Socialdemokratai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimuose:
Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: Social Democrats in the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania (1920 - 2006)
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Lithuanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Vilnius
2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Zusammenfassung: | Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: Social Democrats in the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania (1920 - 2006) |
| Beschreibung: | 714 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9955668598 |
Internformat
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| 610 | 1 | 7 | |a Lietuvos Socialdemokratu̜ Partija |2 gnd |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1920-2006 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Abgeordneter |2 fes | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Sozialdemokratische Partei, Fraktion |2 fes | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1820595767673356288 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Turinys
liktuvos socialdemokratija
ir
jos
parlamentine
vehoa.^
lietuvos socialdemokratai ii<i steigiamojo
ѕешо
.17
sodatjdemokratailietuvosiiespubukos setmuose
1920-1927. 63
socialdemokrati;
frakcijos nariij biogramos
lietuvos
respublikos
1920-1927
m.
seimuüse
.103
Bielinis Kipras
.105
В
udrei
ka Adornas
.110
Cirtautas Bronislovas
.
Ill
Čepinskis
Vincas
.114
Daukšys
Jurgis
.118
Digrys
Scasys
.121
Epšteinas Lazaris
.125
Gali
nis
Vincas.
127
Jakubauskas
Bonaventuras.131
Januškis
Jonas.132
Juchnevičius
Vaitiekus.135
Kairys Steponas
.136
Kedys Juozas
.141
Kromeris
Hcnrikas
Jurgis
.143
Lekeckas
Kazys
.145
Markauskas Mečys
.147
Markelis
Jonas.151
Mikulskis Povilas.153
Pakalka
Jonas.155
Paplauskas Juozas
.157
Pilkauskas Antanas
.160
Plcčkaitisjeronimas
.161
Povylius Antanas
.■.167
Posela
Viadas
.170
Purčnas
Ancanas
.175
Purénienc
І.
iuda
.
li1-)
Sakalauskas
Vladas
.183
Siruravičius Vtadns
.184
Šcmioras
(Šemetas) Pranas
.187
bukevičius Eduardas
.189
Venclanskis
Kazimieras
.191
Vikonis Pranas
.195
Žukauskas Alfonsas
.198
UETUVOS SOCIAJUDKMOKRATAI PO
III
SE1MO
РАТ.КШШО1927-1940.201
UF.TUVOS SOCIALDKMOKKATAI
OKUPACIJU
METAIS
IREMlGRACIJOJE
.223
LSDP, SAVARANKTŠKOJI LKP, LDDP UETUVOS RESPUBUKOS
SEIMUOSK
1990-2006.249
SOCIALDEMOKRAT^
TRAKCIJOS NARIU BIOGRAMOS
TJETUVOS RESPUBUKOS
1990-2005
M. SEIMUOSE
.289
Adomaitis Zenonas
Petras.291
Akstinavičius Arvydas
.293
Alesionka
Leonas
.295
Andňukaitis Vy tenis Povilas
.297
A
n
tanai
tis
Jonas Algirdas .306
Antanavičius Kazimieras
.308
Arbačiauskas Vytautas
.312
Babonienć Ona
.314
Bajoras Arvydas
.317
Balčytis Zigmantas
.319
Baravykas Vydas
.322
Baskas Antanas
.324
Bastys Mindaugas
.326
Bendinskas Aleksandras
.328
Bcrio^ovas Vladimiras
.330
Bernatonisjuozas
.333
Bloškys Romualdas Ignas
.336
Bradřiuskas Bronius
.338
Brazauskas Algirdas
.341
Huti revičius
Junas
.347
Buincvičius Vytauras
Algimantas
.350
Bulovas
Virgilijus Vladislovas
.353
Burbienc
Sigita
.356
Buténas
Vladas
.361
Butkcvičius
Algïrdas
.363
Dagys
Rimantas
Jonas.367
Dalinkeviäus
Gediminas
.371
Dmi tri jcvas
Sergejus
.374
Einoris Vy
tau
tas
.376
Gcnzelis
ßronislovas .381
Germanas
Ncris
.385
Giedraitis Alfonsas.387
GylysPovilas.389
Greičiunas
Valentinas.
391
Greimas Algimantas
Amanas
.394
Gudaitis Romas.396
Tešmantas Gintautas
.399
IlgCmas Stanislovas
Gediminas
.403
Ivaškcvičius Arvydas
.406
Jagminas
Broni sio
vas
.408
Januśka
Albinas
.410
Juozaitienć
Júrate
.412
Juozapaitis
Jonas.415
Jurkus
Jonas .417
Juršénas
Oslovas
.420
Juškus Vytautas
.428
Kairys Antanas
.430
Kaniava Edvardas
.432
Karcčka Edvardas
.435
Karoblis Antanas
.437
Karosas
Justinas
.439
Katkus Valdcmaras
.444
Kirkilas Gediminas
.446
Kirvelis Dobilas
Jonas.451
Kolosauskas Feliksas
.454
Korenka
Jonas .456
Kriščiunas
Kęstutis
.459
Kruźintiuskas
Srasys
.
4o2
Kuberravičius
Kçstutis
.464
Kubüius Jonas.466
Is.unćinas
Algirdas
.468
Unkevičius
Linas Antanas .472
Macaitis Alfonsas .475
Mačernius
Zenonas .478
MačiuHs
Valentinas.
481
Markauskas Rimantas .483
Medvcdcvas Nikolajus.485
Mikolaitis Gintau
tas
.490
Morkunas
Donatas
.492
Narvilienéjaně
.494
Nckrašas Visvaldas
.497
Nekrośiusjuozas
.500
Nesteckis Antanas
.503
Olekasjuozas
.505
Orechovas Vladimiras
.511
Paleckis Algirdas
.513
Paleckis
Justas Vincas .
515
Palionis
Juüzas
.519
Pangonis
Jonas.522
Papovas
Petras.525
Paviržis
Gediminas Adolfas.530
Petriiuskienć
Milda
.533
Plečkaitis
Vy
tau
tas
Petras.535
Plokśto Artur
.538
Popovas Vasilijus
.542
Povilaitis
Zigmas.545
Požela
Juras
.547
Pranevičius Vincentas
.550
Pronckus Mykolas.552
Pulokas Alfonsas
.556
Purvaneckiené Giedré
.558
Raistenskisjuozas
.561
Ražauskas
Algirdas
.563
Rimas Algis
.565
Rimkus
Kęsrutis
.568
Rudys Audrius .570
Rudzys Romualdas
.575
Ruzas Rimancas
.577
Sabatauskas
Julius.580
Sakalas Aloyzas
.583
Salamakinas
Algìmantas
.590
Saulis
Vytautas
.595
Sci-eika
Albertas
.599
Sinkevičius Rimantas
.601
Sysas
Algirdas
.604
Stasiunaité Vida
.608
Siaulienè
Irena
.610
ŠHčytéZita.
614
Smigelskienc Gražina
.616
Tauras
Algimantas Povilas
.618
Uoka Kazimieras
.620
Utovka
Jurgis
.623
Valatka
Jonas.625
Valys Antanas
.628
Velikonis Virmantas
.630
Vésaité Biruté
.635
Vitkevičius Pranciškus
Stanislovas .639
Zimnickas Vytautas Vidmantas
.641
Zingc
ris
Emanuelis
.643
Zuoza Rolandas
.646
Zakaitienè
Roma .649
Žakaris Edvardas
.652
Žalys Alfonsas
.654
Žebrauskasjuozas
.657
PR1EDAI
.659
Santrumpos
.689
Pavardzia
rodyklć
.692
Summary.
