Modern law of the sea: selected essays
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden [u.a.]
Nijhoff
2007
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Publications on ocean development
59 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 623 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789004158917 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Anderson, David |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Modern law of the sea |b selected essays |c David Anderson |
| 264 | 1 | |a Leiden [u.a.] |b Nijhoff |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 623 S. |b graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Publications on ocean development |v 59 | |
| 630 | 0 | 4 | |a United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) |
| 650 | 4 | |a Law of the sea | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Publications on ocean development |v 59 |w (DE-604)BV000006984 |9 59 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016320625&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016320625 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137388328353793 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
and Acknowledgements
xvii
Part
1
The Development of the Modern Law of the Sea
1
Chapter
1
The Development of the Modern Law of the Sea
3
I Earlier History: Mare Clausum and Mare
Liberum
3
II Developments during the Two Halves of the Twentieth Century
6
III Some Key Developments between
1945
and
1995 8
IV Consolidation of the Modern Law during the Last Decade
18
V Reasons for the Emergence of the Modern Law
19
Chapter
2
Law-Making Processes in the UN System: Some Impressions
23
I Impressions of the Two Conferences
24
A Subject Matter
24
В
Origins of the Conferences
26
С
Preparations
27
D
The Representation and Aims of the Main Groups
27
E
Working Methods
29
F
Outcome of the Vienna and Law of the Sea Conferences
35
II Impressions of the Legislative Processes
37
A Decision-Making Processes at Conferences and the Generation of
Rules of Law
37
vi
I Table of Contents
В
Law-Making Conventions
38
С
The Concept of the International Legislator
39
D
Reform of the Law of the Sea
40
E
The Amendment and Adjustment of Law-Making Conventions
41
III Conclusions
43
Part
2
The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
47
Chapter
3
Entry into Force of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
49
I Present Status of the Convention and Future Prospects
50
II Adoption of the Agreement on the Implementation of Part XI of the
Convention
53
III Legal Implications of Entry into Force of the Convention and the
Provisional Application of the Agreement
5 5
A For States Parties
55
В
For Non-Parties
56
С
International Organisations and Conferences
57
IV The Nature of the Convention
57
V Compliance
59
VI Settlement of Disputes
59
VII
Conclusions
61
Chapter
4
British Accession to the UN Convention on the Law of the
Sea
63
I Background to the Decision
64
II The Terms of Accession to the Convention
66
III The Implementation of the Convention in UK Law and Practice
69
IV Concluding Remarks
85
Chapter
5
The Current Status of the Conventions on the Law of the Sea
87
I Status of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
87
A Some Developments during the
Mid-1990s 87
В
The Extent of the Participation and its Representative Character
88
1
Regional Participation
88
2
Participation According to Maritime Interests
89
3
Participation According to Political Groupings
89
4
Participation According to Semi-enclosed Seas
90
С
Reasons for Non-Participation
90
D
Persistent Objectors?
91
E
The Convention and Practice
91
F
Assessment
93
Π
The Status of the Implementation Agreement of
1994
Relating to Part
XI
93
III The Status of the Geneva Conventions of
1958 94
IV The Status of the Fisheries Agreements Adopted in the
1
990s
95
Table
of
Contents
vii
V Concluding Remarks
96
Chapter
6
Rights of Passage and Marine Pollution
99
I The Right of Innocent Passage through the Territorial Sea
100
II Passage through the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
109
III Implementation of the LOS Convention in State Practice
1994-2005 110
IV Concluding Observations
114
Chapter
7
Straits Used for International Navigation
117
I Introduction
117
A The Evolution of the Law on International Straits
1894-1970 118
В
The UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Sea-Bed ( the
Sea-Bed Committee )
120
С
The Work of the Fiji/UK Group
121
D
The Categorization of Straits in Part III
123
E
The Interpretation and Application of Part III as a Whole
124
1
Geographical Factors
124
2
The Question of Use
125
3
Differences between the Regimes of Passage
127
F Part
III and Customary Law
128
II
Partili
of the Convention: Text and Commentary
130
Appendix
157
Chapter
8
The Legal Regime of the Straits around Great Britain
163
I The Geopolitical Setting
163
II The Evolution of British Practice in Regard to the Territorial Sea
164
III British Straits and Similar Areas of Sea
165
A Straits Which Are Not Used for International Navigation
165
В
Broad Straits Used for International Navigation
165
С
Areas of Internal Waters behind Bay Closing Lines
166
D
Areas of Internal Waters behind Straight Baselines
