Emerging protozoan pathogens:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY [u.a.]
Taylor & Francis
2008
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 510 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780415428644 0415428645 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Emerging protozoan pathogens |c ed. by Naveed Ahmed Khan |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York, NY [u.a.] |b Taylor & Francis |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 510 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Protozoa, Pathogenic | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Protozoan diseases | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Emerging infectious diseases | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Protozoan Infections |x physiopathology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Host-Parasite Relations | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Opportunistic Infections | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Protozoa |x pathogenicity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Protozoan Infections |x therapy | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Protozoen |0 (DE-588)4132686-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Protozoonose |0 (DE-588)4194854-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Pathogenität |0 (DE-588)4205990-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |a Aufsatzsammlung |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Protozoen |0 (DE-588)4132686-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Pathogenität |0 (DE-588)4205990-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Protozoen |0 (DE-588)4132686-6 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Protozoonose |0 (DE-588)4194854-3 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-188 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Khan, Naveed Ahmed |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016369927&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016369927 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137451826970625 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Contributors
XV
Introduction
xvii
A. Amoebae
1
ΑΙ.
Acanthamoeba spp.
3
1.
Introduction
4
2.
Discovery of Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae
4
3.
Acanthamoeba spp.
5
3.1
Ecological distribution
7
3.2
Biology
8
3.3
Motility
10
3.4
Life cycle
10
3.5
Feeding
14
3.6
Acanthamoeba genome
16
3.7
Methods of isolation
16
3.8
Methods of encystment
18
3.9
Storage
oí
Acanthamoeba
18
3.10
Classification
οι
Acanthamoeba
19
3.11
Human infections
21
4.
Acanthamoeba
Keratitis
21
4.1
Epidemiology
23
4.2
Pathophysiology
24
4.3
Clinical diagnosis
24
4.4
Host susceptibility
26
4.5
Risk factors
26
4.6
Treatment
30
5.
Acanthamoeba Granulomatous Encephalitis
30
5.1
Epidemiology
31
5.2
Pathophysiology
33
5.3
Diagnosis
33
5.4
Host susceptibility
35
5.5
Risk factors
35
5.6
Treatment
36
6.
Cutaneous Acanthamebiasis
36
7.
Pathogenesis
37
7.1
Contact-dependent factors
37
7.2
Ecto-ATPases
42
7.3
Contact-indenendent factors
42
vi
Contents
A2.
3.
Indirect Virulence
Factors
45
8.1
Morphology
45
8.2
Temperature tolerance and osmotolerance
46
8.3
Growth at different
pH
46
8.4
Phenotypic switching
46
8.5
Drug resistance
47
8.6
Ubiquity
48
8.7
Biofilms
48
8.8
Host factors
49
э.
Immune Response
49
9.1
Acanthamoeba
keratitis
and the immune
response
50
9.2
AGE and the immune response
51
10.
Acanthamoeba and Bacteria Interactions
52
10.1
Acanthamoeba as bacterial predators
53
10.2
Acanthamoeba as bacterial reservoirs
53
10.3
Acanthamoeba as bacterial Trojan horse
54
11.
Conclusions
55
12.
Acknowledgments
55
13.
References
56
Balamuthia mandrillaris
71
1.
Introduction
72
2.
Taxonomy
72
3.
Life Cycle
73
4.
Cultivation
78
4.1
Growth on tissue culture cells
78
4.2
Axenic growth
78
5.
Ecology
80
5.1
Isolation from soil
80
5.2
Are all strains of Balamuthia pathogenic?
81
5.3
Amoebae as bacterial hosts
81
6.
Physiology
81
7.
Molecular Biology of Balamuthia
82
8.
Mechanisms of Pathogenesis
82
8.1
Cytopathology
82
8.2
Enzymatic potential
83
9.
Infection and Disease
83
9.1
Animal model of disease
84
9.2
Portals of entry
85
9.3
The Balamuthia paradox
86
9.4
Groups or individuals at risk
87
Contents
vii
9.5 Immunocompromised versus
immunocompetent
hosts
87
9.6
Hispanic Americans
87
9.7
Disease in animals
92
10.