707
Social
Democrats in the
Seimas
of the Republic of Lithuania
(1920-2006)
/;)
¡nontis
О
/tA-.is
Social Democracy is an ideology, an institutionalized political movement, and the \va\
of life to some people. In the 1890s social democratic ideas gained
influencu
amonu
the multinational urban proletariat of the capital Vilnius and, somewhat later, became
influential among the ethnic Lithuanian intelligentsia as well. Therefore, social demo
cratic movement in Lithuania was not only engaged in a struggle for social justice,
but was also reflective of a rising national consciousness of ethnic Lithuanians. The
constitutive Declaration of Lithuanian Social Democratic Part)1 (LSDP) adopted on
May
1st, 1896
was based on a mixture of ideas that included calls for social justice
as well as promotion of cth no-national emancipation of the Lithuanian nation from
the Tsarist Russian domination and oppression. The program stated that the ultimate
goal of T,SDP was creation of "an independent democratic republic consisting of
Lithuania, Poland and other countries based on free federation." It also advocated
legalization of the Lithuanian language press banned by the Tsarist government since
1864.
Advancement of social justice as well as calls for the national liberation struggle
promoted by LSDP were influential in shaping the course of Lithuanian history during
crucial events and developments of the last century: in the Great Scimas of Vilnius
of
1905;
in activities of the Lithuanian Coundl
(1917-1918)
and undertakings of the
Lithuania's Chief Liberation committee
(1943-1991),
and, finally, and in activities of
the
Sajüdis
movement of the
perestroïka
period which culminated in restoration of
Lithuania's independence on March
1
lth,
1990.
In
2006
Lithuanian Social Democratic
Parts1
commemorates its 110th anniversary.
The book "Social Democrats in the
Seimas
of the Republic of Lithuania" describes
the people who have been representing Lithuanian Social Democracy in the legisla¬
tive activities of all democratically elected Parliaments of the Republic of Lithuania.
The Introduction provides an overview of socio-political and historical context that
shaped LSDP evolution in the recent Lithuanian history as well as notes most im¬
portant features of its parliamentary and political activities. The first chapter of
the book covers the early period of LSDP history from the party
s establishment
in
1896
until the Constituent
Seimas
of the Lithuanian Republic of
1420.
The sec¬
ond chapter describes LSDP history from
1920
until dissolution of the
Seimas in
1927
following the December
17, 1926
military
coup d'état
in Lithuania, includes
alphabetized biographies of the LSDP members who served in
Seimas
during the
."" ." . . ■ ■ ■ 707
1920s.
The forth and the fifth chapters describe LSDP activities during the authori¬
tarian rule of the President Antanas Smctona, Nazi and Soviet occupations, and in
the emigration and exile until restoration of Lithuania's independence in
1990.
The
sixth chapter covers LSDP activities from
1990
until
Мяу
1st, 2006
celebrations of
the party's 110th anniversary. Alphabetized biographies of LSDP representatives in
Scimas during the most recent period of its history are also provided.
LSDP began its legislative activities in the Constituent
Seimas
of the Republic of
Lithuania following the end of World War
1.
Due to the military
coup d'état
of
1926
and the annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union in
1940,
the democratically
elected parliaments in the country managed to function only for twenty three years.
In the history of democratic parliamentary activities of the Republic of Lithuania
two distinct periods can be discerned. The first period lasted from
1920
until
1927.
The second period started on March 10th,
1990
and continues up to
α
present day.
The Constituent Scimas of the Republic of Lithuania of the first period was elected
two years after the proclamation of Lithuania's independence in
1918.
Elections
were held according to the Law on Election of the Constituent
Seimas
throughout
the territory of the country (with an exception of the Vilnius region which since
1920
was annexed by Poland).
Elections to the Supreme Council of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR.)
of the twelfth-call (which later served as the Supreme Council-Re-constitutcd
Seimas
of the second period), were held in
1990
when the country was still annexed by the
USSR. The last elections in the Soviet Lithuania were held according to the Law on
Elections of the Supreme Council of the LSSR. It was
α
time when the Soviet army
was actively intervening in political developments of the country while the Soviet
military officers' family members were eligible to participate in national elections.
Despite presence of the Soviet Army, elections to the 12th Supreme Council of
LSSR are generally considered to have been fair and democratic. Its deputies felt
empowered by the Lithuanian people to proclaim restoration of Lithuania's po¬
litical independence from the Soviet Union by issuing the Act of Independence
Restoration of
1990,
In
1996
the
Seimas
decided to re-name the Supreme Council
of the Republic of Lithuania into the Supreme Countil
-
Re-cons
titucn t Seimas
of
the Republic of Lithuania (SC-RS).
Social democrats became active as soon as the Constituent
Seimas
of
1920
was
convened. On June 23d,
1920
the Social Democratic faction in the Scimas had pro¬
claimed its declaration of intent. The Declaration identified Social Democrats' goals
and actions to be pursued in
Seimas.
Some of the goals and strategies described in
this document are still relevant for the party today. The text of the declaration and
other documents related to the initial period of LSDP activities are presented in the
Appendices to this volume. In the early
1920s
the President of the Republic of the
Lithuania was elected by the
Seimas.
During the early
1990s
the democratically elected Lithuanian
Seimas
had to elaborate and
adopt the new constitution of the countiy; laws of the Republic of Lithuania needed to
be chvclopco as well as later harmonized with the
Пигореап
Union
législature.
708 ■ . .-.-.
Initially in
rhť
.Supreme Council-Re constituent
Seimas
felectc-d in
І'ЯП)
tluic were
no parliamentary political groupings. Parliamentarians hesitated to
1<>пп
pum
kľ-cd
political groups so as not to undermine the Supreme Councils unin in its opposition
to Moscow's rule. At the same time there were relatively few deputies in
tlie
Seimas
elected on various political parly tickets. When the process of creation
oí'
political
factions in
Seimas
began, deputies belonging to the same part)- participated in the
activities of different political groups.
When the
centrisi politicai
group entitled
Centro
was formed, many LSDP members
got involved in its activities.
Slili
other social democrats chose to join other factions;
finally, there were few deputies who decided to suspend their activities in LSDP al¬
together. As
politica]
consolidation process in ihe country was advancing, a number
of non-affiliated
Seimas
members as well as representatives of other political parties
and groups who participated in the activities of the
Centro
political group subse¬
quently joined LSDP.
Following November 25th,
1992
elections Lithuanian Social Democratic Party
announced the establishment of the LSDP political faction in the Scimas. In
1992-1996
and
1996-2000
election cycles, LSDP and the Lithuanian Democratic
Labor Party (LDLP)
-
had their corresponding factions in
Seimas.
F.ach of the
two groups included several members who did not belong, correspondingly, either
to LSDP, or to LDLP.
Following the
2000
parliamentary elections, the enlarged Social Democratic faction
in Seimas was formed from Social Democrats, LDLP representatives as well as the
delegates of the Union of Russians in Lithuania (LDLP-LSDP-URL). In
2001
LSDP
and LDLP merged retaining the name "Lithuanian Social Democratic Part)·."