166
E
Straits in Which a Right of Non-suspendable Innocent Passage
Applies
167
F
Straits in Which the Right of Transit Passage Applies
167
1
The Fair Isle Gap
168
2
The North Channel
169
3
The Straits of Dover/Pas
de
Calais
169
Concluding Remarks
171
Chapter
9
The Legal Regime of the Channel/La
Manche
175
I The Geographical Setting
175
II The Principal Uses of the Channel
176
III National Jurisdiction Applicable in the Channel
178
IV Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries
180
V The Channel as a Semi-Enclosed Sea
184
viii Table of
Contents
VI
The
Regulation
of
Navigation and Transit Passage 185
VII
The Regulation of Navigation in the Channel: Mandatory Routeing
186
VIH
The Regulation of Navigation: Mandatory Reporting
188
IX Enforcement of Legislation implementing Traffic Schemes
189
X Concluding Remarks
191
Chapter
10
The Icelandic Fisheries Cases
195
I The Impact of the Cases
198
A The Impact of the Case on the Third UN Conference on the Law
of the Sea
198
В
The Impact of the Cases upon the Parties
199
II Some Procedural Aspects of the Cases
200
A Article
53
of the Statute
200
В
The Question of the German Judge ad hoc and the Issue of
Joinder
200
III Questions of Substantive Law
201
A Treaty Law
201
В
High Seas Freedoms and the Reasonable Regard Test
202
С
The Concept of the Fishery Zone
203
D
The Legal Duty to Conserve Fish Stocks
204
IV Some Differences between the Two Cases
204
A The Modus Vivendi
204
В
The Claims Concerning Harassment by the Icelandic Coastguard
205
V The Dissenting Opinions
206
Chapter
11
The Regulation of Fishing and Related Activities in Exclusive
Economic Zones
209
I Economic Zones and Fishery Zones in the North Sea
209
II Fishing and Related Activities in the EEZ
211
A The Terms of the Convention
211
В
Decisions and Practice in the Implementation of the Convention
214
1
The Arbitral Decision in
La Bretagne 214
2
Some Global and Regional Fisheries Instruments
215
3
National Legislation
217
ΠΙ
Bunkering and the Saiga Cases
220
IV Some Concluding Remarks
224
A Processing, Transport and Transhipment.
224
В
Bunkering and Supply/Support
224
Chapter
12
Freedoms of the High Seas in the Modern Law of the Sea
229
I Preface
229
II Introduction
229
II High Seas Navigation: Developments over the Past
30
Years
231
A The Retention of the Concept of the High Seas (Article
87
of the
Convention)
231
Table of
Contents ix
В
The Freedoms of the High Seas (Article
87) 233
С
Nationality of Ships and Flag State Duties (Articles
91
and
94) 235
D
Trafficking in Narcotic Drags
243
E
Unauthorised Broadcasting from the High Seas
244
F
Visit and Search (Article
110) 245
G
Hot Pursuit (Article 111)
246
H
Cables and Pipelines (Articles
112
to
115) 248
III Conclusions
248
Chapter
13
The Enforcement of International Maritime Rules and
Standards
251
I Introduction
251
A The Convention on the Law of the Sea and other International
Agreements
251
В
International Rules and Standards
252
С
Enforcement of Rules and Standards
253
II The Different Roles in Enforcement
254
A The Role of Flag States in Enforcement
254
В
The Role of the Port State in Enforcement
257
С
The Role of Coastal States, including Straits States
262
D
The Enforcement Roles of International Organisations
264
HI Concluding Remarks
265
Chapter
14
Port State Powers in the Modern Law of the Sea
267
I Historical Background before
1950 267
II Developments from
1950
to
1970 269
III First Proposals in the
1
970s for Port State Control or Jurisdiction
270
IV Developments during the
1980s 274
V Developments in the
1990s 276
VI Recent Developments concerning International Fisheries
278
VII
Concluding Remarks
283
Chapter
15
Prompt Release of Vessels under the UN Convention on the
Law of the Sea
287
I Introduction
287
Π
Article
292:
General Issues
288
ΙΠ
The Substantive Provisions about Prompt Release
291
A Fisheries
291
В
Marine Pollution
295
IV Conclusions
298
χ Ι
Tableo/
Contents
Part
3
The Implementation Agreement of
1994 301
Chapter
16
Efforts to Ensure Universal Participation in the Convention
303
I Developments in State Practice
1982-93 304
II The Work of Prepcom
1983-93 305
HI The Secretary-General s Consultations 1990-May
1993 307
IV The Question of Form
311
V Conclusion
313
Chapter
17
Further Efforts to Ensure Universal Participation in the
Convention
315
I Brief Recapitulation:
1990
to May
1993 316
II August
1993:
The Boat Paper
316
III The Final Rounds of Consultations
318
IV
The Terms for Entry into Force of the New Agreement
319
V Some Issues of Substance
320
VI Legal Status of the Agreement
322
Vu
The Adoption of the Resolution and Signature of the Agreement
322
VIII
Concluding Remarks
323
Chapter
18
The Role of the International Lawyer in the Negotiation of
Treaties
325
Introduction
325
I The Role of the International Lawyer in Applying the Law of Treaties
326
A The Positive Impact of the Vienna Convention of
1969 326
В
Reservations to Multilateral Conventions
327
С
Questions of Form
328
D
Treaty Formalities
330
E
Treaty Architecture
331
1
The Implementation Agreement
1994 331
2
The Berlin Agreement of
1971/1972 334
II The Role of the International Lawyer in Applying Other Rules of
International Law
335
A The Question
Préalable :
To Negotiate or Not?
