Fundamentals of nanotechnology:
This textbook is for the next generation of nanotechnologists. It surveys the field's broad landscape, exploring the physical basics such as nanorheology, nanofluidics, and nanomechanics as well as industrial concerns such as manufacturing, reliability, and safety. The authors then explore the...
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton, FL
CRC Press
2009
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | This textbook is for the next generation of nanotechnologists. It surveys the field's broad landscape, exploring the physical basics such as nanorheology, nanofluidics, and nanomechanics as well as industrial concerns such as manufacturing, reliability, and safety. The authors then explore the vast range of nanomaterials and systematically outline devices and applications in various industrial sectors. --from publisher description |
| Beschreibung: | Angekündigt u.d.T.: Introduction to nanotechnology |
| Beschreibung: | XXVIII, 780 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1420048031 9781420048032 |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, FL |b CRC Press |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XXVIII, 780 S. |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 500 | |a Angekündigt u.d.T.: Introduction to nanotechnology | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a This textbook is for the next generation of nanotechnologists. It surveys the field's broad landscape, exploring the physical basics such as nanorheology, nanofluidics, and nanomechanics as well as industrial concerns such as manufacturing, reliability, and safety. The authors then explore the vast range of nanomaterials and systematically outline devices and applications in various industrial sectors. --from publisher description | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanochimie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanomatériaux - Industrie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanosciences | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanosystèmes électromécaniques | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanotechnologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanoélectronique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanostructured materials industry | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137468571680768 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Fundamentals of nanotechnology
