Skies of parchment, seas of ink: Jewish illuminated manuscripts
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Princeton and Oxford
Princeton University Press
2015
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 276 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9780691165240 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Skies of parchment, seas of ink |b Jewish illuminated manuscripts |c edited by Marc Michael Epstein. With contributions by Eva Frojmovic ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Princeton and Oxford |b Princeton University Press |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a X, 276 S. |b zahlr. Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Illuminierte Handschrift |0 (DE-588)4120472-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Jüdische Kunst |0 (DE-588)4340521-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Hebräisch |0 (DE-588)4023922-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Buchmalerei |0 (DE-588)4008650-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Jüdische Kunst |0 (DE-588)4340521-6 |D s |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Epstein, Marc Michael |d 1964- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)152719385 |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Frojmovic, Eva |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016415991&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Register // Gemischte Register |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137522506235905 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SKIES OF PARCHMENT | SEAS OF INK
Jewish Illuminated Manuscripts
V
EDITED BY MARC MICHAEL EPSTEIN
With contributions by
Eva Frojmovic, Jenna Siman Jacobs, Hartley Lachter, Shalom Sabar, Raymond P Scheindlin,
Agnes Veto, Susan Vick, Barbara Wolff, and Diane Wolfthal
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD
CONTENTS
V
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS V]I
1 INTRODUCTION: FOR THE LOVE OF BOOKS 1
Marc Michael Epstein
2 PEOPLE OF THE BOOK/BOOKS OF THE PEOPLE: ILLUMINATING THE CANON 19
Hartley Lachter with Marc Michael Epstein
3 PARCHMENTS AND PALIMPSESTS: SCRIBE, ILLUMINATOR, PATRON, AUDIENCE 29
V
Marc Michael Epstein
FOCUS:THEILLUMINATEDPAGE:MATERIALS,METHODS,ANDTECHNIQUES
Barbara Wolff 40
4 MAPPING THE TERRITORY: ARB AH KANFOT KA AREZ—THE FOUR CORNERS OF THE
MEDIEVAL JEWISH WORLD 47
EREZYISRAEL/THELALFOOFISRAEL:HOMELANDANDCENTER
Marc Michael Epstein 47
ITALIA/ITALY:THEFIRSTWESTERNDIASPORA
Marc Michael Epstein 55
ASHKEN^Z:FRANCO-GERMANY,ENGLAND,CENTRALANDEASTEUROPE
Eva Frojmovic with Marc Michael Epstein 63
SEPHARADANDARAV:SPAINANDTHEMIDDLEEAST
Raymond P Scheindlin with Marc Michael Epstein 72
THEPROBLEMOFNATIONALSTYLE
Eva Frojmovic with Marc Michael Epstein 77
5 NO GRAVEN IMAGE: PERMITTED DEPICTIONS, FORBIDDEN DEPICTIONS, AND
CREATIVE SOLUTIONS 89
Eva Frojmovic and Marc Michael Epstein
FOCUS:EXPLORINGTHEMYSTERYOFTHEBIRDS HEADHAGGADAH
Marc Michael Epstein 97
6 ICONOGRAPHY: TELLING THE STORY 105
Marc Michael Epstein
GEOGRAPHICALDISTINCTIONS105
APPROACHESTOTHEBIBLICALNARRATIVE122
VICONTENTS
7 DIALOGUE AND DISPUTATION: CULTURAL NEGOTIATION 145
Marc Michael Epstein
UNDEREDOM145
UNDERISHMAEL153
8 THIS WORLD: CENTERED ON THE HOME—WOMEN, MARRIAGE, AND
THE FAMILY 159
Shalom Sabar
FOCUS:GLIMPSESOFJEWISHLIFE:REALITYORILLUSION?
Marc Michael Epstein 175
FOCUS:INCIDENTALDETAILS:MARGINSANDMEANING
Marc Michael Epstein 182
FOCUS:SACREDANDPROFANE:NAKEDLADIESINTHEHAGGADAH?
Agnes Veto 188
9 OTHER WORLDS: FANTASTIC jVlORIZONS AND UNSEEN UNIVERSES 193
Hartley Lachter with Marc Michael Epstein
IO ZION AND JERUSALEM: THE SUM OF ALL BEAUTY, THE JOY OF ALL
THE EARTH 205
Shalom Sabar
11 IN THE ROYAL COURT: JEWISH ILLUMINATION IN AN AGE OF PRINTING 215
Marc Michael Epstein
FOCUS:AYIDDISHMINHAGIMMANUSCRIPT225
j Diane Wolfthal
12 ILLUMINATING THE PRESENT: CONTEMPORARY JEWISH ILLUMINATION 229
Susan Vick with Marc Michael Epstein
13 CONTINUING THE JOURNEY: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND MANUSCRIPT
DESCRIPTIONS 255
Jenna Siman Jacobs with Marc Michael Epstein
MANUSCRIPTSANDFACSIMILES255
SURVEYS261
COLLECTIONSURVEYSANDEXHIBITIONCATALOGUES263
STUDIES265
CONTRIBUTOR BIOGRAPHIES 267
INDEX 269
PHOTO CREDITS 276
INDEX
Page numbers
¡η
italics refer to figures.
Aaron,
53-54,79,136,151,175, 205,217, 218-19,
25°
Abraham,
189, 243;
and binding of Isaac,
6,7, ¿5,
66,
wo,
123,152,205;
iconography and,
123,128,
134-35,
lbT> idolatry and,
89, 90, 95;
Ishmael and,
47-48;
Nimrod
and,
134,155
Abrezusch,
65
Abularia,
Abraham,
26
acrylics,
229,240,245,247
Adam,
49,67, 95,96,129,
ці,
132-35
Adrashir
Nama,
139-43,156-57
aesthetics,
36;
in contemporary illuminated
manuscripts,
231-32, 239,247,253;
cultural vi¬
tality and,
27;
emulative impulse and,
218;
Erez
Yisrael and,
48;
home life and,
181;
iconography
and,
109,114—16,
ui,
146;
idolatry and,
89;
inter¬
pretation and,
11-12;
Italy and,
57,59,61;
patrons
and,
3,39;
printing and,
216
afterlife,
66,248
Agam, Yakov,
239
Ahashverosh: Esther and,
12, 95,
со,
118-19,
ízi,
139,140,156,173, 191, 215, 237;
Haman and,
12, 119,
139,143-44, 220;
Mordechai and,
12, 119, 215,219;
Persia and,
12,95,96,118-19,
121>
49.
4°i
Цб»
·73,
ípi,
215,237
kľdah
(Binding of Isaac),
66,123,125
-.kiva,
Rabbi,
175
■v.inohads,
74
Amalekites,
117,119,136,228
Ambrosian Bible,
96,104
Anav,
Paola,
37-38
al- Andalus,
87
angels; on Ark of the Covenant,
101,135,139,140;
cherubs and,
101,135,157;
dreams and,
10;
icon¬
ography of,
114,118,133-35, 4%
4°
46-47,
153-54;
idolatry and,
92,100,103-4;
Moses and,
2;
spiritual realms and,
195
aniconisra,
89,
<j¡,
97,112,114
animal heads,
91-92, 95-101,104
anthropomorphisms,
8,91
Arav (the Muslim East): Biblical narrative and,
136-44;
Bunting map and,
47;
iconography in,
111-22,136-44;
Italy and,
56-57;
prosperity and,
72-73;
Sepharad and,
72-77.
See also Muslims
Ardashir/Ezra (Ahashverosh/Ezra Book) (Shahin),
118-19,
121>
139.14°.
H3< >53.
46, 157
Aristotle,
23
Ark of the Covenant,
101,135,139,140
Asher, Rabenu,
16
Ashkenaz,
48,56;
afterlife in,
66;
Bible in,
65,75,
122-27;
Bunting map and,
47;
Catalonia and,
75-76;
Crusades in,
63-65;
cultural parallelism
in,
63-66;
cursive script in,
32;
diaspora and,
62-72;
expulsions from,
67-68;
Frankfurt
and,
66,68;
God and,
64-66;
Great Suburban
Synagogue,
71;
Haggadah in,
4,5p, 63, 67,122,
160,
20Ć,
223;
High Priest and,
206;
huppah and,
160;
iconography in,
105-11,122-27;
identity
in,
225;
idolatry and,
92-95;
Italy and,
56-57,59;
ketubah and,
169;
Lviv and,
68,71;
martyrdom
in,
64-66;
micrographic decoration in,
35-36;
Middle Ages in,
63,68,72;
Passover in,
5p;
pa¬
trons in,
63, 65,68;
persecution in,
63;
Prague
and,
66-68,71;
printing in,
66-67, 206, 208;
quills in,
33,40;
rabbis in,
64, 66,71;
Renaissance
in,
72;
scribes in,
65;
Scuola
Grande
Tedesca,
71;
Sepharad and,
67-68;
square script in,
32;
synagogues in,
63,71-72,92;
Thirty Years
War in,
68;
tradition in,
55-59,72;
Worms,
66;
Würzburg, 66;
Yiddish in,
226
astrology,
147,199,202
astronomy,
147,
ipS,
199
authorship,
10,95,154,187;
collaboration and,
38;
illuminators and,
5
(see also illuminators); illus¬
trators and,
5,116, 229, 240;
patrons and,
5
[see
also patrons); rabbis and,
5;
tradition and,
5
Avicenna,
25
Avodah,
109
benAzariah, Eleazar,
175,178
Babylon,
56,
in,
156,183
Band, Debra,
241,243
Bar Kokhba,
205
Baroque period,
12,15,57, 61-63,71-72,206,21p
Baskin,
Leonard,
239
Behemoth (monstrous land-beast),
95
Benjamin, Siona,
239-40
bestiaries,
186
Between Heaven
<&
Earth: An Illuminated Torah
Commentary (Winn-Lederer),
250
Bible(s),
4,6, 8,32;
biblical narratives in,
8,21,
106-9,116,122-44,154, 225;
Cairo Genizah and,
206;
colophons in,
29;
Court Jews and,
215;
decoration of,
73
(see also illuminated manu¬
scripts); Divine vengeance in,
65;
Ere? Yisrael
in,
49-52;
exiles and,
49;
Gospels and,
151,210;
heroes of,
91
(see also specific individual); icon¬
ography and,
106,112,113,132,137-39,153,184,
186-87;
idolatry and,
91-95,96,104;
Jerusalem
and,
52,
20Ć,
210-11;
massoretes and,
29, 35-36,
39,73,75,85,87, 95,
çó,
113,187;
metonyms in,
184;
Mikdashya (Sanctuary of God) illustrations
in,
206;
national style and,
85, 87;
prophecy in,
52;
redemption in,
49-50,54, 64;
in Sepharad,
73-76, 206;
in synagogues,
21;
Tabernacle in,
51,
206.
See also specific book
Bibles, specific: Ambrosian,
92, 95,
рб,
104;
Ashkenazic,
65,75;
Cervera,
29,75,87,187;
La
Coruña,
75;
Damascus Keter,
75;
Kennicott,
87;
Portuguese,
76; Schocken, 02, 234;
Toledo,
74;
Tudela,
75;
Wroclaw,
92
binders,
31,159
Binding of Isaac,
6,7,
Ő5,
66,100,123,152,205
Birkát ha-Mazon
(Grace after Meals),
166
Black Plague,
76
blessings,
38,54,91,128,137,166,167, 215-16,218,
234,236,250
Bloch, Hayyim,
249
B naiBrak,^,
122,17p
Bo az,
95,97,240, 241
Book of Hours,
90,181
Book of Jubilees,
123
books: as art,
7p, 89, 205,231-32;
burning of,
105-ć,
146;
burnishing and,
40,42-43;
codicology and,
29;
contemporary approaches to,
229-53;
glue
ana,
41-42,44;
illuminated manuscripts and,
2-5, 7,10-11,16
(see also illuminated manu¬
scripts); Jewish tradition and,
2;
leaves and,
31;
libraries and,
19, 255;
love of,
1-16,19;
majuscules
and,
35;
paleography and,
31-32;
paper and,
5,
30,40,116,
up,
229, 247, 256;
papercut technique
and,
62,196,200, 243, 245;
parchment and,
5, 21,
29-3o.
ЗЗ1
40.
41,
166-67, 229, 240, 247,249, 253,
256;
quires and,
31;
surviving historical,
19, 21;
valuation of,
1-2;
vellum and,
30,31,116,183
Borshevsky, Avraham-Hersh,
234, 237, 246
Boswell, John,
183
Botticelli,
160
Buber, Martin,
84
Bunting,
Henrich, 47
Burning Bush,
136,195
burnishing,
40,42-43
Byzantines,
56, 73,139
Caleb,
136,186
calligraphy,
79;
in contemporary illuminated
manuscripts,
231,234,239-40,246-47,250;
Eastern culture and,
111;
STAM (Sifrei
Torah,
Tefillin, Mezuzot),
246
Camille,
Michael,
182
270
INDEX
Canaan,
94,186
Canon
of Avicenna,
23, 25
Canterbury
Tales, 202
cantillation
marks,
35
Carl,
Malla,
231-33, 240, 247
carpet pages,
73,75,8;, 112,
ад,
154, 155
Caspi, Mickie,
241, 243
cathedrals,
19, 89
Catholicism,
57,173, 215
Cervera Bible,
29,75,87,187
Chagall, Marc,
239
cherubs,
101,135,157
Christianity: Almohads outlawing of,
74;
Creator
and,
7-8;
cultural parallelism and,
63-66;
dom¬
inance of,
63,145;
folktales and,
27;
idolatry and,
89-90, 94;
Islamic protection of citizens and,
73;
mass conversion to,
76;
Old Law and,
64;
Rome and,
47,56;
Torah of Moses and,
152
Christians: anti-Jewish sentiments and,
38-39;
bestiaries and,
186;
cathedrals and,
19, $%
charging interest on loans and,
57;
Court Jews
and,
72;
crusades and,
64-65;
cultural negoti¬
ation and,
145-53;
Glikl and,
72;
Greek manu¬
scripts and,
3;
home life and,
159;
iconography
and,
38-39, 75,112,117,121,123,125,129,133,139,
145-53,159;
Jerusalem and,
208;
Middle Ages
and,
63;
national style and,
77, 82, 84-85, 87;
reconquest by,
74;
Sepharad and,
225;
spiritual
realms and,
195, 202;
violence and,
63-65
circumcision,
57,64, 65, 147,159-60,189,191,226, 227
codicology,
29
colophons,
5, 29,35-37, 73,91,166
conservative impulse,
218
contemporary illuminated manuscripts: acrylics
in,
229,
24O1
245,247;
Agam,
239;
Band,
241, 243;
Baskin, 239;
Benjamin,
239-40;
Borshevsky,
234,237,246;
Carl,
231-33,240,247;
Caspi,
241,
243;
Chagall,
239;
Esther in,
231, 234,237-39,
240-41;
feminism and,
229, 253, 239-40,253;
Golub,
234, 237, 240;
gouache in,
229,237;
Granot,
243;
Haggadah,
229-34,
2i6,
239-40,
247-49;
Hershberg,
234,236,237, 240, 247;
ke-
tubot,
229, 240-41,243, 245-47;
Levin,
250-53;
Messer, 240-41;
Moriah,
237-39, 246-47;
Moss,
232-34,241;
Old Masters and,
231;
paper
in,
229, 247;
Pludwinski,
246-47;
Shahn,
239;
Srolovitz,
245-47;
styles of,
229, 231,237, 240-41,
246-47,2^2,253;
Szyk,
230, 231-32;
Teplow,
243,
245;
Waldman,
240, 241;
Winn-Lederer,
89, 250;
Wolff,
247-49,255
conversos,
76
Cosbi,
137
Court Jews: conservative impulse and,
218;
eco¬
nomic services of,
68;
emulative impulse and,
218;
Esther,
215-21,223;
expected obedience of,
220;
Glikl,
72;
Haggadah and,
220-21;
home life
of,
166, 218;
Mordechai,
12,119, 215, 219;
patrons
and,
215, 218-19,
223> 225; precedents of,
215;
printing and,
215-28;
rise of,
23;
shtadlanim
(diplomats) and,
215;
status and,
166, 218, 219-24;
women and,
72, 215-21,223
Covenant of the Pieces,
128
Crusades,
63-65,102, 208
cultural negotiation: Christians and,
145-53;
con¬
text and,
147-48;
different meanings of symbols
and,
147-48;
ghettos and,
145,210;
iconography
and,
145-57;
meaning and,
147-50,152-53,
182-88;
Middle Ages and,
145-46;
separation of
Jewish/Christian cultures and,
145,154;
slavery
and,
149-51, 222-24;
synagogues and,
146,151-52;
under Edom and,
145-53;
under Ishmael and,
153-57
cultural parallelism,
63-66
cursive script,
32,33
Cyrus,
156
Daniel,
94, 219
ibn Daud, Abraham,
56
David, King,
6,7,48,
So,
90, 95,102,175
bar David of Leipnick, Joseph,
71,90,108,122,175,
217,222,223
Dayenu,
123
demigods,
104
demons,
197
Deuteronomy,
52,53,113,136,188
dhimmis (protected subjects),
73
diaspora: Ashkenaz and,
62-72;
Bunting map and,
47;
iconography in,
109, 205, 213;
Italy,
47,55-63;
Sepharad,
72-77, 246
Divine Chariot,
101,103
Divine Name,
109,195
Divine Realm,
26,195,199
Dome of the Rock,
208, 213, 245
Donatello,
160
Dormition Church,
245
dragons,
52,
Ю2,
103,136
Dura Europos,
109
Edom:
Erez Yisrael
and,
47-48,53;
iconography
of,
136,145-53;
Western Christendom and,
47
education,
4;
art and, 8<),
101;
book burning and,
105-6,146;
moral,
155-56;
Muslims and,
155-56;
Sepharad and,
74;
synagogues and,
91
(see also
synagogues); women and,
37-38,139, 240
effacement,
5, 92-93,96, 202
egg whites,
33
Egypt: afterlife in,
248;
Alexandria,
56;
Ashkenazic
art and,
64;
Cairo Genizah and,
206;
efface¬
ment and,
99;
Exodus and,
54,159,185, 221-22;
flourishing culture in,
73,188;
iconography of,
106,108,122-28,144,149-51,153;
idolatry
of.pý,
100,103;
ketubah and,
168;
Moses and,
225
{see
also Moses); Passover and,
54
(see also Passover);
Pharaoh,
7ý,
99,101,110,134,13;, 149-50,217,
218,222-24;
slavery and,
149-51, 222-24;
Ten
Plagues on,
106,110-12,123,135
Eldad,
13c
Eleazar,
136
Eleazar of Worms,
26
Elijah,
67,68, 206-8
emulative impulse,
218
End of Days,
64,172, 208, 210
England,
47, 63,67,147
Englishness of English Art, The (Pevsner),
83
Ephraim,
Rabbi of Ratisbon,
99
Epstein, Marc Michael: on Ashkenaz,
63-72;
on contemporary illuminated manuscripts,
229-53;
on Court Jews,
215-28;
on
Erez
Yisrael;
47-55;
on home life,
175-88;
on iconography,
7-16,105-57;
on idolatry,
89-104;
on Italy,
55-63;
on Jewish vs. Hebrew illuminated manu¬
scripts,
3-4;
on love of books,
1-18;
on national
style,
77-87;
on patrons,
29,35-39;
on People of
the Book,
19,21,23-25,27;
on Sepharad,
72-77;
on spiritual realms,
193-202
Erez
Yisrael (The Land of Israel),
73;
aesthetics
and,
48;
Bible and,
49-52;
Bunting map and,
47;
cultural importance of,
47-55;
ibn Daud and,
56;
destruction of Temples and,
52-53,56,
Ш,
115,125,205
(see also Temples); Edom and,
47-48,
53;
God and,
50-55;
Haggadah and,
49,54-55;
ideological maps and,
210;
Israel Museum,
49;
Jerusalem and,
48
(see also Jerusalem); Jews
exiled from,
48-49;
Land of Promise and,
125;
literary role of,
49-55;
National Library and,
49;
Old Yishuv in,
213;
Ottomans and,
213;
Passover
and,
54;
rabbis and,
47-48;
Titus and,
55-56;
tra¬
dition and,
47-48,50;
Zion and,
48,53,173, 210
Esau,
47,132,160
eschatology,
64, 95,96,99,109-10,152
Esther,
159;
Adrashir
Nama
and,
156-57;
Ahashverosh and,
12,95,96,118-19,121,139,140,
156,173,191, 215, 237;
contemporary illuminated
manuscripts and,
231, 234,237-39,240-41;
Court
Jews and,
215-21, 223;
as diplomat,
215;
Erez
Yisrael and,
54;
Haman and,
12,119,139,143-44,
220;
Mordechai and,
22,119,215, 219;
national
style and,
83-85;
scroll of,
12,14-15, 23,49,
Ц,
83-85,06, 114,
Щ
139. 43,
2o8,
216,218-20, 223,
234,
237-3У,
240
Ethics of the Fathers,
185
Eve,
49,67, 9% 96,132-33,135,159
Exodus,
159;
death of firstborn and,
106;
Haggadah
and,
75,185, 231,248;
iconography and,
106,
107-9,
122> 123.