Balamuthiasis: Nature of the Disease
92
10.1
Central nervous system disease
92
10.2
Cutaneous disease
94
11.
Balamuthiasis at Presentation
94
11.1
CNS disease
94
11.2
Cutaneous disease
96
12.
Pathophysiology
96
13.
Epidemiology
96
13.1
Balamuthia antibodies in humans
96
13.2
Balamuthiasis in populations
97
13.3
Prevention
98
14.
Diagnosis
98
14.1
Gross pathology
98
14.2
Basic pathology
99
14.3
Antigen detection: indirect immunofluorescent
staining of tissue sections
100
14.4
Clinical recognition
100
14.5
Neuroimaging
101
14.6
Molecular techniques: the polymerase chain
reaction
102
14.7
Cultivation as a diagnostic method
105
15.
Host Response
105
15.1
Mobilization of the immune system
105
15.2
Antibody production and detection:
fluorescent antibody staining
105
16.
Antimicrobial Therapy
106
16.1
What works: clinical successes
107
16.2
What may work: in vitro drug testing
110
17.
Overview, Conclusions and Questions
111
18.
Acknowledgments
112
19.
References
112
A3. Naegleria fowleri
119
1.
Introduction
120
2.
Morphology of Naegleria
121
3.
Pathosenicitv and Virulence Factors
124
4.
Ecology and Methods of Detection from
Environmental Sources
125
viii Contents
A4.
Bl.
5.
Clinical Presentation of Primary Amoebic
Meningoencephalitis
129
6.
Diagnostic Techniques
130
7.
Treatment and Therapeutic Agents
132
8.
Host-Parasite Interactions
136
9.
Immunity
136
10.
Pathogens Associated with Naegleria
140
11.
Summary and Conclusions
141
12.
Acknowledgments
141
13.
References
141
Blastocystis spp.
153
1.
Introduction
154
2.
Taxonomy and Speciation
155
3.
Cryptic, Extensive Genetic Diversity
157
4.
Morphology
158
5.
Programmed Cell Death
163
6.
Life Cycle
163
7.
Laboratory Culture
164
8.
Clinical Aspects
166
8.1
Epidemiology and prevalence
166
8.2
Infection and disease
168
8.3
Diagnosis and treatment
171
9.
Concluding Remarks
174
10.
Acknowledgments
175
11.
References
175
Vpk
romplexans
191
Cryptosporidium spp.
193
1.
Introduction
194
2.
An Emerging Disease
194
3.
The Apicomplexa
196
4.
Cryptosporidium spp.
198
5.
Ecological Distribution
200
6.
Life Cycle
201
7.
Cell Biology
202
8.
Methods of Isolation
204
9.
Oocyst Storage
206
10.
Methods for Excystation
206
11.
Laboratory Cultivation
206
12.
Classification and Genotvoine
207
Contents ¡x
13.
Infection
and Disease
208
13.1
Epidemiology
208
13.2
Risk factors
209
13.3
Clinical diagnosis
210
13.4
Host susceptibility
211
13.5
Pathophysiology
211
13.6
Treatment
212
14.
Opportunistic Infections
214
15.
Virulence Factors
215
16.
Host Factors
216
17.
Drug Targets and Development
218
18.
Conclusions
218
19.
References
219
В2.
Toxoplasma gonďii
227
1.
Introduction
228
2.
Discovery and Taxonomy
228
3.
Life Cycle
229
4.
Cell Organization
231
4.1
Trimembrane pellicle
232
4.2
Cytoskeletal network
232
4.3
Surface antigens
233
4.4
Organelles and secretory proteins
234
4.5
Apicoplast and fatty acid synthesis
235
5.
Differences Between the Infective Stages
235
5.1
Ultrastructural
differences
236
5.2
Metabolic differences
237
6.
Developmental Processes and Host-Parasite
Relationship
237
6.1
Parasitophorous
vacuole
237
6.2
Tissue cyst
238
6.3
Oocyst
239
7.
Markers for Identification of Stage
239
8.
Genomic Organization
242
9.
Genetic Diversity, Population Structure
and Phylogeny
243
9.1
Markers and tools for analyzing
genetic diversity
243
9.2
Toxoplasma population structure
244
10.