Autor: Hornyak, Gabor L
Jahr: 2009
ONTENTS
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
Authors xxv
Chapter Opening Captions and Credits xxix
SECTION 1: PERSPECTIVES 1
Chapter 1 Introduction 3
1.0 Perspectives of Nanotechnology 4
1.0.1 Review of Definitions 5
1.0.2 Technology Revolution or Evolution ? 6
1.0.3 Outlook 9
1.0.4 The Nano Perspective 10
1.1 The Business of Nanotechnology 10
1.1.1 Background 11
1.1.2 Companies 12
1.1.3 Sources of Nanotechnology Inventions 13
1.1.4 Founding a Company?What to Do First? 14
1.1.5 Business Structures 16
1.1.6 Registering a Company? Where ? 18
1.1.7 Finances 20
1.1.8 Managing the Company 20
1.1.9 Developing and Manufacturing a Product 21
1.1.10 Marketing 22
1.1.11 Exits 22
1.2 Education and Workforce Development 23
1.2.1 Technological Revolutions?The Workforce
Point of View 24
1.2.2 The State of Education and Workforce
Development 25
1.2.3 Current Workforce and Education Programs 27
1.2.4 The Workforce of the Future 27
1.2.5 Planning Ahead and Potential Career Paths 28
VI
1.3 Buildings for Nanotech 29
1.3.1 Nanotechnology in Buildings?Environmental
Aspects 30
1.3.2 The Needs of Scientists and Engineers
(And Equipment and Instrumentation) 33
1.3.3 Advanced Facilities That Support Nano
and Biotech 39
1.4 National and International Infrastructure 42
1.4.1 Research and Development Organizations 43
1.4.2 Economic Development Organizations 44
1.4.3 Organizations Centered on Societal
Implications 44
1.4.4 Nanotechnology News Services 45
1.4.5 International Organizations and
Institutes 46
1.5 Nanotechnology Products 47
Acknowledgments 48
References 48
Problems 50
Chapter 2 Nanometrology: Standards
and Nanomanufacturing 53
2.0 The Transition, the Need 56
2.0.1 Background to Nanometrology 57
2.0.2 Background to Nanomanufacturing 61
2.0.3 The Nano Perspective 62
2.1 Nanometrology and Uncertainty 64
2.1.1 Nanometrology 66
2.1.2 Uncertainty 66
2.1.3 Heisenberg Uncertainty 68
2.1.4 Quantum Entanglement 71
2. J. 5 Applications 76
2.2 Quantum Metrology 78
2.2.1 Atomic Clocks, the Meter, and Time 79
2.2.2 The Quantum Triangle 84
2.2.3 The Single-Electron Transistor 88
2.3 Nanometrology Tools 90
2.3.1 Electron Beam and Atomic Force Tools 90
2.3.2 Spectroscopic Tools 93
2.3.3 Nanomechanical Tools 96
2.4 Nanometrology and
Nanomanufacturing Standards 98
2.4.1 Standards for Nanotechnology 99
2.4.2 NIST Efforts 100
2.4.3 IEEE Roadmap for Nanoelectronics 101
VII
2.5 Nanomanufacturing and Molecular Assembly
2.5. J Lithographies 102
2.5.2 Nanomanipulators and Grippers 103
2.5.3 Bottom-Up Manufacturing 105
2.5.4 Molecular Scale Assembly Lines 107
2.6 Concluding Remarks 112
References 112
Problems 119
102
SECTION 2: ELECTROMAGNETIC
NANOENGINEERING 121
Chapter 3 Nanoelectronics 123
3.0 Electronics and Nanoelectronics 124
3.0.1 Basic Electronic Terminology and Symbols 124
3.0.2 Fundamental Types of Electronic Materials
(and Nanomaterials) 124
3.0.3 Fundamental Kinds of Electronic Devices 126
3.0.4 The Nano Perspective 129
3.1 Microelectronics 130
3.1.1 Introduction to Band Structure 130
3.1.2 Basic Conductor and Semiconductor
Physics 135
3.1.3 Transistors 149
3.2 Nanoscale Electronics 150
3.2.1 Background 150
3.2.2 The Current State of Microelectronics and
Extensions to the Nanoscale 150
3.2.3 Nanotechnology-Based Strategies:
Single-Electron Tunneling 151
3.2.4 Nanotechnology-Based Strategies:
Molecular Wires 157
References 163
Problems 164
Chapter 4 Nano-Optics 165
4.0 Introduction to Optics 166
4.0.1 Interactions of Light with Matter 169
4.0.2 The Nano Perspective 172
4.1 The Surface Plasmon 173
4.1.1 The Surface Plasmon Resonance 173
4. J.2 Scattering 179
4.1.3 Color Generation from Nanoparticles and
Nanostructures 181
4.1.4 Applications of Nanoplasmonics 182
VIII
4.2 Quantum Dots 184
4.2.1 The Bohr Exciton Radius 184
4.2.2 Tuning the Gap 185
4.2.3 Luminescence 186
4.2.4 Applications 187
4.3 Near-Field Microscopies 191
4.3.1 The Diffraction Limit 191
4.3.2 Near-Field M icroscopy 192
4.3.3 Applications 193
4.4 Nanophotonics 194
4.4.1 Photonics 194
4.4.2 Photonic Structures in Living Systems 195
4.4.3 Photonic Crystals 196
4.4.4 Fabrication of Nanophotonic Crystals 199
References 200
Problems 202
Chapter 5 Nanomagnetism 203
5.0 Introduction 204
5.0.1 History 204
5.0.2 Magnetic Phenomena and Their Classical
Interpretation 205
5.0.3 The Nano Perspective 207
5.1 Characteristics of Nanomagnetic Systems 208
5.1.1 Introduction to Nanomagnetism 208
5.1.2 Characteristics of Nanomagnetic Materials 211
5.1.3 Magnetization and Nanostructures 212
5.2 Magnetism in Reduced Dimensional Systems 218
5.2.1 Two-Dimensional Systems 218
5.2.2 One-Dimensional Systems 219
5.2.3 Zero-Dimensional Systems 219
5.3 Physical Properties of Magnetic Nanostructures 220
5.3.1 Substrate Effects on Structures
and Related Properties 220
5.3.2 Oscillatory Exchange Coupling 220
5.3.3 Spin-Polarized Tunneling 220
5.3.4 Magnetoresistivity 221
5.3.5 Magnetic Moments of 3d Transition Metal
Clusters 221
