for Animate Noun Phrases 60 3.7 Temporal Use of Locatives 62 3.8 Derivational Morphology 62 3.9 The Diminutive Suffix -xka 65 3.10 Terms for sister and brother 66 viii 3.11 Vocabulary 67 3.12 Exercises 68 The Syntax of Location Nouns 69 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 Telling Time 81 4.3 Compounds with arte 84 4.4 The Augmentative Suffix -tzar 85 4.5 Vocabulary 86 4.6 Exercises 87 The Grammar of Adnominal Forms 89 5.1 The Linking Morpheme -fco 89 5.2 Postposition Deletion 91 5.3 Similarities between Adnominals and Genitives 98 5.4 Hints for Translating English Possessive Phrases into Basque 100 5.5 Historical and Bibliographical Comments 103 5.6 The Frequency Suffix -ero 105 5.7 The Four Seasons of the Year 107 5.8 The Months of the Year 107 5.9 The Days of the Week 108 5.10 Vocabulary 109 5.11 Exercises 109 Personal Pronouns; Synthetic Conjugation of Intransitive Verbs 111 6.1 Personal Pronouns 111 6.2 Synthetic Conjugation of Intransitive Verbs 116 6.3 Deictic Location Words 123 6.4 Complex Locatives 125 6.5 The Period Suffix -te 126 6.6 A Suffix Denoting Origin: -tar 127 6.7 The Propensity Suffix -tiar 132 6.8 Vocabulary 132 6.9 Exercises 133 Periphrastic Conjugation of Intransitive Verbs 135 7.1 Inventory of Intransitive Verbs 135 7.2 Participles and Other Nonfinite Verb Forms 139 7.3 The Indicative Mood 142 7.4 Morphologically Derived Intransitives 150 7.5 Bare Nouns Governed by izan to be 154 7.6 The Expression bizi izan to live 156 7.7 Diminutive Adjectives in -xko 156 7.8 Vocabulary 157 7.9 Exercises 158 Contents Modal Particles; Topic; Focus and Constituent Order 161 8.1 Modal Particles 161 8.2 Syntax of Negation 165 8.3 Syntax of Emphatic Assertion 168 8.4 Relative Order of Participle and Auxiliary 169 8.5 Topic 171 8.6 Focus 172 8.7 The Suffix of Abundance -tsu 183 8.8 Vocabulary 185 8.9 Exercises 186 Synthetic Present of Transitive Verbs; Ergativity; Demonstratives 187 9.1 Synthetic Present of Transitive Verbs 187 9.2 Ergativity 196 9.3 Use of Synthetic Forms of Transitive Verbs 200 9.4 Number Agreement 204 9.5 Multi-pro-drop 205 9.6 Demonstrative Pronouns: Declension and Use 205 9.7 The Behavioral Suffix -ti 209 9.8 Vocabulary 210 9.9 Exercises 211 Synthetic Past of Transitive Verbs; Universal Quantifiers 213 10.1 Past Tense Morphology of Transitive Verbs 213 10.2 Syntax of Past Tense Verbs 220 10.3 Periphrastic Conjugation of Transitive Verbs 221 10.4 The Substantival Quantifier dena all 223 10.5 The Adjectival Quantifier guz ti all 225 10.6 The Propensity Suffix -koi 227 10.7 Compounds with zale 228 10.8 Vocabulary 230 10.9 Exercises 230 Adverbs of Manner and Degree 233 11.1 Manner Adverbs 233 11.2 Degree Adverbs 241 11.3 Operators of Approximation: ia, kasik, abantzu 247 11.4 Some Sentence Adverbs of Modality: Translations of perhaps 249 11.5 The Determiner beste other 251 11.6 The Manner Adverb bestela otherwise 254 11.7 The Parasuffix gai Denoting matter 255 11.8 Vocabulary 257 11.9 Exercises 257 12 Transitivity 259 12.1 Some Meaning Classes of Transitive Verbs 259 12.2 Preliminary Remarks on Transitivity 265 12.3 Morphologically Derived Transitives 267 12.4 The Anticausative Alternation 274 12.5 The Middle Voice 279 12.6 Actor Nouns: The Suffix -(tzai) le 282 12.7 Vocabulary 285 12.8 Exercises 286 13 The Partitive; the Verb egin and Its Complements; gabe 289 13.1 The Partitive 289 13.2 Particularities of the Verb egin 295 13.3 Bare Noun Objects of egin 298 13.4 Bare Noun Objects of Other Verbs 306 13.5 Constructions with