"Monachijska menażeria": walka z Radiem Wolna Europa 1950 - 1989
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Polish |
Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej
2007
|
Schriftenreihe: | Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
33 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
Beschreibung: | 442 S. Ill., [36] S. 22 cm |
ISBN: | 9788360464441 |
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500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
505 | 0 | |a Bibliogr. s. 417-431. Indeks | |
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610 | 1 | 7 | |a Radio Free Europe / Rozgłośnia Polska / i Polska |2 jhpk |
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650 | 7 | |a Opór wobec władzy / Polska / 1945-1990 |2 jhpk | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text |
SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
. 7
1.
Radio Wolna Europa: geneza i miejsce w zimnej wojnie
. 26
Radio jako instrument polityki zagranicznej i propagandy
. 26
Zimna wojna na falach radiowych
. 33
Początki Wolnej Europy
. 38
Sekcja polska Radia Wolna Europa
. 41
Od Józefa Światły do „partyzantów"
. 50
Wojna psychologiczna, gradualizm, CIA
. 57
2.
Stalinizm:
1950-1956. 72
Zagłuszanie
. 72
Ograniczanie zakresu fal w radioodbiornikach
. 79
Represje wobec słuchaczy zagranicznych rozgłośni
. 81
Ataki propagandowe
. 88
„Za kulisami bezpieki i partii"
. 94
„Wojna balonowa"
. 95
Początek działań operacyjnych
. 102
Sprawa Zbigniewa Brydaka
. 106
„Kampania repatriacyjna"
. 113
3.
Epoka Gomułki:
1956-1970. 122
Połowiczna odwilż
. 122
„Zardzewiały gwóźdź" w stosunkach polsko-amerykańskich
. 126
Koniec odwilży. Represje wobec krajowych współpracowników
„dywersji"
. 131
List
34. 134
Proces Melchiora Wańkowicza
. 136
Obraz wroga
. 138
Harcerze, zawody sportowe, „socjalistyczna anty-Wolna Europa"
. 146
.Ankieterzy" z
SB.
Badania sondażowe
. 152
Ofensywa Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych
. 155
Współpraca z
KGB
. 169
Działania operacyjne za granicą. Agentura
. 174
Sprawa Wiktora Trościanki
. 199
Raport z Monachium
. 210
Wojsko w walce z Radiem Wolna Europa
. 218
4.
Operacja „Olcha". Służba Bezpieczeństwa przeciwko krajowym
współpracownikom Radia Wolna Europa
. 225
Konspiracji ciąg dalszy
. 226
Pierwszy trop: adwokatura
. 230
W poszukiwaniu „kanałów przerzutowych"
. 233
Nieustająca obserwacja
. 236
Aresztowania
. 239
Śledztwo
. 241
Polowanie z nagonką
. 243
Roztrwoniony
trad SB
. 253
5.
Epoka Gierka.
Detente
i wielkie uderzenie w Radio
Wolna Europa:
1971-1975. 260
Nowe kierownictwo, stary wróg
. 260
„Powrót" Czechowicza
. 269
W sukurs
Ostpolitik
i senatorowi Fulbrightowi
. 278
Ataki propagandowe, akcje „dezinformacyjne" i „dezintegracyjne"
. 287
Detente
i walka z „dywersją"
. 301
6.
Od Helsinek do upadku komunizmu:
1975-1989. 311
Helsinki przeciwko Wolnej Europie
. 311
Współpraca bloku radzieckiego w zwalczaniu Radia Wolna Europa
. 313
Od narodzin opozycji do stanu wojennego
. 323
Stan wojenny i „normalizacja"
. 335
Kontrpropaganda. Jerzy Urban przeciwko Wolnej Europie
. 342
Wyrok śmierci na Zdzisława Najdera
. 351
Działania operacyjne MSW. Powrót Gontarczyków
. 362
Aresztowanie i proces Józefa Szaniawskiego
. 380
Ostatnie lata PRL
. 390
Zakończenie
. 403
Summary
. 412
Wykaz skrótów
. 414
Bibliografia
. 417
Indeks osób
. 432
SUMMARY
The book by
Paweł Machcewicz
represents a story of fight against Radio Free
Europe, which was led for
40
years by the communist system. The author analyses
it on two dimensions. On one side, the struggle during "cold war" confrontation
between the West and the Soviet block, focusing on the rivalry in the spheres
of information, ideology and culture. The second dimension is the inner world
of communist dictatorships, which were trying to gain and keep reign over the
minds of their citizens, circulation of information and ideas and limit or eliminate
outer influence. They were a threat to the stability of the system. As a result Radio
Free Europe and other Western stations were treated by the rulers not only as an
outer enemy, but also as a threat from inside, e.g. inspiration for local opposition
or simply for attitudes against political and ideological orthodoxy.
