Humanitarian occupation:
This book analyzes a new phenomenon in international law: international organizations assuming the powers of a national government in order to reform political institutions. After reviewing the history of internationalized territories, this book asks two questions about these 'humanitarian occu...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Cambridge studies in international and comparative law
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | This book analyzes a new phenomenon in international law: international organizations assuming the powers of a national government in order to reform political institutions. After reviewing the history of internationalized territories, this book asks two questions about these 'humanitarian occupations'. First, why did they occur? The book argues that the missions were part of a larger trend in international law to maintain existing states and their populations. The only way this could occur in these territories, which had all seen violent internal conflict, was for international administrators to take charge. Second, what is the legal justification for the missions? The book examines each of the existing justifications and finds them wanting. A new foundation is needed, one that takes account of the missions' authorisation by the UN Security Council and their pursuit of goals widely supported in the international community. |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 320 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780521856003 9780521671897 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Humanitarian occupation |c Gregory H. Fox |
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| 520 | 3 | |a This book analyzes a new phenomenon in international law: international organizations assuming the powers of a national government in order to reform political institutions. After reviewing the history of internationalized territories, this book asks two questions about these 'humanitarian occupations'. First, why did they occur? The book argues that the missions were part of a larger trend in international law to maintain existing states and their populations. The only way this could occur in these territories, which had all seen violent internal conflict, was for international administrators to take charge. Second, what is the legal justification for the missions? The book examines each of the existing justifications and finds them wanting. A new foundation is needed, one that takes account of the missions' authorisation by the UN Security Council and their pursuit of goals widely supported in the international community. | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Bezettingen |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Droit d'ingérence humanitaire | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Hervormingen |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Internationale organisaties |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Legitimiteit |2 gtt | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137475189243904 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgments page
xi
Introduction
1
Section I Historical antecedents
1
The historical origins of humanitarian occupation I:
governance in service of outsiders
17
I. Origins in the nineteenth century
19
II. Territories administered as a result of the
1919
settlement
20
III. League of Nations mandates
23
A. Fashioning international authority
23
B. The mandatories governance obligations
26
C. The locus of sovereignty debate
28
IV. United Nations trusteeship territories
33
V. Conclusions
39
2
Historical origins of humanitarian occupation II:
internationalized territory in service of insiders
41
I. The rise of post-conflict reconstruction
45
II. Common tasks and objectives
48
A. Territorial integrity
51
B. Democratic politics
52
C. Human rights
55
III. Centralny
of consent
58
A. The role of consent in post-conflict missions
59
B. Actual consent
64
VIU
CONTENTS
С.
Constructed consent
68
IV. Conclusions
69
3
Full international governance
72
I. The Bosnia mission
74
A. Following the territorial imperative
74
B. Creating consent
76
С
The Dayton model of statehood
78
II. The Kosovo operation
84
A. The genesis of the conflict and early international
involvement
84
B. Escalating international involvement
87
C. The
Rambouillet
conference
89
D. War and peace
91
E. The interim international administration
93
F. Final status negotiations
95
G. Observations
97
III. The East Timor mission
98
A. From voting to violence
98
B. Pressure to internationalize
100
С
The UNTAET mandate
102
D. United Nations statehood?
103
IV. The Eastern
Slavonia
mission
106
V. Conclusions
110
Section II Why humanitarian occupation?
4
Rejected models of statehood
115
I. Introducing the policy options
118
II. Legal constraints on exclusionary nationalism
121
A. No legal support for homogeneity achieved
through murder, subordination or forcible
conversion
123
B. No legal support for secession or partition
125
1.
The argument for separation
125
2.
The rejection in practice
126
3.
Procedural limitations and transaction costs
132
4.
Negotiated partition
134
С
No legal support for mass population movements
136
III. Conclusion: what remains? The politics
of inclusion
140
CONTEKTS
IX
5
Constructing the liberal state
142
I. The stubborn persistence of a state-centered order
143
A. The empirical claim
144
B. The normative claim
148
II. Norms of governance
154
A. The mainstreaming of democracy promotion
154
B. Procedural versus substantive democracy
157
III. Elections
162
IV. Human rights
167
V. Conclusions
172
Section III Legal justifications
6
Conventional legal justifications
177
I. First legal framework: consent to humanitarian
occupation
177
A. The coercion problem
177
B. The prohibition on coerced treaties
179
С
The humanitarian occupation agreements
181
D. Potential complications
188
1.
The nature of the coercion
188
2.
The nature of the agreement
192
3.
Justifiable force?