Trom
2004
until
2006
Social Democratic faction is made up of LSDP members only.
This book includes expanded biographies of
153
members of the Lithuanian Social
Democratic Party who were elected to the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania.
Thirty three of them represented LSDP in
1920-1927,
while the remaining
120
in
1990-2006.
Also presented are biographies of five politicians who had joined
the Social Democratic faction in Seimas, but were affiliated with the Lithuanian
Socialist People's Party, the Christian Democratic Union and the Union of ihe
Russians in Lithuania.
Out of
112
members of the Constituent Seimas
(1920-1922), 12
joined the Social
Democratic faction. The first
(1923-1923)
and the second
(1923-1926)
Scimas had
78
members each, while Social Democratic factions consisted of, correspondingly,
10
and
8
members. Out of
85
members of the third Seimas
(1926-1927), 15
were
affiliated with the Social Democratic faction. In the Constituent Seimas, the first,
and the second Seimas LSDP was in opposition, whereas in the third Seimas Social
Democrats were the ruling majority delegating their members to the Government.
While in the Constituent Seimas Social Democrats were represented exclusively bv
men, in the first, second, and the third Seimas LSDP delegation also included one
female representative
-
L. Purcnicne. In the Constituent Seimas LSDP delegates
were of
30-40
years of age or younger. LSDP members varied widely in regards
70')
to their social-economic and educational background. There were representatives
of the peasantry as well as university graduates in the party. The LSDP delega¬
tion was the best-educated faction in
Seimas.
Prior to becoming members of the
Constituent
Seimas,
some LSDP delegates were employed as engineers, lawyers,
teachers, and social workers. Although relatively young, LSDP representatives had
significant political experience and were strongly committed to social democratic
ideas and values. Some of the LSDP delegates had been arrested and incarcerated
by the Tsarist police, later also by authoritarian regime of President A. Smetona
who came to power in the
coup d'état
of
1926
and ruled Lithuania until
1940.
Upon Lithuania's annexation by the USSR in
1940,
Social Democrats were sub¬
jected to prosecutions by the Stalinist regime, exiled to prison camps in Siberia, or
experienced an expatriate's fate in the West.
After the ban imposed by the authoritarian regime on the activities of Lithuanian
Social Democratic Party in
1936
and the long-lasting smothering of the LSDP ac¬
tivities in the underground and emigration at the time when Lithuania's annexa¬
tion was corning to an end, it was quite logical that people who had survived the
Stalinist regime prisons and exile and those who were active in dissident movement
in their homeland as well as those who represented foreign delegation of LSDP in
the West contributed to restoration of Lithuania's Social Democratic party activities
in
1989.
Some of them, i.e., V P.
Andríukaítís, K. Antanavíčius, G. iešraantas
and
A. Sakalas were the most prominent carriers of social democratic ideas on the way
to the Supreme Council
-
Re-constituent
Seimas
elections.
Among
141
deputies of the Supreme
Council-Re-constituent Seimas, 13
members
represented LSDP. Throughout the years LSDP representation in the country's leg¬
islature continued to change due to new members joining the party and the present
members leaving the LSDP. In a process of LSDP consolidation, a nucleus of party
activists came forward. The majority of them were in their 30s and 40s, were of
working class and farming background, and held post-secondary degrees. Few LSDP
representatives were university professors with advanced academic degrees.
When the Act of the
Reestablishment
of Lithuania's Independence was signed
21
member of the Supreme Council
-
Re-constituent
Seimas
were representatives of
the LSDP or joined it afterwards. Out of
141
members of
Seimas,
social democratic
political faction consisted of
8
members in
1992-1996; 12
members in
1996-2000;
54
members in
2000-2004;
and
22
members in
2004-2008.
The number of the
LDLP members in
Seimas was
as follows: in
1990-1992 - 10; 1992-1996 - 72;
1996-2000 - 13.
In
2000-2004
the number of women in the LSDP political faction
was the highest in
Seimas,
contributing to the diversity of the national legislature.
LSDP was acting as a constructive opposition in the SC-RS of
1990-1992,
as well as
in
Seimas
from
Î
992
until
2001.
hi July
2001
LSDP became a member
oí
the ruling
coalition in
Seimas
dominating the legislature and the coalition government.
Throughout its history LSDP faction leadership was represented by some of the
most prominent and talented Lithuanian politicians. In the interwar period
Seimas
S.Kiiirys
and
J.PIečkaitis
served four terms as representatives of LSDP faction; three
inrcrwar
Seimas
terms were served by these LSDP faction members; K.liielinis,
j.Daukšys,
VX ialini*,
and
L.Purónicne.
Since fc establishment of' Lithuania's indejxn
dence in
1990,
tuur
Seimas
terms had been served, or arc continuing to he served by
social democrats V.P.Andriukaitis, J.Ivarosas, G.Kirkilas, N.Medvedesas, P.Papovas,
A. Sakalas, A.Salamakinas and
I.Šiauliené;
three Scimas terms had been served, or
are continuing to be served by J.Bcrnatonis,
S.Burbiené,
A.Butkevicius, V.Hinoris,
J.Olekas,
A.Plokšto,
M.Pronckus, V.Saulis,
Л.Ѕуѕаѕ,
V.Velikonis and
R.Žakaitieně.
However, the longest-serving social democrat is
CJuršenas
who is currently in his
fifth term in
Seimas.
LSDP Political
Pfotform
and Activities in
1920-1927,
LSDP vigorously promoted consolidation of democracy in Lithuania, freedom of
human self-expression, better working conditions, and higher wages for working
men and women. Members of the LSDP also spoke in favour of an amnesty to
all political prisoners stood firmly for broader rights of trade unions in represent¬
ing workers' interests, and protecting rights of ethnic minorities in Lithuania and
elsewhere. Significantly, LSDP actively promoted the land reform in the Lithuania,
which was to include the establishment of agricultural cooperative system in the
country. For this purpose LSDP proposed not to subdivide large estates into small
private land holdings, but to commission the Estate councils to administer them so
that "die land is cultivated by larger workers' association farms, where all the agri¬
cultural improvement techniques and machines could be better utilized to raise the
productivity of agriculture."
In
pre-
WWII Lithuania LSDP advocated upholding of a strict fiscal discipline in
budget planning, better funding for education and culture, reduction of indirect
taxes, and establishment of a progressive tax code. LSDP members fought ardently
against attempts to introduce Presidential republic in Lithuania, as well as lobbied
for abolition of the death penalty. As members of opposition, LSDP representatives
promoted the party agenda not only by participating in activities of various
Seimas
commissions and public forums, but also through submission of inquiries and inter¬
pellations to the ministers and other state officials.
The first legislative initiative of the LSDP since joining the ruling coalition in
1926
was submission of the bill on amnesty to
Seimas
that was soon adopted into the law.
The death penalty in Lithuania was also abolished. Social Democrats set a task to
implement a compulsory primary education in a country and to improve educational
system for adults. LSDP submitted bills to the
Seimas
on social insurance for work¬
ers, on accidental insurance, as well as on funding of patients' medical treatment.
Such legislative initiatives indicate that LSDP consistently pursued democratization
and social welfare policies with the intent of making prc-WWII Lithuania into one
of the most democratic states in the Central Europe of that time, Regretfully, the
authoritarian
coup d'état
of
1926
in Lithuania aborted democratic reforms in the
country, which were to be resumed only in the early
1990s.