gabe 308 13.6 The Parasuffix gabe 312 13.7 Vocabulary 314 13.8 Exercises 315 14 Object Complements of edun; Modal Verbs 317 14.1 Object Complements of edun 317 14.2 Preterito-present Verbs 321 14.3 Syntax of nahi 322 14.4 Syntax of gogo and asmo 328 14.5 Syntax of behar 330 14.6 Expressing Habit: Constructions with ohi 334 14.7 The Incentive Suffix -garrì 335 14.8 Vocabulary 340 14.9 Exercises 340 15 Dative Agreement; Reflexives and Reciprocals 343 15.1 Dative Agreement and Its Morphology 343 15.2 Vestigial Synthetic Dative Forms 346 15.3 Dative Forms of the Auxiliaries 348 15.4 Dative Paradigms of Two Transitive Verbs 351 15.5 Some Issues of Dative Syntax 356 15.6 Particularities of the Verb етап 359 15.7 Strongly Reflexive Nominais 364 15.8 Reciprocals 368 15.9 Compounds with bum and elkar 372 15.10 Vocabulary 372 15.11 Exercises 373 Contents xi Causatjves and Gerundives 375 16.1 Archaic Causatives 375 16.2 Productive Causatives 377 16.3 Permissive Causatives 380 16.4 Introducing the Gerundive 383 16.5 Subject-Controlled Gerundives 385 16.6 Raising Out of Gerundives 398 16.7 Object-Controlled Gerundives 400 16.8 The Nature of Gerundives 405 16.9 Denominal Agentives: The Suffixes -gile and -gin 407 16.10 Vocabulary 409 16.11 Exercises 411 Conditionals; the Prolative 413 17.1 Conditional Sentences 413 17.2 Morphology of the Conditional Mood 417 17.3 Syntax of Conditional Forms 422 17.4 Nonfinite Protases 425 17.5 Free Conditionals 427 17.6 Concessive ere 428 17.7 The Adnominal Inessive -kotan 429 17.8 The Prolative -tzat as (a) ... , for (a) ... 430 17.9 The Parasuffix tasun -ness 435 17.10 Vocabulary 436 17.11 Exercises 437 Direct and Indirect Questions; Finite Complement Clauses 439 18.1 Constituent Questions 439 18.2 Finite Complement Clauses in the Indicative Mood 450 18.3 The Complementizer -NA 454 18.4 The Partitive Complementizer -NIK 456 18.5 Negative Raising and Hyperraising 457 18.6 Cross-Clause Focus Movement 459 18.7 More on Topic 459 18.8 Noun Complementation 461 18.9 A Nominal Suffix of Reprehension:-fcena 464 18.10 Vocabulary 467 18.11 Exercises 468 Relative Clauses 471 19.1 Introduction 471 19.2 Nonfinite Relatives 490 19.3 Adjoined Relatives 496 19.4 Corelatives 498 19.5 Relatives Based on Fronted Interrogatives 499 xii 19.6 Historical and Bibliographical Note on Relativization 500 19.7 The Inclusive Article -ok 501 19.8 The Property Suffix -dun 502 19.9 Vocabulary 505 19.10 Exercises 506 20 Time Adverbiais 509 20.1 Time Adverbs 509 20.2 Time Clauses Based on the Noun ordu 518 20.3 Time Expressions Based on the Noun aldi 525 20.4 Temporal Use of Location Nouns 529 20.5 The Delimitative Suffix -ino, as in deino 535 20.6 Constructions with eta Denoting Posteriority 536 20.7 Impendency Predicates 537 20.8 Circumstantial Clauses 538 20.9 Compounds with aldi 540 20.10 Vocabulary 544 20.11 Exercises 544 21 The Subjunctive 547 21.1 Introduction 547 21.2 Subjunctive Morphology 547 21.3 Subjunctive Complement Clauses 552 21.4 Use of the Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses 557 21.5 Subjunctive Relatives 560 21.6 Hortatives 560 21.7 Optatives 561 21.8 Use of the Hypothetical Tense 563 21.9 Action Nominais with the Suffix -feto 563 21.10 The Nominal Suffix -feto Denoting Abundance 567 21.11 Vocabulary 567 21.12 Exercises 568 22 Imperatives and Jussives 569 22.1 Introduction 569 22.2 Imperative Morphology 569 22.3 Syntax of Imperatives 574 22.4 Jussive Morphology 582 22.5 The Syntax of Jussives 586 22.6 Use and Function of the Jussive 