Verfügbarkeit: Sensing with ion channels

Sensing with ion channels:

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2008
Schriftenreihe:	Springer Series in Biophysics 11
Schlagworte:	Ion Channels > physiology Ion channels Mechanoreceptors Mechanoreceptors > physiology Mechanotransduction, Cellular > physiology Signaltransduktion Ionenkanal Aufsatzsammlung
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XXIII, 304 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9783540726838 3540726837

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245	1	0	\|a Sensing with ion channels \|c Boris Martinac ed.
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650		4	\|a Ion Channels \|x physiology
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Contents Contributors ................................................. xv List of Abbreviations .......................................... xix 1 Microbial Senses and Ion Channels ........................... 1 Ching Kung, Xin-Liang Zhou, Zhen-Wei Su, W. John Haynes, Sephan H. Loukin, and Yoshiro Saimi 1.1 The Microbial World .................................... 2 1.1.1 Microbial Dominance ............................. 2 1.1.2 Molecular Mechanisms Invented and Conserved in Microbes ..................................... 3 1.2 Microbial Senses ....................................... 5 1.3 Microbial Channels ..................................... 6 1.3.1 The Study of Microbial Ion Channels ................. 6 1.3.2 The Lack of Functional Understanding of Microbial Channels ............................. 7 1.4 Prokaryotic Mechanosensitive Channels ..................... 8 1.5 Mechanosensitive Channels of Unicellular Eukaryotes ......... 9 1.5.1 A Brief History of TRP Channel Studies .............. 9 1.5.2 Mechanosensitivity of TRP Channels ................. 10 1.5.3 Distribution of TRPs and their Unknown Oiigins ........ 11 1.5.4 TRP Channel of Budding Yeast ...................... 13 1.5.5 Other Fungal TRP Homologs ....................... 16 1.5.6 The Submolecular Basis of TRP Mechanosensitivity - a Crucial Question ................................ 16 1.6 Conclusion ............................................ 18 References ................................................. 19 2 Mechanosensitive Channels and Sensing Osmotic Stimuli in Bacteria ......................................... 25 Paul Blount, Irene Iscla, and Yuezhou Li 2.1 Osmotic Regulation of Bacteria ............................ 26 2.1.1 Maintaining Cell Turgor with Compatible Solutes ....... 27 viu Contents 2.1.2 Measuring Mechanosensitive Channel Activities in Native Membranes .............................. 28 2.1.3 Getting Solutes Out of the Cytoplasm: Cell Wall, Turgor and Elasticity .............................. 30 2.2 MscL ................................................ 31 2.3 MscS ................................................. 34 2.4 How Do Bacterial Mechanosensitive Channels Sense Osmolarity? ...................................... 38 2.5 Perspective: Other Mechanosensitive Channels from Bacteria and Other Organisms ........................ 40 References ................................................. 41 3 Roles of Ion Channels in the Environmental Responses of Plants .................................................. 47 Takuya Fumichi, Tomonori Kawano, Hitoshi Tatsumi, and Masahiro Sokabe 3.1 Introduction ........................................... 48 3.2 Long-Distance Signal Translocation in Plants ................. 49 3.3 Calcium-Permeable Channels in Plants ...................... 53 3.3.1 Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channel .............. 53 3.3.2 Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor ...................... 