Щ:
¡28-29,
Щ> Цбі
151-52, 54;
idolatry and,
92,94,97,101;
Passover and,
97
(see
also Passover); redemption and,
54;
retelling
story of,
54, 221-24,
249Ί
Sepharad and,
75
expulsions,
19,48,57, 67,106
Ezekiel,
48, 95,188-90
ibn Ezra, Abraham,
25
Ezra of
Gerona,
26
facsimiles,
77,80,84,132,255-56
Farrisol, Abraham,
165-66
Fath
Nama
(Book of the Conquest) ( Imrani),
119,
138
Feast of Tabernacles,
55, 221
feminism,
84,191,229,239-40,253
Ferdinand,
76
Fiery Furnace,
94,134
Finzi, Samuel Nissim,
173
Five Rabbis,
3,175,17p
INDEX
27!
Five Scrolls,
12
Flight into Egypt,
151
folk style,
82,83
folktales,
26-27
Four Children,
62,63,71,122,127
Four Questions,
231
France,
57,63, 67,75-76, 83,91,105
Frankfurt,
66, 68
French Revolution,
83
Friedenwald,
Jonas,
213
Frojmovic, Eva,
63-72,77-87, 89-104, 267
ibn
Gabiről,
Solomon,
25,193
Gabriel, uS
Gamliel,
Rabban,
175
Ganbash,
Moshe, 211
Garden of Eden,
48, 99
Gateway of the Heavens,
193,
щ
Genesis: Abraham,
128;
Adam and Eve,
96;
Haggadah and,
75,130-35;
iconography of, u8,
128-29,
4°~Ά
133;
J°b
an(ì
48;
opening pages
of, <)2,
234
Genizah (document repository),
168, 206
Germany. See Ashkenaz
gesso,
41-42
ghettos,
145,210
Gikatilla, Joseph,
26
gilgul,
201
Glikl of Hameln,
72
glue,
41-42,44
God: in Ashkenaz,
64-66;
in contemporary illu¬
minated manuscripts,
234,249;
creation and,
7-8,103-4,109,193, 234;
Divine Name of,
109,
195;
Divine Realm and,
26,195,199;
Divine Self
and,
193;
Divine vengeance and,
64-65;
dreams
and,
10;
Erez Yisrael
and,
50-55;
home life and,
166,173,185,188-89;
iconography of,
ý,
109, 111,
121,123,128-29, 43-35.137.
Ц9> Ції Цб>
idolatry
and,
92,
ý4.
95.103-4;
Jerusalem and,
50-51,53,
îû6;
Moses and,
224-25;
natural phenomena
and,
193;
Paola
Anav and,
37;
Presence of,
50,
u;
spiritual realms and,
193,195,197,199,201-2;
Tabernacle and,
51-52;
Temple and,
52;
Unity
of,
2,22
gold: gold leaf,
30,33,40,42-43,43,237;
illumina¬
tion with,
2,5,7,30,33,35,40,41-43,45,90, 94,
154, 206,223, 234, 237, 241;
powdered,
33;
Seder
and,
223;
Tabernacle and,
51,206
Golden Calf,
101
Golden Gate of the Old City of Jerusalem,
234
Golden Haggadah,
ю;
Abel in,
132;
Abram
in,
135;
Adam in,
131-33;
Cain in,
132;
Eve in,
133;
Genesis in,
130-3%
iconography of,
109,110,114,
129,130-33,151-52;
Isaac in,
130,134;
Joseph in,
10,
13У,
marginal illumination in,
184;
Miriam
in,
49,133;
Moses in,
22,133,151-52;
Nimrod
in,
134-35;
Noah in,
130-31,133-34;
Passover and,
132;
Pharaoh in,
¡35;
ten plagues in,
106,110
Golden Idol,
94
Goliath,
6,7
Golub,
Irina, 234, 237, 240
Gospels,
151, 210
Gothic style,
12,
iç,
52,74-76,87,182,195
Gottlieb,
Adolph, 247
gouache,
229,237
Grace after Meals,
166,167,215, 216
grain offerings,
166
Granot, Archie,
243
Great Suburban Synagogue,
71
Greek manuscripts,
3
griffins, loo,
102-3
gypsum,
33
Haggadah,
3,7, 72;
in Ashkenaz,
4,59, 63, 67,
122,160, 206, 223;
contemporary illuminated
manuscripts of,
229-34,
2i&>
239~4°> 247~49ί
Court Jews and,
220-21;
elites and,
216-25;
Erez
Yisrael and,
49,54-55;
Four Children in,
62, 63,
71, 122,127;
home life and,
їда ібо,
ιοί,
165-66,
175, 178,
17c,
183-85;
iconography of,
106-8,
109-14,122-36,149-52;
idolatry and,
89-91, 95,
97-104;
national style and,
77,
γρ, 8ο,
82;
nudity
and,
188-91;
Sepharad and,
75,178,185;
Haggadot, specific: Amsterdam,
223,225;
Barcelona,
149-50;
Birds (Griffins ) Head,
67,
95, 97-104,122-27,183, 244;
Darmstadt,
¡5p, 165,
175;
Golden,
10,22,49,106,109,
no,
114,129,130-35,
151-52,184;
Hispano-Moresque,
7%
Jerusalem,
206-8,234,236; Kaufmann, 184;
Leipnick,
223;
Mantua,
67;
Pessah,
23,54;
Rose,
249;
Sarajevo,
8,77,79, 80,150,160;
Seder,
68,208,223;
Venice,
208;
Washington,
¡9, 62, 63, 67,68,207
halakha (Jewish law),
21,64
Hallel prayer,
91
Haman,
12,119,139,143-44, 220
Hamburg Miscellany,
65-66,160,161,
φο, 2θ6,
207
Hannah,
65-66
Hanukkah,
65,
So,
160-61,218
haredi (ultra-Orthodox),
190, 229
Hasmoneans,
161
hazzan (cantor),
23,91
he-Hasid, Judah,
26
Heikhalot texts,
25-26
Herod,
205, 208
Hershberg, Yael,
234,236, 237, 240, 247
High Holiday,
21, 55,91
High Priest,
50,54,109, 206
Hindus,
239
Holofernes,
161
Holy of Holies,
101,109, 205
Holy Spirit,
157
home life: aesthetics and,
181;
Christians and,
159;
conservative impulse and,
218;
Court Jews and,
166, 218;
emulative impulse and,
218;
fantasy of,
175-81;
God and,
166,173,185,188-89;
Haggadah
and,
15p, 160,
iái,
165-66,175,178,179,183-85;
huppah and,
160;
illuminators and,
178,181,183,
191;
ketubot and,
61,62, 68, 71,167,169-71,172,
208, 210, 216, 218, 229,240-41, 243, 245-47, 256;
marriage and,
4, 61,77,167-69,171,173, 202, 208,
210, 216,218, 229, 240-47, 256;
in the Middle
Ages,
159,182;
narrative and,
159,184;
Passover
and,
159;
patrons and,
166,175,179,181,183,186,
191;
persecution and,
182;
Persian,
181;
rabbis
and,
159,165,168-69,175,178,179,186,189;
re¬
ality of,
175-81;
Renaissance and,
160,165,175,
186-87;
rituals and,
159,166-67,173,175,189-90,
218;
scribes and,
159,166;
Sepharad and,
181;
synagogues and,
167;
Temple and, 166; tradition
and,
168-69,182-86,188,190;
visual metonyms
and,
184-86
huppah (marriage canopy),
160
ben Hushiel, Hananel,
56-57
Iberia. See Sepharad
iconography: aesthetics and,
109,114-16,121,146;
aniconism and,
89, 93, 97,112,114;
anti-Jewish,
38-39;
in Arav,
111-22,136-44;
in Ashkenaz,
122-27;
Bible and,
106,112,113,132,137-39,153,
184,186-87;
Biblical narratives and,
8, 21,106-9,
116,122-44,154,225;
Christians and,
75,112,117,
121,123,125,129,133,139,145-53;
in contempo¬
rary illuminated manuscripts,
229-53;
context
and,
147-48;
cultural negotiation and,
145-57;
description of,
7-9;
different meanings of
symbols in,
147-48;
diaspora and,
109,205,213;
dragons in,
52, ¡02-3,136;
of Edom,
136,145-53;
geographical distinctions and,
105-22;
of God,
109,111,121,123,128-29,
ВД-ЗЗ
47 49·
ιΆ
Цб;
of griffins,
100,102-3;
in the Haggadah,
ioá-8,
109-14,122-36,149-52;
in historical context,
108;
idolatry and,
89-104;
illuminators and,
114,116,122-23,125,136,139,143,147-48,152-54;
illustrators and,
4-8,116, 229,240;
of Ishmael,
153—57;
of Jerusalem,
205-13;
meaning and,
108-9,129,147-50,152-53,182-88;
medieval,
105,122,125,145-46,163;
mysticism and,
107;
Passover and,
123-28,132-33;
patrons and,
29,
37-39,108-11,116,121-23,125,139,147-49.153. 57.
persecution and,
108,110,115,121,144,150;
Persia
and,
111,114-21,136-39,140,143,144,153-57;
phi¬
losophy and,
111;
prophets and,
8;
rabbis and,
23,
107-9,115/121-23,127-28,134;
Renaissance and,
145;
rituals and,
109,125-27,146;
scribes and,
153;
Sepharad and,
73-76,105-11,127-36;
slavery
and,
149-51,222-24;
standard,
7-10,149;
syn¬
agogues and,
109,146,151-52,
205-ć;
Temples
and,
109,111,115,123-25,132,139,156, 206, 208,
213;
tradition and,
7,10-11,106-7,
ш.
ó.
118-23,
125,127-28,136,148,151,155-56;
trickle-down
effects and,
155;
under Edom,
145-53;
under
Ishmael,
153-57;
visual metonyms and,
184-86
identity: Ashkenaz and,
225;
cultural,
68,74,76-87,
83-84,101,116,151, 220, 223-25,252, 253, 255;
cul¬
tural negotiation and,
145-57;
of Moses,
224-25;
national style and,
77-87;
self-definition and,
109;
slavery and,
149-51, 222-24
idolatry: aesthetics and,
89;
aniconism and,
89,
93,97,112,114;
animals and,
91-92,95-101,104;
Ashkenaz and,
92;
Bible and,
91-95,96,104;
bilder
and,
89;
cathedrals and,
89;
Christians
and,
89-90,94;
effacement
and,
5, 92-93,96;
forbidden depictions and,
92;
God and,
92,94,
272
INDEX
95,103-4;
Golden Calf and,
101;
griffins and,
100,102-3;
Haggadah and,
89-91,95,97-104;
human form and,
89-104;
illuminators and,
90,92,94,99,102,104;
Middle Ages and,
101;
Muslims and,
89,92;
mysticism and,
101;
nar¬
rative and,
91-95,97, 99;
national style and,
77;
patrons and,
90-95, 99-100,102,104;
Persia
and,
97;
prayer books and,
90-91;
rabbis and,
92-95,99,
ιοί,
103-4;
scribes and,
90,92,93-95;
Second Commandment and,
92;
secular space
and,
89-94;
stained glass and,
92;
synagogues
and,
92, 103;
Temple and,
89,94,101;
Ten
Commandments and,
77;
tradition and,
90,102;
women and,
95,97,104
illuminated manuscripts: aesthetics and,
3,231-32,
239, 247, 253
(see also aesthetics); ancient process
of,
29;
authorship and,
5,10,38, 95,154,187;
book
burning and,
105-6,146;
burnishing in,
40,42-
43;
calligraphy in,
γρ,
in,
231, 234,239-40, 246-
47,250;
carpet pages in,
73,75,8;,
иг, щ,
154,1;;;
codicology of,
29;
color in,
5,7;
commissioning
of,
3-5, 23, 39,83,90-91,102,110,115-16,148,153,
157,166-68,175,178,186,193,215, 218-19,
223>225>
233, 239, 241,245,253;
contemporary,
229-53;
Court Jews and,
215-28;
cultural negotiation
and,
145-57;
cursive scripts in,
32,33;
description
of,
5;
glue in,
41-42,44;
Haggadah and,
239-40,
247-49
(see
đ so Haggadah);
home life and,
159-
91;
idolatry and,
89-104;
illustrators of,
4-8,
116, 229, 240;
initial word panels in,
16,35,52,
95;
ink and,
5,33,35,40-41,44-4% 253;
Jerusalem
and,
205-13;
Jewish vs. Hebrew illumination of,
3-4;
ketubot,
169-70;
love of books and,
2-5,7,
lo
-п,
16;
majuscules in,
35;
margins in,
38,61,
84,94,97,149,161,182-88, 215, 226;
medieval,
19,
23,27,29,40, 241,247;
micrographie
decoration
in,
35-36, 65, 73, 75,112,154-56;
Mudejar
style in,
74-75;
narrative in,
105-44,231, 239, 247
(see also
narrative); national style in,
77-87;
paleography
in,
31-32;
parchment in,
5, 21,29-30, 33,40,41,
166-67,
229> 24°i 247> 24P> 253>
25б;
patrons and,
3-5, 23, 39, S3, 90-91,102,110,115-16,148,153,157,
166-68,175,178,186,193, 215,218-19,
223 225>
233,
239,241,245,253;
and People of the Book,
19,21,
23-25, 27;
in Persia,
239, 243,
2p,
253;
philosophy
and,
21, 23, 25-26;
pigments for,
33,35,40,44,
45, 234;
prayer books and,
21-23, 90-91,166-67,
216,218, 227,
2jo; printing and,
215-28;
punc¬
tuators of,
35,95;
rabbis and,
227,241,243,
24c,
253;
reed pens and,
31,33,40,111;
Renaissance
and,
40, 231, 234, 237, 239, 249;
scribes of,
29-30,
33.35-36, 38-40;
square scripts and,
32,33,36;
synagogues and,
227,228,250;
Temple and,
234;
tradition and,
23, 27, 33,43, 227-29, 231-34,237,
239,241,243,246-50, 253;
vellum and,
30,51,116,
183;
vowel signs and,
35
Illumination of Blessings, An (Winn-Lederer),
250
illuminators: accuracy and,
178;
contemporary,
231-32, 240, 245, 247;
and depictions of home
life,
178,181,183,191;
iconography and,
114,
11Ć,
122-23,125.136.139,143,
Ц7-48,
152-54;
identifying,
39;
idolatry and,
90, 92, 94, 99,102,
104;
illustrators and,
5;
inks of,
41-42,44-45;
na¬
tional style of,
80;
patrons and,
29,35-36,38-39
illustrators,
4-8,116,229, 240
Imrani,
119
initial word panels,
16,35,52, 95
ink: illuminators and,
5,33,35,40-41, 253;
pigments
and,
33, 35,40,44-45, 234
Inquisition,
76, 215
Iraq,
57, 73-74,101
Isaac: binding of,
6, 7, 65, 66, ¡00,123,137,152, 205;
Moses and,
224;
naming of,
130,134,135
Isabella,
76
Ishmael,
47-48,153-57.