71
US DP Political Platform and Activities since
í
990.
On 24th of February,
1990
LSDP as a member of a coalition of Lithuanian reform
movement
Sajűdis,
participated in elections to the 12th Supreme Council of the
T «SSR.
Tn their capacity as a coalition member, LSDP members were actively involved in prep¬
aration of Lithuania's declaration of independence from USSR. V. Andriukaitis was
the most important LSDP figure at this stage of the party activities.
The political situation had changed significantly following the adoption by
Seimas
(on the 11th of March,
1990)
of the Act of Independence Restoration. Positions
taken by the majority of
SąjCidis
coalition members on various issues began to di¬
verge from the LSDP members' opinions. Because of political disagreements, LSDP
leadership decided to leave the
Sąjudis
coalition establish
a Centro
political group in
the
Seimas.
Activities of LSDP as a constructive oppositional party lasted until June
2001.
While
in opposition, LSDP consistently defended democratic values, pluralism, promoted
dialogue among groups with differing views and opinions, advocated the expansion
of social welfare for poor and
dis
advantaged, and argued for retaining state control
of strategically important economic objects. LSDP also advocated administrative
reform in the country, which emphasized devolution of decision making from the
central to municipal governments and strengthening various forms of civic engage¬
ment. Among the other significant LSDP initiatives there was a bill to reform the
county's tax code as well as estabHshment of the national highway fund to maintain
and enhance the country's transportation infrastructure.
While in opposition, Social Democrats voted against the law on land reform pro¬
posed by the ruling Conservative party. Reforms mandated a return of all agricul¬
tural land worked by Soviet era collective farms to its
pre-
WWII owners and/or their
descendente
as well as privatization of collective farm property. The land reform
proved to be very unpopular and caused widespread dissatisfaction with the govern¬
ment policies. LSDP also lobbied actively against strengthening of the president's
powers at the expense of the legislative and judicial authorities.
It is important to mention Social Democrats' position in regard to introduction of
national currency
- Utas in
Lithuania. LSDP suggested replacing the provisional
money of the early
1990s
by
Litas
using a differentiated exchange rate. This would
have allowed to compensate depreciated bank deposits of the residents without ad¬
ditional state expenditures as well as to increase purchasing power of low income
Lithuanian residents.
Regretfully, the proposal was rejected both by the ruling majority and the rightists'
opposition which had negative long-lasting consequences to the development of
Lithuanian economy and social policy. Nevertheless, we can state that during this
period socialdemocrats were consistently pursuing
parñamentary
traditions of the
LSDP attempting to defend their programme and electoral provisions.
Situation had changed significantly in June
2001
when LSDP formed a coalition
with the New Union/Social Liberal party to become the ruling majority in
Seimas.
712 . . .-.
(.minion
lIiosl-
tlie
Chairman of the LSDP Algirdas
Вгаиашкаѕ
for the post
ui"
Prime
Minister,
aiul
a number of I
.SDP
members joined the Cabinet.
During
ils
period ia power, I,
SDP
took upon itself obligations to repay the depreci
at
ed
savings of the residents, to compensate citizens for real estate and the land,
tí)
light
ι
he economic recession, to reduce the rapidly growing rate of unemployment,
and accelerate the processes of integration of Lithuania into the NATO and the
Huropean Union.
Overall I.SDP was successful in dealing with the
majority
of these tasks. In
2004
Lithuania joined the NATO and the
EU;
Lithuania participated in preparation and
ratification of the F.uropean Constitutional Treaty; the unemployment rate in the
country was significantly reduced, repayment of the deposits and compensations to
the citizens was accelerated, while the national economy continued to expand at a
high rate. New provisions on school tuition and reorganization of higher education
have been implemented. Tuition payments in institutions of higher education were
considerably reduced enabling young people from lower-income families to seek
and obtain higher education; state expenditures on
éducation
increased. Per capita
income and savings Have been steadily increasing.
LSDP led government also initiated significant health care reforms. Programs of
preventive and early diagnosis were introduced, plans for restructuring health care
institutions have been approved and more financial resources have been aUocated to
develop and improve quality of medical services and institutions.
There was an increase in salaries of the state employees in fields of culture, health
care and education; the minimum wage was raised as well as the minimum non-tax¬
able income. Support for families with small children was also strengthened.
Certainly, mistakes also had been made. Some laws were passed in a rush making it-
necessary to amend the adopted legal acts and modify the government's resolutions.
It was a difficult task to balance such competing priorities as stimulating investment
and economic growth and, at the same time, expanding social welfare provisions.
Overall, LSDP's governing from
2001
to
2004
was marked by important achieve¬
ments as well as persistent difficulties in dealing with structural problems plaguing
the Lithuanian economy and society. As a result, citizens1 confidence and trust in
LSDP had declined. However, large segments of Lithuanian population continued
to support and vote for LSDP enabling it to form a majority coalition government
following
2004
elections.
Following
2004
elections LSDP entered into a coalition with three more parties:
New Union/Social-Liberals, Labour, and Farmers-peasants. Due to differences in
views, political experience, and personal disagreements, tensions among the political
partners were occasionally threatening to break-up the coalition agreement. At these
times LSDP strived to uphold a principle that its actions should be directed first and
foremost to enhance the welfare of the country as a whole.
Illustrative in this respect were the most recent changes in taxation policies ap¬
proved by Scimas in
2005.
In debates leading to changes in tax laws LSDP political
■-. .---. ■ 713
group in
Seimas
strongly advocated a progressive taxation code, but was defeated.
Nevertheless, a compromise agreement later had been reached. Although flat tax
reduction rate were to be applied to all income brackets, a provisional measure of
an additional social tax on corporate profit was introduced. Such changes enabled
transfer of a part of tax burden from labour to the capital.
In part because of LSDP commitment and support, the minimum wage and the
non-taxed minimum in Lithuania continues to grow while social programs are expe¬
riencing a moderate expansion. LSDP also strongly supported Constitutional amend¬
ments necessary to introduce European Union currency, the EURO, in Lithuania.
LSDP firmly believes and remains committed to social-democratic principles despite
being restricted by certain circumstances of our time, especially the expanding global
economic competition. Nevertheless, LSDP remains strongly committed to its fu¬
ture vision of Lithuania as a social welfare state.
714 |
| adam_txt |
Turinys
liktuvos socialdemokratija
ir
jos
parlamentine
vehoa.^
lietuvos socialdemokratai ii<i steigiamojo
ѕешо
.17
sodatjdemokratailietuvosiiespubukos setmuose
1920-1927. 63
socialdemokrati;
frakcijos nariij biogramos
lietuvos
respublikos
1920-1927
m.
seimuüse
.103
Bielinis Kipras
.105
В
udrei
ka Adornas
.110
Cirtautas Bronislovas
.
Ill
Čepinskis
Vincas
.114
Daukšys
Jurgis
.118
Digrys
Scasys
.121
Epšteinas Lazaris
.125
Gali
nis
Vincas.