56 3.3.3 Voltage-Dependent Ca2+-Permeable Channels ........... 57 3.3.4 Plant Two Pore Channel 1.......................... 58 3.3.5 Mechanosensitive Nonselective Cation Channel ......... 60 3.4 Conclusions ........................................... 62 References ................................................. 62 4 Ion Channels, Cell Volume, Cell Proliferation and Apoptotic Cell Death ................................................ 69 Florian Lang, Erich Gulbins, Ildikó Szabó, Alexey Vereninov, and Stephan M. Huber 4.1 Introduction ......................................... 70 4.2 Cell Volume Regulatory Ion Transport .................... 70 4.3 Stimulation of ICRAC During Cell Proliferation .............. 71 4.4 Inhibition of ICRAC During CTWS-Induced Lymphocyte Death .. 72 4.5 Activation of Ca2+ Entry in Apoptosis and Eryptosis ......... 72 4.6 Activation of K+ Channels in Cell Proliferation ............. 73 4.7 Inhibition of K+ Channels in Apoptosis ................... 73 4.8 Stimulation of K+ Channels in Apoptosis .................. 74 4.9 Activation of Anion Channels in Cell Proliferation .......... 74 4.10 Activation of Anion and Osmolyte Channels in Apoptosis .... 75 4.11 Conclusions ......................................... 76 References ................................................ 77 Contents ix 5 TRPV Ion Channels and Sensory Transduction of Osmotic and Mechanical Stimuli in Mammals .......................... 85 Wolfgang Liedtke 5.1 Introduction: Response to Osmotic and Mechanical Stimuli - a Function of TRPV Ion Channels Apparent Since the Birth of this Subfamily ................................. 86 5.2 In Vivo Findings Implicate Products of the trpvl Gene in Osmo-Mechano Transduction ........................... 87 5.3 Tissue Culture Cell Data Implicate TRPV2 in Osmo-Mechanotransduction .............................. 89 5.4 In Vivo Mouse- and Tissue Culture-Data Implicate the trpv4 Gene in Osmo-Mechanotransduction, Including Hydromineral Homeostasis and Pain ........................ 89 5.5 Recent Developments in Regards to trpv4 Function: Regulation of TRPV4 Channels by N-glycosylation, Critical Role of TRPV4 in Cellular Volume Regulation and in Lung Injury ...................... 91 5.6 Mammalian TRPV4 Directs Osmotic Avoidance Behavior in C. elegans ........................................... 93 5.6.1 Cloning of the C. elegans Gene osm-9 - the Other Founding Member of the trpv Gene Family ............ 93 5.6.2 TRPV4 Expression in ASH Rescues osm-9 Mechanical and Osmotic Deficits .............................. 93 5.6.3 Proposed TRPV4 Transduction Mechanism in osm-9 ash::trpv4 Worms ........................... 95 5.7 Outlook for Future Research on TRPV Channels .............. 96 References ................................................. 97 6 Mechanisms of Thermosensation in TRP Channels .............. 101 Karel Talavera, Thomas Voets, and Bernd Nilius 6.1 Introduction ........................................... 102 6.2 A Short Description of the TRP Channel Superfamily .......... 102 6.3 Mechanisms of Thermosensitivity in ThermoTRPs ............ 104 6.3.1 Some Theoretical Basics of Ion Channel Thermodynamics ................................. 104 6.3.2 Thermodynamics of Channel Gating in the Presence of an External Field: Voltage-Gated Channels .......... 107 6.3.3 The Principle of Temperature-Dependent Gating in TRPV1 and TRPM8 ............................... 108 6.3.4 Heat-Induced Activation of TRPM4 and TRPM5: Sweet Confirmation of the Principle .................. 113 6.4 Most ThermoTRPs are Little Understood .................... 114 6.4.1 ThermoTRPVs are Still Hot ........................ 114 x Contents 6.4.2 TRPAl Channels: Close Cousins with Different Thermosensation ................................. 