5.3.6 The Temperature Dependence of Magnetic
Moments 222
5.4 Recent Progress in Nanoscale Sample
Preparation 223
5.4.1 Epitaxial Methods 223
IX
5.5 Nanomagnetism Applications 223
5.5.1 Overview 223
5.5.2 Current Status of Spin-Based
Electronics Devices 226
5.5.3 Sensors 229
5.5.4 Nanomagnetism for Biomedical
Applications 230
References 234
Problems 234
SECTION 3: MECHANICAL NANOENGINEERING 237
Chapter 6 Nanomechanics 239
6.0 Introduction 240
6.0.1 Two-Atom Chain Mechanics 240
6.0.2 Interaction Potentials 241
6.0.3 External Forces 247
6.0.4 Dynamic Motion 248
6.1 Three-Atom Chain 249
6.2 Lattice Mechanics 250
6.3 Stress and Strain 253
6.4 Linear Elasticity Relations 255
6.4.1 Orthotopic and Isotropic Materials 256
6.4.2 Crystalline Materials 256
6.5 Molecular Dynamics 258
6.5.1 Verlet Algorithms 258
6.5.2 NordsieckfGear Predictor-Corrector Methods 259
6.5.3 Molecular Dynamics Applications 261
6.5.4 Nanomachines 264
6.5.5 Wear at the Nanometer Level 265
6.6 Structure and Mechanical Properties
of Carbon Nanotubes 266
6.6.1 Structure of Carbon Nanotubes 266
6.6.2 Mechanical Properties of Carbon
Nanotubes 268
6.7 Nanomechanical Measurement
Techniques and Applications 269
6.7.1 AFM Measurements: Mechanical Properties of
CNTs 270
6.7.2 Nanoindentation 272
6.8 Nano-Microelectromechanical Systems
(NEMS/MEMS) 274
6.8.1 MEMS Fabrication Techniques 274
6.8.2 NEMS Fabrication Techniques 279
6.8.3 NEMS/MEMS Motion Dynamics 280
6.8.4 MEMS Devices and Applications 282
6.8.5 NEMS Devices and Applications 284
6.9 Summary 285
Acknowledgments 285
References 286
Problems 289
Chapter 7 Nanostructure and
Nanocomposite Thin Films 293
7.0 Introduction 294
7.1 Classification of Nanostructured, Nanocomposite
Tribological Coatings 294
7.1.1 Nanoscale Multilayer Coatings 294
7.1.2 Nanocomposite Coatings 296
7.1.3 Functionally Graded Coatings 300
7.2 Background of Nanostructured
Super-Hard Coatings 301
7.2.1 Nanoscale Multilayer Coatings 303
7.2.2 Single-Layer Nanocomposite Coatings 304
7.3 New Directions for Nanostructured
Super-Tough Coatings 306
7.3.1 Functionally Graded Multilayer Coatings 306
7.3.2 Functionally Graded Nanocomposite Coatings 308
7.4 Processing Techniques and Principles 309
7.4.1 Plasma Definition 310
7.4.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition 311
7.4.3 Physical Vapor Deposition 314
7.5 General Considerations and Practical
Aspects of Sputtering Deposition 331
7.5.1 Reactive Sputtering Deposition
Process Stability 332
7.5.2 Film Structure Control
(Structure Zone Models) 334
7.5.3 Sputtering Glow Discharges 337
7.5.4 Energetic Enhanced Deposition 339
References 347
Problems 358
Chapter8 Applications of Thin Films 361
8.0 Technological Applications of Thin Films
Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering
of Ti-Al-Si-N Coatings 362
Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering
of Ti-Si-B-C-N Coatings 365
362
8.1
8.2
8.3 Pulsed Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron
Sputtering of Cr-Al-N Coatings 370
8.4 Concluding Remarks 379
References 380
Problems 381
SECTION 4: CHEMICAL NANOENGINEERING 383
Chapter 9 Nanocatalysis 385
9.0 Introduction to Catalytic and Nanocatalytic
Materials 387
9.0.1 The Importance of Catalysis in a Modern
Society 387
9.0.2 What Is a Catalyst? 387
9.0.3 The Nano Perspective 388
9.1 Fundamentals of Catalysis 390
9.1.1 Adsorption of a Molecule on a Catalyst
Surface 390
9.1.2 Adsorption Theory 392
9.1.3 Surface Reactions 395
9.2 Synthesis 398
9.2.1 Synthesis Requirements 398
9.2.2 Example of a Conventional Synthetic Technique
9.2.3 Nontraditional Methods for Preparing
Nanocatalysts 400
9.3 Catalyst Characterization 401
9.3.1 Overview 401
9.3.2 Bulk Characterization Techniques 402
9.3.3 Surface Characterization Techniques 404
Acknowledgments 405
References 406
399
Chapter 10 Nanocomposites and Fibers 407
10.0 Nanocomposites and Fibers 408
10.0.1 Background 410
10.0.2 Overview of Engineering Materials 412
10.0.3 Types of Composite Materials and Generic
Structures 414
10.0.4 The Nano Perspective 416
10.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of
Materials 418
10.1.1 Mechanical Properties 418
10.1.2 Thermal Properties 428
10.1.3 Electronic Properties 430
10.1.4 Chemical Properties 432
XII
10.2 Natural Nanocomposites 434
10.2.1 Skin of the Sea Cucumber 434
10.2.2 Hard Natural Nanocomposites 434
10.3 Carbon Fibers and Nanotubes 437
10.3.1 Types of Fibers, Whiskers, and
Nanotubes 439
10.3.2 Synthesis of Fibers and Nanotubes 441
10.3.3 Chemical Modification of Carbon
Nanotubes 446
10.3.4 Carbon Nanotube Applications 448
10.4 Organic Polymer Nanocomposites 451
10.4.1 Introduction to Polymers 452
10.4.2 Interfacial Area 454
10.4.3 Nanofilled Composite Design, Synthesis,
and Properties 456
JO.4.4 Enhanced Polymer Nanocomposites 457
10.5 Metal and Ceramic Nanocomposites 462
10.5.1 Metal Nanocomposites 462
10.5.2 Inorganic Nanofibers 463
10.5.3 Cermets 464
10.5.4 Concrete 465
10.6 Clay Nanocomposite Materials 467