195
E. Conclusion
200
II. Second legal framework: Security Council fiat
200
A. Limits on Council authority within the Charter
201
B. Limits on Council authority outside the Charter:
JMS cogens 205
1.
The self-determination claim
205
2.
Difficulties with jus cogens limitations
211
3.
An alternative methodology: implied consent
214
III. Conclusion
217
7
The international law of occupation
218
I. Applicability of occupation law to multilateral
humanitarian occupations
222
A. UN ratification of humanitarian law treaties
223
B. The UN and the customary law of occupation
225
С
The nature of UN customary law obligations
230
II. Is humanitarian occupation fundamentally
inconsistent with occupation law?
233
CONTENTS
A. The prohibition against altering legal and political
institutions in the occupied territory: the
conservationist principle
233
B. Limited exceptions to the conservationist principle
237
1.
Military necessity
237
2.
Obligations imposed by the Fourth Geneva
Convention
238
C. Broader challenges to the conservationist principle
242
1.
A reformist reading of occupation law
242
a. Looking to international standards
242
b. Consistency with international human
rights norms
249
2.
Is the conservationist principle an anachronism?
249
III. Two transformative occupations: challenging the
conservationist principle
255
A. The occupation of Germany
255
B. The Iraq occupation
259
1.
Social engineering in Iraq
259
2.
Did the Security Council endorse a
transformative occupation ?
263
3.
Resolution
1483
as precedent
269
IV. Conclusions
270
Reforming the law: the Security Council as legislator
273
I. Transcending state-centric norms
274
A. Normative origins
275
B. The reciprocal nature of state-centric norms
279
C. State-centric norms and a collective agenda
285
D. Lack of adjudicatory mechanisms
286
II. Security Council legislation
288
A. A distinct competence
289
B. Council legislation in practice
290
C. Legitimating legislative acts
294
1.
Subjective element: norms and state interests
295
2.
Objective element: supportive practice
299
III. Conclusions
303
Conclusions
305
Index
309
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Acknowledgments page
xi
Introduction
1
Section I Historical antecedents
1
The historical origins of humanitarian occupation I:
governance in service of outsiders
17
I. Origins in the nineteenth century
19
II. Territories administered as a result of the
1919
settlement
20
III. League of Nations mandates
23
A. Fashioning international authority
23
B. The mandatories' governance obligations
26
C. The locus of sovereignty debate
28
IV. United Nations trusteeship territories
33
V. Conclusions
39
2
Historical origins of humanitarian occupation II:
internationalized territory in service of insiders
41
I. The rise of post-conflict reconstruction
45
II. Common tasks and objectives
48
A. Territorial integrity
51
B. Democratic politics
52
C. Human rights
55
III. Centralny
of consent
58
A. The role of consent in post-conflict missions
59
B. Actual consent
64
VIU
CONTENTS
С.
Constructed consent
68
IV. Conclusions
69
3
Full international governance
72
I. The Bosnia mission
74
A. Following the territorial imperative
74
B. Creating consent
76
С
The Dayton model of statehood
78
II. The Kosovo operation
84
A. The genesis of the conflict and early international
involvement
84
B. Escalating international involvement
87
C. The
Rambouillet
conference
89
D. War and peace
91
E. The interim international administration
93
F. Final status negotiations
95
G. Observations
97
III. The East Timor mission
98
A. From voting to violence
98
B. Pressure to internationalize
100
С
The UNTAET mandate
102
D. United Nations statehood?
103
IV. The Eastern
Slavonia
mission
106
V. Conclusions
110
Section II Why humanitarian occupation?
4
Rejected models of statehood
115
I. Introducing the policy options
118
II. Legal constraints on exclusionary nationalism
121
A. No legal support for homogeneity achieved
through murder, subordination or forcible
conversion
123
B. No legal support for secession or partition
125
1.
The argument for separation
125
2.
The rejection in practice
126
3.
Procedural limitations and transaction costs
132
4.
Negotiated partition
134
С
No legal support for mass population movements
136
III. Conclusion: what remains? The politics
of inclusion
140
CONTEKTS
IX
5
Constructing the liberal state
142
I. The stubborn persistence of a state-centered order
143
A. The empirical claim
144
B. The normative claim
148
II. Norms of governance
154
A. The mainstreaming of democracy promotion
154
B. Procedural versus substantive democracy
157
III. Elections
162
IV. Human rights
167
V. Conclusions
172
Section III Legal justifications
6
Conventional legal justifications
177
I. First legal framework: consent to humanitarian
occupation
177
A. The coercion problem
177
B. The prohibition on coerced treaties
179
С
The humanitarian occupation agreements
181
D. Potential complications
188
1.