116 6.4.3 Last, But Not Least: TRPM2 ........................ 116 6.5 Concluding Remarks .................................... 117 References ................................................. 117 7 TRPC Family of Ion Channels and Mechanotransduction ........ 121 Owen P. Hamill and Rosario Maroto 7.1 Introduction ........................................... 122 7.2 Distinguishing Direct from Indirect MS Mechanisms .......... 123 7.2.1 Stretch Activation of Channels in the Patch ............ 123 7.2.2 Osmotic Swelling and Cell Inflation .................. 123 7.2.3 Gating Kinetics .................................. 124 7.2.4 The Use of MS Enzyme Inhibitors ................... 125 7.2.5 Reconstitution of MS Channel Activity in Liposomes .... 125 7.3 Extrinsic Regulation of Stretch Sensitivity ................... 126 7.4 Stretch Sensitivity and Functional MT ...................... 126 7.5 General Properties of TRPCs .............................. 127 7.5.1 TRPC Expression ................................. 127 7.5.2 TRPC Activation and Function: Mechanisms of SOC and ROC ................................. 128 7.5.3 TRPC-TRPC Interactions .......................... 129 7.5.4 TRPC Interactions with Scaffolding Proteins ........... 130 7.5.5 TRPC Single Channel Conductance .................. 131 7.5.6 TRPC Pharmacology .............................. 133 7.6 Evidence of Specific TRPC Mechanosensitivity ............... 133 7.6.1 TRPCÍ ......................................... 133 7.6.2 TRPC2 ......................................... 138 7.6.3 TRPC3 ......................................... 139 7.6.4 TRPC4 ......................................... 139 7.6.5 TRPC5 ......................................... 140 7.6.6 TRPC6 ......................................... 141 7.6.7 TRPC7 ......................................... 144 7.7 Conclusions ........................................... 145 References ................................................. 147 8 Mediano- and Chemo-Sensory Polycystins ..................... 161 Amanda Patel, Patrick Delmas, and Eric Honoré 8.1 Introduction ............................................ 162 8.2 Role of the Heteromer PKD1/PKD2 in Mechanotransduction ..... 164 8.3 Role of the Heteromer PKD1L3/PKD2L1 in Chemoreception ......................................... 168 References .................................................. 171 Contents xi 9 Biophysics of CNG Ion Channels ............................ 175 Peter H. Barry, Wei Qu, and Andrew J. Moorhouse 9.1 Introduction ........................................... 176 9.2 Physiological Function of Retinal and Olfactory CNG Channels. . 176 9.2.1 Visual Transduction ............................... 176 9.2.2 Olfactory Transduction ............................ 179 9.3 Subunit Composition of CNG Channels ..................... 180 9.4 Structure of the CNG Channel Pore ........................ 182 9.5 Activation of CNG Channels .............................. 183 9.6 Permeation and Selectivity of CNG Channels ................. 186 9.6.1 General Methodologies for Permeation Measurements ... 187 9.6.2 Permeation Parameters in Native and Recombinant CNG Channels ................................... 188 9.6.3 Structural Basis of Ion Permeation and Selectivity in Recombinant CNG Channels ........................ 194 9.7 Conclusion ............................................ 197 References ................................................ 197 10 Sensory Transduction in Caenorhabditis elegans ................ 201 Austin L. Brown, Daniel Ramot, and Miriam B. Goodman 10.1 Introduction .......................................... 202 10.1.1 C. elegans as a Simple Sensation-Action Machine ...... 