The history of struggle against the foreign "ideological diversion" (as it was
called in the official language from the beginning of the 1960's) tells a lot about
the changing level of openness of the communist Poland towards contacts with the
West and about rulers who tried to create a closed system, completely controlled
by them. Finally, this is a part of history of the Soviet block, as a fight against foreign
radio stations and
-
in a wider aspect
-
influence of Western countries was led by
all of the countries belonging to it. There are similarities and differences between
these countries based on the above, as well as the co-operation and mechanisms
of dependency on Moscow.
The history of the fight against Radio Free Europe is a significant illustration
of non-sovereignty of communist Poland. In
1950
the decision of blocking the
Western radio programs broadcasted in Polish was taken by the USSR government
without any consultations with the Polish party. This was supervised by Soviet
specialists. From
1956
to
1970
Polish programs of RFE were being jammed not
from the territory of Poland, but from the USSR. The decision of ceasing the
jamming taken by leaders of communist Poland in
1987
had to be accepted by the
Kremlin.
For more than
40
years of its existence the communist system was undergoing an
important evolution. The scale of its repressions, direction of the official propaganda
and its role in mobilizing the society and legitimizing the rulers, the dependence
412
of Polish communists on Moscow, attitude towards the Roman Catholic church,
national tradition, non-collective farming
-
all these aspects were changing through
the years. However, throughout the
1950-1
980's, one of the main unchangeable
enemies of the system was Radio Free Europe. It was fought with using various
means
-
propaganda attacks, jamming and repressions against people co-operating
with the Radio, and even
-
in the Stalin era
-
against those who only listen to the
Radio, finally, using security means to try and infiltrate the Munich team, recruit
agents in there, cause inner conflicts, discredit people who were most important for
the Polish Section of Radio Free Europe.
In different periods the intensity of various ways of counteraction changed,
some means were used more often
-
e.g. in the first years of the 1950's people
collectively listening to RFE were sent to work camps
-
to become less important in
the later times, e.g. in the
Gomułka
period, foreign stations were not being jammed
from the territory of Poland. In the 1970's the secret services activities, which were
aimed at discrediting of the Radio Free Europe in the eyes of public opinion of
the USA and FRG, were very intensive. Their target was to close the station or at
least to remove it from the territory of West Germany. One of the elements of such
activities was on one hand a large propaganda campaign connected with
Andrzej
Czechowcz, an agent of the Ministry of Interior in the Munich radio team, who
came back to Poland, and on the other hand
-
disinformation and "disintegration"
activities aimed at the Polish section of the Radio Free Europe, especially its long-
term director
Jan Nowak-
Jeziorański,
who was accused of collaboration with the
Nazis during the Second World War.
In fighting against Radio Free Europe and other Western stations communist
party structures, as well as the army, diplomacy and mass media were engaged.
Paweł Machcewicz
presents mechanisms of activity and correlation between all
of these institutions and environment. He uses in his book documents created by
them, including newly accessible documents of the security apparatus, e.g. civil
and military intelligence. In addition, he shows the background of the propaganda
activities and inspiring journalists by the security service. One of the important
sources used in the book are accounts garnered by me author, both from the people
creating the Polish section of the RFE (i.e. its directors) and the people from "the
other side"
-
those fighting with the radio.
transi.
Anna Madej |
adam_txt |
SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
. 7
1.
Radio Wolna Europa: geneza i miejsce w zimnej wojnie
. 26
Radio jako instrument polityki zagranicznej i propagandy
. 26
Zimna wojna na falach radiowych
. 33
Początki Wolnej Europy
. 38
Sekcja polska Radia Wolna Europa
. 41
Od Józefa Światły do „partyzantów"
. 50
Wojna psychologiczna, gradualizm, CIA
. 57
2.