335
В
The Negotiation of the Modus Vivendi
336
С
Negotiation and Recourse to Means of Third Party Settlement
337
D
Negotiation and the Reform of International Law
338
E
The Role of the International Lawyer as the Negotiator of Treaties
339
Chapter
19
Mechanisms for Adjusting Part XI and the Implementation
Agreement
341
I Introduction
341
II Some Key Discussions of Mechanisms
342
III The Mechanisms Chosen in the Draft Agreement for the
Implementation of Part XI
345
Table
of
Contents xi
IV Concluding Remarks
347
Chapter
20
Resolution and Agreement Relating to the
Implementation of Part XI
349
I The Secretary General s Consultations
349
II The Resolution
351
III The Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI
353
IV The Annex to the Agreement
356
A Section
1 356
В
The Enterprise
357
С
Decision-Making
357
D
Review Conference
358
E
Transfer of Technology
358
F
Production Policy
358
G
Economic Assistance
359
H
Financial Terms of Contracts
359
I Finance Committee
359
IV Overall Assessments
359
Part
4
The Implementation Agreement of
1995 361
Chapter
21
The Straddling Stocks Agreement of
1995 363
I The Evolution of Customary and Conventional Law on High Seas
Fisheries to
1993 364
II The Work of the Straddling Stocks Conference
1993-1995 367
III The Terms of the Agreement of
1995 368
IV The Early Effects of the Agreement
375
V The Opening for Signature of the Agreement
375
VI Some Implications of the Agreement
376
Postscript
376
Part
5
The Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries
379
Chapter
22
Maritime Boundaries and Limits: Some Basic Legal
Principles
381
I Introduction: The Need for Legal Certainty
381
II Causes of Uncertainty
382
ΠΙ
The Law and Natural Diversity
384
IV Natural Diversity and the Principles for Delimiting Boundaries
386
V The Present Situation
391
VI Concluding Remarks
393
Chapter
23
Developments in Maritime Boundary Law and Practice
397
Introduction
397
I The Situation at the Outset of the ASIL Project
398
xii
I Table of Contents
II Some Key Developments between
1990
and
2004 400
III Contemporary Trends in Maritime Boundary-Making
403
A Trend towards a Consistent Approach and Methodology
403
В
The Trend towards Single Maritime Boundaries
406
С
Trend towards Accurate Application of the Rules on Baselines,
Islands, Low-tide Elevations, etc.
407
D
Trend towards Unification of Customary and Conventional Law
408
E
Trend Towards Harmonization between the Different Zones
408
F
Growing Interest in the Continental Shelf beyond
200
n.m.