202 10.1.2 The Senses of the Worm .......................... 203 10.1.3 Methods Used to Study Sensory Transduction Genes in C. elegans .............................. 205 10.1.4 Ion Channel Families That Sense in the Worm ......... 205 10.2 Mechanosensation and Mechanotransduction ................ 206 10.2.1 Somatosensation ................................ 206 10.2.2 Nose Touch .................................... 210 10.2.3 Proprioception .................................. 211 10.2.4 Male-Specific Mechanotransduction ................. 211 10.3 Thermotransduction .................................... 212 10.3.1 C. elegans Temperature-Guided Behaviors ............ 212 10.3.2 A Neural Circuit for Detecting and Processing Temperature .................................... 213 10.3.3 cGMP Signaling is Critical for AFD Thermotransduction .............................. 213 10.3.4 Subcellular Localization of the Transduction Apparatus ...................................... 214 10.3.5 Similarities to Vertebrate Vision .................... 215 10.4 Chemosensation and Cnemotransduction ................... 215 10.4.1 CNG Channels in Cnemotransduction ............... 215 10.4.2 TRP Channels in Chemotransduction ................ 216 10.4.3 Oxygen Sensing and Aerotaxis ..................... 216 xii Contents 10.5 Polymodal Channels and Nociception ..................... 217 10.6 Conclusion ........................................... 218 References ................................................ 218 11 Epithelial Sodium and Acid-Sensing Ion Channels .............. 225 Stephan Kellenberger 11.1 Introduction .......................................... 226 11.2 Overview of the ENaC/DEG Channel Family ............... 226 11.3 Localisation and Physiological Role ....................... 228 11.3.1 The Epithelial Na+ Channel ........................ 228 11.3.2 Acid-Sensing Ion Channels ........................ 230 11.4 Structural Aspects ..................................... 233 11.4.1 Primary Structure and Membrane Topology of Channel Subunits .............................. 233 11.4.2 Multimene Channels and Subunit Stoichiometry ....... 233 11.5 Ion Conduction and Channel Pore ......................... 235 11.5.1 Biophysical and Pharmacological Properties .......... 235 11.5.2 Structure-Function Relationship of the Ion Permeation Pathway ............................. 236 11.6 Channel Gating and Regulation ........................... 237 11.6.1 Channel Gating ................................. 237 11.6.2 Regulation of Channel Expression and Function ....... 238 11.6.3 Gating and Regulatory Domains .................... 240 11.7 Conclusions .......................................... 241 References ................................................ 242 12 P2X3 Receptors and Sensory Transduction .................... 247 Charles Kennedy 12.1 Introduction .......................................... 248 12.2 P2X Receptor Subtypes ................................. 248 12.2.1 Discovery of Subtypes ............................ 248 12.2.2 Homomeric P2X Receptors ........................ 249 12.2.3 Heteromeric P2X Receptors ....................... 251 12.3 P2X Receptors in Sensory Nerves ......................... 252 12.3.1 Sensory Nerves ................................. 253 12.3.2 P2X Receptor Expression in Sensory Nerves .......... 253 12.3.3 Functional Expression in Sensory Nerves ............. 254 12.4 Physiological Roles for Sensory P2X Receptors ............. 257 12.4.1 Filling of the Urinary Bladder ...................... 257 12.4.2 Sensing of Blood O, and CO, Levels ................ 258 12.5 ATP and P2X3 Receptors in Chronic Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain ................................. 