586 22.7 Déverbal -men Indicating Capability 589 22.8 Déverbal -pen Indicating Result 591 22.9 Déverbal -tzapen Indicating Result 594 22.10 Vocabulary 595 22.11 Exercises 596 Contents xiii Causal, Explanatory, and Concessive Clauses 599 23.1 Indicating Cause 599 23.2 Explanatory eta Clauses 604 23.3 Causal and Explanatory Uses of the Prefix bait- 608 23.4 Explanatory Instrumental Clauses 610 23.5 Causal Clauses Based on Fronted Interrogatives 613 23.6 Inferential Adverbs 618 23.7 Concessive Constructions 623 23.8 Déverbal -kor Marking Inclination 627 23.9 The Adjectival Suffix -bera Marking an Inordinate Proclivity 630 23.10 Vocabulary 631 23.11 Exercises 632 Expressing Potentiality 635 24.1 Morphology of the Potential Mood 635 24.2 Use of the Potential Mood and Its Tenses 643 24.3 Syntax of ezin in Negative Potential Clauses 647 24.4 Synthetic Potential Forms 648 24.5 Morphology and Use of Potential Protasis Forms 650 24.6 The Lexical Potential 653 24.7 Some Other Uses of aha! 660 24.8 The Syntactic Potential 661 24.9 The Nouns gauza and gai as Predicates of Ability 663 24.10 Compounds with ezin and Its Near Synonym gaitz 665 24.11 Vocabulary 668 24.12 Exercises 669 Complex Predicates; Transitive Predication and Predicatives 671 25.1 Complex Predicates 671 25.2 Transitive Predication 675 25.3 Attributive Use of Perfect Participle Clauses 681 25.4 Adjectives Modifying Perfect Participles: berri and zahar 681 25.5 Predicatives 682 25.6 Ergati ve Predicates 690 25.7 Participial Predicatives with -ta 692 25.8 Miscellaneous Suffixes 693 25.9 Vocabulary 697 25.10 Exercises 697 Comparatives 699 26.1 Comparatives of Similarity: bežala and legez 699 26.2 Comparatives Denoting Equality in Quality 703 26.3 Comparatives Denoting Equality in Quantity 705 26.4 Comparatives Denoting Superiority 709 26.5 Superlatives 720 XIV 26.6 Excessives 724 26.7 The Suffix of Approximation: -tsu 726 26.8 The Suffix of Precision: -xe 727 26.9 Manner Expressions 731 26.10 Vocabulary 733 26.11 Exercises 734 27 Use of the Instrumental Case 737 27.1 Introduction; Instrumentals Expressing Means 737 27.2 Instrumentals Expressing Cause or Motive 749 27.3 Instrumental Predicatives 753 27.4 Instrumentals Expressing Manner 756 27.5 Instrumentals Expressing Criteria 757 27.6 Instrumentals Measuring Differences 759 27.7 Instrumentals Relating to Time 760 27.8 Instrumentals Governed by Postpositions 761 27.9 How to Express Aboutness 762 27.10 Instrumental Complements 766 27.11 Nonfinite Instrumental Clauses 770 27.12 The Noun kide and the Suffix -kizun 773 27.13 Vocabulary 776 27.14 Exercises 777 The Unfinished Chapters 779 28 Indefinite Pronouns and Related Matters; the Synthetic Future Tense 781 28.1 Indefinite Pronouns 781 28.2 The Adjective ber 793 28.3 The Universal Quantifier oro 799 28.4 The Synthetic Future Tense 802 29 Allocutive Verb Forms and Their Use; Nonfinite Sentential Complements 809 29.1 Allocutive Verb Forms and Their Use 809 29.2 Overview of Nonfinite Sentential Complements 824 30 Coordination 829 30.1 Conjunctions 829 30.2 Syntactic Features of Coordination in Basque 836 30.3 The Distributive Suffix -na 850 31 Compounds 853 31.1 Compounds in Basque 853 31.2 Morphophonology of Compounds 853 31.3 Types of Compounds 860 Contents xv 32 Reduplication; Parasuffixes, Prefixes, and Paraprefixes 877 32.1 Reduplication 877 32.2 Distributive Duplication 881 32.3 Parasuffixes 882 32.4 Prefixes 891 32.5 Paraprefixes 893 13 Additional Derivational Suffixes 897 33.1 The Additional Derivational Suffixes 897 Key to the Exercises 925 Vocabulary 953 A. Basque-English 953 B. English-Basque 981 Bibliography 995 Abbreviations 995 A Note on the Biblical Sources 995 A. References 996 B. Sources 1002