10.6.1 Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposites 467
10.6.2 Montmorillonite Clay
Nanocomposites 469
10.6.3 Halloysite Nanotube Clay Composites 470
References 472
Problems 478
SECTION 5: BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
NANOENGINEERING 479
Chapter 11 Nanobiotechnology 481
11.0 Introduction to Nanobiotechnology 482
11.0.1 Definitions 483
11.0.2 Biotechnology 483
11.0.3 Bio-Nanotechnology 483
11.0.4 Biomolecular Nanotechnology 483
11.0.5 Biomedical Nanotechnology 484
11.0.6 Nanobiotechnology 484
11.1 The Biological Immune System 484
11.1.1 Natural Molecular Recognition 484
11.1.2 The Innate Immune System 486
11.1.3 The Adaptive Immune System 486
11.1.4 White Blood Celb and Antibodies 488
XIII
11.2 Using Antibodies in Biosensors:
Immunoassays 490
11.2.1 Antibodies in Molecular Recognition
Sensors 490
11.2.2 Production of Antibodies 490
11.2.3 Monoclonal Antibodies 490
11.2.4 Reverse Transcriptase 491
11.2.5 Recombinant DNA 491
11.2.6 Antibodies as Selection Tools for
Biosensors 491
11.3 Cantilevers as Nano-Biosensors 492
11.3.1 Sensing Physical Properties 492
11.3.2 Cantilevers and Selective Binding 493
11.3.3 Active Cantilever Sensors 493
11.3.4 Passive Cantilever Sensors 493
11.3.5 Surface Effects on Nanocantilevers 494
11.3.6 Steric Effects 494
11.3.7 Surface Free Energy at the Nanoscale 495
11.4 Micro-and Nanosensors and Applications 495
11.4.1 Biomedical Cantilever Applications 495
11.4.2 Cantilever Sensor for Cancer
Screening 496
11.4.3 Biotechnology Applications of
Cantilevers 496
11.4.4 Surface Acoustic Wave Nanosensors 497
11.4.5 Electrochemical Nanosensors 498
11.5 Optical Nanosensors 500
11.5.1 Photonic Nanosensors 500
11.5.2 Surface Plasmon Nanosensors 501
11.5.3 Nanoscale Optical Resonance Grids?Using
the Butterfly Wing Effect 503
11.5.4 Guided-Mode Resonance Sensors 503
11.5.5 Applications of Guided Mode Sensors 504
11.6 Nanotechnology for Manipulation of
Biomolecules 506
11.6.1 Optical Tweezers 506
11.6.2 Dielectrophoresis 507
11.6.3 Some Dielectrophoresis Applications 508
11.6.4 M icro- and Nanofluidics 510
11.6.5 Biochips, Labs on Chips, and Integrated
Systems 511
11.7 Summary 513
Acknowledgments 513
References 513
Problems 519
XIV
Chapter 12 Biomimetics 521
12.0 The Bio Sciences and Technologies 522
12.0.1 Biomimetics, Bioengineering, and Other
Bioengineering Fields 522
12.0.2 Biomimetics as an Emerging Science and
Engineering Discipline 526
12.0.3 Biomimetic Systems 526
12.0.4 The Nano Perspective 527
12.1 Biomimetic Design of Molecules 528
12.1.1 Design and Discovery of Drugs 529
12.1.2 Targeting with Magic Bullets 530
12.1.3 Aspirin: Signaling Pathways Revealed by
the Willow 532
12.1.4 Taxol: Novel Drug Actions on the
Nanolevel 536
12.1.5 Pyrethrum: Learning from the Daisy 538
12.2 Biomimetic Nanomaterials 540
12.2.1 Biomimetic Mineral Nanoparticles 541
12.2.2 Shell as a Biomodel 542
12.2.3 Nanoengineering Bone 546
12.2.4 Sponge Fiber Photonics 548
12.2.5 The Lesson of the Lotus?
Nanocon trol of Surfaces 551
12.2.6 Gecko Glue and Other Biomimetic
Nanoadhesives 554
12.2.7 Biomimetic Membranes and Nanocapsules 565
12.2.8 Some Other Biomimetic Materials 567
12.3 Biomimetic Nanoengineering 568
12.3.1 Artificial Muscles 568
12.3.2 Viral Energy Storage 571
12.3.3 Photosynthesis 572
12.3.4 Sensors Based on Biomimetic Moieties 582
12.3.5 Biomimetic Molecular Nanoengines 583
12.4 Conclusion 586
References 587
Problems 603
Chapter 13 Medical Nanotechnology 605
13.0 Introduction to Medical Nanotechnology 607
13.0.1 Definitions: Medicine and Medical
Nanoscience 607
13.0.2 Historical Origins: Medical Breakthroughs 608
13.0.3 Medical Nanoscience: Roots in Medical
Science 611
XV
13.0.4 Future Possibilities for Medical
Nanotechnology: Nanomedicine 612
13.0.5 Putting Medical Nanoscience into Practice:
Medical Nanotechnology 616
13.1 Nanoparticles and Nanoencapsulation
for Medical Applications 617
13.1.1 Nanoparticles for Medical Imaging 618
13.1.2 Nanoparticles for Targeting Cancer Cells 619
13.1.3 Nanoencapsulation for Drug Delivery to
Tumors 620
13.1.4 Nanoencapsulation for Penetration of the
Blood-Brain Barrier 621
13.1.5 Nanoparticles and Nanoencapsulation for
Insulin Delivery 623
13.1.6 Nanoencapsulation for Protection of
Implants from the Immune System 626
13.2 Guiding and Stimulating Tissue
Function and Growth 627
13.2.1 Nanoguides for Neural Growth and Repair 627
13.2.2 Neuronal Stimulation and Monitoring 634
13.2.3 Neurostimulation for Pain and Nervous
Disorders 635
13.2.4 Neuroprosthetics 636
13.2.5 Neuroprosthetics for the Ear 653
13.2.6 Vision Prosthetics 658
13.3 Summary 662
Acknowledgments 663
References 663
Problems 682
Chapter 14 Environmental Nanotechnology 683
14.0 The Environment (and Technology) 684
14.0.1 Background 685
14.0.2 Traditional Methods of Detecting
Environmental Contaminants 686
14.0.3 Types of Environmental Sensors 687
14.0.4 Introduction to Environmental Mitigation 695
14.0.5 National Security and Defense 700
14.0.6 The Nano Perspective 706