258 Contents xijj 12.5.1 Down Regulation of P2X3 Receptors ................ 258 12.5.2 A-317491 - a P2X, Antagonist..................... 260 12.6 Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Pain ..................... 260 References ................................................ 263 13 Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Nociception ............... 267 Takahiro Yasuda and David J. Adams 13.1 Introduction .......................................... 268 13.2 Calcium Channel Structure, Gene Family and Subunit Composition ................................... 268 13.2.1 Gene Family of a, Subunits ....................... 270 13.2.2 Membrane Topology and Functional Motifs of oCj Subunits .................................. 271 13.2.3 Auxiliary β and α,δ Subunits ...................... 273 13.2.4 Regulation of Macroscopic Current Amplitude by Auxiliary Subunits ............................ 274 13.3 Physiological Roles of Calcium Channels in Neuronal Function ..................................... 276 13.4 N-Type Calcium Channel Diversity ....................... 277 13.4.1 N-Type Calcium Channel Splice Variants ............. 278 13.4.2 N-Type Calcium Channel Sensitivity to ω -Conotoxins ................................. 279 13.5 N-Type Calcium Channels in Nociception and Neuropathic Pain ...................................... 280 13.5.1 Electrophysiology and a Role for N-Type Calcium Channels in Sensory Neurons ............... 280 13.5.2 N-Type Calcium Channel Splice Variants in Sensory Neurons ................................ 282 13.5.3 Pathophysiological Role of N-Type Calcium Channels in Pain - Therapeutic Target for Neuropathic Pain ................................ 283 13.5.4 Endogenous Modulation of N-Type Calcium Channel-Mediated Nociception ............. 286 13.6 Conclusion ........................................... 287 References ................................................ 287 Index ................................................... 299
adam_txt	Contents Contributors . xv List of Abbreviations . xix 1 Microbial Senses and Ion Channels . 1 Ching Kung, Xin-Liang Zhou, Zhen-Wei Su, W. John Haynes, Sephan H. Loukin, and Yoshiro Saimi 1.1 The Microbial World . 2 1.1.1 Microbial Dominance . 2 1.1.2 Molecular Mechanisms Invented and Conserved in Microbes . 3 1.2 Microbial Senses . 5 1.3 Microbial Channels . 6 1.3.1 The Study of Microbial Ion Channels . 6 1.3.2 The Lack of Functional Understanding of Microbial Channels . 7 1.4 Prokaryotic Mechanosensitive Channels . 8 1.5 Mechanosensitive Channels of Unicellular Eukaryotes . 9 1.5.1 A Brief History of TRP Channel Studies . 9 1.5.2 Mechanosensitivity of TRP Channels . 10 1.5.3 Distribution of TRPs and their Unknown Oiigins . 11 1.5.4 TRP Channel of Budding Yeast . 13 1.5.5 Other Fungal TRP Homologs . 16 1.5.6 The Submolecular Basis of TRP Mechanosensitivity - a Crucial Question . 16 1.6 Conclusion . 18 References . 19 2 Mechanosensitive Channels and Sensing Osmotic Stimuli in Bacteria . 25 Paul Blount, Irene Iscla, and Yuezhou Li 2.1 Osmotic Regulation of Bacteria . 26 2.1.1 Maintaining Cell Turgor with Compatible Solutes . 27 viu Contents 2.1.2 Measuring Mechanosensitive Channel Activities in Native Membranes . 28 2.1.3 Getting Solutes Out of the Cytoplasm: Cell Wall, Turgor and Elasticity . 30 2.2 MscL . 31 2.3 MscS . 34 2.4 How Do Bacterial Mechanosensitive Channels Sense Osmolarity? . 38 2.5 Perspective: Other Mechanosensitive Channels from Bacteria and Other Organisms . 40 References . 41 3 Roles of Ion Channels in the Environmental Responses of Plants . 47 Takuya Fumichi, Tomonori Kawano, Hitoshi Tatsumi, and Masahiro Sokabe 3.1 Introduction . 