adam_txt	DľltentS Map of the Basque Country xvi Foreword (Pello Salaburu) xvii Acknowledgments (Virginia de Rijk-Chan) xxiii Introduction; Orthography and Pronunciation; the Basque Noun Phrase 1 1.1 Basque Dialects and Euskara Batua 1 1.2 Spelling and Pronunciation 4 1.3 Introducing the Basque Noun Phrase 17 1.4 Vocabulary 20 1.5 Exercises 22 More about the Basque Noun Phrase 25 2.1 Numerals 25 2.2 Case Endings 31 2.3 Definite and Indefinite 35 2.4 Syntax and Nature of the Genitive 44 2.5 Fractionals 45 2.6 Expressive Adjectives 46 2.7 Vocabulary 47 2.8 Exercises 48 The System of Locative Case Endings 49 3.1 Introductory Remarks 49 3.2 The Definite Singular Locative Paradigm for Common Nouns 50 3.3 The Definite Plural Locative Paradigm 52 3.4 The Indefinite Locative Paradigm 53 3.5 The Declension of Place Names 57 3.6 The Locative Paradigm for Animate Noun Phrases 60 3.7 Temporal Use of Locatives 62 3.8 Derivational Morphology 62 3.9 The Diminutive Suffix -xka 65 3.10 Terms for'sister'and'brother' 66 viii 3.11 Vocabulary 67 3.12 Exercises 68 The Syntax of Location Nouns 69 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 Telling Time 81 4.3 Compounds with arte 84 4.4 The Augmentative Suffix -tzar 85 4.5 Vocabulary 86 4.6 Exercises 87 The Grammar of Adnominal Forms 89 5.1 The Linking Morpheme -fco 89 5.2 Postposition Deletion 91 5.3 Similarities between Adnominals and Genitives 98 5.4 Hints for Translating English Possessive Phrases into Basque 100 5.5 Historical and Bibliographical Comments 103 5.6 The Frequency Suffix -ero 105 5.7 The Four Seasons of the Year 107 5.8 The Months of the Year 107 5.9 The Days of the Week 108 5.10 Vocabulary 109 5.11 Exercises 109 Personal Pronouns; Synthetic Conjugation of Intransitive Verbs 111 6.1 Personal Pronouns 111 6.2 Synthetic Conjugation of Intransitive Verbs 116 6.3 Deictic Location Words 123 6.4 Complex Locatives 125 6.5 The Period Suffix -te 126 6.6 A Suffix Denoting Origin: -tar 127 6.7 The Propensity Suffix -tiar 132 6.8 Vocabulary 132 6.9 Exercises 133 Periphrastic Conjugation of Intransitive Verbs 135 7.1 Inventory of Intransitive Verbs 135 7.2 Participles and Other Nonfinite Verb Forms 139 7.3 The Indicative Mood 142 7.4 Morphologically Derived Intransitives 150 7.5 Bare Nouns Governed by izan 'to be' 154 7.6 The Expression bizi izan 'to live' 156 7.7 Diminutive Adjectives in -xko 156 7.8 Vocabulary 157 7.9 Exercises 158 Contents Modal Particles; Topic; Focus and Constituent Order 161 8.1 Modal Particles 161 8.2 Syntax of Negation 165 8.3 Syntax of Emphatic Assertion 168 8.4 Relative Order of Participle and Auxiliary 169 8.5 Topic 171 8.6 Focus 172 8.7 The Suffix of Abundance -tsu 183 8.8 Vocabulary 185 8.9 Exercises 186 Synthetic Present of Transitive Verbs; Ergativity; Demonstratives 187 9.1 Synthetic Present of Transitive Verbs 187 9.2 Ergativity 196 9.3 Use of Synthetic Forms of Transitive Verbs 200 9.4 Number Agreement 204 9.5 Multi-pro-drop 205 9.6 Demonstrative Pronouns: Declension and Use 205 9.7 The Behavioral Suffix -ti 209 9.8 Vocabulary 210 9.9 Exercises 211 Synthetic Past of Transitive Verbs; Universal Quantifiers 213 10.1 Past Tense Morphology of Transitive Verbs 213 10.2 Syntax of Past Tense Verbs 220 10.3 Periphrastic Conjugation of Transitive Verbs 221 10.4 The Substantival Quantifier dena 'all' 