The nature of the coercion
188
2.
The nature of the agreement
192
3.
Justifiable force?
195
E. Conclusion
200
II. Second legal framework: Security Council fiat
200
A. Limits on Council authority within the Charter
201
B. Limits on Council authority outside the Charter:
JMS cogens 205
1.
The self-determination claim
205
2.
Difficulties with jus cogens limitations
211
3.
An alternative methodology: implied consent
214
III. Conclusion
217
7
The international law of occupation
218
I. Applicability of occupation law to multilateral
humanitarian occupations
222
A. UN ratification of humanitarian law treaties
223
B. The UN and the customary law of occupation
225
С
The nature of UN customary law obligations
230
II. Is humanitarian occupation fundamentally
inconsistent with occupation law?
233
CONTENTS
A. The prohibition against altering legal and political
institutions in the occupied territory: the
conservationist principle
233
B. Limited exceptions to the conservationist principle
237
1.
Military necessity
237
2.
Obligations imposed by the Fourth Geneva
Convention
238
C. Broader challenges to the conservationist principle
242
1.
A reformist reading of occupation law
242
a. Looking to international standards
242
b. Consistency with international human
rights norms
249
2.
Is the conservationist principle an anachronism?
249
III. Two transformative occupations: challenging the
conservationist principle
255
A. The occupation of Germany
255
B. The Iraq occupation
259
1.
Social engineering in Iraq
259
2.
Did the Security Council endorse a
"transformative occupation"?
263
3.
Resolution
1483
as precedent
269
IV. Conclusions
270
Reforming the law: the Security Council as legislator
273
I. Transcending state-centric norms
274
A. Normative origins
275
B. The reciprocal nature of state-centric norms
279
C. State-centric norms and a collective agenda
285
D. Lack of adjudicatory mechanisms
286
II. Security Council legislation
288
A. A distinct competence
289
B. Council legislation in practice
290
C. Legitimating legislative acts
294
1.
Subjective element: norms and state interests
295
2.
Objective element: supportive practice
299
III. Conclusions
303
Conclusions
305
Index
309 |
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| id | DE-604.BV023199309 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:07:37Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:12:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780521856003 9780521671897 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016385562 |
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| physical | XI, 320 S. |
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| spelling | Fox, Gregory H. Verfasser aut Humanitarian occupation Gregory H. Fox 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2008 XI, 320 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cambridge studies in international and comparative law This book analyzes a new phenomenon in international law: international organizations assuming the powers of a national government in order to reform political institutions. After reviewing the history of internationalized territories, this book asks two questions about these 'humanitarian occupations'. First, why did they occur? The book argues that the missions were part of a larger trend in international law to maintain existing states and their populations. The only way this could occur in these territories, which had all seen violent internal conflict, was for international administrators to take charge. Second, what is the legal justification for the missions? The book examines each of the existing justifications and finds them wanting. A new foundation is needed, one that takes account of the missions' authorisation by the UN Security Council and their pursuit of goals widely supported in the international community. Bezettingen gtt Droit d'ingérence humanitaire Hervormingen gtt Internationale organisaties gtt Legitimiteit gtt Vredesoperaties gtt Humanitarian intervention Humanitäre Intervention (DE-588)4202065-7 gnd rswk-swf Humanitäre Intervention (DE-588)4202065-7 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016385562&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fox, Gregory H. Humanitarian occupation Bezettingen gtt Droit d'ingérence humanitaire Hervormingen gtt Internationale organisaties gtt Legitimiteit gtt Vredesoperaties gtt Humanitarian intervention Humanitäre Intervention (DE-588)4202065-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4202065-7 |
| title | Humanitarian occupation |
| title_auth | Humanitarian occupation |
| title_exact_search | Humanitarian occupation |
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| title_full | Humanitarian occupation Gregory H. Fox |
| title_fullStr | Humanitarian occupation Gregory H. Fox |
| title_full_unstemmed | Humanitarian occupation Gregory H. Fox |
| title_short | Humanitarian occupation |
| title_sort | humanitarian occupation |
| topic | Bezettingen gtt Droit d'ingérence humanitaire Hervormingen gtt Internationale organisaties gtt Legitimiteit gtt Vredesoperaties gtt Humanitarian intervention Humanitäre Intervention (DE-588)4202065-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bezettingen Droit d'ingérence humanitaire Hervormingen Internationale organisaties Legitimiteit Vredesoperaties Humanitarian intervention Humanitäre Intervention |
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