See also Muslims
Islam: contemporary illuminated manuscripts
and,
239, 247;
Dome of the Rock and,
208,
213, 245;
iconography and, iu-12,
116-17,119,
121,136,138-39,154,156;
idolatry and,
89, 92;
Muhammad and,
119,136,155;
narrative and,
138-39;
Quran and,
73,75,117-19,
13c, 15c
Italia, Shalom,
169
Italy: aesthetics in,
57,59, 61, 63;
Arav and,
56-57;
Ashkenaz and,
56-57,59,208;
Baroque period
in,
12,15,57, 61-63,
71-72> 2°6,
2ψ,
ibn Daud and,
56;
as first Western diaspora,
55-63;
home-life
depictions and,
160;
ben Hushiel and,
56-57;
Lineage of the Patriarchs and,
211;
money lend¬
ers in,
57;
persecution in,
56-57;
printing in,
216;
prosperity in,
57,59;
quills in,
33,40;
rabbis and,
56;
Renaissance in,
57,59, 61,145;
Scuola
Grande
Tedesca,
71;
Sepharad and,
56-57,74;
syna¬
gogues in,
61;
Talmudic
commentaries from,
56;
women in,
160-62
Itamar,
136
Jacob,
48,132,143-44,
l6o> !^3> 224>
49
Jacobs, Jenna
Siman,
11,255-66, 267
Jeremiah,
53
Jerusalem: as abandoned girl,
188-89;
Abraham
and,
48;
Bible and,
52;
Bunting map and,
47;
Christians and,
208;
as cultural center,
48;
David and,
48;
destruction of,
52-53,56,111,115,
125, 205;
Dome of the Rock and,
208, 213, 245;
God and,
50,53,206;
Golden Gate of the Old
City and,
234;
Haggadah and,
206-8;
iconogra¬
phy and,
205-13;
ideological maps of,
211;
Jacob
and,
48;
Jewish Quarter of,
4;
Jewish revolt
and,
205;
Lineage of the Patriarchs and,
211;
Messiah and,
48, 206-8, 210;
Middle Ages and,
205-8,210;
as mountain of God s inheritance,
50-51;
Mount of Olives and,
206;
narrative
and,
210;
rabbis and,
206;
Renaissance and,
206-8;
Solomon and,
48;
Temples of,
50
(see also
Temples); tradition and,
206,208, 210-11, 213, 215
Jerusalem Haggadah,
234,236
Jesus,
90,123-25,147,151,152-53,208
Job, Si,
118,178-79,181
Jonah,
87
Joseph (husband of Mary),
151-52
Joseph (son of Jacob),
8,10,134,135,151-53,232
Joseph the Frenchman,
187
Judith,
67,159-61,162
kabbalism,
21,26-27,75/
Η ,
193,
195>
199,
2oi-2
bar Kalonymos, Yosef,
95
Kalonymus,
56
kashrut (kosher laws),
132,162,16;
Kauffmann, David,
80,82
Keter Damascus,
75,112
Keter Malkhut,
193
ketubot (marriage contracts): in Ashkenaz,
169;
biblical miniatures in,
171-73;
in contemporary
manuscript illumination,
229, 240-41,243,
245-47;
women and,
61, 62, 68,71,167,169-73,
208, 210, 216, 218,229, 240-41, 243, 245-47, 256;
in Yemen,
171
kruvim (cherubs),
101
Kurush (Cyrus),
156,157
Lachter, Hartley,
19-27,193-202, 267
Lamentations,
52-53
Land of Israel. See
Erez Yisrael
Land of Promise. See
Erez
Yisrael
leaven, jp,
123,128, 234
leaves,
31
Lefikhakh (prayer),
126
bar David of Leipnick, Joseph,
71,
co,
108,122,175,
217,
22г,
223
de Leon,
Moses,
26
Leviathan,
95
Levin, Michael,
250-53
Leviticus,
51,136
liturgical texts,
21, 23;
in Ashkenaz,
64, 66;
ico¬
nography of,
108-9,
123.
187;
idolatry and,
102;
in Italy,
57;
miscellanies,
66,161,
iço,
207;
women and,
161,165,189,
ідо;
spiritual realms
and,
200
Luria, Isaac,
201
Lviv,
68,71
Maccabee, Judah,
161
Mahzad,
157
mahzorim (Festival prayerbooks),
33,80,
щ,
250;
in
Ashkenaz,
64;
cantors and,
23;
iconography in,
38,112,146;
idolatry and,
91, 93, 95,97,102,103,104;
medieval,
23;
Moses in,
¡1;
in Sepharad,
ói;
for
Yom Kippur,
22,25,32
mahzorim, specific: Rothschild,
щ,
201,202;
Tripartite,
64,95,
У7,
104;
Worms,
91
Maimonides,
1, 2, 21,24,25,32,4%, 92, 206,210
majuscules,
35
Mantegna,
160
Mantua,
19,35,67,68,162,165
Margolis, Judith,
231
maror (bitter herbs),
128
marriage; ketubot and,
61,62, 68,71,167,169-71,172,
208, 210, 216, 218, 229, 240-41, 243, 245-47,
25c;
tradition and,
4, 61, 77,167-69,173, 202, 208,210,
216,241;
wedding documents and,
168-69
Martial,
1
martyrdom,
64-66,102,109,137,160,
tói
Mary,
151,157
INDEX
massoretes,
29,35-36,39,73-74,75,85, 87, 95,
ç6,
113, 187
Matthew,
151
mazot
(unleavened bread),
4,j/,Pý,
123,127,159,234
megillot
(scrolls of the Writings),
12,14, 23, 54,83,
112,139, 227, 234,237-39, 246
Meir, Rabbi of Rothenburg,
64, 99
Mendel, Menachem
[Morgenstern],
the Kotzker
Rebbe,
221-22
menorah (Temple
lampstand),
51, 53,54, 94, 205
Meskal
kã-Kaámoni
(The Parable of the Ancient)
(Sahula),
26-27
Messer,
Tamar,
240-41
Messiah: in Ashkenaz,
65, 67, 68;
Jerusalem and,
48, 206-8, 210;
symbolism of,
89, 95,129,132,152
mezuzah (scriptural scroll affixed to doorposts),
I75,
181,
2ĄÓ
Michelangelo,
160
micrographic decoration,
35-36, 65, 73, 75,112,
154-56
Middle Ages: in Ashkenaz,
63, 68, 72;
Christian
culture in,
63;
cultural negotiation and,
145-46;
home life and,
159,182;
iconography during,
105,
122,125,145-46,163;
idolatry and,
101;
illumi¬
nated manuscripts in,
19, 23, 27, 29, 40, 241, 247;
Jerusalem and,
205-8, 210;
lasting traditions
and,
12;
mysticism and,
26-27;
national style
and,
84;
printing and,
215;
spiritual realms and,
199, 202;
synagogues in,
146;
Temple and,
206-8
Midian,
136-37
Mikdashya (Sanctuary of God) illuminations,
206
mikveh (ritual bath),
63,66,159,166-67,190
minhag (communal custom),
64, 225-28
Minhagim Bukh (Book of Customs),
225-28
Miriam,
49,133,159
Mirrors of Kings,
155
Mishneh Torah (Code of Jewish Law)
(Maimonides),
1,2,
ip,
21,52,52,58, 92,101,166,
205-6
mizvah (religiously ordained act),
12,189
Modigliani,
Amadeo,
247
money lenders,
57
Mordechai,
12,
uç,
215,219
Moreh Nebukhim (The Guide for the Perplexed)
(Maimonides),
24, 25
Moresque style,
7p, 85, 87
Morían,
Avner,
237-39,
24б-47
Moses, 22, 95;
Aaron and,
53-54,79,136,151,175, 205,
217,218-19,
25°; angels and,
2;
Burning Bush
and,
136,195;
drawn from the Nile,
72;
Exodus
and,
Ç4
(see also Exodus); iconography of,
108,
11}, 118-19,
122·
133.136-37,151—54;
identity of,
224-25;
kills Egyptian,
223-24;
Pharaoh and,
7Ç,
2 j, Red Sea and, pi; sends out spies,
186;
Song of,
113;
tablets of the Covenant and,
11, 93;
Tent of Meeting and,
51,137;
Torah and,
185-86;
Zipporah and,
151,153,160,161
Moss, David,
232-34, 241
Mount of Olives,
206
Mudejar
style,
74-75
Muhammad,
119,136,155
Munich RaShI,
92-94
Musa
Nama
(Moses Book) (Shahin),
118,136
Muslims,
3,47,56, 208, 239;
Almohads,
74;
cultural
negotiation and,
153-57;
education and,
155-56;
folktales of,
27;
Mirrors of Kings and,
155;
nar¬
rative and,
138-39;
Sepharad and,
72-77, 87,169.
See also Islam
mysticism,
182;
The Book of Formation and,
25;
the Chariot and,
101;
Heikhalot texts and,
25-26;
iconography and,
107;
idolatry and,
ich; kabbalism
and,
193
{see also kabbalism);
Middle Ages and,
26-27;
spiritual realms and,
193-203
Nachman,
Rebbe,
247
Nahmanides,
195
Napoleonic wars,
83
narrative: in Arav,
111-22;
in Ashkenaz,
105-11;
Avodah and,
109;
biblical,
8, 21,106-9,
n&i
122-44,154, 225;
in contemporary illuminated
manuscripts,
231, 239,247;
desert wandering,
123;
at Dura Europos,
109;
eschatological,
64,
95,96, 99,109-10,152;
Exodus and,
221
(see also
Exodus); Haggadah and,
223
(see also Haggadah);
in historical context,
108;
home life and,
159,
184;
iconography and,
7,106
(see also iconogra¬
phy); idolatry and,
91-95, 97, 99;
Jerusalem and,
210;
linear,
122-23;
martyrology and,
109-11;
midrashic,
137;
Muslims and,
138-39;
nostalgia
and,
119,144, 231;
Persian,
111,114-21,136-39,140,
143,144,153-57;
Qur an,
136;
rabbinic commen¬
taries and,
23,152;
Seder and,
149
(see also Seder);
Sepharad and, 105-n; sequential,
11, 99,107-9,
122,127-29,132,134;
vernacular texts and,
108-9
national style: in Ashkenaz,
77, 82, 84, 85;
Bible
and,
85, 87;
Christians and,
77, 82, 84-85, 87;
described as apartheid culture,
80, 82;
folk
style and,
82,83;
Haggadah and,
77,
7c,
80, 82;
heterogeneity and,
83;
identity and,
77-87;
illuminators and,
80;
Middle Ages and,
84;
Moresque style and,
79,85, 87;
ownership of,
84-85;
Renaissance and,
160;
scribes and,
80;
syncretistic features and,
87;
tradition and,
83
Nazis,
2, 72, 83
Nimrod,
134-35
Noah,
6,7,130-31,132-35
North Africa. See Arav
Numbers,
12,24, 31,52,73,136-37, 210,250
Og,
136
Old Yishuv,Jerusalem,
213
Omer (period between Passover and Shavu ot)
,
216-18
Oppenheimer,
David,
83
Orthodox Jews,
190, 229
paleography,
31-32
paper,
5,30,40,116,
up,
229, 247, 256
papercut technique,
62,
iç6,
200, 243, 245
Paradise,
48, 66,67,95
Parashat Shelakh,
12
parchment: cowskin,
30;
durability of,
40;
fragility
of,
256;
gesso and,
4¡;
goatskin,
30;
ink ingredi¬
ents and,
41;
Jewish law and,
21;
oxidation on,
33;
paper and,
5, 30,40,116,
up,
229,247,256;
prepa¬
ration of,
29;
sheepskin,
29;
use in book materi¬
als,
5, 21, 29-30, 33,40,41,166-67, 229, 240, 247,
24c,
253,
25c; use in contemporary illuminated
manuscripts and,
229, 240, 247,240, 253
Passover: in Ashkenaz,
59;
bitter herbs and,
128;
ceremonial requirements of,
233;
End of Time
and,
125;
Erez Yisrael
and,
54;
Exodus and,
97;
Haggadah and,
23
(see also Haggadah); home
life and,
159;
iconography and,
123-28,132-33;
leaven and, ¡p,
123,128, 234;
mazot and,
123,159;
Middle Ages and,
125;
as mirror,
54;
plates of,
206;
redemption and,
123-25,127;
roast lamb
and,
126;
Seder and,
54,55, 68,
7c,
126-27, 49.
166,
1Ô7,
181,189, 221-23,
2%
233;
Sinai and,
124,
125-27;
slavery and,
222-23
patrons; aesthetics and,
3,39;
in Ashkenaz, 6j,
65,
68;
commissions of,
3-5, 23,39, 83, 90-91,102,
110,115-16,148,153,157,
1Ć6-68,
175,178,186,193,
215,218-19, 223, 225,233, 239,241, 245, 253;
of
contemporary illuminated manuscripts,
233,
239, 241,243, 245, 249, 253;
Court Jews as,
215,
218-21, 223, 225;
depictions of home life and,
166,175,179,181,183,186,191;
elitism and,
225;
iconography and,
29,37-39,108-11,116,121-23,
125,139,147-49,
J53>
157;
idealization of home
life and,
175;
idolatry and,
90-95, 99-100,102,
104;
illuminated manuscripts and,
3-5, 23, 39, S3,
90-91,102,110,115-16,148,153,157,166-68,175,
178,186,193,215, 218-19,
223. 22% illuminators
and,
29,35-36,38-39;
illustrators and,
5;
legacy
of,
37;
models and,
10;
motives of,
8;
national
style and,
77, 82,84, 85;
sharing of books by,
91;
vernacular literature and,
^0;
women as,
90
Pentateuchs,
92,
i¡y,
Five Scrolls and,
12;
idolatry
and,
1)6;
illuminated,
93;
Moses and,
11,113;
in
synagogues,
21
Pentateuchs, specific; Duke of Sussex,
35,51,52-53;
Regensberg, 64,
Í5,
206
People of the Book,
2
persecution,
19;
in Ashkenaz,
63;
Black Plague and,
76;
Byzantine rule and,
73;
Haman and,
12,119,
139,
ЧЗ-44.
22°; home life and,
182;
iconogra¬
phy and,
108,110,115,121,144,150;
in Italy,
56-57;
of Jews by Almohads,
74;
by the Nazis,
2, 72, 83;
in Sepharad,
73, 76;
slavery and,
149-51, 222-24
Persia,
5, 8,30:
Ahashverosh and,
12, 95,96,118-19,
121,139,240,156,173,151, 215, 237;
Avicenna and,
25;
contemporary illuminated manuscripts
and,
239, 243,252, 253;
cultural negotiation and,
153-57;
Cyrus s liberation and,
156;
Esther and,
156-57
(see also Esther); Haman and,
12,119,139,
143-44, 220;
iconography and,
111,114-21,136-
39,140,143,144,153-57;
idolatry and,
97;
manu¬
scripts on home life in,
181;
narrative and,
111,
114-21,136-39,140,143,144,153-57;
poetry and,
117,118-19, ¡21,136-39,140,143,156-57;
Safavid
emperors and,
77,114-15,
J54,
155;
Sepharad and,
274
INDEX
73,77;
Shahin and,
117,118-19,121,136-39,140,
143,156-57
Pevsner, Nicholas,
83
Pharaoh,
79, 99,101,
no,
134,135,149-50,217, 218,
222-24
philosophy,
3;
Aristotle and,
25;
iconography
and,
111;
illuminated manuscripts and,
21, 23,
25-26;
kabbalism and,
21
(see also kabbalism);
Maimonides and,
25;
Neoplatonism
and,
25;
Plato and,
51;
Sepharad and,
74, 76;
spiritual
realms and,
193-202
phylacteries {tefillin),
139,197,246
Pietism,
4, 26,99,104
pigments,
33, 35,40,44,45, 234
Pinhas,
137
Plague of the Firstborn,
106,123,135
Plato,
51
Pludwinski, Yitzhak (Izzy),
246-47
poetry,
3, 21, 90,102,115,123;
Martial and,
1;
in
Ashkenaz,
64, 66;
home life and,
161,167, ¡68,
187;
Keter Malkhut,
25, 193;
Persian,
111,115,117,
118-19,
121
36-39,
Ц0,
143,156-57;
in Sepharad,
74;
Shahin and,
117,118,121,136-39,140,143,
156-57;
for Yom Kippur,
109
Portugal,
76-77
Prague,
66-68,71
prayer books,
4;
High Holiday,
21, 55,91
(¡ее
also
mahzorim); idolatry and,
90-91;
illuminated
manuscripts of,
21-23, 90-91,166-67, 216, 218,
227,250;
mahzorim,
11,22,23,2% 32-33,38,61,64,
So,
91,93, 95,97,102-3,
104> 112>
46,
Щ-94,
2OX
202,250;
siddurim,
22, 23,79,91,112,165,166,
18s,
195;
as status objects,
90;
women and,
166, ¡¿7,
216, 227
Priestly Garments,
51
printing; aesthetics and,
216;
in Ashkenaz,
66-67,
206, 208;
Court Jews and,
215-28;
during the
Middle Ages,
215;
in Italy,
216;
novelty of,
216;
status objects and,
218-19;
women and,
159
prophets,
8,113,136,200.
See also specific individual
Psalms,
2,9,30,57, 67,
So,
82, 90,104,155,173,197,
206, 208,210, 249
Psalters,
80, 90-91, ¡05
punctuators,
35,95
Purim (Feast of Esther),
23, 57, ¡8, 226-28
Purity of Blood,
76
quills,
33,40
quires,
31
Qur an,
73,75,117-19,136,156
rabbis: in Ashkenaz,
64, 66,71;
authorship and,
5;
centrality of Jerusalem for,
48;
commentaries
of,
21,23, 186,243;
contemporary illuminated
manuscripts and,
227, 241, 243,24p, 253;
Erez
Yisrael and,
47-48;
Five Rabbis and,3,
175,179;
home life and,
159,165,168-69,175,178,179,186,
189;
iconography and,
107-9,115,121-23,127-28,
134;
idolatry and,
92-95,99,101,103-4;
as
interpreters,
47;
in Italy,
56;
Jerusalem and,
206;
rabbinic texts and,
21, 23,186,243;
Sepharad
and,
73,76;
spiritual realms and,
195;
Talmud
and,
16,21, 56, 63, 75, 92,105,109,
in,
139,144,168,
182,183,199, 211;
tradition and,
47,121,123,128.