223 10.5 The Adjectival Quantifier guz ti 'all' 225 10.6 The Propensity Suffix -koi 227 10.7 Compounds with zale 228 10.8 Vocabulary 230 10.9 Exercises 230 Adverbs of Manner and Degree 233 11.1 Manner Adverbs 233 11.2 Degree Adverbs 241 11.3 Operators of Approximation: ia, kasik, abantzu 247 11.4 Some Sentence Adverbs of Modality: Translations of 'perhaps' 249 11.5 The Determiner beste 'other' 251 11.6 The Manner Adverb bestela 'otherwise' 254 11.7 The Parasuffix gai Denoting 'matter' 255 11.8 Vocabulary 257 11.9 Exercises 257 12 Transitivity 259 12.1 Some Meaning Classes of Transitive Verbs 259 12.2 Preliminary Remarks on Transitivity 265 12.3 Morphologically Derived Transitives 267 12.4 The Anticausative Alternation 274 12.5 The Middle Voice 279 12.6 Actor Nouns: The Suffix -(tzai) le 282 12.7 Vocabulary 285 12.8 Exercises 286 13 The Partitive; the Verb egin and Its Complements; gabe 289 13.1 The Partitive 289 13.2 Particularities of the Verb egin 295 13.3 Bare Noun Objects of egin 298 13.4 Bare Noun Objects of Other Verbs 306 13.5 Constructions with gabe 308 13.6 The Parasuffix gabe 312 13.7 Vocabulary 314 13.8 Exercises 315 14 Object Complements of edun; Modal Verbs 317 14.1 Object Complements of edun 317 14.2 Preterito-present Verbs 321 14.3 Syntax of nahi 322 14.4 Syntax of gogo and asmo 328 14.5 Syntax of behar 330 14.6 Expressing Habit: Constructions with ohi 334 14.7 The Incentive Suffix -garrì 335 14.8 Vocabulary 340 14.9 Exercises 340 15 Dative Agreement; Reflexives and Reciprocals 343 15.1 Dative Agreement and Its Morphology 343 15.2 Vestigial Synthetic Dative Forms 346 15.3 Dative Forms of the Auxiliaries 348 15.4 Dative Paradigms of Two Transitive Verbs 351 15.5 Some Issues of Dative Syntax 356 15.6 Particularities of the Verb етап 359 15.7 Strongly Reflexive Nominais 364 15.8 Reciprocals 368 15.9 Compounds with bum and elkar 372 15.10 Vocabulary 372 15.11 Exercises 373 Contents xi Causatjves and Gerundives 375 16.1 Archaic Causatives 375 16.2 Productive Causatives 377 16.3 Permissive Causatives 380 16.4 Introducing the Gerundive 383 16.5 Subject-Controlled Gerundives 385 16.6 Raising Out of Gerundives 398 16.7 Object-Controlled Gerundives 400 16.8 The Nature of Gerundives 405 16.9 Denominal Agentives: The Suffixes -gile and -gin 407 16.10 Vocabulary 409 16.11 Exercises 411 Conditionals; the Prolative 413 17.1 Conditional Sentences 413 17.2 Morphology of the Conditional Mood 417 17.3 Syntax of Conditional Forms 422 17.4 Nonfinite Protases 425 17.5 Free Conditionals 427 17.6 Concessive ere 428 17.7 The Adnominal Inessive -kotan 429 17.8 The Prolative -tzat 'as (a) .', 'for (a) .' 430 17.9 The Parasuffix tasun '-ness' 435 17.10 Vocabulary 436 17.11 Exercises 437 Direct and Indirect Questions; Finite Complement Clauses 439 18.1 Constituent Questions 439 18.2 Finite Complement Clauses in the Indicative Mood 450 18.3 The Complementizer -NA 454 18.4 The Partitive Complementizer -NIK 456 18.5 Negative Raising and Hyperraising 457 18.6 Cross-Clause Focus Movement 459 18.7 More on Topic 459 18.8 Noun Complementation 461 18.9 A Nominal Suffix of Reprehension:-fcena 464 18.10 Vocabulary 467 18.11 Exercises 468 Relative Clauses 471 19.1 Introduction 471 19.2 Nonfinite Relatives 490 19.3 Adjoined Relatives 496 19.4 Corelatives 498 19.5 Relatives Based on Fronted Interrogatives 499 xii 19.6 Historical and Bibliographical Note on Relativization 500 19.7 The Inclusive Article -ok 501 19.8 The Property Suffix -dun 502 19.9 Vocabulary 505 19.10 Exercises 506 20 Time