14.1 Water and Soil Quality,
Monitoring, and Mitigation 708
14.1.1 Traditional Water Treatment 709
14.1.2 Nanomaterial Contamination in Aqueous
Environments 711
XVI
14.1.3 Activated Carbon?A Simple Traditional
Nanotechnology 713
14.1.4 Membranes and Separation Technology 716
14.1.5 Oil Spills 721
14.1.6 Chemical and Biological Sensors and
Detectors 722
14.2 Air Quality, Monitoring, and Mitigation 722
14.2.1 Gas Separation: Advanced Membrane
Technology 723
14.2.2 C02 Mitigation 726
14.2.3 Hydrogen Production and Purification 727
14.2.4 Chemical Sensing and Detection 728
14.3 Energy 728
14.3.1 Solar Energy and Nano 730
14.3.2 Batteries 739
14.3.3 Hydrogen Production and Storage 742
14.3.4 Fuel Cells 748
14.3.5 Solar Heating and Power Generation 751
14.4 Epilogue 751
14.4.1 SAMMS 752
14.4.2 One More Pass at Hydrogen Storage 753
14.4.3 Concluding Thoughts 755
Acknowledgments 755
References 755
Problems 767
Index 769
|
| adam_txt |
Titel: Fundamentals of nanotechnology
Autor: Hornyak, Gabor L
Jahr: 2009
ONTENTS
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
Authors xxv
Chapter Opening Captions and Credits xxix
SECTION 1: PERSPECTIVES 1
Chapter 1 Introduction 3
1.0 Perspectives of Nanotechnology 4
1.0.1 Review of Definitions 5
1.0.2 Technology Revolution or Evolution ? 6
1.0.3 Outlook 9
1.0.4 The Nano Perspective 10
1.1 The Business of Nanotechnology 10
1.1.1 Background 11
1.1.2 Companies 12
1.1.3 Sources of Nanotechnology Inventions 13
1.1.4 Founding a Company?What to Do First? 14
1.1.5 Business Structures 16
1.1.6 Registering a Company? Where ? 18
1.1.7 Finances 20
1.1.8 Managing the Company 20
1.1.9 Developing and Manufacturing a Product 21
1.1.10 Marketing 22
1.1.11 Exits 22
1.2 Education and Workforce Development 23
1.2.1 Technological Revolutions?The Workforce
Point of View 24
1.2.2 The State of Education and Workforce
Development 25
1.2.3 Current Workforce and Education Programs 27
1.2.4 The Workforce of the Future 27
1.2.5 Planning Ahead and Potential Career Paths 28
VI
1.3 Buildings for Nanotech 29
1.3.1 Nanotechnology in Buildings?Environmental
Aspects 30
1.3.2 The Needs of Scientists and Engineers
(And Equipment and Instrumentation) 33
1.3.3 Advanced Facilities That Support Nano
and Biotech 39
1.4 National and International Infrastructure 42
1.4.1 Research and Development Organizations 43
1.4.2 Economic Development Organizations 44
1.4.3 Organizations Centered on Societal
Implications 44
1.4.4 Nanotechnology News Services 45
1.4.5 International Organizations and
Institutes 46
1.5 Nanotechnology Products 47
Acknowledgments 48
References 48
Problems 50
Chapter 2 Nanometrology: Standards
and Nanomanufacturing 53
2.0 The Transition, the Need 56
2.0.1 Background to Nanometrology 57
2.0.2 Background to Nanomanufacturing 61
2.0.3 The Nano Perspective 62
2.1 Nanometrology and Uncertainty 64
2.1.1 Nanometrology 66
2.1.2 Uncertainty 66
2.1.3 Heisenberg Uncertainty 68
2.1.4 Quantum Entanglement 71
2. J. 5 Applications 76
2.2 Quantum Metrology 78
2.2.1 Atomic Clocks, the Meter, and Time 79
2.2.2 The Quantum Triangle 84
2.2.3 The Single-Electron Transistor 88
2.3 Nanometrology Tools 90
2.3.1 Electron Beam and Atomic Force Tools 90
2.3.2 Spectroscopic Tools 93
2.3.3 Nanomechanical Tools 96
2.4 Nanometrology and
Nanomanufacturing Standards 98
2.4.1 Standards for Nanotechnology 99
2.4.2 NIST Efforts 100
2.4.3 IEEE Roadmap for Nanoelectronics 101
VII
2.5 Nanomanufacturing and Molecular Assembly
2.5. J Lithographies 102
2.5.2 Nanomanipulators and Grippers 103
2.5.3 Bottom-Up Manufacturing 105
2.5.4 Molecular Scale Assembly Lines 107
2.6 Concluding Remarks 112
References 112
Problems 119
102
SECTION 2: ELECTROMAGNETIC
NANOENGINEERING 121
Chapter 3 Nanoelectronics 123
3.0 Electronics and Nanoelectronics 124
3.0.1 Basic Electronic Terminology and Symbols 124
3.0.2 Fundamental Types of Electronic Materials
(and Nanomaterials) 124
3.0.3 Fundamental Kinds of Electronic Devices 126
3.0.4 The Nano Perspective 129
3.1 Microelectronics 130
3.1.1 Introduction to Band Structure 130
3.1.2 Basic Conductor and Semiconductor
Physics 135
3.1.3 Transistors 149
3.2 Nanoscale Electronics 150
3.2.1 Background 150
3.2.2 The Current State of Microelectronics and
Extensions to the Nanoscale 150
3.2.3 Nanotechnology-Based Strategies:
Single-Electron Tunneling 151
3.2.4 Nanotechnology-Based Strategies:
Molecular Wires 157
References 163
Problems 164
Chapter 4 Nano-Optics 165
4.0 Introduction to Optics 166
4.0.1 Interactions of Light with Matter 169
4.0.2 The Nano Perspective 172
4.1 The Surface Plasmon 173
4.1.1 The Surface Plasmon Resonance 173
4. J.2 Scattering 179
4.1.3 Color Generation from Nanoparticles and
Nanostructures 181
4.1.4 Applications of Nanoplasmonics 182
VIII
4.2 Quantum Dots 184
4.2.1 The Bohr Exciton Radius 184
4.2.2 Tuning the Gap 185
4.2.3 Luminescence 186
4.2.4 Applications 187
4.3 Near-Field Microscopies 191
4.3.1 The Diffraction Limit 191
4.3.2 Near-Field M icroscopy 192
4.3.3 Applications 193