Epidemiology
248
10.1
Environmental reservoir
249
10.2
Animal reservoir
252
χ
Contents
11. Pathogenesis
and Immunology of Toxoplasma
253
gondii Infection
11.1
Parasitic factors
254
11.2
Dissemination into the host
257
11.3
Immune response
258
11.4
Relationship between Toxoplasma and
the central nervous system
259
11.5
Conclusions about pathogenesis
and immunology
260
12.
Human Toxoplasmosis
260
12.1
Epidemiology
260
12.2
Clinical aspects of human toxoplasmosis
263
13.
Diagnosis
266
13.1
Serological diagnosis
266
13.2
Parasite detection
267
14.
Treatment
268
14.1
Anti-Toxoplasma drugs
268
14.2
Drug Resistance of Toxoplasma gondii
ZIA
14.3
Conclusions about anti-Toxoplasma drugs
274
14.4
Therapeutics
275
15.
Conclusions
278
16.
Acknowledgments
279
17.
References
279
B3. Isospora (Cystoisospora) belli
289
1.
Introduction
290
2.
Classification
290
3.
Life Cycle and Morphology
290
4.
Clinical Disease
291
5.
Pathogenesis
296
6.
Diagnosis
296
6.1
Key points
-
laboratory diagnosis
298
7.
Treatment
298
8.
Epidemiology and Prevention
299
9.
References
300
B4. Babesia microti
303
1.
Introduction
304
2.
Taxonomy
304
3.
Life Cycle
308
4.
Vector Relations
309
5.
Host Relations
314
Contents
xi
5.1
Course
of
infection
314
5.2
Resistance mechanisms
315
5.3
Co-infection and immunomodulation
317
5.4
Persistence of infection
318
6.
Zoonotic Babesiosis
319
7.
Clinical Manifestations
320
8.
Pathogenesis
321
9.
Diagnostic Features
322
10.
Treatment with Antimicrobials
324
11.
Epidemiology
326
11.1
Emergence of the pathogen
326
11.2
Prevalence
329
11.3
Neonatal babesiosis
329
11.4
Geographical distribution
330
11.5
Molecular epidemiology
331
11.6
Risk factors for infection
332
11.7
Risk factors for disease
333
12.
Prevention and Control
335
13.
Conclusions
336
14.
References
336
C. Ciliates
351
С
I
.
Balantidium
coli
353
1.
Introduction
354
2.
Classification
354
3.
Life Cycle and Morphology
354
4.
Clinical Disease
356
5.
Pathogenesis
358
6.
Diagnosis
359
6.1
Key points
-
laboratory diagnosis
360
7.
Treatment
361
8.
Epidemiology and Prevention
361
9.
References
364
D. Flagellates
367
D
I
.
Diplomonadida
-
Gardia spp.
369
1.
Introduction
370
2.
History of Discovery
371
3.
Taxonomy
371
4.
Ecological Distribution
372
xii
Emerging Protozoan Pathogens
5.
Life Cycle
372
6.
Biology
374
6.1
Organelles
374
6.2
Nuclei
374
6.3
Median body and
flagella
375
6.4
Ventral adhesive disk and ventrolateral flange
376
6.5
Mitosomes
378
6.6
Lysosome-like vesicles (peripheral vesicles)
380
6.7
Genome
380
6.8
Transcription
381
6.9
Giardiavirus
381
7.
Metabolism
381
7.1 Purines
and pyrimidines
381
7.2
Amino
acids
382
7.3
Lipids
383
7.4
Carbohydrate and partial tricarboxylic acid
cycle components
384
8.
Differentiation
384
8.1
Encystment (encystation)
384
8.2
Cyst-wall structure
386
8.3
Cyst-wall synthesis
387
8.4
Excystation
391
9.
Methods of Isolation and Axenic Cultivation
392
10.
Storage of Giardia
393
11.
Giardiasis
393
11.1
Epidemiology
393
11.2
Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations
394
11.3
Diagnosis
395
11.4
Treatment
395
11.5
Control of waterborne giardiasis
396
11.6
Antigenic variation and variable
surface proteins
397
11.7
Immune response and therapy
397
12.