Stalinizm:
1950-1956. 72
Zagłuszanie
. 72
Ograniczanie zakresu fal w radioodbiornikach
. 79
Represje wobec słuchaczy zagranicznych rozgłośni
. 81
Ataki propagandowe
. 88
„Za kulisami bezpieki i partii"
. 94
„Wojna balonowa"
. 95
Początek działań operacyjnych
. 102
Sprawa Zbigniewa Brydaka
. 106
„Kampania repatriacyjna"
. 113
3.
Epoka Gomułki:
1956-1970. 122
Połowiczna odwilż
. 122
„Zardzewiały gwóźdź" w stosunkach polsko-amerykańskich
. 126
Koniec odwilży. Represje wobec krajowych współpracowników
„dywersji"
. 131
List
34. 134
Proces Melchiora Wańkowicza
. 136
Obraz wroga
. 138
Harcerze, zawody sportowe, „socjalistyczna anty-Wolna Europa"
. 146
.Ankieterzy" z
SB.
Badania sondażowe
. 152
Ofensywa Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych
. 155
Współpraca z
KGB
. 169
Działania operacyjne za granicą. Agentura
. 174
Sprawa Wiktora Trościanki
. 199
Raport z Monachium
. 210
Wojsko w walce z Radiem Wolna Europa
. 218
4.
Operacja „Olcha". Służba Bezpieczeństwa przeciwko krajowym
współpracownikom Radia Wolna Europa
. 225
Konspiracji ciąg dalszy
. 226
Pierwszy trop: adwokatura
. 230
W poszukiwaniu „kanałów przerzutowych"
. 233
Nieustająca obserwacja
. 236
Aresztowania
. 239
Śledztwo
. 241
Polowanie z nagonką
. 243
Roztrwoniony
trad SB
. 253
5.
Epoka Gierka.
Detente
i wielkie uderzenie w Radio
Wolna Europa:
1971-1975. 260
Nowe kierownictwo, stary wróg
. 260
„Powrót" Czechowicza
. 269
W sukurs
Ostpolitik
i senatorowi Fulbrightowi
. 278
Ataki propagandowe, akcje „dezinformacyjne" i „dezintegracyjne"
. 287
Detente
i walka z „dywersją"
. 301
6.
Od Helsinek do upadku komunizmu:
1975-1989. 311
Helsinki przeciwko Wolnej Europie
. 311
Współpraca bloku radzieckiego w zwalczaniu Radia Wolna Europa
. 313
Od narodzin opozycji do stanu wojennego
. 323
Stan wojenny i „normalizacja"
. 335
Kontrpropaganda. Jerzy Urban przeciwko Wolnej Europie
. 342
Wyrok śmierci na Zdzisława Najdera
. 351
Działania operacyjne MSW. Powrót Gontarczyków
. 362
Aresztowanie i proces Józefa Szaniawskiego
. 380
Ostatnie lata PRL
. 390
Zakończenie
. 403
Summary
. 412
Wykaz skrótów
. 414
Bibliografia
. 417
Indeks osób
. 432
SUMMARY
The book by
Paweł Machcewicz
represents a story of fight against Radio Free
Europe, which was led for
40
years by the communist system. The author analyses
it on two dimensions. On one side, the struggle during "cold war" confrontation
between the West and the Soviet block, focusing on the rivalry in the spheres
of information, ideology and culture. The second dimension is the inner world
of communist dictatorships, which were trying to gain and keep reign over the
minds of their citizens, circulation of information and ideas and limit or eliminate
outer influence. They were a threat to the stability of the system. As a result Radio
Free Europe and other Western stations were treated by the rulers not only as an
outer enemy, but also as a threat from inside, e.g. inspiration for local opposition
or simply for attitudes against political and ideological orthodoxy.
The history of struggle against the foreign "ideological diversion" (as it was
called in the official language from the beginning of the 1960's) tells a lot about
the changing level of openness of the communist Poland towards contacts with the
West and about rulers who tried to create a closed system, completely controlled
by them. Finally, this is a part of history of the Soviet block, as a fight against foreign
radio stations and
-
in a wider aspect
-
influence of Western countries was led by
all of the countries belonging to it. There are similarities and differences between
these countries based on the above, as well as the co-operation and mechanisms
of dependency on Moscow.