See also specific individual
Randall, Lillian,
182
Rebecca,
159-60
redemption,
64;
Exodus and,
54;
Garden of Eden
and,
49;
Haggadah and,
104;
iconography and,
109-10,132,152-53,187;
Jerusalem and,
234;
Passover and,
123,124,125,127;
Red Sea and,
49;
spiritual realms and,
201;
tradition and,
49-50;
women and,
49
Red Sea,
49-50,73,91,99,107,108
reed pens,
31,33,40,
Ш
Renaissance,
11;
in Ashkenaz,
72;
home life and,
160,165,175,186-87;
iconography during,
145;
illuminated manuscripts in,
40, 231,234, 237,
239, 249;
in Italy,
57,59, 61,145,160;
Jerusalem
and,
206-8;
spiritual realms and,
202
riddles,
167,
1Ć8
Righteous in Paradise,
95
rituals: circumcision and,
57,64,65,147,159-60,
189,191,226,227;
Distinguished Guest,
199,200;
Four Questions,
231;
grain offerings and,
166;
Hanukkah,
160-61;
home life and,
159,166-67,
173,175,189-90, 218;
iconography of,
109,
125-27,146;
idolatry and,
91, 99;
mikveh (ritual
bath),
63,66,159,166-67,190;
minhag and,
64, 225-28;
Passover,
231
(see also Passover);
readings and,
21, 23, 231;
spiritual realms and,
199, 201;
Temple,
205-6;
Torah and,
21;
women
and,
159,166,173,189, 227-28;
Yom Kippur,
22,
25,31,109
ben R.
Moshe,
R.
Yosef,
93, 95
Rosh Hashanah (New Year),
123, 226-28
di
Rossi,
Salomone,
61
Rothschild Miscellany,
31,161-62,16$, 175,178,181
Ruth,
95,97,138, 240-41
Sabar, Shalom,
159-74, 205—13, 267
Sabbath,
21,102,159,166,199,202, 226-28, 253
Safavid emperors,
77,114-15,154,155
Sahula, Isaac ben Solomon
Avi,
27
saints,
8,64,215
Samson,
67,90
Samuel,
138,173
Sarah,
65,123,134-35,159
Sarajevo Haggadah,
8,77,
7c,
80,150,160
Scheindlin, Raymond P.,
72-77,111,268
Schocken
Bible,
92, 234
scribes,
226;
in Ashkenaz,
65;
colophons of,
5,29,
35-37,73, 91,166;
contemporary,
229, 234, 237,
245-46, 249;
female rituals and,
227-28;
home
life and,
159,166;
iconography and,
153;
idola¬
try and,
90,92;
illuminated manuscripts and,
29-30, 33, 35-36,38-40;
Massoretic,
29,35-36,
73-74,75,85,87,95,96,113,187;
national style and,
80;
Sepharad and,
73;
women as,
37-38
Scuola
Grande
Tedesca,
71
Seder: Four Questions at,
231;
Passover and,
54,55,
68,79,126-27,149,166, «17,181,189, 221-23,
23!>
233;
roast lamb at,
126
Seder
Birkát ha-Mazon,
166
Sejer Ha Arukh (ben Yehiel),
37
Sefer HaKabbalah (The Book of Tradition) (ibn
Daud),
56
Sefer Hasidim (The Book of the Pious) (he-Hasid).
26
Sefer Yezirah (The Book of Formation),
25
Sefirot (Divine attributes),
201
Sendak, Maurice,
16
Sepharad,
48,56;
Almohads and,
74;
Arav and,
72-77;
Ashkenaz and,
67-68;
Bible and,
73-76.
127-36, 206;
Black Plague and,
76;
Bunting
map and,
47;
Castile and,
29,74,79,87,187;
Catalonia and,
75-76;
Christians and,
73-76,
225;
conversos
and,
76;
Córdoba
and,
74, 87;
cursive script in,
33;
dhimmis in,
73;
diaspora
and,
72-77,246;
education and,
74;
Ferdinand
and,
76;
Granada and,
76, 87;
Haggadah and,
75,185;
home life and,
181;
iconography and,
105-u; Inquisition and,
76;
intellectual life
anii
74-75;
Isabella and,
76;
Italy and,
56-57,59,
61, 74;
Mudejar
style and,
74-75;
persecution
in,
73,76;
Persia and,
73,77;
philosophy and,
74,76;
political deterioration of,
76;
Portugal
and,
76-77;
prosperity in,
72-73;
rabbis in,
73,
76;
reed pen and,
31-32;
square script and,
32;
Tabernacle and,
51;
Toledo and,
74,75,115;
traci:
tion
and,
75-76
Shahin,
117,118-19,
mi,
136-39,140,143,156-57
Shahn, Ben,
54, 239
Shavu ot Festival,
64
Shehehiyanu blessing,
234
Shekinah (Divine Presence),
199,201
Sheshet, Jacob ben,
26
Shiru,
157
shivitis (plaques indicating the direction of
prayer),
196,197
ben Shmuel, Shlomo,
93, 95
ben Shmuel, Ya akov,
95
Shu lah,
118
Siddurim (prayerbooks),
22,23,79,91,112,165,166,
18},
щ
Sihon, 13c
silver,
2,5,12,14,33, 35,40, 206,218, 223, 241
ben Simeon, Joel Feibush,
4,67
Sinai,
11,64,97,123-27,185,210
slavery,
149-51, 222-24
Solomon,
48, 208, 213
Song of Songs,
188,
щ,
240, 243
Sotheby s
Judaica
Department,
1
Spain. See Sepharad
INDEX
2 75
spiritual
realms: astrology and,
цу,
199,202;
Christians and,
195, 202;
concentric circles and,
201-2;
demons and,
197;
Divine Realm and,
26,195,199;
effacement
and,
202;
Gateway of
the Heavens and,
193, 194;
gilgul and,
201;
God
and,
193,195,197,199, 201-2;
kabbalism and,
21,
26-27,75,148,193,195,199, 201-2;
Keter Malkut
(ibn
Gabiről)
and,
193;
in Middle Ages,
199,
202;
in mysticism,
193-203;
philosophy and,
193-202;
rabbis and,
195;
Renaissance and,
202;
rituals and,
199,
20); Sefirot and,
201;
shivitis
and,
196,197;
Sukkah and,
199-201;
synagogues
and,
195,197, 202;
talismans and,
197;
time
and,
199-200;
tradition and,
193,195,199, 202;
Ushpizin (Distinguished Guest),
199,200;
Wheel
of Fortune and,
202;
YHWH and,
195;
zodiac
and,
108,201,202,208;
Zohar and,
26,199
square script, p,
33,36
Srolovitz, Batya G. W,,
245-47
stained glass,
75, 92
standard iconography,
7-10,149
sukkah (hut for the Festival of
Sukkot,
Tabernacles),
55,199-201,243
Sukkot
Festival,
205,221-22, 226
synagogues: Aaron and,
151;
Ansbach,
71;
architec¬
ture of,
61,195;
Ashkenazic,
63,71-72;
Avodah
in,
109;
and battle with Amalek,
228;
Bibles in,
21;
contemporary illuminated manuscripts
in,
227,228,250;
cultural negotiation and,
146,
151-52;
education at, jp,
21-23;
Gothic style and,
195;
Great Suburban Synagogue and,
71;
hazzan
(cantor) and,
23, 91;
home life and,
167;
iconog¬
raphy and,
109,146,151-52, 205-6;
idolatry and,
92,
io};
in Italy,
61;
Joseph as symbol of,
152;
looting of,
24p;
martyrs and,
102,109-11;
Middle
Ages and,
146;
militant,
152;
in Poland,
71-72;
reading platforms and,
63;
spiritual realms and,
195,197, 202;
women and,
227;
Worms Mahzor
and,
91
Szyk,
Arthur,
230, 231-32
üibemade:
in Bible,
51, 206;
cherubs and,
101;
curtain of,
51,101,102,
gold implements of,
51,
zoo; guarding of,
64;
Holy of Holies and,
101;
kosher animals and,
132;
and Presence of God,
50,52;
Priestly Garments and,
51;
schematic of,
75;
Sepharad and,
51;
and Tablets of the Law,
73;
Temple and,
51;
vessels of,
73, 206
Tablets of the Law,
73
talismans,
197
Talmud: in Ashkenaz,
75;
BTMegillah,
139;
ВТ
Shabbat,
166-67;
burning of,
105-ć,
146;
com¬
mentaries on,
16, 56,18);
cultural parallelism
and,
63;
iconography and,
109,
ш,
139,144;
idolatry and,
92;
in Italy,
56;
ketubah and,
168;
legal importance of,
21;
in the Middle Ages,
182;
pilgrimages and,
211;
spiritual realms
and,
1
targums (Aramaic bible translations), ft,
¡1-5}, 96
Tashlikh (ritual casting-off of sins),
228
ben Temah, Judah, ip
Temples (Jerusalem): in contemporary illumi¬
nated manuscripts,
234;
cult of,
205;
Cyrus s
liberation and,
156;
destruction of,
52-53,56,
111,115,125, 205;
Dome of the Rock and,
208,
213, 245;
Erez Yisrael
and,
48, 50-54;
First,
51,
55,125;
grain offerings and,
167;
Herod s,
205,
208;
Holy of Holies in,
101, 205;
home life and,
167;
iconography of,
109,111,115,123-25,132,
139,156, 206, 208, 213;
idolatry and,
89,94,101;
menorah and,
51, 53,54, 94, 205;
Middle Ages
and,
206-8;
as permanent Tabernacle,
51;
rebuilding of,
205;
rituals in,
205-6;
Second,
56,125, 208;
Titus and,
55-56;
vessels of,
206;
Western Wall and,
213, 245,250;
Yom Kippur in,
109
Templům
Domini (Lord s Temple),
208
Ten Commandments,
77
Ten Plagues,
110-12
Tent of Meeting,
51,137
Teplow, Naomi,
243, 245
Thirty Years War,
68
Tikkunei Shabbat,
166
Timurids,
114
Titus,
55-56
Torah: ritual reading and,
21;
Simhat,
226
Tower of Babel,
134
tradition: Arabic,
74;
in Ashkenaz,
55-59,72;
authorship and,
5;
blessings and,
38,54, 91,128,
137,166,
ιόγ,
215-16,
2i8,
234,236, 250;
cultural
parallelism and,
63-66;
Erez
Yisrael and,
47-48,50;
home life and,
168-69,182-86,188,
190;
huppah and,
160;
iconography and,
7,
10-11,106-7,
ni,
116,118-23,125,127-28,136,148,
151,155-56;
idolatry and,
90,102;
illuminated
manuscripts and,
23, 27,33,43,227-29,231-34,
237, 239, 241, 243,246-50, 253;
Jerusalem and,
206, 208, 210-11,213, 215;
ketubot and,
61,169,
171, 208, 216, 218,229, 240-41, 243, 245-47, 256;
learning and,
4;
love of books and,
2;
marriage
and,
4, 61,77,167-69,173,
2O2> 2o8>
210,
2li>,
241;
in the Middle East and,
74-75;
minhag and,
64,
225-28;
national style and,
83;
rabbinic,
47,121,
123,128;
redemption and,
49-50;
rituals and,
231
(see also rituals); Sepharad and,
75-76;
spiritual
realms and,
193,195,199, 202;
Western culture
and,
27
très riches heures du Duc de
Berry,
Les
(illuminated
manuscript),
179
Turkoman art,
114
Ushpizin, (Distinguished Guest ritual)
199,200
uterine vellum,
30,^1
vellum,
30,
p,
116,18}
Vető, Ágnes,
188-91, 268
Vick,
Susan,
229-53,
2^8
visual metonyms,
184-86
vocalizers,
35,38
vowel signs,
35
Waldman, JT,
240, 241
Weinstein,
Jay,
1
Western Wall,
213, 245,250
Wheel of Fortune,
202
Where the Wild Things Are (Sendak),
16
Winn-Lederer,
Ilene,
89, 250
Wolff, Barbara,
35,40-45, 247-49,253, 268
Wolfthal,
Diane,
225-28, 268
women: bathing,
167;
breasts of,
160,161,188-90;
conservative impulse and,
218;
Court Jews and,
72, 215-21, 223;
devotional books for,
21;
edu¬
cation and,
37-38,
tsç,
240;
emulative impulse
and,
218;
feminism and,
84,191, 229, 239-40,
253;
German script and,
166;
grain offerings
and,
166;
Hanukkah and,
160-61;
heroines,
173
[see also specific woman); home life and,
159-67,
173,175,181, 191;
idolatry and,
95,97,104;
in Italy,
160-62;
ketubot and,
61,62,68,71,167-73,208,
210, 216, 218,229, 240-41,243, 245-47,256;
as
kosher slaughterers,
162,164,16;;
marriage
and,
4, 61,77,167-69,173, 202, 208, 210, 216,
241;
martyrdom of, tar, matriarchs,
159,200;
menstruation and,
189-91;
nudity of,
188-91;
Passover and,
126;
as patrons,
90;
prayer
books and,
166,167, 216, 227;
printing and,
159;
redemption and,
49;
rituals and,
227-28;
as
scribes,
37-38;
sexuality and,
189-91;
silence
of,
84;
synagogues and,
227;
Tashlikh and,
228;
yeshivot and,
165
World War 1,
72
World War II,
72, 83,231
World Zionist Organization,
77
Worms,
), 26,66, 91
Würzburg, 66, 93-95
Yair,
136
Yakur, Esther,
173
ben Yehiel, Nathan,
37
yeshivah (institution of Jewish learning),
165
Yiddish,
3,5, 89,91,225-28
Yihus Ha Avot (The Lineage of the Patriarchs),
211
Yizhaki, Shlomo (RaSHI),
92-94,152,182, 210
Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement),
22,25,32,109
Yusufdnd Zulaykha
(Jami),
118
Zekhariah,
206
Zimri,
137
Zion,
48,53,173, 210
Zipporah,
151,153,160,161
Ziz (monstrous bird),
95,96
zodiac,
198, 201,202, 208
Zohar,
26,199
Zulaykha,
118
SKIES OF PARCHMENT | SEAS OF INK
Jewish Illuminated Manuscripts
EDITED BY MARC MICHAEL EPSTEIN
With contributions by
Eva Frojmovic, Jenna Siman Jacobs, Hartley Lachter, Shalom Sabar, Raymond P. Scheindlin,
Agnes Veto, Susan Vick, Barbara Wolff, and Diane Wolfthal
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VII
1 introduction: for the love of BOOKS 1
Marc Michael Epstein
2 PEOPLE OF THE BOOK/BOOKS OF THE PEOPLE: ILLUMINATING THE CANON 19
Hartley Lachter with Marc Michael Epstein
3 PARCHMENTS AND PALIMPSESTS: SCRIBE, ILLUMINATOR, PATRON, AUDIENCE 29
Marc Michael Epstein
focus: the illuminated page: materials, methods, and techniques
Barbara Wolff 40
4 MAPPING THE TERRITORY: ’ARB AH KANFOT HA’AREZ—THE FOUR CORNERS OF THE
MEDIEVAL JEWISH WORLD 47
EREZ YISRAEL/THE LAND OF ISRAEL: HOMELAND AND CENTER
Marc Michael Epstein 47
italia/italy: THE FIRST WESTERN DIASPORA
Marc Michael Epstein 55
ASHKENAZ: FRANCO-GERMANY, ENGLAND, CENTRAL AND EAST EUROPE
Eva Frojmovic with Marc Michael Epstein 63
SEPHARAD AND ARAV: SPAIN AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Raymond P. Scheindlin with Marc Michael Epstein 72
THE PROBLEM OF “NATIONAL STYLE”
Eva Frojmovic with Marc Michael Epstein 77
3 NO GRAVEN IMAGE: PERMITTED DEPICTIONS, FORBIDDEN DEPICTIONS, AND
CREATIVE SOLUTIONS 89
Eva Frojmovic and Marc Michael Epstein
FOCUS: EXPLORING THE MYSTERY OF THE BIRDS’ HEAD HAGGADAH
Marc Michael Epstein 97
6 iconography: telling the story 103
Marc Michael Epstein
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTINCTIONS 105
APPROACHES TO THE BIBLICAL NARRATIVE 122
VI
CONTENTS
7 DIALOGUE AND DISPUTATION: CULTURAL NEGOTIATION 145
Marc Michael Epstein
UNDER EDOM 145
UNDER ISHMAEL 153
8 THIS WORLD! CENTERED ON THE HOME—WOMEN, MARRIAGE, AND
THE FAMILY 159
Shalom Sabar
focus: “glimpses of Jewish life”: reality or illusion?
Marc Michael Epstein 175
focus: “incidental details”: margins and meaning
Marc Michael Epstein 182
focus: “sacred and profane”: naked ladies in the HAGGADAH?
Agnes Veto 188
9 OTHER worlds: fantastic horizons and unseen universes 193
Hartley Lachter with Marc Michael Epstein
IO ZION AND JERUSALEM: “THE SUM OF ALL BEAUTY, THE JOY OF ALL
THE EARTH” 205
Shalom Sabar
IX IN THE ROYAL COURT: JEWISH ILLUMINATION IN AN AGE OF PRINTING 215
Marc Michael Epstein
FOCUS: AYIDDISH MINHAGIM MANUSCRIPT 225
Diane Wolfthal
12 ILLUMINATING THE PRESENT: CONTEMPORARY JEWISH ILLUMINATION 229
Susan Vick with Marc Michael Epstein
13 CONTINUING THE JOURNEY: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND MANUSCRIPT
DESCRIPTIONS 253
Jenna Simon Jacobs with Marc Michael Epstein
MANUSCRIPTS AND FACSIMILES 255
SURVEYS 261
COLLECTION SURVEYS AND EXHIBITION CATALOGUES 263
STUDIES 265
CONTRIBUTOR BIOGRAPHIES 267
INDEX 269
PHOTO CREDITS 276
|
| adam_txt |
SKIES OF PARCHMENT | SEAS OF INK
Jewish Illuminated Manuscripts
V
EDITED BY MARC MICHAEL EPSTEIN
With contributions by
Eva Frojmovic, Jenna Siman Jacobs, Hartley Lachter, Shalom Sabar, Raymond P Scheindlin,
Agnes Veto, Susan Vick, Barbara Wolff, and Diane Wolfthal
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD
CONTENTS
V
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS V]I
1 INTRODUCTION: FOR THE LOVE OF BOOKS 1
Marc Michael Epstein
2 PEOPLE OF THE BOOK/BOOKS OF THE PEOPLE: ILLUMINATING THE CANON 19
Hartley Lachter with Marc Michael Epstein
3 PARCHMENTS AND PALIMPSESTS: SCRIBE, ILLUMINATOR, PATRON, AUDIENCE 29
V
Marc Michael Epstein
FOCUS:THEILLUMINATEDPAGE:MATERIALS,METHODS,ANDTECHNIQUES
Barbara Wolff 40
4 MAPPING THE TERRITORY: 'ARB'AH KANFOT KA'AREZ—THE FOUR CORNERS OF THE
MEDIEVAL JEWISH WORLD 47
EREZYISRAEL/THELALFOOFISRAEL:HOMELANDANDCENTER
Marc Michael Epstein 47
ITALIA/ITALY:THEFIRSTWESTERNDIASPORA
Marc Michael Epstein 55
ASHKEN^Z:FRANCO-GERMANY,ENGLAND,CENTRALANDEASTEUROPE
Eva Frojmovic with Marc Michael Epstein 63
SEPHARADANDARAV:SPAINANDTHEMIDDLEEAST
Raymond P Scheindlin with Marc Michael Epstein 72
THEPROBLEMOFNATIONALSTYLE
Eva Frojmovic with Marc Michael Epstein 77
5 NO GRAVEN IMAGE: PERMITTED DEPICTIONS, FORBIDDEN DEPICTIONS, AND
CREATIVE SOLUTIONS 89
Eva Frojmovic and Marc Michael Epstein
FOCUS:EXPLORINGTHEMYSTERYOFTHEBIRDS'HEADHAGGADAH
Marc Michael Epstein 97
6 ICONOGRAPHY: TELLING THE STORY 105
Marc Michael Epstein
GEOGRAPHICALDISTINCTIONS105
APPROACHESTOTHEBIBLICALNARRATIVE122
VICONTENTS
7 DIALOGUE AND DISPUTATION: CULTURAL NEGOTIATION 145
Marc Michael Epstein
UNDEREDOM145
UNDERISHMAEL153
8 THIS WORLD: CENTERED ON THE HOME—WOMEN, MARRIAGE, AND
THE FAMILY 159
Shalom Sabar
FOCUS:GLIMPSESOFJEWISHLIFE:REALITYORILLUSION?