Conclusions
398
13.
References
399
D2.
Trichomonas
vaginalis
4
1 I
1.
Introduction
412
2.
Historical Perspective
412
3.
Morphology and Life Cycle
413
4.
Classification
414
5.
Clinical Symptoms
415
6.
Culture and Detection of T.
vaginalis
416
Contents xiii
7.
Epidemiology
418
8.
Pathobiology and Models
of Host-Parasite
Interactions
420
8.1
Lipids and glycoconjugates
421
8.2
T.
vaginalis
lipophosphoglycan
424
8.3
Other adhesion molecules
426
8.4
T.
vaginalis
cytopathogenic effects
427
8.5
Τ
vaginalis
proteases
429
8.6
T.
vaginalis
and host-cell apoptosis
432
8.7
T.
vaginalis
lipophosphoglycan and cytokine
regulation
435
9.
Current Drug Strategies
438
9.1
Purine
metabolism in T.
vaginalis
438
10.
Treatment of Infection
438
11.
Conclusion
440
12.
Acknowledgments
441
13.
References
441
E. Protozoan Pathogens of Major Medical
Importance
457
1.
Entamoeba histolytica
458
2.
Plasmodium spp.
458
3.
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/Trypanosoma
brucei rhodesiense
458
4.
Trypanosoma
cruzi
459
5.
Leishmania tropicalLeishmania major
460
6.
Leishmania donovani
460
F. Protozoan Biology
461
1.
Introduction
2.
Cellular Properties
3.
Classification
3.1
Phylum Mastigophora
3.2
Phylum Ciliophora
3.3
Phylum
Sarcodina
3.4
Phylum Apicomplexa
3.5
Parabasala
3.6
Cercozoa
3.7
Radiolaria
3.8
Amoebozoa
3.9
Alveolata
462
462
463
463
464
465
465
465
465
465
465
467
xiv
Emerging Protozoan Pathogens
3.10
Diplomonadida
467
3.11
Euglenozoa
467
3.12
Stramenopila
467
4.
Locomotion
467
4.1
Pseudopodia
468
4.2
Cilia and flagella
468
4.3
Gliding movements
468
4.4
Locomotory proteins
468
5.
Feeding
469
5.1
Metabolism
470
6.
Reproduction
472
6.1
Asexual reproduction
472
6.2
Sexual reproduction
473
7.
Life Cycle
474
7.1
Plasmodium spp.
474
7.2
Trypanosoma brucei
476
7.3
Trypanosoma
cruzi
477
7.4
Leishmania spp.
478
G. Host Response
479
1.
2.
3.
Human Defense Mechanisms
480
1.1
Nonspecific immune responses
480
1.2
Specific immune responses
484
Parasite Strategies of Immune Evasion
487
2.1
Noninduction of immune responses
488
2.2
Anatomical seclusion
488
2.3
Mechanisms of survival in
macrophages
488
2.4
Antigenic variation
489
2.5
Host mimicry
489
2.6
Evasion of complement
490
2.7
Evasion of antibodies
490
2.8
Interference with host immune
signaling molecules
490
Strategies Against Protozoa Pathogens
490
3.1
Vaccines
491
3.2
Chemotherapy
493
3.3
Control measures
496
Index
497
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Contributors
XV
Introduction
xvii
A. Amoebae
1
ΑΙ.
Acanthamoeba spp.
3
1.
Introduction
4
2.
Discovery of Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae
4
3.
Acanthamoeba spp.
5
3.1
Ecological distribution
7
3.2
Biology
8
3.3
Motility
10
3.4
Life cycle
10
3.5
Feeding
14
3.6
Acanthamoeba genome
16
3.7
Methods of isolation
16
3.8
Methods of encystment
18
3.9
Storage
oí
Acanthamoeba
18
3.10
Classification
οι
Acanthamoeba
19
3.11
Human infections
21
4.
Acanthamoeba
Keratitis
21
4.1
Epidemiology
23
4.2
Pathophysiology
24
4.3
Clinical diagnosis
24
4.4
Host susceptibility
26
4.5
Risk factors
26
4.6
Treatment
30
5.