Adverbiais 509 20.1 Time Adverbs 509 20.2 Time Clauses Based on the Noun ordu 518 20.3 Time Expressions Based on the Noun aldi 525 20.4 Temporal Use of Location Nouns 529 20.5 The Delimitative Suffix -ino, as in deino 535 20.6 Constructions with eta Denoting Posteriority 536 20.7 Impendency Predicates 537 20.8 Circumstantial Clauses 538 20.9 Compounds with aldi 540 20.10 Vocabulary 544 20.11 Exercises 544 21 The Subjunctive 547 21.1 Introduction 547 21.2 Subjunctive Morphology 547 21.3 Subjunctive Complement Clauses 552 21.4 Use of the Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses 557 21.5 Subjunctive Relatives 560 21.6 Hortatives 560 21.7 Optatives 561 21.8 Use of the Hypothetical Tense 563 21.9 Action Nominais with the Suffix -feto 563 21.10 The Nominal Suffix -feto Denoting Abundance 567 21.11 Vocabulary 567 21.12 Exercises 568 22 Imperatives and Jussives 569 22.1 Introduction 569 22.2 Imperative Morphology 569 22.3 Syntax of Imperatives 574 22.4 Jussive Morphology 582 22.5 The Syntax of Jussives 586 22.6 Use and Function of the Jussive 586 22.7 Déverbal -men Indicating Capability 589 22.8 Déverbal -pen Indicating Result 591 22.9 Déverbal -tzapen Indicating Result 594 22.10 Vocabulary 595 22.11 Exercises 596 Contents xiii Causal, Explanatory, and Concessive Clauses 599 23.1 Indicating Cause 599 23.2 Explanatory eta Clauses 604 23.3 Causal and Explanatory Uses of the Prefix bait- 608 23.4 Explanatory Instrumental Clauses 610 23.5 Causal Clauses Based on Fronted Interrogatives 613 23.6 Inferential Adverbs 618 23.7 Concessive Constructions 623 23.8 Déverbal -kor Marking Inclination 627 23.9 The Adjectival Suffix -bera Marking an Inordinate Proclivity 630 23.10 Vocabulary 631 23.11 Exercises 632 Expressing Potentiality 635 24.1 Morphology of the Potential Mood 635 24.2 Use of the Potential Mood and Its Tenses 643 24.3 Syntax of ezin in Negative Potential Clauses 647 24.4 Synthetic Potential Forms 648 24.5 Morphology and Use of Potential Protasis Forms 650 24.6 The Lexical Potential 653 24.7 Some Other Uses of aha! 660 24.8 The Syntactic Potential 661 24.9 The Nouns gauza and gai as Predicates of Ability 663 24.10 Compounds with ezin and Its Near Synonym gaitz 665 24.11 Vocabulary 668 24.12 Exercises 669 Complex Predicates; Transitive Predication and Predicatives 671 25.1 Complex Predicates 671 25.2 Transitive Predication 675 25.3 Attributive Use of Perfect Participle Clauses 681 25.4 Adjectives Modifying Perfect Participles: berri and zahar 681 25.5 Predicatives 682 25.6 Ergati ve Predicates 690 25.7 Participial Predicatives with -ta 692 25.8 Miscellaneous Suffixes 693 25.9 Vocabulary 697 25.10 Exercises 697 Comparatives 699 26.1 Comparatives of Similarity: bežala and legez 699 26.2 Comparatives Denoting Equality in Quality 703 26.3 Comparatives Denoting Equality in Quantity 705 26.4 Comparatives Denoting Superiority 709 26.5 Superlatives 720 XIV 26.6 Excessives 724 26.7 The Suffix of Approximation: -tsu 726 26.8 The Suffix of Precision: -xe 727 26.9 Manner Expressions 731 26.10 Vocabulary 733 26.11 Exercises 734 27 Use of the Instrumental Case 737 27.1 Introduction; Instrumentals Expressing Means 737 27.2 Instrumentals Expressing Cause or Motive 749 27.3 Instrumental Predicatives 753 27.4 Instrumentals Expressing Manner 756 27.5 Instrumentals Expressing Criteria 757 27.6 Instrumentals Measuring Differences 759 27.7 Instrumentals Relating to Time 760 27.8 Instrumentals Governed by Postpositions 761 27.9 How to Express Aboutness 762 27.10 Instrumental