4.4 Nanophotonics 194
4.4.1 Photonics 194
4.4.2 Photonic Structures in Living Systems 195
4.4.3 Photonic Crystals 196
4.4.4 Fabrication of Nanophotonic Crystals 199
References 200
Problems 202
Chapter 5 Nanomagnetism 203
5.0 Introduction 204
5.0.1 History 204
5.0.2 Magnetic Phenomena and Their Classical
Interpretation 205
5.0.3 The Nano Perspective 207
5.1 Characteristics of Nanomagnetic Systems 208
5.1.1 Introduction to Nanomagnetism 208
5.1.2 Characteristics of Nanomagnetic Materials 211
5.1.3 Magnetization and Nanostructures 212
5.2 Magnetism in Reduced Dimensional Systems 218
5.2.1 Two-Dimensional Systems 218
5.2.2 One-Dimensional Systems 219
5.2.3 Zero-Dimensional Systems 219
5.3 Physical Properties of Magnetic Nanostructures 220
5.3.1 Substrate Effects on Structures
and Related Properties 220
5.3.2 Oscillatory Exchange Coupling 220
5.3.3 Spin-Polarized Tunneling 220
5.3.4 Magnetoresistivity 221
5.3.5 Magnetic Moments of 3d Transition Metal
Clusters 221
5.3.6 The Temperature Dependence of Magnetic
Moments 222
5.4 Recent Progress in Nanoscale Sample
Preparation 223
5.4.1 Epitaxial Methods 223
IX
5.5 Nanomagnetism Applications 223
5.5.1 Overview 223
5.5.2 Current Status of Spin-Based
Electronics Devices 226
5.5.3 Sensors 229
5.5.4 Nanomagnetism for Biomedical
Applications 230
References 234
Problems 234
SECTION 3: MECHANICAL NANOENGINEERING 237
Chapter 6 Nanomechanics 239
6.0 Introduction 240
6.0.1 Two-Atom Chain Mechanics 240
6.0.2 Interaction Potentials 241
6.0.3 External Forces 247
6.0.4 Dynamic Motion 248
6.1 Three-Atom Chain 249
6.2 Lattice Mechanics 250
6.3 Stress and Strain 253
6.4 Linear Elasticity Relations 255
6.4.1 Orthotopic and Isotropic Materials 256
6.4.2 Crystalline Materials 256
6.5 Molecular Dynamics 258
6.5.1 Verlet Algorithms 258
6.5.2 NordsieckfGear Predictor-Corrector Methods 259
6.5.3 Molecular Dynamics Applications 261
6.5.4 Nanomachines 264
6.5.5 Wear at the Nanometer Level 265
6.6 Structure and Mechanical Properties
of Carbon Nanotubes 266
6.6.1 Structure of Carbon Nanotubes 266
6.6.2 Mechanical Properties of Carbon
Nanotubes 268
6.7 Nanomechanical Measurement
Techniques and Applications 269
6.7.1 AFM Measurements: Mechanical Properties of
CNTs 270
6.7.2 Nanoindentation 272
6.8 Nano-Microelectromechanical Systems
(NEMS/MEMS) 274
6.8.1 MEMS Fabrication Techniques 274
6.8.2 NEMS Fabrication Techniques 279
6.8.3 NEMS/MEMS Motion Dynamics 280
6.8.4 MEMS Devices and Applications 282
6.8.5 NEMS Devices and Applications 284
6.9 Summary 285
Acknowledgments 285
References 286
Problems 289
Chapter 7 Nanostructure and
Nanocomposite Thin Films 293
7.0 Introduction 294
7.1 Classification of Nanostructured, Nanocomposite
Tribological Coatings 294
7.1.1 Nanoscale Multilayer Coatings 294
7.1.2 Nanocomposite Coatings 296
7.1.3 Functionally Graded Coatings 300
7.2 Background of Nanostructured
Super-Hard Coatings 301
7.2.1 Nanoscale Multilayer Coatings 303
7.2.2 Single-Layer Nanocomposite Coatings 304
7.3 New Directions for Nanostructured
Super-Tough Coatings 306
7.3.1 Functionally Graded Multilayer Coatings 306
7.3.2 Functionally Graded Nanocomposite Coatings 308
7.4 Processing Techniques and Principles 309
7.4.1 Plasma Definition 310
7.4.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition 311
7.4.3 Physical Vapor Deposition 314
7.5 General Considerations and Practical
Aspects of Sputtering Deposition 331
7.5.1 Reactive Sputtering Deposition
Process Stability 332
7.5.2 Film Structure Control
(Structure Zone Models) 334
7.5.3 Sputtering Glow Discharges 337
7.5.4 Energetic Enhanced Deposition 339
References 347
Problems 358
Chapter8 Applications of Thin Films 361
8.0 Technological Applications of Thin Films
Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering
of Ti-Al-Si-N Coatings 362
Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering
of Ti-Si-B-C-N Coatings 365
362
8.1
8.2
8.3 Pulsed Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron
Sputtering of Cr-Al-N Coatings 370
8.4 Concluding Remarks 379
References 380
Problems 381
SECTION 4: CHEMICAL NANOENGINEERING 383
Chapter 9 Nanocatalysis 385
9.0 Introduction to Catalytic and Nanocatalytic
Materials 387
9.0.1 The Importance of Catalysis in a Modern
Society 387
9.0.2 What Is a Catalyst? 387
9.0.3 The Nano Perspective 388
9.1 Fundamentals of Catalysis 390
9.1.1 Adsorption of a Molecule on a Catalyst
Surface 390
9.1.2 Adsorption Theory 392
9.1.3 Surface Reactions 395
9.2 Synthesis 398
9.2.1 Synthesis Requirements 398
9.2.2 Example of a Conventional Synthetic Technique
9.2.3 Nontraditional Methods for Preparing
Nanocatalysts 400
9.3 Catalyst Characterization 401
9.3.1 Overview 401
9.3.2 Bulk Characterization Techniques 402
9.3.3 Surface Characterization Techniques 404
Acknowledgments 405
References 406
399
Chapter 10 Nanocomposites and Fibers 407
10.0 Nanocomposites and Fibers 408
10.0.1 Background 410
10.0.2 Overview of Engineering Materials 412
10.0.3 Types of Composite Materials and Generic