Acanthamoeba Granulomatous Encephalitis
30
5.1
Epidemiology
31
5.2
Pathophysiology
33
5.3
Diagnosis
33
5.4
Host susceptibility
35
5.5
Risk factors
35
5.6
Treatment
36
6.
Cutaneous Acanthamebiasis
36
7.
Pathogenesis
37
7.1
Contact-dependent factors
37
7.2
Ecto-ATPases
42
7.3
Contact-indenendent factors
42
vi
Contents
A2.
3.
Indirect Virulence
Factors
45
8.1
Morphology
45
8.2
Temperature tolerance and osmotolerance
46
8.3
Growth at different
pH
46
8.4
Phenotypic switching
46
8.5
Drug resistance
47
8.6
Ubiquity
48
8.7
Biofilms
48
8.8
Host factors
49
э.
Immune Response
49
9.1
Acanthamoeba
keratitis
and the immune
response
50
9.2
AGE and the immune response
51
10.
Acanthamoeba and Bacteria Interactions
52
10.1
Acanthamoeba as bacterial predators
53
10.2
Acanthamoeba as bacterial reservoirs
53
10.3
Acanthamoeba as bacterial Trojan horse
54
11.
Conclusions
55
12.
Acknowledgments
55
13.
References
56
Balamuthia mandrillaris
71
1.
Introduction
72
2.
Taxonomy
72
3.
Life Cycle
73
4.
Cultivation
78
4.1
Growth on tissue culture cells
78
4.2
Axenic growth
78
5.
Ecology
80
5.1
Isolation from soil
80
5.2
Are all strains of Balamuthia pathogenic?
81
5.3
Amoebae as bacterial hosts
81
6.
Physiology
81
7.
Molecular Biology of Balamuthia
82
8.
Mechanisms of Pathogenesis
82
8.1
Cytopathology
82
8.2
Enzymatic potential
83
9.
Infection and Disease
83
9.1
Animal model of disease
84
9.2
Portals of entry
85
9.3
The Balamuthia paradox
86
9.4
Groups or individuals at risk
87
Contents
vii
9.5 Immunocompromised versus
immunocompetent
hosts
87
9.6
Hispanic Americans
87
9.7
Disease in animals
92
10.
Balamuthiasis: Nature of the Disease
92
10.1
Central nervous system disease
92
10.2
Cutaneous disease
94
11.
Balamuthiasis at Presentation
94
11.1
CNS disease
94
11.2
Cutaneous disease
96
12.
Pathophysiology
96
13.
Epidemiology
96
13.1
Balamuthia antibodies in humans
96
13.2
Balamuthiasis in populations
97
13.3
Prevention
98
14.
Diagnosis
98
14.1
Gross pathology
98
14.2
Basic pathology
99
14.3
Antigen detection: indirect immunofluorescent
staining of tissue sections
100
14.4
Clinical recognition
100
14.5
Neuroimaging
101
14.6
Molecular techniques: the polymerase chain
reaction
102
14.7
Cultivation as a diagnostic method
105
15.
Host Response
105
15.1
Mobilization of the immune system
105
15.2
Antibody production and detection:
fluorescent antibody staining
105
16.
Antimicrobial Therapy
106
16.1
What works: clinical successes
107
16.2
What may work: in vitro drug testing
110
17.
Overview, Conclusions and Questions
111
18.
Acknowledgments
112
19.
References
112
A3. Naegleria fowleri
119
1.
Introduction
120
2.
Morphology of Naegleria
121
3.
Pathosenicitv and Virulence Factors
124
4.
Ecology and Methods of Detection from
Environmental Sources
125
viii Contents
A4.
Bl.
5.
Clinical Presentation of Primary Amoebic
Meningoencephalitis
129
6.
Diagnostic Techniques
130
7.
Treatment and Therapeutic Agents
132
8.
Host-Parasite Interactions
136
9.
Immunity
136
10.
Pathogens Associated with Naegleria
140
11.
Summary and Conclusions
141
12.
Acknowledgments
141
13.
References
141
Blastocystis spp.
153
1.
Introduction
154
2.