409
G
Trend towards Making Interim Arrangements
411
1
Joint Development
411
2
Special Areas for Fisheries Purposes
412
3
Provisional Boundaries
413
4
Bilateral Cooperation and Third States
413
5
Coordinated Patrolling
414
H
Trend towards Use of Technical Experts, Geodesies and Computing
414
m Concluding Remarks
416
Chapter
24
Negotiating Maritime Boundary Agreements
417
I Political, Economic and Legal Factors in Negotiating Boundaries
417
Π
The Pre-Negotiation Phase
422
ΠΙ
The Negotiating Phase
423
IV
The Drafting of Boundary Agreements
427
V Concluding Observations
435
Chapter
25
Maritime Delimitation: Early British Practice
437
I British Practice before UNCLOS
ΠΙ
437
Π
UNCLOS
ΠΙ
and Maritime Delimitation
443
III Outstanding Maritime Delimitations
446
IV Conclusion
448
Chapter
26
British Maritime Jurisdiction
451
I Baselines
452
A Normal Baseline
453
В
Straight Baselines
455
С
Bay-Closing Lines
456
Π
Internal Waters
457
ΠΙ
Territorial Sea Limits and Boundaries
457
IV
Fisheries Zone/Jurisdiction and Boundaries
460
V Continental Shelf Limits and Boundaries
461
VI Pollution Zone/Jurisdiction
465
VII
Renewable Energy Zone
467
VIII
Pirate Broadcasting Jurisdiction
467
IX Concluding Observations
468
Table
of
Contents xiii
Chapter
27 Grisbadarna
Revisited
477
I
Grisbadarna
Recalled
478
II
Grisbadarna
Compared with More Modern Cases
479
III Grisbadarna Received
483
IV Grisbadarna Rejected
484
V Grisbadarna s Effects
486
VI Grisbadarna Reassessed
487
Chapter
28
Strategies for Dispute Resolution-Negotiating Joint
Agreements
491
I Introduction
491
II The Choice between a Boundary or Joint Development
492
III The Content of Joint Development Treaties
495
A Maintaining Basic Positions
495
1
Without Prejudice Clauses and International Law
495
2
The Need for Balanced Arrangements
497
3
Neutral Terminology
497
В
Defining the Area and the Duration
498
С
Degrees of Integration
499
IV Conclusions
500
Bibliography
500
Part
6
The Settlement of Disputes and the Law of the Sea
503
Chapter
29
The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
505
I Establishment of the Tribunal
505
II Jurisdiction of the Tribunal
508
III The
Montreux
Formula and the Institutional Dilemma
510
IV The Rules of the Tribunal
511
V The Judicial Policy of the Tribunal
513
VI The Existing Experience of International Courts
513
VII
Internal Judicial Practice
515
VIII
Concluding Observations
516
Chapter
30
The Early Practice of the International Tribunal for the Law
of the Sea
519
I Some Formative Influences upon the Tribunal
519
II The Early Practice of the Tribunal
522
III Concluding Remarks
527
Chapter
31
The Internal Judicial Practice of the International Tribunal
for the Law of the Sea
529
I Some Relevant Factors concerning the Tribunal and its Working
Methods
530
II Some Precedents for Methods of Deliberating
532
xiv
I Table of Contents
III The Statute of the Tribunal and Its Rules
534
IV The Resolution on the Internal Judicial Practice of the Tribunal
535
V The Normal Procedures in Deliberations
536
VI Concluding Remarks
544
Chapter
32
The Role oflTLOS as a Means of Dispute Settlement under
UNCLOS
547
I The Tribunal and the Terms of the LOS Convention
548
A The Organisation of the Tribunal
550
В
Jurisdiction
550
II Environmental and Shipping Aspects of the Tribunal s Caselaw
551
A The Saiga (No
2)
Case and the Question of Bunkering in the EEZ
552
В
The Saiga (No
2)
Case and Arrest at Sea
552
С
Prompt Release of Detained Fishing Vessels and Reefers
553
D
The Southern Bluefin Tuna Cases
554
E Swordfish
Case
556
F
МОХ
Plant Case
556
G
Issues to Do with the Registration and Management of Ships
556
ΠΙ
Summing Up
557
Chapter
33
The Judicial Work of the International Tribunal for the Law
of the Sea
559
I The Prompt Release Cases
560
A Fishing Vessels and Their Masters/Crews
561
В
Support Vessel Cases
562
II The Provisional Measures Cases under Article
290(5) 563
ΠΙ
The Merits cases
564
A The Saiga (No
2)
Case
564
В
The Swordfish Case
565
IV
Concluding Observations
565
A The Role ofthe Tribunal in a Wider International Context
565
В
The Role ofthe Tribunal in the Context ofthe Convention
566
Chapter
34
Scientific Evidence in Cases concerning the Law ofthe Sea
569
I Scientific Tests in the Modern Law of the Sea
569
Π
The Need for Scientific Evidence when Scientific Tests Are Applicable
571
Ш
International Judges and Scientific Questions
573
IV The case-law ofthe Tribunal
573
V Conclusions
576
Chapter
35
Trust Funds in International Litigation
577
I Introduction
577
II The Establishment ofthe Trust Fund for the International Tribunal for
the Law ofthe Sea
579
ΠΙ
Similarities between the Funds for the Court and the Tribunal
580
Table of
Contents | xv