Structures 414
10.0.4 The Nano Perspective 416
10.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of
Materials 418
10.1.1 Mechanical Properties 418
10.1.2 Thermal Properties 428
10.1.3 Electronic Properties 430
10.1.4 Chemical Properties 432
XII
10.2 Natural Nanocomposites 434
10.2.1 Skin of the Sea Cucumber 434
10.2.2 Hard Natural Nanocomposites 434
10.3 Carbon Fibers and Nanotubes 437
10.3.1 Types of Fibers, Whiskers, and
Nanotubes 439
10.3.2 Synthesis of Fibers and Nanotubes 441
10.3.3 Chemical Modification of Carbon
Nanotubes 446
10.3.4 Carbon Nanotube Applications 448
10.4 Organic Polymer Nanocomposites 451
10.4.1 Introduction to Polymers 452
10.4.2 Interfacial Area 454
10.4.3 Nanofilled Composite Design, Synthesis,
and Properties 456
JO.4.4 Enhanced Polymer Nanocomposites 457
10.5 Metal and Ceramic Nanocomposites 462
10.5.1 Metal Nanocomposites 462
10.5.2 Inorganic Nanofibers 463
10.5.3 Cermets 464
10.5.4 Concrete 465
10.6 Clay Nanocomposite Materials 467
10.6.1 Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposites 467
10.6.2 Montmorillonite Clay
Nanocomposites 469
10.6.3 Halloysite Nanotube Clay Composites 470
References 472
Problems 478
SECTION 5: BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
NANOENGINEERING 479
Chapter 11 Nanobiotechnology 481
11.0 Introduction to Nanobiotechnology 482
11.0.1 Definitions 483
11.0.2 Biotechnology 483
11.0.3 Bio-Nanotechnology 483
11.0.4 Biomolecular Nanotechnology 483
11.0.5 Biomedical Nanotechnology 484
11.0.6 Nanobiotechnology 484
11.1 The Biological Immune System 484
11.1.1 Natural Molecular Recognition 484
11.1.2 The Innate Immune System 486
11.1.3 The Adaptive Immune System 486
11.1.4 White Blood Celb and Antibodies 488
XIII
11.2 Using Antibodies in Biosensors:
Immunoassays 490
11.2.1 Antibodies in Molecular Recognition
Sensors 490
11.2.2 Production of Antibodies 490
11.2.3 Monoclonal Antibodies 490
11.2.4 Reverse Transcriptase 491
11.2.5 Recombinant DNA 491
11.2.6 Antibodies as Selection Tools for
Biosensors 491
11.3 Cantilevers as Nano-Biosensors 492
11.3.1 Sensing Physical Properties 492
11.3.2 Cantilevers and Selective Binding 493
11.3.3 Active Cantilever Sensors 493
11.3.4 Passive Cantilever Sensors 493
11.3.5 Surface Effects on Nanocantilevers 494
11.3.6 Steric Effects 494
11.3.7 Surface Free Energy at the Nanoscale 495
11.4 Micro-and Nanosensors and Applications 495
11.4.1 Biomedical Cantilever Applications 495
11.4.2 Cantilever Sensor for Cancer
Screening 496
11.4.3 Biotechnology Applications of
Cantilevers 496
11.4.4 Surface Acoustic Wave Nanosensors 497
11.4.5 Electrochemical Nanosensors 498
11.5 Optical Nanosensors 500
11.5.1 Photonic Nanosensors 500
11.5.2 Surface Plasmon Nanosensors 501
11.5.3 Nanoscale Optical Resonance Grids?Using
the Butterfly Wing Effect 503
11.5.4 Guided-Mode Resonance Sensors 503
11.5.5 Applications of Guided Mode Sensors 504
11.6 Nanotechnology for Manipulation of
Biomolecules 506
11.6.1 Optical Tweezers 506
11.6.2 Dielectrophoresis 507
11.6.3 Some Dielectrophoresis Applications 508
11.6.4 M icro- and Nanofluidics 510
11.6.5 Biochips, Labs on Chips, and Integrated
Systems 511
11.7 Summary 513
Acknowledgments 513
References 513
Problems 519
XIV
Chapter 12 Biomimetics 521
12.0 The Bio Sciences and Technologies 522
12.0.1 Biomimetics, Bioengineering, and Other
Bioengineering Fields 522
12.0.2 Biomimetics as an Emerging Science and
Engineering Discipline 526
12.0.3 Biomimetic Systems 526
12.0.4 The Nano Perspective 527
12.1 Biomimetic Design of Molecules 528
12.1.1 Design and Discovery of Drugs 529
12.1.2 Targeting with Magic Bullets 530
12.1.3 Aspirin: Signaling Pathways Revealed by
the Willow 532
12.1.4 Taxol: Novel Drug Actions on the
Nanolevel 536
12.1.5 Pyrethrum: Learning from the Daisy 538
12.2 Biomimetic Nanomaterials 540
12.2.1 Biomimetic Mineral Nanoparticles 541
12.2.2 Shell as a Biomodel 542
12.2.3 Nanoengineering Bone 546
12.2.4 Sponge Fiber Photonics 548
12.2.5 The Lesson of the Lotus?
Nanocon trol of Surfaces 551
12.2.6 Gecko Glue and Other Biomimetic
Nanoadhesives 554
12.2.7 Biomimetic Membranes and Nanocapsules 565
12.2.8 Some Other Biomimetic Materials 567
12.3 Biomimetic Nanoengineering 568
12.3.1 Artificial Muscles 568
12.3.2 Viral Energy Storage 571
12.3.3 Photosynthesis 572
12.3.4 Sensors Based on Biomimetic Moieties 582
12.3.5 Biomimetic Molecular Nanoengines 583
12.4 Conclusion 586
References 587
Problems 603
Chapter 13 Medical Nanotechnology 605
13.0 Introduction to Medical Nanotechnology 607
13.0.1 Definitions: Medicine and Medical
Nanoscience 607
13.0.2 Historical Origins: Medical Breakthroughs 608
13.0.3 Medical Nanoscience: Roots in Medical
Science 611
XV
13.0.4 Future Possibilities for Medical
Nanotechnology: Nanomedicine 612
13.0.5 Putting Medical Nanoscience into Practice:
Medical Nanotechnology 616
13.1 Nanoparticles and Nanoencapsulation
for Medical Applications 617
13.1.1 Nanoparticles for Medical Imaging 618
13.1.2 Nanoparticles for Targeting Cancer Cells 619