The history of the fight against Radio Free Europe is a significant illustration
of non-sovereignty of communist Poland. In
1950
the decision of blocking the
Western radio programs broadcasted in Polish was taken by the USSR government
without any consultations with the Polish party. This was supervised by Soviet
specialists. From
1956
to
1970
Polish programs of RFE were being jammed not
from the territory of Poland, but from the USSR. The decision of ceasing the
jamming taken by leaders of communist Poland in
1987
had to be accepted by the
Kremlin.
For more than
40
years of its existence the communist system was undergoing an
important evolution. The scale of its repressions, direction of the official propaganda
and its role in mobilizing the society and legitimizing the rulers, the dependence
412
of Polish communists on Moscow, attitude towards the Roman Catholic church,
national tradition, non-collective farming
-
all these aspects were changing through
the years. However, throughout the
1950-1
980's, one of the main unchangeable
enemies of the system was Radio Free Europe. It was fought with using various
means
-
propaganda attacks, jamming and repressions against people co-operating
with the Radio, and even
-
in the Stalin era
-
against those who only listen to the
Radio, finally, using security means to try and infiltrate the Munich team, recruit
agents in there, cause inner conflicts, discredit people who were most important for
the Polish Section of Radio Free Europe.
In different periods the intensity of various ways of counteraction changed,
some means were used more often
-
e.g. in the first years of the 1950's people
collectively listening to RFE were sent to work camps
-
to become less important in
the later times, e.g. in the
Gomułka
period, foreign stations were not being jammed
from the territory of Poland. In the 1970's the secret services activities, which were
aimed at discrediting of the Radio Free Europe in the eyes of public opinion of
the USA and FRG, were very intensive. Their target was to close the station or at
least to remove it from the territory of West Germany. One of the elements of such
activities was on one hand a large propaganda campaign connected with
Andrzej
Czechowcz, an agent of the Ministry of Interior in the Munich radio team, who
came back to Poland, and on the other hand
-
disinformation and "disintegration"
activities aimed at the Polish section of the Radio Free Europe, especially its long-
term director
Jan Nowak-
Jeziorański,
who was accused of collaboration with the
Nazis during the Second World War.
In fighting against Radio Free Europe and other Western stations communist
party structures, as well as the army, diplomacy and mass media were engaged.
Paweł Machcewicz
presents mechanisms of activity and correlation between all
of these institutions and environment. He uses in his book documents created by
them, including newly accessible documents of the security apparatus, e.g. civil
and military intelligence. In addition, he shows the background of the propaganda
activities and inspiring journalists by the security service. One of the important
sources used in the book are accounts garnered by me author, both from the people
creating the Polish section of the RFE (i.e. its directors) and the people from "the
other side"
-
those fighting with the radio.
transi.
Anna Madej |
any_adam_object | 1 |
any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
author | Machcewicz, Paweł 1966- |
author_GND | (DE-588)129102644 |
author_facet | Machcewicz, Paweł 1966- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Machcewicz, Paweł 1966- |
author_variant | p m pm |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV023188644 |
contents | Bibliogr. s. 417-431. Indeks |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)189647884 (DE-599)BVBBV023188644 |
era | Geschichte 1950-1989 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1950-1989 |
format | Book |
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geographic | Polska / polityka i rządy / 1945-1990 jhpk Polska - polityka i rządy - 1945-1990 jhpk Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
geographic_facet | Polska / polityka i rządy / 1945-1990 Polska - polityka i rządy - 1945-1990 Polen |
id | DE-604.BV023188644 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-02T20:03:58Z |
indexdate | 2024-07-20T06:47:55Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9788360464441 |
language | Polish |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016375076 |
oclc_num | 189647884 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-M352 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-M352 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
physical | 442 S. Ill., [36] S. 22 cm |
publishDate | 2007 |
publishDateSearch | 2007 |
publishDateSort | 2007 |
publisher | Instytut Pamięci Narodowej |
record_format | marc |