Marc Michael Epstein 175
FOCUS:INCIDENTALDETAILS:MARGINSANDMEANING
Marc Michael Epstein 182
FOCUS:SACREDANDPROFANE:NAKEDLADIESINTHEHAGGADAH?
Agnes Veto 188
9 OTHER WORLDS: FANTASTIC jVlORIZONS AND UNSEEN UNIVERSES 193
Hartley Lachter with Marc Michael Epstein
IO ZION AND JERUSALEM: THE SUM OF ALL BEAUTY, THE JOY OF ALL
THE EARTH 205
Shalom Sabar
11 IN THE ROYAL COURT: JEWISH ILLUMINATION IN AN AGE OF PRINTING 215
Marc Michael Epstein
FOCUS:AYIDDISHMINHAGIMMANUSCRIPT225
j Diane Wolfthal
12 ILLUMINATING THE PRESENT: CONTEMPORARY JEWISH ILLUMINATION 229
Susan Vick with Marc Michael Epstein
13 CONTINUING THE JOURNEY: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND MANUSCRIPT
DESCRIPTIONS 255
Jenna Siman Jacobs with Marc Michael Epstein
MANUSCRIPTSANDFACSIMILES255
SURVEYS261
COLLECTIONSURVEYSANDEXHIBITIONCATALOGUES263
STUDIES265
CONTRIBUTOR BIOGRAPHIES 267
INDEX 269
PHOTO CREDITS 276
INDEX
Page numbers
¡η
italics refer to figures.
Aaron,
53-54,79,136,151,175, 205,217, 218-19,
25°
Abraham,
189, 243;
and binding of Isaac,
6,7, ¿5,
66,
wo,
123,152,205;
iconography and,
123,128,
134-35,
lbT> idolatry and,
89, 90, 95;
Ishmael and,
47-48;
Nimrod
and,
134,155
Abrezusch,
65
Abularia,
Abraham,
26
acrylics,
229,240,245,247
Adam,
49,67, 95,96,129,
ці,
132-35
Adrashir
Nama,
139-43,156-57
aesthetics,
36;
in contemporary illuminated
manuscripts,
231-32, 239,247,253;
cultural vi¬
tality and,
27;
emulative impulse and,
218;
Erez
Yisrael and,
48;
home life and,
181;
iconography
and,
109,114—16,
ui,
146;
idolatry and,
89;
inter¬
pretation and,
11-12;
Italy and,
57,59,61;
patrons
and,
3,39;
printing and,
216
afterlife,
66,248
Agam, Yakov,
239
Ahashverosh: Esther and,
12, 95,
со,
118-19,
ízi,
139,140,156,173, 191, 215, 237;
Haman and,
12, 119,
139,143-44, 220;
Mordechai and,
12, 119, 215,219;
Persia and,
12,95,96,118-19,
121>
49.
'4°i
Цб»
·73,
ípi,
215,237
'kľdah
(Binding of Isaac),
66,123,125
'-.kiva,
Rabbi,
175
■v.inohads,
74
Amalekites,
117,119,136,228
Ambrosian Bible,
96,104
'Anav,
Paola,
37-38
al-'Andalus,
87
angels; on Ark of the Covenant,
101,135,139,140;
cherubs and,
101,135,157;
dreams and,
10;
icon¬
ography of,
114,118,133-35, 4%
4°'
46-47,
153-54;
idolatry and,
92,100,103-4;
Moses and,
2;
spiritual realms and,
195
aniconisra,
89,
<j¡,
97,112,114
animal heads,
91-92, 95-101,104
anthropomorphisms,
8,91
'Arav (the Muslim East): Biblical narrative and,
136-44;
Bunting map and,
47;
iconography in,
111-22,136-44;
Italy and,
56-57;
prosperity and,
72-73;
Sepharad and,
72-77.
See also Muslims
Ardashir/Ezra (Ahashverosh/Ezra Book) (Shahin),
118-19,
121>
139.14°.
H3< >53.
46, 157
Aristotle,
23
Ark of the Covenant,
101,135,139,140
Asher, Rabenu,
16
Ashkenaz,
48,56;
afterlife in,
66;
Bible in,
65,75,
122-27;
Bunting map and,
47;
Catalonia and,
75-76;
Crusades in,
63-65;
cultural parallelism
in,
63-66;
cursive script in,
32;
diaspora and,
62-72;
expulsions from,
67-68;
Frankfurt
and,
66,68;
God and,
64-66;
Great Suburban
Synagogue,
71;
Haggadah in,
4,5p, 63, 67,122,
160,
20Ć,
223;
High Priest and,
206;
huppah and,
160;
iconography in,
105-11,122-27;
identity
in,
225;
idolatry and,
92-95;
Italy and,
56-57,59;
ketubah and,
169;
Lviv and,
68,71;
martyrdom
in,
64-66;
micrographic decoration in,
35-36;
Middle Ages in,
63,68,72;
Passover in,
5p;
pa¬
trons in,
63, 65,68;
persecution in,
63;
Prague
and,
66-68,71;
printing in,
66-67, 206, 208;
quills in,
33,40;
rabbis in,
64, 66,71;
Renaissance
in,
72;
scribes in,
65;
Scuola
Grande
Tedesca,
71;
Sepharad and,
67-68;
square script in,
32;
synagogues in,
63,71-72,92;
Thirty Years'
War in,
68;
tradition in,
55-59,72;
Worms,
66;
Würzburg, 66;
Yiddish in,
226
astrology,
147,199,202
astronomy,
147,
ipS,
199
authorship,
10,95,154,187;
collaboration and,
38;
illuminators and,
5
(see also illuminators); illus¬
trators and,
5,116, 229, 240;
patrons and,
5
[see
also patrons); rabbis and,
5;
tradition and,
5
Avicenna,
25
'Avodah,
109
benAzariah, Eleazar,
175,178
Babylon,
56,
in,
156,183
Band, Debra,
241,243
Bar Kokhba,
205
Baroque period,
12,15,57, 61-63,71-72,206,21p
Baskin,
Leonard,
239
Behemoth (monstrous land-beast),
95
Benjamin, Siona,
239-40
bestiaries,
186
Between Heaven
<&
Earth: An Illuminated Torah
Commentary (Winn-Lederer),
250
Bible(s),
4,6, 8,32;
biblical narratives in,
8,21,
106-9,116,122-44,154, 225;
Cairo Genizah and,
206;
colophons in,
29;
Court Jews and,
215;
decoration of,
73
(see also illuminated manu¬
scripts); Divine vengeance in,
65;
Ere? Yisrael
in,
49-52;
exiles and,
49;
Gospels and,
151,210;
heroes of,
91
(see also specific individual); icon¬
ography and,
106,112,113,132,137-39,153,184,
186-87;
idolatry and,
91-95,96,104;
Jerusalem
and,
52,
20Ć,
210-11;
massoretes and,
29, 35-36,
39,73,75,85,87, 95,
çó,
113,187;
metonyms in,
184;
Mikdashya (Sanctuary of God) illustrations
in,
206;
national style and,
85, 87;
prophecy in,
52;
redemption in,
49-50,54, 64;
in Sepharad,
73-76, 206;
in synagogues,
21;
Tabernacle in,
51,
206.
See also specific book
Bibles, specific: Ambrosian,
92, 95,
рб,
104;
Ashkenazic,
65,75;
Cervera,
29,75,87,187;
La
Coruña,
75;
Damascus Keter,
75;
Kennicott,
87;
Portuguese,
76; Schocken, 02, 234;
Toledo,
74;
Tudela,
75;
Wroclaw,
92
binders,
31,159
Binding of Isaac,
6,7,
Ő5,
66,100,123,152,205
Birkát ha-Mazon
(Grace after Meals),
166
Black Plague,
76
blessings,
38,54,91,128,137,166,167, 215-16,218,
234,236,250
Bloch, Hayyim,
249
B'naiBrak,^,
122,17p
Bo'az,
95,97,240, 241
Book of Hours,
90,181
Book of Jubilees,
123
books: as art,
7p, 89, 205,231-32;
burning of,
105-ć,
146;
burnishing and,
40,42-43;
codicology and,
29;
contemporary approaches to,
229-53;
glue
ana,
41-42,44;
illuminated manuscripts and,
2-5, 7,10-11,16
(see also illuminated manu¬
scripts); Jewish tradition and,
2;
leaves and,
31;
libraries and,
19, 255;
love of,
1-16,19;
majuscules
and,
35;
paleography and,
31-32;
paper and,
5,
30,40,116,
up,
229, 247, 256;
papercut technique
and,
62,196,200, 243, 245;
parchment and,
5, 21,
29-3o.
ЗЗ1
40.
41,
166-67, 229, 240, 247,249, 253,
256;
quires and,
31;
surviving historical,
19, 21;
valuation of,
1-2;
vellum and,
30,31,116,183
Borshevsky, Avraham-Hersh,
234, 237, 246
Boswell, John,
183
Botticelli,
160
Buber, Martin,
84
Bunting,
Henrich, 47
Burning Bush,
136,195
burnishing,
40,42-43
Byzantines,
56, 73,139
Caleb,
136,186
calligraphy,
79;
in contemporary illuminated
manuscripts,
231,234,239-40,246-47,250;
Eastern culture and,
111;
STAM (Sifrei
Torah,
Tefillin, Mezuzot),
246
Camille,
Michael,
182
270
INDEX
Canaan,
94,186
Canon
of Avicenna,
23, 25
Canterbury
Tales, 202
cantillation
marks,
35
Carl,
Malla,
231-33, 240, 247
carpet pages,
73,75,8;, 112,
ад,
154, 155
Caspi, Mickie,
241, 243
cathedrals,
19, 89
Catholicism,
57,173, 215
Cervera Bible,
29,75,87,187
Chagall, Marc,
239
cherubs,
101,135,157
Christianity: Almohads' outlawing of,
74;
Creator
and,
7-8;
cultural parallelism and,
63-66;
dom¬
inance of,
63,145;
folktales and,
27;
idolatry and,
89-90, 94;
Islamic protection of citizens and,
73;
mass conversion to,
76;
Old Law and,
64;
Rome and,
47,56;
Torah of Moses and,
152
Christians: anti-Jewish sentiments and,
38-39;
bestiaries and,
186;
cathedrals and,
19, $%
charging interest on loans and,
57;
Court Jews
and,
72;
crusades and,
64-65;
cultural negoti¬
ation and,
145-53;
Glikl and,
72;
Greek manu¬
scripts and,
3;
home life and,
159;
iconography
and,
38-39, 75,112,117,121,123,125,129,133,139,
145-53,159;
Jerusalem and,
208;
Middle Ages
and,
63;
national style and,
77, 82, 84-85, 87;
reconquest by,
74;
Sepharad and,
225;
spiritual
realms and,
195, 202;
violence and,
63-65
circumcision,
57,64, 65, 147,159-60,189,191,226, 227
codicology,
29
colophons,
5, 29,35-37, 73,91,166
conservative impulse,
218
contemporary illuminated manuscripts: acrylics
in,
229,
24O1
245,247;
Agam,
239;
Band,
241, 243;
Baskin, 239;
Benjamin,
239-40;
Borshevsky,
234,237,246;
Carl,
231-33,240,247;
Caspi,
241,
243;
Chagall,
239;
Esther in,
231, 234,237-39,
240-41;
feminism and,
229, 253, 239-40,253;
Golub,
234, 237, 240;
gouache in,
229,237;
Granot,
243;
Haggadah,
229-34,
2i6,
239-40,
247-49;
Hershberg,
234,236,237, 240, 247;
ke-
tubot,
229, 240-41,243, 245-47;
Levin,
250-53;
Messer, 240-41;
Moriah,
237-39, 246-47;
Moss,
232-34,241;
Old Masters and,
231;
paper
in,
229, 247;
Pludwinski,
246-47;
Shahn,
239;
Srolovitz,
245-47;
styles of,
229, 231,237, 240-41,
246-47,2^2,253;
Szyk,
230, 231-32;
Teplow,
243,
245;
Waldman,
240, 241;
Winn-Lederer,
89, 250;
Wolff,
247-49,255
conversos,
76
Cosbi,
137
Court Jews: conservative impulse and,
218;
eco¬
nomic services of,
68;
emulative impulse and,
218;
Esther,
215-21,223;
expected obedience of,
220;
Glikl,
72;
Haggadah and,
220-21;
home life
of,
166, 218;
Mordechai,
12,119, 215, 219;
patrons
and,
215, 218-19,
223> 225; precedents of,
215;
printing and,
215-28;
rise of,
23;
shtadlanim
(diplomats) and,
215;
status and,
166, 218, 219-24;
women and,
72, 215-21,223
Covenant of the Pieces,
128
Crusades,
63-65,102, 208
cultural negotiation: Christians and,
145-53;
con¬
text and,
147-48;
different meanings of symbols
and,
147-48;
ghettos and,
145,210;
iconography
and,
145-57;
meaning and,
147-50,152-53,
182-88;
Middle Ages and,
145-46;
separation of
Jewish/Christian cultures and,
145,154;
slavery
and,
149-51, 222-24;
synagogues and,
146,151-52;
under Edom and,
145-53;
under Ishmael and,
153-57
cultural parallelism,
63-66
cursive script,
32,33
Cyrus,
156
Daniel,
94, 219
ibn Daud, Abraham,
56
David, King,
6,7,48,
So,
90, 95,102,175
bar David of Leipnick, Joseph,
71,90,108,122,175,
217,222,223
Dayenu,
123
demigods,
104
demons,
197
Deuteronomy,
52,53,113,136,188
dhimmis (protected subjects),
73
diaspora: Ashkenaz and,
62-72;
Bunting map and,
47;
iconography in,
109, 205, 213;
Italy,
47,55-63;
Sepharad,
72-77, 246
Divine Chariot,
101,103
Divine Name,
109,195
Divine Realm,
26,195,199
Dome of the Rock,
208, 213, 245
Donatello,
160
Dormition Church,
245
dragons,
52,
Ю2,
103,136
Dura Europos,
109
Edom:
Erez Yisrael
and,
47-48,53;
iconography
of,
136,145-53;
Western Christendom and,
47
education,
4;
art and, 8<),
101;
book burning and,
105-6,146;
moral,
155-56;
Muslims and,
155-56;
Sepharad and,
74;
synagogues and,
91
(see also
synagogues); women and,
37-38,139, 240
effacement,
5, 92-93,96, 202
egg whites,
33
Egypt: afterlife in,
248;
Alexandria,
56;
Ashkenazic
art and,
64;
Cairo Genizah and,
206;
efface¬
ment and,
99;
Exodus and,
54,159,185, 221-22;
flourishing culture in,
73,188;
iconography of,
106,108,122-28,144,149-51,153;
idolatry
of.pý,
100,103;
ketubah and,
168;
Moses and,
225
{see
also Moses); Passover and,
54
(see also Passover);
Pharaoh,
7ý,
99,101,110,134,13;, 149-50,217,
218,222-24;
slavery and,
149-51, 222-24;
Ten
Plagues on,
106,110-12,123,135
Eldad,
13c
Eleazar,
136
Eleazar of Worms,
26
Elijah,
67,68, 206-8
emulative impulse,
218
End of Days,
64,172, 208, 210
England,
47, 63,67,147
Englishness of English Art, The (Pevsner),
83
Ephraim,
Rabbi of Ratisbon,
99
Epstein, Marc Michael: on Ashkenaz,
63-72;
on contemporary illuminated manuscripts,
229-53;
on Court Jews,
215-28;
on
Erez
Yisrael;
47-55;
on home life,
175-88;
on iconography,
7-16,105-57;
on idolatry,
89-104;
on Italy,
55-63;
on Jewish vs. Hebrew illuminated manu¬
scripts,
3-4;
on love of books,
1-18;
on national
style,
77-87;
on patrons,
29,35-39;
on People of
the Book,
19,21,23-25,27;
on Sepharad,
72-77;
on spiritual realms,
193-202
Erez
Yisrael (The Land of Israel),
73;
aesthetics
and,
48;
Bible and,
49-52;
Bunting map and,
47;
cultural importance of,
47-55;
ibn Daud and,
56;
destruction of Temples and,
52-53,56,
Ш,
115,125,205
(see also Temples); Edom and,
47-48,
53;
God and,
50-55;
Haggadah and,
49,54-55;
ideological maps and,
210;
Israel Museum,
49;
Jerusalem and,
48
(see also Jerusalem); Jews
exiled from,
48-49;
Land of Promise and,
125;
literary role of,
49-55;
National Library and,
49;
Old Yishuv in,
213;
Ottomans and,
213;
Passover
and,
54;
rabbis and,
47-48;
Titus and,
55-56;
tra¬
dition and,
47-48,50;
Zion and,
48,53,173, 210
Esau,
47,132,160
eschatology,
64, 95,96,99,109-10,152
Esther,
159;
Adrashir
Nama
and,
156-57;
Ahashverosh and,
12,95,96,118-19,121,139,140,
156,173,191, 215, 237;
contemporary illuminated
manuscripts and,
231, 234,237-39,240-41;
Court
Jews and,
215-21, 223;
as diplomat,
215;
Erez
Yisrael and,
54;
Haman and,
12,119,139,143-44,
220;
Mordechai and,
22,119,215, 219;
national
style and,
83-85;
scroll of,
12,14-15, 23,49,
Ц,
83-85,06, 114,
Щ
139. 43,
2o8,
216,218-20, 223,
234,
237-3У,
240
Ethics of the Fathers,
185
Eve,
49,67, 9% 96,132-33,135,159
Exodus,
159;
death of firstborn and,
106;
Haggadah
and,
75,185, 231,248;
iconography and,
106,
107-9,
122> 123.