13.1.3 Nanoencapsulation for Drug Delivery to
Tumors 620
13.1.4 Nanoencapsulation for Penetration of the
Blood-Brain Barrier 621
13.1.5 Nanoparticles and Nanoencapsulation for
Insulin Delivery 623
13.1.6 Nanoencapsulation for Protection of
Implants from the Immune System 626
13.2 Guiding and Stimulating Tissue
Function and Growth 627
13.2.1 Nanoguides for Neural Growth and Repair 627
13.2.2 Neuronal Stimulation and Monitoring 634
13.2.3 Neurostimulation for Pain and Nervous
Disorders 635
13.2.4 Neuroprosthetics 636
13.2.5 Neuroprosthetics for the Ear 653
13.2.6 Vision Prosthetics 658
13.3 Summary 662
Acknowledgments 663
References 663
Problems 682
Chapter 14 Environmental Nanotechnology 683
14.0 The Environment (and Technology) 684
14.0.1 Background 685
14.0.2 Traditional Methods of Detecting
Environmental Contaminants 686
14.0.3 Types of Environmental Sensors 687
14.0.4 Introduction to Environmental Mitigation 695
14.0.5 National Security and Defense 700
14.0.6 The Nano Perspective 706
14.1 Water and Soil Quality,
Monitoring, and Mitigation 708
14.1.1 Traditional Water Treatment 709
14.1.2 Nanomaterial Contamination in Aqueous
Environments 711
XVI
14.1.3 Activated Carbon?A Simple Traditional
Nanotechnology 713
14.1.4 Membranes and Separation Technology 716
14.1.5 Oil Spills 721
14.1.6 Chemical and Biological Sensors and
Detectors 722
14.2 Air Quality, Monitoring, and Mitigation 722
14.2.1 Gas Separation: Advanced Membrane
Technology 723
14.2.2 C02 Mitigation 726
14.2.3 Hydrogen Production and Purification 727
14.2.4 Chemical Sensing and Detection 728
14.3 Energy 728
14.3.1 Solar Energy and Nano 730
14.3.2 Batteries 739
14.3.3 Hydrogen Production and Storage 742
14.3.4 Fuel Cells 748
14.3.5 Solar Heating and Power Generation 751
14.4 Epilogue 751
14.4.1 SAMMS 752
14.4.2 One More Pass at Hydrogen Storage 753
14.4.3 Concluding Thoughts 755
Acknowledgments 755
References 755
Problems 767
Index 769 |
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| id | DE-604.BV023194957 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:06:03Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:12:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1420048031 9781420048032 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Fundamentals of nanotechnology Gabor L. Hornyak ... Introduction to nanotechnology Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 2009 XXVIII, 780 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Angekündigt u.d.T.: Introduction to nanotechnology This textbook is for the next generation of nanotechnologists. It surveys the field's broad landscape, exploring the physical basics such as nanorheology, nanofluidics, and nanomechanics as well as industrial concerns such as manufacturing, reliability, and safety. The authors then explore the vast range of nanomaterials and systematically outline devices and applications in various industrial sectors. --from publisher description Nanochimie Nanomatériaux - Industrie Nanosciences Nanosystèmes électromécaniques Nanotechnologie Nanoélectronique Nanostructured materials industry Nanotechnology Nanostruktur (DE-588)4204530-7 gnd rswk-swf Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 gnd rswk-swf Nanostruktur (DE-588)4204530-7 s DE-604 Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 s Hornyak, Gabor L. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016381286&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fundamentals of nanotechnology Nanochimie Nanomatériaux - Industrie Nanosciences Nanosystèmes électromécaniques Nanotechnologie Nanoélectronique Nanostructured materials industry Nanotechnology Nanostruktur (DE-588)4204530-7 gnd Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4204530-7 (DE-588)4327470-5 |
| title | Fundamentals of nanotechnology |
| title_alt | Introduction to nanotechnology |
| title_auth | Fundamentals of nanotechnology |
| title_exact_search | Fundamentals of nanotechnology |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Fundamentals of nanotechnology |
| title_full | Fundamentals of nanotechnology Gabor L. Hornyak ... |
| title_fullStr | Fundamentals of nanotechnology Gabor L. Hornyak ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamentals of nanotechnology Gabor L. Hornyak ... |
| title_short | Fundamentals of nanotechnology |
| title_sort | fundamentals of nanotechnology |
| topic | Nanochimie Nanomatériaux - Industrie Nanosciences Nanosystèmes électromécaniques Nanotechnologie Nanoélectronique Nanostructured materials industry Nanotechnology Nanostruktur (DE-588)4204530-7 gnd Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nanochimie Nanomatériaux - Industrie Nanosciences Nanosystèmes électromécaniques Nanotechnologie Nanoélectronique Nanostructured materials industry Nanotechnology Nanostruktur |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016381286&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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