Taxonomy and Speciation
155
3.
Cryptic, Extensive Genetic Diversity
157
4.
Morphology
158
5.
Programmed Cell Death
163
6.
Life Cycle
163
7.
Laboratory Culture
164
8.
Clinical Aspects
166
8.1
Epidemiology and prevalence
166
8.2
Infection and disease
168
8.3
Diagnosis and treatment
171
9.
Concluding Remarks
174
10.
Acknowledgments
175
11.
References
175
Vpk
romplexans
191
Cryptosporidium spp.
193
1.
Introduction
194
2.
An Emerging Disease
194
3.
The Apicomplexa
196
4.
Cryptosporidium spp.
198
5.
Ecological Distribution
200
6.
Life Cycle
201
7.
Cell Biology
202
8.
Methods of Isolation
204
9.
Oocyst Storage
206
10.
Methods for Excystation
206
11.
Laboratory Cultivation
206
12.
Classification and Genotvoine
207
Contents ¡x
13.
Infection
and Disease
208
13.1
Epidemiology
208
13.2
Risk factors
209
13.3
Clinical diagnosis
210
13.4
Host susceptibility
211
13.5
Pathophysiology
211
13.6
Treatment
212
14.
Opportunistic Infections
214
15.
Virulence Factors
215
16.
Host Factors
216
17.
Drug Targets and Development
218
18.
Conclusions
218
19.
References
219
В2.
Toxoplasma gonďii
227
1.
Introduction
228
2.
Discovery and Taxonomy
228
3.
Life Cycle
229
4.
Cell Organization
231
4.1
Trimembrane pellicle
232
4.2
Cytoskeletal network
232
4.3
Surface antigens
233
4.4
Organelles and secretory proteins
234
4.5
Apicoplast and fatty acid synthesis
235
5.
Differences Between the Infective Stages
235
5.1
Ultrastructural
differences
236
5.2
Metabolic differences
237
6.
Developmental Processes and Host-Parasite
Relationship
237
6.1
Parasitophorous
vacuole
237
6.2
Tissue cyst
238
6.3
Oocyst
239
7.
Markers for Identification of Stage
239
8.
Genomic Organization
242
9.
Genetic Diversity, Population Structure
and Phylogeny
243
9.1
Markers and tools for analyzing
genetic diversity
243
9.2
Toxoplasma population structure
244
10.
Epidemiology
248
10.1
Environmental reservoir
249
10.2
Animal reservoir
252
χ
Contents
11. Pathogenesis
and Immunology of Toxoplasma
253
gondii Infection
11.1
Parasitic factors
254
11.2
Dissemination into the host
257
11.3
Immune response
258
11.4
Relationship between Toxoplasma and
the central nervous system
259
11.5
Conclusions about pathogenesis
and immunology
260
12.
Human Toxoplasmosis
260
12.1
Epidemiology
260
12.2
Clinical aspects of human toxoplasmosis
263
13.
Diagnosis
266
13.1
Serological diagnosis
266
13.2
Parasite detection
267
14.
Treatment
268
14.1
Anti-Toxoplasma drugs
268
14.2
Drug Resistance of Toxoplasma gondii
ZIA
14.3
Conclusions about anti-Toxoplasma drugs
274
14.4
Therapeutics
275
15.
Conclusions
278
16.
Acknowledgments
279
17.
References
279
B3. Isospora (Cystoisospora) belli
289
1.
Introduction
290
2.
Classification
290
3.
Life Cycle and Morphology
290
4.
Clinical Disease
291
5.
Pathogenesis
296
6.
Diagnosis
296
6.1
Key points
-
laboratory diagnosis
298
7.
Treatment
298
8.
Epidemiology and Prevention
299
9.
References
300
B4. Babesia microti
303
1.
Introduction
304
2.
Taxonomy
304
3.
Life Cycle
308
4.
Vector Relations
309
5.
Host Relations
314
Contents
xi
5.1
Course
of
infection
314
5.2
Resistance mechanisms
315
5.3
Co-infection and immunomodulation
317
5.4
Persistence of infection
318
6.
Zoonotic Babesiosis
319
7.