Щ:
¡28-29,
Щ> Цбі
151-52, '54;
idolatry and,
92,94,97,101;
Passover and,
97
(see
also Passover); redemption and,
54;
retelling
story of,
54, 221-24,
249Ί
Sepharad and,
75
expulsions,
19,48,57, 67,106
Ezekiel,
48, 95,188-90
ibn Ezra, Abraham,
25
Ezra of
Gerona,
26
facsimiles,
77,80,84,132,255-56
Farrisol, Abraham,
165-66
Fath
Nama
(Book of the Conquest) ('Imrani),
119,
138
Feast of Tabernacles,
55, 221
feminism,
84,191,229,239-40,253
Ferdinand,
76
Fiery Furnace,
94,134
Finzi, Samuel Nissim,
173
Five Rabbis,
3,175,17p
INDEX
27!
Five Scrolls,
12
Flight into Egypt,
151
folk style,
82,83
folktales,
26-27
Four Children,
62,63,71,122,127
Four Questions,
231
France,
57,63, 67,75-76, 83,91,105
Frankfurt,
66, 68
French Revolution,
83
Friedenwald,
Jonas,
213
Frojmovic, Eva,
63-72,77-87, 89-104, 267
ibn
Gabiről,
Solomon,
25,193
Gabriel, uS
Gamliel,
Rabban,
175
Ganbash,
Moshe, 211
Garden of Eden,
48, 99
Gateway of the Heavens,
193,
щ
Genesis: Abraham,
128;
Adam and Eve,
96;
Haggadah and,
75,130-35;
iconography of, u8,
128-29,
4°~Ά
133;
J°b
an(ì
48;
opening pages
of, <)2,
234
Genizah (document repository),
168, 206
Germany. See Ashkenaz
gesso,
41-42
ghettos,
145,210
Gikatilla, Joseph,
26
gilgul,
201
Glikl of Hameln,
72
glue,
41-42,44
God: in Ashkenaz,
64-66;
in contemporary illu¬
minated manuscripts,
234,249;
creation and,
7-8,103-4,109,193, 234;
Divine Name of,
109,
195;
Divine Realm and,
26,195,199;
Divine Self
and,
193;
Divine vengeance and,
64-65;
dreams
and,
10;
Erez Yisrael
and,
50-55;
home life and,
166,173,185,188-89;
iconography of,
ý,
109, 111,
121,123,128-29, 43-35.137.
Ц9> Ції Цб>
idolatry
and,
92,
ý4.
95.103-4;
Jerusalem and,
50-51,53,
îû6;
Moses and,
224-25;
natural phenomena
and,
193;
Paola
'Anav and,
37;
Presence of,
50,
u;
spiritual realms and,
193,195,197,199,201-2;
Tabernacle and,
51-52;
Temple and,
52;
Unity
of,
2,22
gold: gold leaf,
30,33,40,42-43,43,237;
illumina¬
tion with,
2,5,7,30,33,35,40,41-43,45,90, 94,
154, 206,223, 234, 237, 241;
powdered,
33;
Seder
and,
223;
Tabernacle and,
51,206
Golden Calf,
101
Golden Gate of the Old City of Jerusalem,
234
Golden Haggadah,
ю;
Abel in,
132;
Abram
in,
135;
Adam in,
131-33;
Cain in,
132;
Eve in,
133;
Genesis in,
130-3%
iconography of,
109,110,114,
129,130-33,151-52;
Isaac in,
130,134;
Joseph in,
10,
13У,
marginal illumination in,
184;
Miriam
in,
49,133;
Moses in,
22,133,151-52;
Nimrod
in,
134-35;
Noah in,
130-31,133-34;
Passover and,
132;
Pharaoh in,
¡35;
ten plagues in,
106,110
Golden Idol,
94
Goliath,
6,7
Golub,
Irina, 234, 237, 240
Gospels,
151, 210
Gothic style,
12,
iç,
52,74-76,87,182,195
Gottlieb,
Adolph, 247
gouache,
229,237
Grace after Meals,
166,167,215, 216
grain offerings,
166
Granot, Archie,
243
Great Suburban Synagogue,
71
Greek manuscripts,
3
griffins, loo,
102-3
gypsum,
33
Haggadah,
3,7, 72;
in Ashkenaz,
4,59, 63, 67,
122,160, 206, 223;
contemporary illuminated
manuscripts of,
229-34,
2i&>
239~4°> 247~49ί
Court Jews and,
220-21;
elites and,
216-25;
Erez
Yisrael and,
49,54-55;
Four Children in,
62, 63,
71, 122,127;
home life and,
їда ібо,
ιοί,
165-66,
175, 178,
17c,
183-85;
iconography of,
106-8,
109-14,122-36,149-52;
idolatry and,
89-91, 95,
97-104;
national style and,
77,
γρ, 8ο,
82;
nudity
and,
188-91;
Sepharad and,
75,178,185;
Haggadot, specific: Amsterdam,
223,225;
Barcelona,
149-50;
Birds'(Griffins') Head,
67,
95, 97-104,122-27,183, 244;
Darmstadt,
¡5p, 165,
175;
Golden,
10,22,49,106,109,
no,
114,129,130-35,
151-52,184;
Hispano-Moresque,
7%
Jerusalem,
206-8,234,236; Kaufmann, 184;
Leipnick,
223;
Mantua,
67;
Pessah,
23,54;
Rose,
249;
Sarajevo,
8,77,79, 80,150,160;
Seder,
68,208,223;
Venice,
208;
Washington,
¡9, 62, 63, 67,68,207
halakha (Jewish law),
21,64
Hallel prayer,
91
Haman,
12,119,139,143-44, 220
Hamburg Miscellany,
65-66,160,161,
φο, 2θ6,
207
Hannah,
65-66
Hanukkah,
65,
So,
160-61,218
haredi (ultra-Orthodox),
190, 229
Hasmoneans,
161
hazzan (cantor),
23,91
he-Hasid, Judah,
26
Heikhalot texts,
25-26
Herod,
205, 208
Hershberg, Yael,
234,236, 237, 240, 247
High Holiday,
21, 55,91
High Priest,
50,54,109, 206
Hindus,
239
Holofernes,
161
Holy of Holies,
101,109, 205
Holy Spirit,
157
home life: aesthetics and,
181;
Christians and,
159;
conservative impulse and,
218;
Court Jews and,
166, 218;
emulative impulse and,
218;
fantasy of,
175-81;
God and,
166,173,185,188-89;
Haggadah
and,
15p, 160,
iái,
165-66,175,178,179,183-85;
huppah and,
160;
illuminators and,
178,181,183,
191;
ketubot and,
61,62, 68, 71,167,169-71,172,
208, 210, 216, 218, 229,240-41, 243, 245-47, 256;
marriage and,
4, 61,77,167-69,171,173, 202, 208,
210, 216,218, 229, 240-47, 256;
in the Middle
Ages,
159,182;
narrative and,
159,184;
Passover
and,
159;
patrons and,
166,175,179,181,183,186,
191;
persecution and,
182;
Persian,
181;
rabbis
and,
159,165,168-69,175,178,179,186,189;
re¬
ality of,
175-81;
Renaissance and,
160,165,175,
186-87;
rituals and,
159,166-67,173,175,189-90,
218;
scribes and,
159,166;
Sepharad and,
181;
synagogues and,
167;
Temple and, 166; tradition
and,
168-69,182-86,188,190;
visual metonyms
and,
184-86
huppah (marriage canopy),
160
ben Hushiel, Hananel,
56-57
Iberia. See Sepharad
iconography: aesthetics and,
109,114-16,121,146;
aniconism and,
89, 93, 97,112,114;
anti-Jewish,
38-39;
in 'Arav,
111-22,136-44;
in Ashkenaz,
122-27;
Bible and,
106,112,113,132,137-39,153,
184,186-87;
Biblical narratives and,
8, 21,106-9,
116,122-44,154,225;
Christians and,
75,112,117,
121,123,125,129,133,139,145-53;
in contempo¬
rary illuminated manuscripts,
229-53;
context
and,
147-48;
cultural negotiation and,
145-57;
description of,
7-9;
different meanings of
symbols in,
147-48;
diaspora and,
109,205,213;
dragons in,
52, ¡02-3,136;
of Edom,
136,145-53;
geographical distinctions and,
105-22;
of God,
109,111,121,123,128-29,
ВД-ЗЗ'
47' 49·
ιΆ
Цб;
of griffins,
100,102-3;
in the Haggadah,
ioá-8,
109-14,122-36,149-52;
in historical context,
108;
idolatry and,
89-104;
illuminators and,
114,116,122-23,125,136,139,143,147-48,152-54;
illustrators and,
4-8,116, 229,240;
of Ishmael,
153—57;
of Jerusalem,
205-13;
meaning and,
108-9,129,147-50,152-53,182-88;
medieval,
105,122,125,145-46,163;
mysticism and,
107;
Passover and,
123-28,132-33;
patrons and,
29,
37-39,108-11,116,121-23,125,139,147-49.153. '57.'
persecution and,
108,110,115,121,144,150;
Persia
and,
111,114-21,136-39,140,143,144,153-57;
phi¬
losophy and,
111;
prophets and,
8;
rabbis and,
23,
107-9,115/121-23,127-28,134;
Renaissance and,
145;
rituals and,
109,125-27,146;
scribes and,
153;
Sepharad and,
73-76,105-11,127-36;
slavery
and,
149-51,222-24;
standard,
7-10,149;
syn¬
agogues and,
109,146,151-52,
205-ć;
Temples
and,
109,111,115,123-25,132,139,156, 206, 208,
213;
tradition and,
7,10-11,106-7,
ш.
"ó.
118-23,
125,127-28,136,148,151,155-56;
trickle-down
effects and,
155;
under Edom,
145-53;
under
Ishmael,
153-57;
visual metonyms and,
184-86
identity: Ashkenaz and,
225;
cultural,
68,74,76-87,
83-84,101,116,151, 220, 223-25,252, 253, 255;
cul¬
tural negotiation and,
145-57;
of Moses,
224-25;
national style and,
77-87;
self-definition and,
109;
slavery and,
149-51, 222-24
idolatry: aesthetics and,
89;
aniconism and,
89,
93,97,112,114;
animals and,
91-92,95-101,104;
Ashkenaz and,
92;
Bible and,
91-95,96,104;
bilder
and,
89;
cathedrals and,
89;
Christians
and,
89-90,94;
effacement
and,
5, 92-93,96;
forbidden depictions and,
92;
God and,
92,94,
272
INDEX
95,103-4;
Golden Calf and,
101;
griffins and,
100,102-3;
Haggadah and,
89-91,95,97-104;
human form and,
89-104;
illuminators and,
90,92,94,99,102,104;
Middle Ages and,
101;
Muslims and,
89,92;
mysticism and,
101;
nar¬
rative and,
91-95,97, 99;
national style and,
77;
patrons and,
90-95, 99-100,102,104;
Persia
and,
97;
prayer books and,
90-91;
rabbis and,
92-95,99,
ιοί,
103-4;
scribes and,
90,92,93-95;
Second Commandment and,
92;
secular space
and,
89-94;
stained glass and,
92;
synagogues
and,
92, 103;
Temple and,
89,94,101;
Ten
Commandments and,
77;
tradition and,
90,102;
women and,
95,97,104
illuminated manuscripts: aesthetics and,
3,231-32,
239, 247, 253
(see also aesthetics); ancient process
of,
29;
authorship and,
5,10,38, 95,154,187;
book
burning and,
105-6,146;
burnishing in,
40,42-
43;
calligraphy in,
γρ,
in,
231, 234,239-40, 246-
47,250;
carpet pages in,
73,75,8;,
иг, щ,
154,1;;;
codicology of,
29;
color in,
5,7;
commissioning
of,
3-5, 23, 39,83,90-91,102,110,115-16,148,153,
157,166-68,175,178,186,193,215, 218-19,
223>225>
233, 239, 241,245,253;
contemporary,
229-53;
Court Jews and,
215-28;
cultural negotiation
and,
145-57;
cursive scripts in,
32,33;
description
of,
5;
glue in,
41-42,44;
Haggadah and,
239-40,
247-49
(see
đ'so Haggadah);
home life and,
159-
91;
idolatry and,
89-104;
illustrators of,
4-8,
116, 229, 240;
initial word panels in,
16,35,52,
95;
ink and,
5,33,35,40-41,44-4% 253;
Jerusalem
and,
205-13;
Jewish vs. Hebrew illumination of,
3-4;
ketubot,
169-70;
love of books and,
2-5,7,
lo
-п,
16;
majuscules in,
35;
margins in,
38,61,
84,94,97,149,161,182-88, 215, 226;
medieval,
19,
23,27,29,40, 241,247;
micrographie
decoration
in,
35-36, 65, 73, 75,112,154-56;
Mudejar
style in,
74-75;
narrative in,
105-44,231, 239, 247
(see also
narrative); national style in,
77-87;
paleography
in,
31-32;
parchment in,
5, 21,29-30, 33,40,41,
166-67,
229> 24°i 247> 24P> 253>
25б;
patrons and,
3-5, 23, 39, S3, 90-91,102,110,115-16,148,153,157,
166-68,175,178,186,193, 215,218-19,
223' 225>
233,
239,241,245,253;
and People of the Book,
19,21,
23-25, 27;
in Persia,
239, 243,
2p,
253;
philosophy
and,
21, 23, 25-26;
pigments for,
33,35,40,44,
45, 234;
prayer books and,
21-23, 90-91,166-67,
216,218, 227,
2jo; printing and,
215-28;
punc¬
tuators of,
35,95;
rabbis and,
227,241,243,
24c,
253;
reed pens and,
31,33,40,111;
Renaissance
and,
40, 231, 234, 237, 239, 249;
scribes of,
29-30,
33.35-36, 38-40;
square scripts and,
32,33,36;
synagogues and,
227,228,250;
Temple and,
234;
tradition and,
23, 27, 33,43, 227-29, 231-34,237,
239,241,243,246-50, 253;
vellum and,
30,51,116,
183;
vowel signs and,
35
Illumination of Blessings, An (Winn-Lederer),
250
illuminators: accuracy and,
178;
contemporary,
231-32, 240, 245, 247;
and depictions of home
life,
178,181,183,191;
iconography and,
114,
11Ć,
122-23,125.136.139,143,
Ц7-48,
152-54;
identifying,
39;
idolatry and,
90, 92, 94, 99,102,
104;
illustrators and,
5;
inks of,
41-42,44-45;
na¬
tional style of,
80;
patrons and,
29,35-36,38-39
illustrators,
4-8,116,229, 240
'Imrani,
119
initial word panels,
16,35,52, 95
ink: illuminators and,
5,33,35,40-41, 253;
pigments
and,
33, 35,40,44-45, 234
Inquisition,
76, 215
Iraq,
57, 73-74,101
Isaac: binding of,
6, 7, 65, 66, ¡00,123,137,152, 205;
Moses and,
224;
naming of,
130,134,135
Isabella,
76
Ishmael,
47-48,153-57.
See also Muslims
Islam: contemporary illuminated manuscripts
and,
239, 247;
Dome of the Rock and,
208,
213, 245;
iconography and, iu-12,
116-17,119,
121,136,138-39,154,156;
idolatry and,
89, 92;
Muhammad and,
119,136,155;
narrative and,
138-39;
Quran and,
73,75,117-19,
13c, 15c
Italia, Shalom,
169
Italy: aesthetics in,
57,59, 61, 63;
'Arav and,
56-57;
Ashkenaz and,
56-57,59,208;
Baroque period
in,
12,15,57, 61-63,
71-72> 2°6,
2ψ,
ibn Daud and,
56;
as first Western diaspora,
55-63;
home-life
depictions and,
160;
ben Hushiel and,
56-57;
Lineage of the Patriarchs and,
211;
money lend¬
ers in,
57;
persecution in,
56-57;
printing in,
216;
prosperity in,
57,59;
quills in,
33,40;
rabbis and,
56;
Renaissance in,
57,59, 61,145;
Scuola
Grande
Tedesca,
71;
Sepharad and,
56-57,74;
syna¬
gogues in,
61;
Talmudic
commentaries from,
56;
women in,
160-62
Itamar,
136
Jacob,
48,132,143-44,
l6o> !^3> 224>
49
Jacobs, Jenna
Siman,
11,255-66, 267
Jeremiah,
53
Jerusalem: as abandoned girl,
188-89;
Abraham
and,
48;
Bible and,
52;
Bunting map and,
47;
Christians and,
208;
as cultural center,
48;
David and,
48;
destruction of,
52-53,56,111,115,
125, 205;
Dome of the Rock and,
208, 213, 245;
God and,
50,53,206;
Golden Gate of the Old
City and,
234;
Haggadah and,
206-8;
iconogra¬
phy and,
205-13;
ideological maps of,
211;
Jacob
and,
48;
Jewish Quarter of,
4;
Jewish revolt
and,
205;
Lineage of the Patriarchs and,
211;
Messiah and,
48, 206-8, 210;
Middle Ages and,
205-8,210;
as mountain of God's inheritance,
50-51;
Mount of Olives and,
206;
narrative
and,
210;
rabbis and,
206;
Renaissance and,
206-8;
Solomon and,
48;
Temples of,
50
(see also
Temples); tradition and,
206,208, 210-11, 213, 215
Jerusalem Haggadah,
234,236
Jesus,
90,123-25,147,151,152-53,208
Job, Si,
118,178-79,181
Jonah,
87
Joseph (husband of Mary),
151-52
Joseph (son of Jacob),
8,10,134,135,151-53,232
Joseph the Frenchman,
187
Judith,
67,159-61,162
kabbalism,
21,26-27,75/
Η",
193,
195>
199,
2oi-2
bar Kalonymos, Yosef,
95
Kalonymus,
56
kashrut (kosher laws),
132,162,16;
Kauffmann, David,
80,82
Keter Damascus,
75,112
Keter Malkhut,
193
ketubot (marriage contracts): in Ashkenaz,
169;
biblical miniatures in,
171-73;
in contemporary
manuscript illumination,
229, 240-41,243,
245-47;
women and,
61, 62, 68,71,167,169-73,
208, 210, 216, 218,229, 240-41, 243, 245-47, 256;
in Yemen,
171
kruvim (cherubs),
101
Kurush (Cyrus),
156,157
Lachter, Hartley,
19-27,193-202, 267
Lamentations,
52-53
Land of Israel. See
Erez Yisrael
Land of Promise. See
Erez
Yisrael
leaven, jp,
123,128, 234
leaves,
31
Lefikhakh (prayer),
126
bar David of Leipnick, Joseph,
71,
co,
108,122,175,
217,
22г,
223
de Leon,
Moses,
26
Leviathan,
95
Levin, Michael,
250-53
Leviticus,
51,136
liturgical texts,
21, 23;
in Ashkenaz,
64, 66;
ico¬
nography of,
108-9,
123.