127
Jakubauskas
Bonaventuras.131
Januškis
Jonas.132
Juchnevičius
Vaitiekus.135
Kairys Steponas
.136
Kedys Juozas
.141
Kromeris
Hcnrikas
Jurgis
.143
Lekeckas
Kazys
.145
Markauskas Mečys
.147
Markelis
Jonas.151
Mikulskis Povilas.153
Pakalka
Jonas.155
Paplauskas Juozas
.157
Pilkauskas Antanas
.160
Plcčkaitisjeronimas
.161
Povylius Antanas
.■.167
Posela
Viadas
.170
Purčnas
Ancanas
.175
Purénienc
І.
iuda
.
li1-)
Sakalauskas
Vladas
.183
Siruravičius Vtadns
.184
Šcmioras
(Šemetas) Pranas
.187
bukevičius Eduardas
.189
Venclanskis
Kazimieras
.191
Vikonis Pranas
.195
Žukauskas Alfonsas
.198
UETUVOS SOCIAJUDKMOKRATAI PO
III
SE1MO
РАТ.КШШО1927-1940.201
UF.TUVOS SOCIALDKMOKKATAI
OKUPACIJU
METAIS
IREMlGRACIJOJE
.223
LSDP, SAVARANKTŠKOJI LKP, LDDP UETUVOS RESPUBUKOS
SEIMUOSK
1990-2006.249
SOCIALDEMOKRAT^
TRAKCIJOS NARIU BIOGRAMOS
TJETUVOS RESPUBUKOS
1990-2005
M. SEIMUOSE
.289
Adomaitis Zenonas
Petras.291
Akstinavičius Arvydas
.293
Alesionka
Leonas
.295
Andňukaitis Vy tenis Povilas
.297
A
n
tanai
tis
Jonas Algirdas .306
Antanavičius Kazimieras
.308
Arbačiauskas Vytautas
.312
Babonienć Ona
.314
Bajoras Arvydas
.317
Balčytis Zigmantas
.319
Baravykas Vydas
.322
Baskas Antanas
.324
Bastys Mindaugas
.326
Bendinskas Aleksandras
.328
Bcrio^ovas Vladimiras
.330
Bernatonisjuozas
.333
Bloškys Romualdas Ignas
.336
Bradřiuskas Bronius
.338
Brazauskas Algirdas
.341
Huti revičius
Junas
.347
Buincvičius Vytauras
Algimantas
.350
Bulovas
Virgilijus Vladislovas
.353
Burbienc
Sigita
.356
Buténas
Vladas
.361
Butkcvičius
Algïrdas
.363
Dagys
Rimantas
Jonas.367
Dalinkeviäus
Gediminas
.371
Dmi tri jcvas
Sergejus
.374
Einoris Vy
tau
tas
.376
Gcnzelis
ßronislovas .381
Germanas
Ncris
.385
Giedraitis Alfonsas.387
GylysPovilas.389
Greičiunas
Valentinas.
391
Greimas Algimantas
Amanas
.394
Gudaitis Romas.396
Tešmantas Gintautas
.399
IlgCmas Stanislovas
Gediminas
.403
Ivaškcvičius Arvydas
.406
Jagminas
Broni sio
vas
.408
Januśka
Albinas
.410
Juozaitienć
Júrate
.412
Juozapaitis
Jonas.415
Jurkus
Jonas .417
Juršénas
Oslovas
.420
Juškus Vytautas
.428
Kairys Antanas
.430
Kaniava Edvardas
.432
Karcčka Edvardas
.435
Karoblis Antanas
.437
Karosas
Justinas
.439
Katkus Valdcmaras
.444
Kirkilas Gediminas
.446
Kirvelis Dobilas
Jonas.451
Kolosauskas Feliksas
.454
Korenka
Jonas .456
Kriščiunas
Kęstutis
.459
Kruźintiuskas
Srasys
.
4o2
Kuberravičius
Kçstutis
.464
Kubüius Jonas.466
Is.unćinas
Algirdas
.468
Unkevičius
Linas Antanas .472
Macaitis Alfonsas .475
Mačernius
Zenonas .478
MačiuHs
Valentinas.
481
Markauskas Rimantas .483
Medvcdcvas Nikolajus.485
Mikolaitis Gintau
tas
.490
Morkunas
Donatas
.492
Narvilienéjaně
.494
Nckrašas Visvaldas
.497
Nekrośiusjuozas
.500
Nesteckis Antanas
.503
Olekasjuozas
.505
Orechovas Vladimiras
.511
Paleckis Algirdas
.513
Paleckis
Justas Vincas .
515
Palionis
Juüzas
.519
Pangonis
Jonas.522
Papovas
Petras.525
Paviržis
Gediminas Adolfas.530
Petriiuskienć
Milda
.533
Plečkaitis
Vy
tau
tas
Petras.535
Plokśto Artur
.538
Popovas Vasilijus
.542
Povilaitis
Zigmas.545
Požela
Juras
.547
Pranevičius Vincentas
.550
Pronckus Mykolas.552
Pulokas Alfonsas
.556
Purvaneckiené Giedré
.558
Raistenskisjuozas
.561
Ražauskas
Algirdas
.563
Rimas Algis
.565
Rimkus
Kęsrutis
.568
Rudys Audrius .570
Rudzys Romualdas
.575
Ruzas Rimancas
.577
Sabatauskas
Julius.580
Sakalas Aloyzas
.583
Salamakinas
Algìmantas
.590
Saulis
Vytautas
.595
Sci-eika
Albertas
.599
Sinkevičius Rimantas
.601
Sysas
Algirdas
.604
Stasiunaité Vida
.608
Siaulienè
Irena
.610
ŠHčytéZita.
614
Smigelskienc Gražina
.616
Tauras
Algimantas Povilas
.618
Uoka Kazimieras
.620
Utovka
Jurgis
.623
Valatka
Jonas.625
Valys Antanas
.628
Velikonis Virmantas
.630
Vésaité Biruté
.635
Vitkevičius Pranciškus
Stanislovas .639
Zimnickas Vytautas Vidmantas
.641
Zingc
ris
Emanuelis
.643
Zuoza Rolandas
.646
Zakaitienè
Roma .649
Žakaris Edvardas
.652
Žalys Alfonsas
.654
Žebrauskasjuozas
.657
PR1EDAI
.659
Santrumpos
.689
Pavardzia
rodyklć
.692
Summary.
707
Social
Democrats in the
Seimas
of the Republic of Lithuania
(1920-2006)
/;)
¡nontis
О
/tA-.is
Social Democracy is an ideology, an institutionalized political movement, and the \va\
of life to some people. In the 1890s social democratic ideas gained
influencu
amonu
the multinational urban proletariat of the capital Vilnius and, somewhat later, became
influential among the ethnic Lithuanian intelligentsia as well. Therefore, social demo
cratic movement in Lithuania was not only engaged in a struggle for social justice,
but was also reflective of a rising national consciousness of ethnic Lithuanians. The
constitutive Declaration of Lithuanian Social Democratic Part)1 (LSDP) adopted on
May
1st, 1896
was based on a mixture of ideas that included calls for social justice
as well as promotion of cth no-national emancipation of the Lithuanian nation from
the Tsarist Russian domination and oppression. The program stated that the ultimate
goal of T,SDP was creation of "an independent democratic republic consisting of
Lithuania, Poland and other countries based on free federation." It also advocated
legalization of the Lithuanian language press banned by the Tsarist government since
1864.
Advancement of social justice as well as calls for the national liberation struggle
promoted by LSDP were influential in shaping the course of Lithuanian history during
crucial events and developments of the last century: in the Great Scimas of Vilnius
of
1905;
in activities of the Lithuanian Coundl
(1917-1918)
and undertakings of the
Lithuania's Chief Liberation committee
(1943-1991),
and, finally, and in activities of
the
Sajüdis
movement of the
perestroïka
period which culminated in restoration of
Lithuania's independence on March
1
lth,
1990.