Clinical Manifestations
320
8.
Pathogenesis
321
9.
Diagnostic Features
322
10.
Treatment with Antimicrobials
324
11.
Epidemiology
326
11.1
Emergence of the pathogen
326
11.2
Prevalence
329
11.3
Neonatal babesiosis
329
11.4
Geographical distribution
330
11.5
Molecular epidemiology
331
11.6
Risk factors for infection
332
11.7
Risk factors for disease
333
12.
Prevention and Control
335
13.
Conclusions
336
14.
References
336
C. Ciliates
351
С
I
.
Balantidium
coli
353
1.
Introduction
354
2.
Classification
354
3.
Life Cycle and Morphology
354
4.
Clinical Disease
356
5.
Pathogenesis
358
6.
Diagnosis
359
6.1
Key points
-
laboratory diagnosis
360
7.
Treatment
361
8.
Epidemiology and Prevention
361
9.
References
364
D. Flagellates
367
D
I
.
Diplomonadida
-
Gardia spp.
369
1.
Introduction
370
2.
History of Discovery
371
3.
Taxonomy
371
4.
Ecological Distribution
372
xii
Emerging Protozoan Pathogens
5.
Life Cycle
372
6.
Biology
374
6.1
Organelles
374
6.2
Nuclei
374
6.3
Median body and
flagella
375
6.4
Ventral adhesive disk and ventrolateral flange
376
6.5
Mitosomes
378
6.6
Lysosome-like vesicles (peripheral vesicles)
380
6.7
Genome
380
6.8
Transcription
381
6.9
Giardiavirus
381
7.
Metabolism
381
7.1 Purines
and pyrimidines
381
7.2
Amino
acids
382
7.3
Lipids
383
7.4
Carbohydrate and partial tricarboxylic acid
cycle components
384
8.
Differentiation
384
8.1
Encystment (encystation)
384
8.2
Cyst-wall structure
386
8.3
Cyst-wall synthesis
387
8.4
Excystation
391
9.
Methods of Isolation and Axenic Cultivation
392
10.
Storage of Giardia
393
11.
Giardiasis
393
11.1
Epidemiology
393
11.2
Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations
394
11.3
Diagnosis
395
11.4
Treatment
395
11.5
Control of waterborne giardiasis
396
11.6
Antigenic variation and variable
surface proteins
397
11.7
Immune response and therapy
397
12.
Conclusions
398
13.
References
399
D2.
Trichomonas
vaginalis
4
1 I
1.
Introduction
412
2.
Historical Perspective
412
3.
Morphology and Life Cycle
413
4.
Classification
414
5.
Clinical Symptoms
415
6.
Culture and Detection of T.
vaginalis
416
Contents xiii
7.
Epidemiology
418
8.
Pathobiology and Models
of Host-Parasite
Interactions
420
8.1
Lipids and glycoconjugates
421
8.2
T.
vaginalis
lipophosphoglycan
424
8.3
Other adhesion molecules
426
8.4
T.
vaginalis
cytopathogenic effects
427
8.5
Τ
vaginalis
proteases
429
8.6
T.
vaginalis
and host-cell apoptosis
432
8.7
T.
vaginalis
lipophosphoglycan and cytokine
regulation
435
9.
Current Drug Strategies
438
9.1
Purine
metabolism in T.
vaginalis
438
10.
Treatment of Infection
438
11.
Conclusion
440
12.
Acknowledgments
441
13.
References
441
E. Protozoan Pathogens of Major Medical
Importance
457
1.
Entamoeba histolytica
458
2.
Plasmodium spp.
458
3.
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/Trypanosoma
brucei rhodesiense
458
4.
Trypanosoma
cruzi
459
5.
Leishmania tropicalLeishmania major
460
6.
Leishmania donovani
460
F. Protozoan Biology
461
1.
Introduction
2.
Cellular Properties
3.
Classification
3.1
Phylum Mastigophora
3.2
Phylum Ciliophora
3.3
Phylum
Sarcodina
3.4
Phylum Apicomplexa
3.5
Parabasala
3.6
Cercozoa
3.7
Radiolaria
3.8
Amoebozoa
3.9
Alveolata
462
462
463
463
464
465
465
465
465
465
465
467
xiv
Emerging Protozoan Pathogens
3.10
Diplomonadida
467
3.11
Euglenozoa
467
3.12
Stramenopila
467
4.