187;
idolatry and,
102;
in Italy,
57;
miscellanies,
66,161,
iço,
207;
women and,
161,165,189,
ідо;
spiritual realms
and,
200
Luria, Isaac,
201
Lviv,
68,71
Maccabee, Judah,
161
Mahzad,
157
mahzorim (Festival prayerbooks),
33,80,
щ,
250;
in
Ashkenaz,
64;
cantors and,
23;
iconography in,
38,112,146;
idolatry and,
91, 93, 95,97,102,103,104;
medieval,
23;
Moses in,
¡1;
in Sepharad,
ói;
for
Yom Kippur,
22,25,32
mahzorim, specific: Rothschild,
щ,
201,202;
Tripartite,
64,95,
У7,
104;
Worms,
91
Maimonides,
1, 2, 21,24,25,32,4%, 92, 206,210
majuscules,
35
Mantegna,
160
Mantua,
19,35,67,68,162,165
Margolis, Judith,
231
maror (bitter herbs),
128
marriage; ketubot and,
61,62, 68,71,167,169-71,172,
208, 210, 216, 218, 229, 240-41, 243, 245-47,
25c;
tradition and,
4, 61, 77,167-69,173, 202, 208,210,
216,241;
wedding documents and,
168-69
Martial,
1
martyrdom,
64-66,102,109,137,160,
tói
Mary,
151,157
INDEX
massoretes,
29,35-36,39,73-74,75,85, 87, 95,
ç6,
113, 187
Matthew,
151
mazot
(unleavened bread),
4,j/,Pý,
123,127,159,234
megillot
(scrolls of the Writings),
12,14, 23, 54,83,
112,139, 227, 234,237-39, 246
Meir, Rabbi of Rothenburg,
64, 99
Mendel, Menachem
[Morgenstern],
the Kotzker
Rebbe,
221-22
menorah (Temple
lampstand),
51, 53,54, 94, 205
Meskal
kã-Kaámoni
(The Parable of the Ancient)
(Sahula),
26-27
Messer,
Tamar,
240-41
Messiah: in Ashkenaz,
65, 67, 68;
Jerusalem and,
48, 206-8, 210;
symbolism of,
89, 95,129,132,152
mezuzah (scriptural scroll affixed to doorposts),
I75,
181,
2ĄÓ
Michelangelo,
160
micrographic decoration,
35-36, 65, 73, 75,112,
154-56
Middle Ages: in Ashkenaz,
63, 68, 72;
Christian
culture in,
63;
cultural negotiation and,
145-46;
home life and,
159,182;
iconography during,
105,
122,125,145-46,163;
idolatry and,
101;
illumi¬
nated manuscripts in,
19, 23, 27, 29, 40, 241, 247;
Jerusalem and,
205-8, 210;
lasting traditions
and,
12;
mysticism and,
26-27;
national style
and,
84;
printing and,
215;
spiritual realms and,
199, 202;
synagogues in,
146;
Temple and,
206-8
Midian,
136-37
Mikdashya (Sanctuary of God) illuminations,
206
mikveh (ritual bath),
63,66,159,166-67,190
minhag (communal custom),
64, 225-28
Minhagim Bukh (Book of Customs),
225-28
Miriam,
49,133,159
Mirrors of Kings,
155
Mishneh Torah (Code of Jewish Law)
(Maimonides),
1,2,
ip,
21,52,52,58, 92,101,166,
205-6
mizvah (religiously ordained act),
12,189
Modigliani,
Amadeo,
247
money lenders,
57
Mordechai,
12,
uç,
215,219
Moreh Nebukhim (The Guide for the Perplexed)
(Maimonides),
24, 25
Moresque style,
7p, 85, 87
Morían,
Avner,
237-39,
24б-47
Moses, 22, 95;
Aaron and,
53-54,79,136,151,175, 205,
217,218-19,
25°; angels and,
2;
Burning Bush
and,
136,195;
drawn from the Nile,
72;
Exodus
and,
Ç4
(see also Exodus); iconography of,
108,
11}, 118-19,
122·
133.136-37,151—54;
identity of,
224-25;
kills Egyptian,
223-24;
Pharaoh and,
7Ç,
2\j, Red Sea and, pi; sends out spies,
186;
Song of,
113;
tablets of the Covenant and,
11, 93;
Tent of Meeting and,
51,137;
Torah and,
185-86;
Zipporah and,
151,153,160,161
Moss, David,
232-34, 241
Mount of Olives,
206
Mudejar
style,
74-75
Muhammad,
119,136,155
Munich RaShI,
92-94
Musa
Nama
(Moses Book) (Shahin),
118,136
Muslims,
3,47,56, 208, 239;
Almohads,
74;
cultural
negotiation and,
153-57;
education and,
155-56;
folktales of,
27;
Mirrors of Kings and,
155;
nar¬
rative and,
138-39;
Sepharad and,
72-77, 87,169.
See also Islam
mysticism,
182;
The Book of Formation and,
25;
the Chariot and,
101;
Heikhalot texts and,
25-26;
iconography and,
107;
idolatry and,
ich; kabbalism
and,
193
{see also kabbalism);
Middle Ages and,
26-27;
spiritual realms and,
193-203
Nachman,
Rebbe,
247
Nahmanides,
195
Napoleonic wars,
83
narrative: in'Arav,
111-22;
in Ashkenaz,
105-11;
'Avodah and,
109;
biblical,
8, 21,106-9,
n&i
122-44,154, 225;
in contemporary illuminated
manuscripts,
231, 239,247;
desert wandering,
123;
at Dura Europos,
109;
eschatological,
64,
95,96, 99,109-10,152;
Exodus and,
221
(see also
Exodus); Haggadah and,
223
(see also Haggadah);
in historical context,
108;
home life and,
159,
184;
iconography and,
7,106
(see also iconogra¬
phy); idolatry and,
91-95, 97, 99;
Jerusalem and,
210;
linear,
122-23;
martyrology and,
109-11;
midrashic,
137;
Muslims and,
138-39;
nostalgia
and,
119,144, 231;
Persian,
111,114-21,136-39,140,
143,144,153-57;
Qur'an,
136;
rabbinic commen¬
taries and,
23,152;
Seder and,
149
(see also Seder);
Sepharad and, 105-n; sequential,
11, 99,107-9,
122,127-29,132,134;
vernacular texts and,
108-9
national style: in Ashkenaz,
77, 82, 84, 85;
Bible
and,
85, 87;
Christians and,
77, 82, 84-85, 87;
described as "apartheid culture,"
80, 82;
folk
style and,
82,83;
Haggadah and,
77,
7c,
80, 82;
heterogeneity and,
83;
identity and,
77-87;
illuminators and,
80;
Middle Ages and,
84;
Moresque style and,
79,85, 87;
ownership of,
84-85;
Renaissance and,
160;
scribes and,
80;
syncretistic features and,
87;
tradition and,
83
Nazis,
2, 72, 83
Nimrod,
134-35
Noah,
6,7,130-31,132-35
North Africa. See 'Arav
Numbers,
12,24, 31,52,73,136-37, 210,250
'Og,
136
Old Yishuv,Jerusalem,
213
Omer (period between Passover and Shavu'ot)
,
216-18
Oppenheimer,
David,
83
Orthodox Jews,
190, 229
paleography,
31-32
paper,
5,30,40,116,
up,
229, 247, 256
papercut technique,
62,
iç6,
200, 243, 245
Paradise,
48, 66,67,95
Parashat Shelakh,
12
parchment: cowskin,
30;
durability of,
40;
fragility
of,
256;
gesso and,
4¡;
goatskin,
30;
ink ingredi¬
ents and,
41;
Jewish law and,
21;
oxidation on,
33;
paper and,
5, 30,40,116,
up,
229,247,256;
prepa¬
ration of,
29;
sheepskin,
29;
use in book materi¬
als,
5, 21, 29-30, 33,40,41,166-67, 229, 240, 247,
24c,
253,
25c; use in contemporary illuminated
manuscripts and,
229, 240, 247,240, 253
Passover: in Ashkenaz,
59;
bitter herbs and,
128;
ceremonial requirements of,
233;
End of Time
and,
125;
Erez Yisrael
and,
54;
Exodus and,
97;
Haggadah and,
23
(see also Haggadah); home
life and,
159;
iconography and,
123-28,132-33;
leaven and, ¡p,
123,128, 234;
mazot and,
123,159;
Middle Ages and,
125;
as mirror,
54;
plates of,
206;
redemption and,
123-25,127;
roast lamb
and,
126;
Seder and,
54,55, 68,
7c,
126-27, '49.
166,
1Ô7,
181,189, 221-23,
2%
233;
Sinai and,
124,
125-27;
slavery and,
222-23
patrons; aesthetics and,
3,39;
in Ashkenaz, 6j,
65,
68;
commissions of,
3-5, 23,39, 83, 90-91,102,
110,115-16,148,153,157,
1Ć6-68,
175,178,186,193,
215,218-19, 223, 225,233, 239,241, 245, 253;
of
contemporary illuminated manuscripts,
233,
239, 241,243, 245, 249, 253;
Court Jews as,
215,
218-21, 223, 225;
depictions of home life and,
166,175,179,181,183,186,191;
elitism and,
225;
iconography and,
29,37-39,108-11,116,121-23,
125,139,147-49,
J53>
157;
idealization of home
life and,
175;
idolatry and,
90-95, 99-100,102,
104;
illuminated manuscripts and,
3-5, 23, 39, S3,
90-91,102,110,115-16,148,153,157,166-68,175,
178,186,193,215, 218-19,
223. 22% illuminators
and,
29,35-36,38-39;
illustrators and,
5;
legacy
of,
37;
models and,
10;
motives of,
8;
national
style and,
77, 82,84, 85;
sharing of books by,
91;
vernacular literature and,
^0;
women as,
90
Pentateuchs,
92,
i¡y,
Five Scrolls and,
12;
idolatry
and,
1)6;
illuminated,
93;
Moses and,
11,113;
in
synagogues,
21
Pentateuchs, specific; Duke of Sussex,
35,51,52-53;
Regensberg, 64,
Í5,
206
People of the Book,
2
persecution,
19;
in Ashkenaz,
63;
Black Plague and,
76;
Byzantine rule and,
73;
Haman and,
12,119,
139,
ЧЗ-44.
22°; home life and,
182;
iconogra¬
phy and,
108,110,115,121,144,150;
in Italy,
56-57;
of Jews by Almohads,
74;
by the Nazis,
2, 72, 83;
in Sepharad,
73, 76;
slavery and,
149-51, 222-24
Persia,
5, 8,30:
Ahashverosh and,
12, 95,96,118-19,
121,139,240,156,173,151, 215, 237;
Avicenna and,
25;
contemporary illuminated manuscripts
and,
239, 243,252, 253;
cultural negotiation and,
153-57;
Cyrus's liberation and,
156;
Esther and,
156-57
(see also Esther); Haman and,
12,119,139,
143-44, 220;
iconography and,
111,114-21,136-
39,140,143,144,153-57;
idolatry and,
97;
manu¬
scripts on home life in,
181;
narrative and,
111,
114-21,136-39,140,143,144,153-57;
poetry and,
117,118-19, ¡21,136-39,140,143,156-57;
Safavid
emperors and,
77,114-15,
J54,
155;
Sepharad and,
274
INDEX
73,77;
Shahin and,
117,118-19,121,136-39,140,
143,156-57
Pevsner, Nicholas,
83
Pharaoh,
79, 99,101,
no,
134,135,149-50,217, 218,
222-24
philosophy,
3;
Aristotle and,
25;
iconography
and,
111;
illuminated manuscripts and,
21, 23,
25-26;
kabbalism and,
21
(see also kabbalism);
Maimonides and,
25;
Neoplatonism
and,
25;
Plato and,
51;
Sepharad and,
74, 76;
spiritual
realms and,
193-202
phylacteries {tefillin),
139,197,246
Pietism,
4, 26,99,104
pigments,
33, 35,40,44,45, 234
Pinhas,
137
Plague of the Firstborn,
106,123,135
Plato,
51
Pludwinski, Yitzhak (Izzy),
246-47
poetry,
3, 21, 90,102,115,123;
Martial and,
1;
in
Ashkenaz,
64, 66;
home life and,
161,167, ¡68,
187;
Keter Malkhut,
25, 193;
Persian,
111,115,117,
118-19,
121'
'36-39,
Ц0,
143,156-57;
in Sepharad,
74;
Shahin and,
117,118,121,136-39,140,143,
156-57;
for Yom Kippur,
109
Portugal,
76-77
Prague,
66-68,71
prayer books,
4;
High Holiday,
21, 55,91
(¡ее
also
mahzorim); idolatry and,
90-91;
illuminated
manuscripts of,
21-23, 90-91,166-67, 216, 218,
227,250;
mahzorim,
11,22,23,2% 32-33,38,61,64,
So,
91,93, 95,97,102-3,
104> 112>
46,
Щ-94,
2OX'
202,250;
siddurim,
22, 23,79,91,112,165,166,
18s,
195;
as status objects,
90;
women and,
166, ¡¿7,
216, 227
Priestly Garments,
51
printing; aesthetics and,
216;
in Ashkenaz,
66-67,
206, 208;
Court Jews and,
215-28;
during the
Middle Ages,
215;
in Italy,
216;
novelty of,
216;
status objects and,
218-19;
women and,
159
prophets,
8,113,136,200.
See also specific individual
Psalms,
2,9,30,57, 67,
So,
82, 90,104,155,173,197,
206, 208,210, 249
Psalters,
80, 90-91, ¡05
punctuators,
35,95
Purim (Feast of Esther),
23, 57, ¡8, 226-28
Purity of Blood,
76
quills,
33,40
quires,
31
Qur'an,
73,75,117-19,136,156
rabbis: in Ashkenaz,
64, 66,71;
authorship and,
5;
centrality of Jerusalem for,
48;
commentaries
of,
21,23, 186,243;
contemporary illuminated
manuscripts and,
227, 241, 243,24p, 253;
Erez
Yisrael and,
47-48;
Five Rabbis and,3,
175,179;
home life and,
159,165,168-69,175,178,179,186,
189;
iconography and,
107-9,115,121-23,127-28,
134;
idolatry and,
92-95,99,101,103-4;
as
interpreters,
47;
in Italy,
56;
Jerusalem and,
206;
rabbinic texts and,
21, 23,186,243;
Sepharad
and,
73,76;
spiritual realms and,
195;
Talmud
and,
16,21, 56, 63, 75, 92,105,109,
in,
139,144,168,
182,183,199, 211;
tradition and,
47,121,123,128.
See also specific individual
Randall, Lillian,
182
Rebecca,
159-60
redemption,
64;
Exodus and,
54;
Garden of Eden
and,
49;
Haggadah and,
104;
iconography and,
109-10,132,152-53,187;
Jerusalem and,
234;
Passover and,
123,124,125,127;
Red Sea and,
49;
spiritual realms and,
201;
tradition and,
49-50;
women and,
49
Red Sea,
49-50,73,91,99,107,108
reed pens,
31,33,40,
Ш
Renaissance,
11;
in Ashkenaz,
72;
home life and,
160,165,175,186-87;
iconography during,
145;
illuminated manuscripts in,
40, 231,234, 237,
239, 249;
in Italy,
57,59, 61,145,160;
Jerusalem
and,
206-8;
spiritual realms and,
202
riddles,
167,
1Ć8
Righteous in Paradise,
95
rituals: circumcision and,
57,64,65,147,159-60,
189,191,226,227;
Distinguished Guest,
199,200;
Four Questions,
231;
grain offerings and,
166;
Hanukkah,
160-61;
home life and,
159,166-67,
173,175,189-90, 218;
iconography of,
109,
125-27,146;
idolatry and,
91, 99;
mikveh (ritual
bath),
63,66,159,166-67,190;
minhag and,
64, 225-28;
Passover,
231
(see also Passover);
readings and,
21, 23, 231;
spiritual realms and,
199, 201;
Temple,
205-6;
Torah and,
21;
women
and,
159,166,173,189, 227-28;
Yom Kippur,
22,
25,31,109
ben R.
Moshe,
R.
Yosef,
93, 95
Rosh Hashanah (New Year),
123, 226-28
di
Rossi,
Salomone,
61
Rothschild Miscellany,
31,161-62,16$, 175,178,181
Ruth,
95,97,138, 240-41
Sabar, Shalom,
159-74, 205—13, 267
Sabbath,
21,102,159,166,199,202, 226-28, 253
Safavid emperors,
77,114-15,154,155
Sahula, Isaac ben Solomon
Avi,
27
saints,
8,64,215
Samson,
67,90
Samuel,
138,173
Sarah,
65,123,134-35,159
Sarajevo Haggadah,
8,77,
7c,
80,150,160
Scheindlin, Raymond P.,
72-77,111,268
Schocken
Bible,
92, 234
scribes,
226;
in Ashkenaz,
65;
colophons of,
5,29,
35-37,73, 91,166;
contemporary,
229, 234, 237,
245-46, 249;
female rituals and,
227-28;
home
life and,
159,166;
iconography and,
153;
idola¬
try and,
90,92;
illuminated manuscripts and,
29-30, 33, 35-36,38-40;
Massoretic,
29,35-36,
73-74,75,85,87,95,96,113,187;
national style and,
80;
Sepharad and,
73;
women as,
37-38
Scuola
Grande
Tedesca,
71
Seder: Four Questions at,
231;
Passover and,
54,55,
68,79,126-27,149,166, «17,181,189, 221-23,
23!>
233;
roast lamb at,
126
Seder
Birkát ha-Mazon,
166
Sejer Ha'Arukh (ben Yehiel),
37
Sefer HaKabbalah (The Book of Tradition) (ibn
Daud),
56
Sefer Hasidim (The Book of the Pious) (he-Hasid).