In
2006
Lithuanian Social Democratic
Parts1
commemorates its 110th anniversary.
The book "Social Democrats in the
Seimas
of the Republic of Lithuania" describes
the people who have been representing Lithuanian Social Democracy in the legisla¬
tive activities of all democratically elected Parliaments of the Republic of Lithuania.
The Introduction provides an overview of socio-political and historical context that
shaped LSDP evolution in the recent Lithuanian history as well as notes most im¬
portant features of its parliamentary and political activities. The first chapter of
the book covers the early period of LSDP history from the party
s establishment
in
1896
until the Constituent
Seimas
of the Lithuanian Republic of
1420.
The sec¬
ond chapter describes LSDP history from
1920
until dissolution of the
Seimas in
1927
following the December
17, 1926
military
coup d'état
in Lithuania, includes
alphabetized biographies of the LSDP members who served in
Seimas
during the
."" ." . . ■ ■ ■ 707
1920s.
The forth and the fifth chapters describe LSDP activities during the authori¬
tarian rule of the President Antanas Smctona, Nazi and Soviet occupations, and in
the emigration and exile until restoration of Lithuania's independence in
1990.
The
sixth chapter covers LSDP activities from
1990
until
Мяу
1st, 2006
celebrations of
the party's 110th anniversary. Alphabetized biographies of LSDP representatives in
Scimas during the most recent period of its history are also provided.
LSDP began its legislative activities in the Constituent
Seimas
of the Republic of
Lithuania following the end of World War
1.
Due to the military
coup d'état
of
1926
and the annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union in
1940,
the democratically
elected parliaments in the country managed to function only for twenty three years.
In the history of democratic parliamentary activities of the Republic of Lithuania
two distinct periods can be discerned. The first period lasted from
1920
until
1927.
The second period started on March 10th,
1990
and continues up to
α
present day.
The Constituent Scimas of the Republic of Lithuania of the first period was elected
two years after the proclamation of Lithuania's independence in
1918.
Elections
were held according to the Law on Election of the Constituent
Seimas
throughout
the territory of the country (with an exception of the Vilnius region which since
1920
was annexed by Poland).
Elections to the Supreme Council of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR.)
of the twelfth-call (which later served as the Supreme Council-Re-constitutcd
Seimas
of the second period), were held in
1990
when the country was still annexed by the
USSR. The last elections in the Soviet Lithuania were held according to the Law on
Elections of the Supreme Council of the LSSR. It was
α
time when the Soviet army
was actively intervening in political developments of the country while the Soviet
military officers' family members were eligible to participate in national elections.
Despite presence of the Soviet Army, elections to the 12th Supreme Council of
LSSR are generally considered to have been fair and democratic. Its deputies felt
empowered by the Lithuanian people to proclaim restoration of Lithuania's po¬
litical independence from the Soviet Union by issuing the Act of Independence
Restoration of
1990,
In
1996
the
Seimas
decided to re-name the Supreme Council
of the Republic of Lithuania into the Supreme Countil
-
Re-cons
titucn t Seimas
of
the Republic of Lithuania (SC-RS).
Social democrats became active as soon as the Constituent
Seimas
of
1920
was
convened. On June 23d,
1920
the Social Democratic faction in the Scimas had pro¬
claimed its declaration of intent. The Declaration identified Social Democrats' goals
and actions to be pursued in
Seimas.
Some of the goals and strategies described in
this document are still relevant for the party today. The text of the declaration and
other documents related to the initial period of LSDP activities are presented in the
Appendices to this volume. In the early
1920s
the President of the Republic of the
Lithuania was elected by the
Seimas.
During the early
1990s
the democratically elected Lithuanian
Seimas
had to elaborate and
adopt the new constitution of the countiy; laws of the Republic of Lithuania needed to
be chvclopco as well as later harmonized with the
Пигореап
Union
législature.
708 ■ . .-.-.
Initially in
rhť
.Supreme Council-Re constituent
Seimas
felectc-d in
І'ЯП)
tluic were
no parliamentary political groupings. Parliamentarians hesitated to
1<>пп
pum
kľ-cd
political groups so as not to undermine the Supreme Councils unin in its opposition
to Moscow's rule. At the same time there were relatively few deputies in
tlie
Seimas
elected on various political parly tickets. When the process of creation
oí'
political
factions in
Seimas
began, deputies belonging to the same part)- participated in the
activities of different political groups.
When the
centrisi politicai
group entitled
Centro
was formed, many LSDP members
got involved in its activities.
Slili
other social democrats chose to join other factions;
finally, there were few deputies who decided to suspend their activities in LSDP al¬
together. As
politica]
consolidation process in ihe country was advancing, a number
of non-affiliated
Seimas
members as well as representatives of other political parties
and groups who participated in the activities of the
Centro
political group subse¬
quently joined LSDP.
Following November 25th,
1992
elections Lithuanian Social Democratic Party
announced the establishment of the LSDP political faction in the Scimas. In
1992-1996
and
1996-2000
election cycles, LSDP and the Lithuanian Democratic
Labor Party (LDLP)
-
had their corresponding factions in
Seimas.
F.ach of the
two groups included several members who did not belong, correspondingly, either
to LSDP, or to LDLP.
Following the
2000
parliamentary elections, the enlarged Social Democratic faction
in Seimas was formed from Social Democrats, LDLP representatives as well as the
delegates of the Union of Russians in Lithuania (LDLP-LSDP-URL). In
2001
LSDP
and LDLP merged retaining the name "Lithuanian Social Democratic Part)·."
Trom
2004
until
2006
Social Democratic faction is made up of LSDP members only.
This book includes expanded biographies of
153
members of the Lithuanian Social
Democratic Party who were elected to the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania.
Thirty three of them represented LSDP in
1920-1927,
while the remaining
120
in
1990-2006.
Also presented are biographies of five politicians who had joined
the Social Democratic faction in Seimas, but were affiliated with the Lithuanian
Socialist People's Party, the Christian Democratic Union and the Union of ihe
Russians in Lithuania.
Out of
112
members of the Constituent Seimas
(1920-1922), 12
joined the Social
Democratic faction. The first
(1923-1923)
and the second
(1923-1926)
Scimas had
78
members each, while Social Democratic factions consisted of, correspondingly,
10
and
8
members. Out of
85
members of the third Seimas
(1926-1927), 15
were
affiliated with the Social Democratic faction. In the Constituent Seimas, the first,
and the second Seimas LSDP was in opposition, whereas in the third Seimas Social
Democrats were the ruling majority delegating their members to the Government.
While in the Constituent Seimas Social Democrats were represented exclusively bv
men, in the first, second, and the third Seimas LSDP delegation also included one
female representative
-
L. Purcnicne. In the Constituent Seimas LSDP delegates
were of
30-40
years of age or younger. LSDP members varied widely in regards
70')
to their social-economic and educational background. There were representatives
of the peasantry as well as university graduates in the party. The LSDP delega¬
tion was the best-educated faction in
Seimas.