48 3.2 Long-Distance Signal Translocation in Plants . 49 3.3 Calcium-Permeable Channels in Plants . 53 3.3.1 Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channel . 53 3.3.2 Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor . 56 3.3.3 Voltage-Dependent Ca2+-Permeable Channels . 57 3.3.4 Plant Two Pore Channel 1. 58 3.3.5 Mechanosensitive Nonselective Cation Channel . 60 3.4 Conclusions . 62 References . 62 4 Ion Channels, Cell Volume, Cell Proliferation and Apoptotic Cell Death . 69 Florian Lang, Erich Gulbins, Ildikó Szabó, Alexey Vereninov, and Stephan M. Huber 4.1 Introduction . 70 4.2 Cell Volume Regulatory Ion Transport . 70 4.3 Stimulation of ICRAC During Cell Proliferation . 71 4.4 Inhibition of ICRAC During CTWS-Induced Lymphocyte Death . 72 4.5 Activation of Ca2+ Entry in Apoptosis and Eryptosis . 72 4.6 Activation of K+ Channels in Cell Proliferation . 73 4.7 Inhibition of K+ Channels in Apoptosis . 73 4.8 Stimulation of K+ Channels in Apoptosis . 74 4.9 Activation of Anion Channels in Cell Proliferation . 74 4.10 Activation of Anion and Osmolyte Channels in Apoptosis . 75 4.11 Conclusions . 76 References . 77 Contents ix 5 TRPV Ion Channels and Sensory Transduction of Osmotic and Mechanical Stimuli in Mammals . 85 Wolfgang Liedtke 5.1 Introduction: Response to Osmotic and Mechanical Stimuli - a Function of TRPV Ion Channels Apparent Since the "Birth" of this Subfamily . 86 5.2 In Vivo Findings Implicate Products of the trpvl Gene in Osmo-Mechano Transduction . 87 5.3 Tissue Culture Cell Data Implicate TRPV2 in Osmo-Mechanotransduction . 89 5.4 In Vivo Mouse- and Tissue Culture-Data Implicate the trpv4 Gene in Osmo-Mechanotransduction, Including Hydromineral Homeostasis and Pain . 89 5.5 Recent Developments in Regards to trpv4 Function: Regulation of TRPV4 Channels by N-glycosylation, Critical Role of TRPV4 in Cellular Volume Regulation and in Lung Injury . 91 5.6 Mammalian TRPV4 Directs Osmotic Avoidance Behavior in C. elegans . 93 5.6.1 Cloning of the C. elegans Gene osm-9 - the Other Founding Member of the trpv Gene Family . 93 5.6.2 TRPV4 Expression in ASH Rescues osm-9 Mechanical and Osmotic Deficits . 93 5.6.3 Proposed TRPV4 Transduction Mechanism in osm-9 ash::trpv4 Worms . 95 5.7 Outlook for Future Research on TRPV Channels . 96 References . 97 6 Mechanisms of Thermosensation in TRP Channels . 101 Karel Talavera, Thomas Voets, and Bernd Nilius 6.1 Introduction . 102 6.2 A Short Description of the TRP Channel Superfamily . 102 6.3 Mechanisms of Thermosensitivity in ThermoTRPs . 104 6.3.1 Some Theoretical Basics of Ion Channel Thermodynamics . 104 6.3.2 Thermodynamics of Channel Gating in the Presence of an External Field: Voltage-Gated Channels . 107 6.3.3 The Principle of Temperature-Dependent Gating in TRPV1 and TRPM8 . 108 6.3.4 Heat-Induced Activation of TRPM4 and TRPM5: Sweet Confirmation of the Principle . 113 6.4 Most ThermoTRPs are Little Understood . 114 6.4.1 ThermoTRPVs are Still Hot . 114 x Contents 6.4.2 TRPAl Channels: Close Cousins with Different Thermosensation . 116 6.4.3 Last, But Not Least: TRPM2 . 116 6.5 Concluding Remarks . 117 References . 117 7 TRPC Family of Ion Channels and Mechanotransduction . 121 Owen P. Hamill and Rosario Maroto 7.1 Introduction . 122 7.2 Distinguishing Direct from Indirect MS Mechanisms . 123 7.2.1 Stretch Activation of Channels in the Patch . 123 7.2.2 Osmotic Swelling and Cell Inflation . 123 7.2.3 Gating Kinetics . 124 7.2.4 The Use of MS Enzyme Inhibitors . 125 7.2.5 Reconstitution of MS Channel Activity in Liposomes . 125 7.3 Extrinsic Regulation of Stretch Sensitivity . 126 7.4 Stretch Sensitivity and Functional MT . 126 7.5 General Properties of TRPCs . 127 7.5.1 TRPC Expression . 