Locomotion
467
4.1
Pseudopodia
468
4.2
Cilia and flagella
468
4.3
Gliding movements
468
4.4
Locomotory proteins
468
5.
Feeding
469
5.1
Metabolism
470
6.
Reproduction
472
6.1
Asexual reproduction
472
6.2
Sexual reproduction
473
7.
Life Cycle
474
7.1
Plasmodium spp.
474
7.2
Trypanosoma brucei
476
7.3
Trypanosoma
cruzi
477
7.4
Leishmania spp.
478
G. Host Response
479
1.
2.
3.
Human Defense Mechanisms
480
1.1
Nonspecific immune responses
480
1.2
Specific immune responses
484
Parasite Strategies of Immune Evasion
487
2.1
Noninduction of immune responses
488
2.2
Anatomical seclusion
488
2.3
Mechanisms of survival in
macrophages
488
2.4
Antigenic variation
489
2.5
Host mimicry
489
2.6
Evasion of complement
490
2.7
Evasion of antibodies
490
2.8
Interference with host immune
signaling molecules
490
Strategies Against Protozoa Pathogens
490
3.1
Vaccines
491
3.2
Chemotherapy
493
3.3
Control measures
496
Index
497 |
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| id | DE-604.BV023183426 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:02:17Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:12:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780415428644 0415428645 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2007043118 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016369927 |
| oclc_num | 175174374 |
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| physical | XVI, 510 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| publisher | Taylor & Francis |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Emerging protozoan pathogens ed. by Naveed Ahmed Khan New York, NY [u.a.] Taylor & Francis 2008 XVI, 510 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Protozoa, Pathogenic Protozoan diseases Emerging infectious diseases Protozoan Infections physiopathology Host-Parasite Relations Opportunistic Infections Protozoa pathogenicity Protozoan Infections therapy Protozoen (DE-588)4132686-6 gnd rswk-swf Protozoonose (DE-588)4194854-3 gnd rswk-swf Pathogenität (DE-588)4205990-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Protozoen (DE-588)4132686-6 s Pathogenität (DE-588)4205990-2 s DE-604 Protozoonose (DE-588)4194854-3 s DE-188 Khan, Naveed Ahmed Sonstige oth Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016369927&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Emerging protozoan pathogens Protozoa, Pathogenic Protozoan diseases Emerging infectious diseases Protozoan Infections physiopathology Host-Parasite Relations Opportunistic Infections Protozoa pathogenicity Protozoan Infections therapy Protozoen (DE-588)4132686-6 gnd Protozoonose (DE-588)4194854-3 gnd Pathogenität (DE-588)4205990-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4132686-6 (DE-588)4194854-3 (DE-588)4205990-2 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Emerging protozoan pathogens |
| title_auth | Emerging protozoan pathogens |
| title_exact_search | Emerging protozoan pathogens |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Emerging protozoan pathogens |
| title_full | Emerging protozoan pathogens ed. by Naveed Ahmed Khan |
| title_fullStr | Emerging protozoan pathogens ed. by Naveed Ahmed Khan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging protozoan pathogens ed. by Naveed Ahmed Khan |
| title_short | Emerging protozoan pathogens |
| title_sort | emerging protozoan pathogens |
| topic | Protozoa, Pathogenic Protozoan diseases Emerging infectious diseases Protozoan Infections physiopathology Host-Parasite Relations Opportunistic Infections Protozoa pathogenicity Protozoan Infections therapy Protozoen (DE-588)4132686-6 gnd Protozoonose (DE-588)4194854-3 gnd Pathogenität (DE-588)4205990-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Protozoa, Pathogenic Protozoan diseases Emerging infectious diseases Protozoan Infections physiopathology Host-Parasite Relations Opportunistic Infections Protozoa pathogenicity Protozoan Infections therapy Protozoen Protozoonose Pathogenität Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016369927&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT khannaveedahmed emergingprotozoanpathogens |