Prior to becoming members of the
Constituent
Seimas,
some LSDP delegates were employed as engineers, lawyers,
teachers, and social workers. Although relatively young, LSDP representatives had
significant political experience and were strongly committed to social democratic
ideas and values. Some of the LSDP delegates had been arrested and incarcerated
by the Tsarist police, later also by authoritarian regime of President A. Smetona
who came to power in the
coup d'état
of
1926
and ruled Lithuania until
1940.
Upon Lithuania's annexation by the USSR in
1940,
Social Democrats were sub¬
jected to prosecutions by the Stalinist regime, exiled to prison camps in Siberia, or
experienced an expatriate's fate in the West.
After the ban imposed by the authoritarian regime on the activities of Lithuanian
Social Democratic Party in
1936
and the long-lasting smothering of the LSDP ac¬
tivities in the underground and emigration at the time when Lithuania's annexa¬
tion was corning to an end, it was quite logical that people who had survived the
Stalinist regime prisons and exile and those who were active in dissident movement
in their homeland as well as those who represented foreign delegation of LSDP in
the West contributed to restoration of Lithuania's Social Democratic party activities
in
1989.
Some of them, i.e., V P.
Andríukaítís, K. Antanavíčius, G. iešraantas
and
A. Sakalas were the most prominent carriers of social democratic ideas on the way
to the Supreme Council
-
Re-constituent
Seimas
elections.
Among
141
deputies of the Supreme
Council-Re-constituent Seimas, 13
members
represented LSDP. Throughout the years LSDP representation in the country's leg¬
islature continued to change due to new members joining the party and the present
members leaving the LSDP. In a process of LSDP consolidation, a nucleus of party
activists came forward. The majority of them were in their 30s and 40s, were of
working class and farming background, and held post-secondary degrees. Few LSDP
representatives were university professors with advanced academic degrees.
When the Act of the
Reestablishment
of Lithuania's Independence was signed
21
member of the Supreme Council
-
Re-constituent
Seimas
were representatives of
the LSDP or joined it afterwards. Out of
141
members of
Seimas,
social democratic
political faction consisted of
8
members in
1992-1996; 12
members in
1996-2000;
54
members in
2000-2004;
and
22
members in
2004-2008.
The number of the
LDLP members in
Seimas was
as follows: in
1990-1992 - 10; 1992-1996 - 72;
1996-2000 - 13.
In
2000-2004
the number of women in the LSDP political faction
was the highest in
Seimas,
contributing to the diversity of the national legislature.
LSDP was acting as a constructive opposition in the SC-RS of
1990-1992,
as well as
in
Seimas
from
Î
992
until
2001.
hi July
2001
LSDP became a member
oí
the ruling
coalition in
Seimas
dominating the legislature and the coalition government.
Throughout its history LSDP faction leadership was represented by some of the
most prominent and talented Lithuanian politicians. In the interwar period
Seimas
S.Kiiirys
and
J.PIečkaitis
served four terms as representatives of LSDP faction; three
inrcrwar
Seimas
terms were served by these LSDP faction members; K.liielinis,
j.Daukšys,
VX ialini*,
and
L.Purónicne.
Since fc establishment of' Lithuania's indejxn
dence in
1990,
tuur
Seimas
terms had been served, or arc continuing to he served by
social democrats V.P.Andriukaitis, J.Ivarosas, G.Kirkilas, N.Medvedesas, P.Papovas,
A. Sakalas, A.Salamakinas and
I.Šiauliené;
three Scimas terms had been served, or
are continuing to be served by J.Bcrnatonis,
S.Burbiené,
A.Butkevicius, V.Hinoris,
J.Olekas,
A.Plokšto,
M.Pronckus, V.Saulis,
Л.Ѕуѕаѕ,
V.Velikonis and
R.Žakaitieně.
However, the longest-serving social democrat is
CJuršenas
who is currently in his
fifth term in
Seimas.
LSDP Political
Pfotform
and Activities in
1920-1927,
LSDP vigorously promoted consolidation of democracy in Lithuania, freedom of
human self-expression, better working conditions, and higher wages for working
men and women. Members of the LSDP also spoke in favour of an amnesty to
all political prisoners stood firmly for broader rights of trade unions in represent¬
ing workers' interests, and protecting rights of ethnic minorities in Lithuania and
elsewhere. Significantly, LSDP actively promoted the land reform in the Lithuania,
which was to include the establishment of agricultural cooperative system in the
country. For this purpose LSDP proposed not to subdivide large estates into small
private land holdings, but to commission the Estate councils to administer them so
that "die land is cultivated by larger workers' association farms, where all the agri¬
cultural improvement techniques and machines could be better utilized to raise the
productivity of agriculture."
In
pre-
WWII Lithuania LSDP advocated upholding of a strict fiscal discipline in
budget planning, better funding for education and culture, reduction of indirect
taxes, and establishment of a progressive tax code. LSDP members fought ardently
against attempts to introduce Presidential republic in Lithuania, as well as lobbied
for abolition of the death penalty. As members of opposition, LSDP representatives
promoted the party agenda not only by participating in activities of various
Seimas
commissions and public forums, but also through submission of inquiries and inter¬
pellations to the ministers and other state officials.
The first legislative initiative of the LSDP since joining the ruling coalition in
1926
was submission of the bill on amnesty to
Seimas
that was soon adopted into the law.
The death penalty in Lithuania was also abolished. Social Democrats set a task to
implement a compulsory primary education in a country and to improve educational
system for adults. LSDP submitted bills to the
Seimas
on social insurance for work¬
ers, on accidental insurance, as well as on funding of patients' medical treatment.
Such legislative initiatives indicate that LSDP consistently pursued democratization
and social welfare policies with the intent of making prc-WWII Lithuania into one
of the most democratic states in the Central Europe of that time, Regretfully, the
authoritarian
coup d'état
of
1926
in Lithuania aborted democratic reforms in the
country, which were to be resumed only in the early
1990s.
71
US DP Political Platform and Activities since
í
990.
On 24th of February,
1990
LSDP as a member of a coalition of Lithuanian reform
movement
Sajűdis,
participated in elections to the 12th Supreme Council of the
T «SSR.
Tn their capacity as a coalition member, LSDP members were actively involved in prep¬
aration of Lithuania's declaration of independence from USSR. V. Andriukaitis was
the most important LSDP figure at this stage of the party activities.
The political situation had changed significantly following the adoption by
Seimas
(on the 11th of March,
1990)
of the Act of Independence Restoration. Positions
taken by the majority of
SąjCidis
coalition members on various issues began to di¬
verge from the LSDP members' opinions. Because of political disagreements, LSDP
leadership decided to leave the
Sąjudis
coalition establish
a Centro
political group in
the
Seimas.
Activities of LSDP as a constructive oppositional party lasted until June
2001.
While
in opposition, LSDP consistently defended democratic values, pluralism, promoted
dialogue among groups with differing views and opinions, advocated the expansion
of social welfare for poor and
dis
advantaged, and argued for retaining state control
of strategically important economic objects. LSDP also advocated administrative
reform in the country, which emphasized devolution of decision making from the
central to municipal governments and strengthening various forms of civic engage¬
ment. Among the other significant LSDP initiatives there was a bill to reform the
county's tax code as well as estabHshment of the national highway fund to maintain
and enhance the country's transportation infrastructure.