127 7.5.2 TRPC Activation and Function: Mechanisms of SOC and ROC . 128 7.5.3 TRPC-TRPC Interactions . 129 7.5.4 TRPC Interactions with Scaffolding Proteins . 130 7.5.5 TRPC Single Channel Conductance . 131 7.5.6 TRPC Pharmacology . 133 7.6 Evidence of Specific TRPC Mechanosensitivity . 133 7.6.1 TRPCÍ . 133 7.6.2 TRPC2 . 138 7.6.3 TRPC3 . 139 7.6.4 TRPC4 . 139 7.6.5 TRPC5 . 140 7.6.6 TRPC6 . 141 7.6.7 TRPC7 . 144 7.7 Conclusions . 145 References . 147 8 Mediano- and Chemo-Sensory Polycystins . 161 Amanda Patel, Patrick Delmas, and Eric Honoré 8.1 Introduction . 162 8.2 Role of the Heteromer PKD1/PKD2 in Mechanotransduction . 164 8.3 Role of the Heteromer PKD1L3/PKD2L1 in Chemoreception . 168 References . 171 Contents xi 9 Biophysics of CNG Ion Channels . 175 Peter H. Barry, Wei Qu, and Andrew J. Moorhouse 9.1 Introduction . 176 9.2 Physiological Function of Retinal and Olfactory CNG Channels. . 176 9.2.1 Visual Transduction . 176 9.2.2 Olfactory Transduction . 179 9.3 Subunit Composition of CNG Channels . 180 9.4 Structure of the CNG Channel Pore . 182 9.5 Activation of CNG Channels . 183 9.6 Permeation and Selectivity of CNG Channels . 186 9.6.1 General Methodologies for Permeation Measurements . 187 9.6.2 Permeation Parameters in Native and Recombinant CNG Channels . 188 9.6.3 Structural Basis of Ion Permeation and Selectivity in Recombinant CNG Channels . 194 9.7 Conclusion . 197 References . 197 10 Sensory Transduction in Caenorhabditis elegans . 201 Austin L. Brown, Daniel Ramot, and Miriam B. Goodman 10.1 Introduction . 202 10.1.1 C. elegans as a Simple Sensation-Action Machine . 202 10.1.2 The Senses of the Worm . 203 10.1.3 Methods Used to Study Sensory Transduction Genes in C. elegans . 205 10.1.4 Ion Channel Families That Sense in the Worm . 205 10.2 Mechanosensation and Mechanotransduction . 206 10.2.1 Somatosensation . 206 10.2.2 Nose Touch . 210 10.2.3 Proprioception . 211 10.2.4 Male-Specific Mechanotransduction . 211 10.3 Thermotransduction . 212 10.3.1 C. elegans Temperature-Guided Behaviors . 212 10.3.2 A Neural Circuit for Detecting and Processing Temperature . 213 10.3.3 cGMP Signaling is Critical for AFD Thermotransduction . 213 10.3.4 Subcellular Localization of the Transduction Apparatus . 214 10.3.5 Similarities to Vertebrate Vision . 215 10.4 Chemosensation and Cnemotransduction . 215 10.4.1 CNG Channels in Cnemotransduction . 215 10.4.2 TRP Channels in Chemotransduction . 216 10.4.3 Oxygen Sensing and Aerotaxis . 216 xii Contents 10.5 Polymodal Channels and Nociception . 217 10.6 Conclusion . 218 References . 218 11 Epithelial Sodium and Acid-Sensing Ion Channels . 225 Stephan Kellenberger 11.1 Introduction . 226 11.2 Overview of the ENaC/DEG Channel Family . 226 11.3 Localisation and Physiological Role . 228 11.3.1 The Epithelial Na+ Channel . 228 11.3.2 Acid-Sensing Ion Channels . 230 11.4 Structural Aspects . 233 11.4.1 Primary Structure and Membrane Topology of Channel Subunits . 233 11.4.2 Multimene Channels and Subunit Stoichiometry . 233 11.5 Ion Conduction and Channel Pore . 235 11.5.1 Biophysical and Pharmacological Properties . 235 11.5.2 Structure-Function Relationship of the Ion Permeation Pathway . 236 11.6 Channel Gating and Regulation . 237 11.6.1 Channel Gating . 237 11.6.2 Regulation of Channel Expression and Function . 238 11.6.3 Gating and Regulatory Domains . 240 11.7 Conclusions . 241 References . 242 12 P2X3 Receptors and Sensory Transduction . 247 Charles Kennedy 12.1 Introduction . 248 12.2 P2X Receptor Subtypes . 248 12.2.1 Discovery of Subtypes . 248 12.2.2 Homomeric P2X Receptors . 249 12.2.3 Heteromeric P2X Receptors . 251 12.3 P2X Receptors in Sensory Nerves . 252 12.3.1 Sensory Nerves . 253 12.3.2 P2X Receptor Expression in Sensory Nerves . 