Complements 766 27.11 Nonfinite Instrumental Clauses 770 27.12 The Noun kide and the Suffix -kizun 773 27.13 Vocabulary 776 27.14 Exercises 777 The Unfinished Chapters 779 28 Indefinite Pronouns and Related Matters; the Synthetic Future Tense 781 28.1 Indefinite Pronouns 781 28.2 The Adjective ber 793 28.3 The Universal Quantifier oro 799 28.4 The Synthetic Future Tense 802 29 Allocutive Verb Forms and Their Use; Nonfinite Sentential Complements 809 29.1 Allocutive Verb Forms and Their Use 809 29.2 Overview of Nonfinite Sentential Complements 824 30 Coordination 829 30.1 Conjunctions 829 30.2 Syntactic Features of Coordination in Basque 836 30.3 The Distributive Suffix -na 850 31 Compounds 853 31.1 Compounds in Basque 853 31.2 Morphophonology of Compounds 853 31.3 Types of Compounds 860 Contents xv 32 Reduplication; Parasuffixes, Prefixes, and Paraprefixes 877 32.1 Reduplication 877 32.2 Distributive Duplication 881 32.3 Parasuffixes 882 32.4 Prefixes 891 32.5 Paraprefixes 893 13 Additional Derivational Suffixes 897 33.1 The Additional Derivational Suffixes 897 Key to the Exercises 925 Vocabulary 953 A. Basque-English 953 B. English-Basque 981 Bibliography 995 Abbreviations 995 A Note on the Biblical Sources 995 A. References 996 B. Sources 1002
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author	Rijk, Rudolf P. G. de 1937-2003
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indexdate	2024-07-09T21:14:26Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9780262042420
language	Spanish
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spelling	Rijk, Rudolf P. G. de 1937-2003 Verfasser (DE-588)1020217111 aut Standard Basque a progressive grammar 1 The grammar Rudolf P. G. de Rijk Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.] MIT Press 2008 XXVI, 1370 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Current studies in linguistics 44[,1] Current studies in linguistics ... Baskisch (DE-588)4088809-5 gnd rswk-swf Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Baskisch (DE-588)4088809-5 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 (DE-604)BV023263070 1 Current studies in linguistics 44[,1] (DE-604)BV000009279 44,1 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016448239&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Rijk, Rudolf P. G. de 1937-2003 Standard Basque a progressive grammar Current studies in linguistics Baskisch (DE-588)4088809-5 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4088809-5 (DE-588)4021806-5
title	Standard Basque a progressive grammar
title_auth	Standard Basque a progressive grammar
title_exact_search	Standard Basque a progressive grammar
title_exact_search_txtP	Standard Basque a progressive grammar
title_full	Standard Basque a progressive grammar 1 The grammar Rudolf P. G. de Rijk
title_fullStr	Standard Basque a progressive grammar 1 The grammar Rudolf P. G. de Rijk
title_full_unstemmed	Standard Basque a progressive grammar 1 The grammar Rudolf P. G. de Rijk
title_short	Standard Basque
title_sort	standard basque a progressive grammar the grammar
title_sub	a progressive grammar
topic	Baskisch (DE-588)4088809-5 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd
topic_facet	Baskisch Grammatik
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016448239&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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work_keys_str_mv	AT rijkrudolfpgde standardbasqueaprogressivegrammar1

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