While in opposition, Social Democrats voted against the law on land reform pro¬
posed by the ruling Conservative party. Reforms mandated a return of all agricul¬
tural land worked by Soviet era collective farms to its
pre-
WWII owners and/or their
descendente
as well as privatization of collective farm property. The land reform
proved to be very unpopular and caused widespread dissatisfaction with the govern¬
ment policies. LSDP also lobbied actively against strengthening of the president's
powers at the expense of the legislative and judicial authorities.
It is important to mention Social Democrats' position in regard to introduction of
national currency
- Utas in
Lithuania. LSDP suggested replacing the provisional
money of the early
1990s
by
Litas
using a differentiated exchange rate. This would
have allowed to compensate depreciated bank deposits of the residents without ad¬
ditional state expenditures as well as to increase purchasing power of low income
Lithuanian residents.
Regretfully, the proposal was rejected both by the ruling majority and the rightists'
opposition which had negative long-lasting consequences to the development of
Lithuanian economy and social policy. Nevertheless, we can state that during this
period socialdemocrats were consistently pursuing
parñamentary
traditions of the
LSDP attempting to defend their programme and electoral provisions.
Situation had changed significantly in June
2001
when LSDP formed a coalition
with the New Union/Social Liberal party to become the ruling majority in
Seimas.
712 . . .-.
(.minion
lIiosl-
tlie
Chairman of the LSDP Algirdas
Вгаиашкаѕ
for the post
ui"
Prime
Minister,
aiul
a number of I
.SDP
members joined the Cabinet.
During
ils
period ia power, I,
SDP
took upon itself obligations to repay the depreci
at
ed
savings of the residents, to compensate citizens for real estate and the land,
tí)
light
ι
he economic recession, to reduce the rapidly growing rate of unemployment,
and accelerate the processes of integration of Lithuania into the NATO and the
Huropean Union.
Overall I.SDP was successful in dealing with the
majority
of these tasks. In
2004
Lithuania joined the NATO and the
EU;
Lithuania participated in preparation and
ratification of the F.uropean Constitutional Treaty; the unemployment rate in the
country was significantly reduced, repayment of the deposits and compensations to
the citizens was accelerated, while the national economy continued to expand at a
high rate. New provisions on school tuition and reorganization of higher education
have been implemented. Tuition payments in institutions of higher education were
considerably reduced enabling young people from lower-income families to seek
and obtain higher education; state expenditures on
éducation
increased. Per capita
income and savings Have been steadily increasing.
LSDP led government also initiated significant health care reforms. Programs of
preventive and early diagnosis were introduced, plans for restructuring health care
institutions have been approved and more financial resources have been aUocated to
develop and improve quality of medical services and institutions.
There was an increase in salaries of the state employees in fields of culture, health
care and education; the minimum wage was raised as well as the minimum non-tax¬
able income. Support for families with small children was also strengthened.
Certainly, mistakes also had been made. Some laws were passed in a rush making it-
necessary to amend the adopted legal acts and modify the government's resolutions.
It was a difficult task to balance such competing priorities as stimulating investment
and economic growth and, at the same time, expanding social welfare provisions.
Overall, LSDP's governing from
2001
to
2004
was marked by important achieve¬
ments as well as persistent difficulties in dealing with structural problems plaguing
the Lithuanian economy and society. As a result, citizens1 confidence and trust in
LSDP had declined. However, large segments of Lithuanian population continued
to support and vote for LSDP enabling it to form a majority coalition government
following
2004
elections.
Following
2004
elections LSDP entered into a coalition with three more parties:
New Union/Social-Liberals, Labour, and Farmers-peasants. Due to differences in
views, political experience, and personal disagreements, tensions among the political
partners were occasionally threatening to break-up the coalition agreement. At these
times LSDP strived to uphold a principle that its actions should be directed first and
foremost to enhance the welfare of the country as a whole.
Illustrative in this respect were the most recent changes in taxation policies ap¬
proved by Scimas in
2005.
In debates leading to changes in tax laws LSDP political
■-. .---. ■ 713
group in
Seimas
strongly advocated a progressive taxation code, but was defeated.
Nevertheless, a compromise agreement later had been reached. Although flat tax
reduction rate were to be applied to all income brackets, a provisional measure of
an additional social tax on corporate profit was introduced. Such changes enabled
transfer of a part of tax burden from labour to the capital.
In part because of LSDP commitment and support, the minimum wage and the
non-taxed minimum in Lithuania continues to grow while social programs are expe¬
riencing a moderate expansion. LSDP also strongly supported Constitutional amend¬
ments necessary to introduce European Union currency, the EURO, in Lithuania.
LSDP firmly believes and remains committed to social-democratic principles despite
being restricted by certain circumstances of our time, especially the expanding global
economic competition. Nevertheless, LSDP remains strongly committed to its fu¬
ture vision of Lithuania as a social welfare state.
714 |
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| id | DE-604.BV023244354 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
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| indexdate | 2025-01-07T13:10:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9955668598 |
| language | Lithuanian |
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| spelling | Socialdemokratai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimuose Stepono Kairio Fondas ... Vytenis Povilas Andriukaitis ... Vilnius 2006 714 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: Social Democrats in the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania (1920 - 2006) Lietuvos Socialdemokratu̜ Partija gnd Geschichte 1920-2006 gnd rswk-swf Abgeordneter fes Sozialdemokratische Partei, Fraktion fes Sozialdemokratische Partei, Parteigeschichte fes Abgeordneter (DE-588)4000135-0 gnd rswk-swf Litauen fes Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content (DE-588)4173536-5 Patentschrift gnd-content Biografisches Nachschlagewerk fes Litauische Sozialdemokratische Partei gnd rswk-swf Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 g Litauische Sozialdemokratische Partei f Abgeordneter (DE-588)4000135-0 s Geschichte 1920-2006 z DE-604 Andriukaitis, Vytenis Povilas Sonstige oth Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016429840&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016429840&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Socialdemokratai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimuose Lietuvos Socialdemokratu̜ Partija gnd Abgeordneter fes Sozialdemokratische Partei, Fraktion fes Sozialdemokratische Partei, Parteigeschichte fes Abgeordneter (DE-588)4000135-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4000135-0 (DE-588)4074266-0 (DE-588)4006804-3 (DE-588)4173536-5 |
| title | Socialdemokratai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimuose |
| title_auth | Socialdemokratai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimuose |
| title_exact_search | Socialdemokratai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimuose |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Socialdemokratai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimuose |
| title_full | Socialdemokratai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimuose Stepono Kairio Fondas ... Vytenis Povilas Andriukaitis ... |
| title_fullStr | Socialdemokratai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimuose Stepono Kairio Fondas ... Vytenis Povilas Andriukaitis ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Socialdemokratai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimuose Stepono Kairio Fondas ... Vytenis Povilas Andriukaitis ... |
| title_short | Socialdemokratai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimuose |
| title_sort | socialdemokratai lietuvos respublikos seimuose |
| topic | Lietuvos Socialdemokratu̜ Partija gnd Abgeordneter fes Sozialdemokratische Partei, Fraktion fes Sozialdemokratische Partei, Parteigeschichte fes Abgeordneter (DE-588)4000135-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lietuvos Socialdemokratu̜ Partija Abgeordneter Sozialdemokratische Partei, Fraktion Sozialdemokratische Partei, Parteigeschichte Litauen Biografie Patentschrift Biografisches Nachschlagewerk Litauische Sozialdemokratische Partei |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016429840&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016429840&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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