253 12.3.3 Functional Expression in Sensory Nerves . 254 12.4 Physiological Roles for Sensory P2X Receptors . 257 12.4.1 Filling of the Urinary Bladder . 257 12.4.2 Sensing of Blood O, and CO, Levels . 258 12.5 ATP and P2X3 Receptors in Chronic Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain . 258 Contents xijj 12.5.1 Down Regulation of P2X3 Receptors . 258 12.5.2 A-317491 - a P2X, Antagonist. 260 12.6 Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Pain . 260 References . 263 13 Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Nociception . 267 Takahiro Yasuda and David J. Adams 13.1 Introduction . 268 13.2 Calcium Channel Structure, Gene Family and Subunit Composition . 268 13.2.1 Gene Family of a, Subunits . 270 13.2.2 Membrane Topology and Functional Motifs of oCj Subunits . 271 13.2.3 Auxiliary β and α,δ Subunits . 273 13.2.4 Regulation of Macroscopic Current Amplitude by Auxiliary Subunits . 274 13.3 Physiological Roles of Calcium Channels in Neuronal Function . 276 13.4 N-Type Calcium Channel Diversity . 277 13.4.1 N-Type Calcium Channel Splice Variants . 278 13.4.2 N-Type Calcium Channel Sensitivity to ω -Conotoxins . 279 13.5 N-Type Calcium Channels in Nociception and Neuropathic Pain . 280 13.5.1 Electrophysiology and a Role for N-Type Calcium Channels in Sensory Neurons . 280 13.5.2 N-Type Calcium Channel Splice Variants in Sensory Neurons . 282 13.5.3 Pathophysiological Role of N-Type Calcium Channels in Pain - Therapeutic Target for Neuropathic Pain . 283 13.5.4 Endogenous Modulation of N-Type Calcium Channel-Mediated Nociception . 286 13.6 Conclusion . 287 References . 287 Index . 299
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spelling	Sensing with ion channels Boris Martinac ed. Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2008 XXIII, 304 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer Series in Biophysics 11 Ion Channels physiology Ion channels Mechanoreceptors Mechanoreceptors physiology Mechanotransduction, Cellular physiology Signaltransduktion (DE-588)4318717-1 gnd rswk-swf Ionenkanal (DE-588)4138699-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Ionenkanal (DE-588)4138699-1 s Signaltransduktion (DE-588)4318717-1 s DE-604 Martinac, Boris Sonstige oth Springer Series in Biophysics 11 (DE-604)BV000666176 11 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016395353&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Sensing with ion channels Springer Series in Biophysics Ion Channels physiology Ion channels Mechanoreceptors Mechanoreceptors physiology Mechanotransduction, Cellular physiology Signaltransduktion (DE-588)4318717-1 gnd Ionenkanal (DE-588)4138699-1 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4318717-1 (DE-588)4138699-1 (DE-588)4143413-4
title	Sensing with ion channels
title_auth	Sensing with ion channels
title_exact_search	Sensing with ion channels
title_exact_search_txtP	Sensing with ion channels
title_full	Sensing with ion channels Boris Martinac ed.
title_fullStr	Sensing with ion channels Boris Martinac ed.
title_full_unstemmed	Sensing with ion channels Boris Martinac ed.
title_short	Sensing with ion channels
title_sort	sensing with ion channels
topic	Ion Channels physiology Ion channels Mechanoreceptors Mechanoreceptors physiology Mechanotransduction, Cellular physiology Signaltransduktion (DE-588)4318717-1 gnd Ionenkanal (DE-588)4138699-1 gnd
topic_facet	Ion Channels physiology Ion channels Mechanoreceptors Mechanoreceptors physiology Mechanotransduction, Cellular physiology Signaltransduktion Ionenkanal Aufsatzsammlung
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work_keys_str_mv	AT martinacboris sensingwithionchannels

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