26
Sefer Yezirah (The Book of Formation),
25
Sefirot (Divine attributes),
201
Sendak, Maurice,
16
Sepharad,
48,56;
Almohads and,
74;
'Arav and,
72-77;
Ashkenaz and,
67-68;
Bible and,
73-76.
127-36, 206;
Black Plague and,
76;
Bunting
map and,
47;
Castile and,
29,74,79,87,187;
Catalonia and,
75-76;
Christians and,
73-76,
225;
conversos
and,
76;
Córdoba
and,
74, 87;
cursive script in,
33;
dhimmis in,
73;
diaspora
and,
72-77,246;
education and,
74;
Ferdinand
and,
76;
Granada and,
76, 87;
Haggadah and,
75,185;
home life and,
181;
iconography and,
105-u; Inquisition and,
76;
intellectual life
anii
74-75;
Isabella and,
76;
Italy and,
56-57,59,
61, 74;
Mudejar
style and,
74-75;
persecution
in,
73,76;
Persia and,
73,77;
philosophy and,
74,76;
political deterioration of,
76;
Portugal
and,
76-77;
prosperity in,
72-73;
rabbis in,
73,
76;
reed pen and,
31-32;
square script and,
32;
Tabernacle and,
51;
Toledo and,
74,75,115;
traci:
tion
and,
75-76
Shahin,
117,118-19,
mi,
136-39,140,143,156-57
Shahn, Ben,
54, 239
Shavu'ot Festival,
64
Shehehiyanu blessing,
234
Shekinah (Divine Presence),
199,201
Sheshet, Jacob ben,
26
Shiru,
157
shivitis (plaques indicating the direction of
prayer),
196,197
ben Shmuel, Shlomo,
93, 95
ben Shmuel, Ya'akov,
95
Shu'lah,
118
Siddurim (prayerbooks),
22,23,79,91,112,165,166,
18},
щ
Sihon, 13c
silver,
2,5,12,14,33, 35,40, 206,218, 223, 241
ben Simeon, Joel Feibush,
4,67
Sinai,
11,64,97,123-27,185,210
slavery,
149-51, 222-24
Solomon,
48, 208, 213
Song of Songs,
188,
щ,
240, 243
Sotheby's
Judaica
Department,
1
Spain. See Sepharad
INDEX
2 75
spiritual
realms: astrology and,
цу,
199,202;
Christians and,
195, 202;
concentric circles and,
201-2;
demons and,
197;
Divine Realm and,
26,195,199;
effacement
and,
202;
Gateway of
the Heavens and,
193, 194;
gilgul and,
201;
God
and,
193,195,197,199, 201-2;
kabbalism and,
21,
26-27,75,148,193,195,199, 201-2;
Keter Malkut
(ibn
Gabiről)
and,
193;
in Middle Ages,
199,
202;
in mysticism,
193-203;
philosophy and,
193-202;
rabbis and,
195;
Renaissance and,
202;
rituals and,
199,
20); Sefirot and,
201;
shivitis
and,
196,197;
Sukkah and,
199-201;
synagogues
and,
195,197, 202;
talismans and,
197;
time
and,
199-200;
tradition and,
193,195,199, 202;
Ushpizin (Distinguished Guest),
199,200;
Wheel
of Fortune and,
202;
YHWH and,
195;
zodiac
and,
108,201,202,208;
Zohar and,
26,199
square script, p,
33,36
Srolovitz, Batya G. W,,
245-47
stained glass,
75, 92
standard iconography,
7-10,149
sukkah (hut for the Festival of
Sukkot,
Tabernacles),
55,199-201,243
Sukkot
Festival,
205,221-22, 226
synagogues: Aaron and,
151;
Ansbach,
71;
architec¬
ture of,
61,195;
Ashkenazic,
63,71-72;
'Avodah
in,
109;
and battle with Amalek,
228;
Bibles in,
21;
contemporary illuminated manuscripts
in,
227,228,250;
cultural negotiation and,
146,
151-52;
education at, jp,
21-23;
Gothic style and,
195;
Great Suburban Synagogue and,
71;
hazzan
(cantor) and,
23, 91;
home life and,
167;
iconog¬
raphy and,
109,146,151-52, 205-6;
idolatry and,
92,
io};
in Italy,
61;
Joseph as symbol of,
152;
looting of,
24p;
martyrs and,
102,109-11;
Middle
Ages and,
146;
militant,
152;
in Poland,
71-72;
reading platforms and,
63;
spiritual realms and,
195,197, 202;
women and,
227;
Worms Mahzor
and,
91
Szyk,
Arthur,
230, 231-32
üibemade:
in Bible,
51, 206;
cherubs and,
101;
curtain of,
51,101,102,
gold implements of,
51,
zoo; guarding of,
64;
Holy of Holies and,
101;
kosher animals and,
132;
and Presence of God,
50,52;
Priestly Garments and,
51;
schematic of,
75;
Sepharad and,
51;
and Tablets of the Law,
73;
Temple and,
51;
vessels of,
73, 206
Tablets of the Law,
73
talismans,
197
Talmud: in Ashkenaz,
75;
BTMegillah,
139;
ВТ
Shabbat,
166-67;
burning of,
105-ć,
146;
com¬
mentaries on,
16, 56,18);
cultural parallelism
and,
63;
iconography and,
109,
ш,
139,144;
idolatry and,
92;
in Italy,
56;
ketubah and,
168;
legal importance of,
21;
in the Middle Ages,
182;
pilgrimages and,
211;
spiritual realms
and,
1
targums (Aramaic bible translations), ft,
¡1-5}, 96
Tashlikh (ritual casting-off of sins),
228
ben Temah, Judah, ip
Temples (Jerusalem): in contemporary illumi¬
nated manuscripts,
234;
cult of,
205;
Cyrus's
liberation and,
156;
destruction of,
52-53,56,
111,115,125, 205;
Dome of the Rock and,
208,
213, 245;
Erez Yisrael
and,
48, 50-54;
First,
51,
55,125;
grain offerings and,
167;
Herod's,
205,
208;
Holy of Holies in,
101, 205;
home life and,
167;
iconography of,
109,111,115,123-25,132,
139,156, 206, 208, 213;
idolatry and,
89,94,101;
menorah and,
51, 53,54, 94, 205;
Middle Ages
and,
206-8;
as permanent Tabernacle,
51;
rebuilding of,
205;
rituals in,
205-6;
Second,
56,125, 208;
Titus and,
55-56;
vessels of,
206;
Western Wall and,
213, 245,250;
Yom Kippur in,
109
Templům
Domini (Lord's Temple),
208
Ten Commandments,
77
Ten Plagues,
110-12
Tent of Meeting,
51,137
Teplow, Naomi,
243, 245
Thirty Years'War,
68
Tikkunei Shabbat,
166
Timurids,
114
Titus,
55-56
Torah: ritual reading and,
21;
Simhat,
226
Tower of Babel,
134
tradition: Arabic,
74;
in Ashkenaz,
55-59,72;
authorship and,
5;
blessings and,
38,54, 91,128,
137,166,
ιόγ,
215-16,
2i8,
234,236, 250;
cultural
parallelism and,
63-66;
Erez
Yisrael and,
47-48,50;
home life and,
168-69,182-86,188,
190;
huppah and,
160;
iconography and,
7,
10-11,106-7,
ni,
116,118-23,125,127-28,136,148,
151,155-56;
idolatry and,
90,102;
illuminated
manuscripts and,
23, 27,33,43,227-29,231-34,
237, 239, 241, 243,246-50, 253;
Jerusalem and,
206, 208, 210-11,213, 215;
ketubot and,
61,169,
171, 208, 216, 218,229, 240-41, 243, 245-47, 256;
learning and,
4;
love of books and,
2;
marriage
and,
4, 61,77,167-69,173,
2O2> 2o8>
210,
2li>,
241;
in the Middle East and,
74-75;
minhag and,
64,
225-28;
national style and,
83;
rabbinic,
47,121,
123,128;
redemption and,
49-50;
rituals and,
231
(see also rituals); Sepharad and,
75-76;
spiritual
realms and,
193,195,199, 202;
Western culture
and,
27
très riches heures du Duc de
Berry,
Les
(illuminated
manuscript),
179
Turkoman art,
114
Ushpizin, (Distinguished Guest ritual)
199,200
uterine vellum,
30,^1
vellum,
30,
p,
116,18}
Vető, Ágnes,
188-91, 268
Vick,
Susan,
229-53,
2^8
visual metonyms,
184-86
vocalizers,
35,38
vowel signs,
35
Waldman, JT,
240, 241
Weinstein,
Jay,
1
Western Wall,
213, 245,250
Wheel of Fortune,
202
Where the Wild Things Are (Sendak),
16
Winn-Lederer,
Ilene,
89, 250
Wolff, Barbara,
35,40-45, 247-49,253, 268
Wolfthal,
Diane,
225-28, 268
women: bathing,
167;
breasts of,
160,161,188-90;
conservative impulse and,
218;
Court Jews and,
72, 215-21, 223;
devotional books for,
21;
edu¬
cation and,
37-38,
tsç,
240;
emulative impulse
and,
218;
feminism and,
84,191, 229, 239-40,
253;
German script and,
166;
grain offerings
and,
166;
Hanukkah and,
160-61;
heroines,
173
[see also specific woman); home life and,
159-67,
173,175,181, 191;
idolatry and,
95,97,104;
in Italy,
160-62;
ketubot and,
61,62,68,71,167-73,208,
210, 216, 218,229, 240-41,243, 245-47,256;
as
kosher slaughterers,
162,164,16;;
marriage
and,
4, 61,77,167-69,173, 202, 208, 210, 216,
241;
martyrdom of, tar, matriarchs,
159,200;
menstruation and,
189-91;
nudity of,
188-91;
Passover and,
126;
as patrons,
90;
prayer
books and,
166,167, 216, 227;
printing and,
159;
redemption and,
49;
rituals and,
227-28;
as
scribes,
37-38;
sexuality and,
189-91;
silence
of,
84;
synagogues and,
227;
Tashlikh and,
228;
yeshivot and,
165
World War 1,
72
World War II,
72, 83,231
World Zionist Organization,
77
Worms,
), 26,66, 91
Würzburg, 66, 93-95
Yair,
136
Yakur, Esther,
173
ben Yehiel, Nathan,
37
yeshivah (institution of Jewish learning),
165
Yiddish,
3,5, 89,91,225-28
Yihus Ha'Avot (The Lineage of the Patriarchs),
211
Yizhaki, Shlomo (RaSHI),
92-94,152,182, 210
Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement),
22,25,32,109
Yusufdnd Zulaykha
(Jami),
118
Zekhariah,
206
Zimri,
137
Zion,
48,53,173, 210
Zipporah,
151,153,160,161
Ziz (monstrous bird),
95,96
zodiac,
198, 201,202, 208
Zohar,
26,199
Zulaykha,
118
SKIES OF PARCHMENT | SEAS OF INK
Jewish Illuminated Manuscripts
EDITED BY MARC MICHAEL EPSTEIN
With contributions by
Eva Frojmovic, Jenna Siman Jacobs, Hartley Lachter, Shalom Sabar, Raymond P. Scheindlin,
Agnes Veto, Susan Vick, Barbara Wolff, and Diane Wolfthal
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VII
1 introduction: for the love of BOOKS 1
Marc Michael Epstein
2 PEOPLE OF THE BOOK/BOOKS OF THE PEOPLE: ILLUMINATING THE CANON 19
Hartley Lachter with Marc Michael Epstein
3 PARCHMENTS AND PALIMPSESTS: SCRIBE, ILLUMINATOR, PATRON, AUDIENCE 29
Marc Michael Epstein
focus: the illuminated page: materials, methods, and techniques
Barbara Wolff 40
4 MAPPING THE TERRITORY: ’ARB'AH KANFOT HA’AREZ—THE FOUR CORNERS OF THE
MEDIEVAL JEWISH WORLD 47
EREZ YISRAEL/THE LAND OF ISRAEL: HOMELAND AND CENTER
Marc Michael Epstein 47
italia/italy: THE FIRST WESTERN DIASPORA
Marc Michael Epstein 55
ASHKENAZ: FRANCO-GERMANY, ENGLAND, CENTRAL AND EAST EUROPE
Eva Frojmovic with Marc Michael Epstein 63
SEPHARAD AND ARAV: SPAIN AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Raymond P. Scheindlin with Marc Michael Epstein 72
THE PROBLEM OF “NATIONAL STYLE”
Eva Frojmovic with Marc Michael Epstein 77
3 NO GRAVEN IMAGE: PERMITTED DEPICTIONS, FORBIDDEN DEPICTIONS, AND
CREATIVE SOLUTIONS 89
Eva Frojmovic and Marc Michael Epstein
FOCUS: EXPLORING THE MYSTERY OF THE BIRDS’ HEAD HAGGADAH
Marc Michael Epstein 97
6 iconography: telling the story 103
Marc Michael Epstein
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTINCTIONS 105
APPROACHES TO THE BIBLICAL NARRATIVE 122
VI
CONTENTS
7 DIALOGUE AND DISPUTATION: CULTURAL NEGOTIATION 145
Marc Michael Epstein
UNDER EDOM 145
UNDER ISHMAEL 153
8 THIS WORLD! CENTERED ON THE HOME—WOMEN, MARRIAGE, AND
THE FAMILY 159
Shalom Sabar
focus: “glimpses of Jewish life”: reality or illusion?
Marc Michael Epstein 175
focus: “incidental details”: margins and meaning
Marc Michael Epstein 182
focus: “sacred and profane”: naked ladies in the HAGGADAH?
Agnes Veto 188
9 OTHER worlds: fantastic horizons and unseen universes 193
Hartley Lachter with Marc Michael Epstein
IO ZION AND JERUSALEM: “THE SUM OF ALL BEAUTY, THE JOY OF ALL
THE EARTH” 205
Shalom Sabar
IX IN THE ROYAL COURT: JEWISH ILLUMINATION IN AN AGE OF PRINTING 215
Marc Michael Epstein
FOCUS: AYIDDISH MINHAGIM MANUSCRIPT 225
Diane Wolfthal
12 ILLUMINATING THE PRESENT: CONTEMPORARY JEWISH ILLUMINATION 229
Susan Vick with Marc Michael Epstein
13 CONTINUING THE JOURNEY: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND MANUSCRIPT
DESCRIPTIONS 253
Jenna Simon Jacobs with Marc Michael Epstein
MANUSCRIPTS AND FACSIMILES 255
SURVEYS 261
COLLECTION SURVEYS AND EXHIBITION CATALOGUES 263
STUDIES 265
CONTRIBUTOR BIOGRAPHIES 267
INDEX 269
PHOTO CREDITS 276 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)152719385 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023230258 |
| classification_rvk | AM 54700 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)635220319 (DE-599)BVBBV023230258 |
| discipline | Allgemeines |
| discipline_str_mv | Allgemeines |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023230258 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:19:35Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:13:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780691165240 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016415991 |
| oclc_num | 635220319 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-Y3 DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-255 DE-188 DE-Y2 DE-20 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-Y3 DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-255 DE-188 DE-Y2 DE-20 |
| physical | X, 276 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Princeton University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Skies of parchment, seas of ink Jewish illuminated manuscripts edited by Marc Michael Epstein. With contributions by Eva Frojmovic ... Princeton and Oxford Princeton University Press 2015 X, 276 S. zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Illuminierte Handschrift (DE-588)4120472-4 gnd rswk-swf Jüdische Kunst (DE-588)4340521-6 gnd rswk-swf Hebräisch (DE-588)4023922-6 gnd rswk-swf Buchmalerei (DE-588)4008650-1 gnd rswk-swf Jüdische Kunst (DE-588)4340521-6 s Buchmalerei (DE-588)4008650-1 s DE-604 Illuminierte Handschrift (DE-588)4120472-4 s Hebräisch (DE-588)4023922-6 s Epstein, Marc Michael 1964- Sonstige (DE-588)152719385 oth Frojmovic, Eva Sonstige oth HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016415991&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016415991&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register KUBIKAT Anreicherung application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016415991&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Skies of parchment, seas of ink Jewish illuminated manuscripts Illuminierte Handschrift (DE-588)4120472-4 gnd Jüdische Kunst (DE-588)4340521-6 gnd Hebräisch (DE-588)4023922-6 gnd Buchmalerei (DE-588)4008650-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4120472-4 (DE-588)4340521-6 (DE-588)4023922-6 (DE-588)4008650-1 |
| title | Skies of parchment, seas of ink Jewish illuminated manuscripts |
| title_auth | Skies of parchment, seas of ink Jewish illuminated manuscripts |
| title_exact_search | Skies of parchment, seas of ink Jewish illuminated manuscripts |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Skies of parchment, seas of ink Jewish illuminated manuscripts |
| title_full | Skies of parchment, seas of ink Jewish illuminated manuscripts edited by Marc Michael Epstein. With contributions by Eva Frojmovic ... |
| title_fullStr | Skies of parchment, seas of ink Jewish illuminated manuscripts edited by Marc Michael Epstein. With contributions by Eva Frojmovic ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Skies of parchment, seas of ink Jewish illuminated manuscripts edited by Marc Michael Epstein. With contributions by Eva Frojmovic ... |
| title_short | Skies of parchment, seas of ink |
| title_sort | skies of parchment seas of ink jewish illuminated manuscripts |
| title_sub | Jewish illuminated manuscripts |
| topic | Illuminierte Handschrift (DE-588)4120472-4 gnd Jüdische Kunst (DE-588)4340521-6 gnd Hebräisch (DE-588)4023922-6 gnd Buchmalerei (DE-588)4008650-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Illuminierte Handschrift Jüdische Kunst Hebräisch Buchmalerei |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016415991&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016415991&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016415991&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT epsteinmarcmichael skiesofparchmentseasofinkjewishilluminatedmanuscripts AT frojmoviceva skiesofparchmentseasofinkjewishilluminatedmanuscripts |
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