series2 | Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |
spelling | Machcewicz, Paweł 1966- Verfasser (DE-588)129102644 aut "Monachijska menażeria" walka z Radiem Wolna Europa 1950 - 1989 Paweł Machcewicz ; Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu ; Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN. Warszawa Instytut Pamięci Narodowej 2007 442 S. Ill., [36] S. 22 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu 33 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Bibliogr. s. 417-431. Indeks Radio Free Europe / Rozgłośnia Polska jhpk Radio Free Europe / Rozgłośnia Polska / i Polska jhpk Radio Free Europe - Rozgłośnia Polska - i Polska jhpk Radio Free Europe - Rozgłośnia Polska jhpk Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty Polish Broadcasting Department (DE-588)1236448-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1950-1989 gnd rswk-swf Propaganda komunistyczna / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Opór wobec władzy / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Opór wobec władzy - Polska - 1945-1990 jhpk Propaganda komunistyczna - Polska - 1945-1990 jhpk Polska / polityka i rządy / 1945-1990 jhpk Polska - polityka i rządy - 1945-1990 jhpk Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty Polish Broadcasting Department (DE-588)1236448-4 b Geschichte 1950-1989 z DE-604 Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu Monografie 33 (DE-604)BV017143574 33 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016375076&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016375076&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
spellingShingle | Machcewicz, Paweł 1966- "Monachijska menażeria" walka z Radiem Wolna Europa 1950 - 1989 Bibliogr. s. 417-431. Indeks Radio Free Europe / Rozgłośnia Polska jhpk Radio Free Europe / Rozgłośnia Polska / i Polska jhpk Radio Free Europe - Rozgłośnia Polska - i Polska jhpk Radio Free Europe - Rozgłośnia Polska jhpk Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty Polish Broadcasting Department (DE-588)1236448-4 gnd Propaganda komunistyczna / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Opór wobec władzy / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Opór wobec władzy - Polska - 1945-1990 jhpk Propaganda komunistyczna - Polska - 1945-1990 jhpk |
subject_GND | (DE-588)1236448-4 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
title | "Monachijska menażeria" walka z Radiem Wolna Europa 1950 - 1989 |
title_auth | "Monachijska menażeria" walka z Radiem Wolna Europa 1950 - 1989 |
title_exact_search | "Monachijska menażeria" walka z Radiem Wolna Europa 1950 - 1989 |
title_exact_search_txtP | "Monachijska menażeria" walka z Radiem Wolna Europa 1950 - 1989 |
title_full | "Monachijska menażeria" walka z Radiem Wolna Europa 1950 - 1989 Paweł Machcewicz ; Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu ; Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN. |
title_fullStr | "Monachijska menażeria" walka z Radiem Wolna Europa 1950 - 1989 Paweł Machcewicz ; Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu ; Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN. |
title_full_unstemmed | "Monachijska menażeria" walka z Radiem Wolna Europa 1950 - 1989 Paweł Machcewicz ; Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu ; Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN. |
title_short | "Monachijska menażeria" |
title_sort | monachijska menazeria walka z radiem wolna europa 1950 1989 |
title_sub | walka z Radiem Wolna Europa 1950 - 1989 |
topic | Radio Free Europe / Rozgłośnia Polska jhpk Radio Free Europe / Rozgłośnia Polska / i Polska jhpk Radio Free Europe - Rozgłośnia Polska - i Polska jhpk Radio Free Europe - Rozgłośnia Polska jhpk Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty Polish Broadcasting Department (DE-588)1236448-4 gnd Propaganda komunistyczna / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Opór wobec władzy / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Opór wobec władzy - Polska - 1945-1990 jhpk Propaganda komunistyczna - Polska - 1945-1990 jhpk |
topic_facet | Radio Free Europe / Rozgłośnia Polska Radio Free Europe / Rozgłośnia Polska / i Polska Radio Free Europe - Rozgłośnia Polska - i Polska Radio Free Europe - Rozgłośnia Polska Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty Polish Broadcasting Department Propaganda komunistyczna / Polska / 1945-1990 Opór wobec władzy / Polska / 1945-1990 Opór wobec władzy - Polska - 1945-1990 Propaganda komunistyczna - Polska - 1945-1990 Polska / polityka i rządy / 1945-1990 Polska - polityka i rządy - 1945-1990 Polen |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016375076&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016375076&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV017143574 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT machcewiczpaweł monachijskamenazeriawalkazradiemwolnaeuropa19501989 |