IV Some Differences between the Two
Funds 581
A The Respective Reasons for Establishing the Two Funds
581
В
Objects and Purposes of the
Trast
Funds
582
С
Applications for Financial Assistance
584
D
Offers of Professional Assistance
584
V Some Concluding Remarks
586
Annex I to General Assembly Resolution
55/7: 588
The Terms of Reference of the Trust Fund for the International Tribunal for
the Law of the Sea
588
Chapter
36
Article
283
of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
591
Introduction
591
I Legislative History
592
II Textual and Contextual Analysis
596
III The Case Law
597
A Prior Diplomatic Negotiations
597
В
The Application of Article
283 598
1
Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT) cases
599
2
МОХ
Plant case
600
3
Land Reclamation case
601
4
Barbados v. Trinidad
604
IV Conclusions
607
Index
609
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface
and Acknowledgements
xvii
Part
1
The Development of the Modern Law of the Sea
1
Chapter
1
The Development of the Modern Law of the Sea
3
I Earlier History: Mare Clausum and Mare
Liberum
3
II Developments during the Two Halves of the Twentieth Century
6
III Some Key Developments between
1945
and
1995 8
IV Consolidation of the Modern Law during the Last Decade
18
V Reasons for the Emergence of the Modern Law
19
Chapter
2
Law-Making Processes in the UN System: Some Impressions
23
I Impressions of the Two Conferences
24
A Subject Matter
24
В
Origins of the Conferences
26
С
Preparations
27
D
The Representation and Aims of the Main Groups
27
E
Working Methods
29
F
Outcome of the Vienna and Law of the Sea Conferences
35
II Impressions of the Legislative Processes
37
A Decision-Making Processes at Conferences and the Generation of
Rules of Law
37
vi
I Table of Contents
В
Law-Making Conventions
38
С
The Concept of the International "Legislator"
39
D
Reform of the Law of the Sea
40
E
The Amendment and Adjustment of Law-Making Conventions
41
III Conclusions
43
Part
2
The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
47
Chapter
3
Entry into Force of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
49
I Present Status of the Convention and Future Prospects
50
II Adoption of the Agreement on the Implementation of Part XI of the
Convention
53
III Legal Implications of Entry into Force of the Convention and the
Provisional Application of the Agreement
5 5
A For States Parties
55
В
For Non-Parties
56
С
International Organisations and Conferences
57
IV The Nature of the Convention
57
V Compliance
59
VI Settlement of Disputes
59
VII
Conclusions
61
Chapter
4
British Accession to the UN Convention on the Law of the
Sea
63
I Background to the Decision
64
II The Terms of Accession to the Convention
66
III The Implementation of the Convention in UK Law and Practice
69
IV Concluding Remarks
85
Chapter
5
The Current Status of the Conventions on the Law of the Sea
87
I Status of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
87
A Some Developments during the
Mid-1990s 87
В
The Extent of the Participation and its Representative Character
88
1
Regional Participation
88
2
Participation According to Maritime Interests
89
3
Participation According to Political Groupings
89
4
Participation According to Semi-enclosed Seas
90
С
Reasons for Non-Participation
90
D
Persistent Objectors?
91
E
The Convention and Practice
91
F
Assessment
93
Π
The Status of the Implementation Agreement of
1994
Relating to Part
XI
93
III The Status of the Geneva Conventions of
1958 94
IV The Status of the Fisheries Agreements Adopted in the
1
990s
95
Table
of
Contents \
vii
V Concluding Remarks
96
Chapter
6
Rights of Passage and Marine Pollution
99
I The Right of Innocent Passage through the Territorial Sea
100
II Passage through the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
109
III Implementation of the LOS Convention in State Practice
1994-2005 110
IV Concluding Observations
114
Chapter
7
Straits Used for International Navigation
117
I Introduction
117
A The Evolution of the Law on International Straits
1894-1970 118
В
The UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Sea-Bed ('the
Sea-Bed Committee')
120
С
The Work of the Fiji/UK Group
121
D
The Categorization of Straits in Part III
123
E
The Interpretation and Application of Part III as a Whole
124
1
Geographical Factors
124
2
The Question of'Use'
125
3
Differences between the Regimes of Passage
127
F Part
III and Customary Law
128
II
Partili
of the Convention: Text and Commentary
130
Appendix
157
Chapter
8
The Legal Regime of the Straits around Great Britain
163
I The Geopolitical Setting
163
II The Evolution of British Practice in Regard to the Territorial Sea
164
III British Straits and Similar Areas of Sea
165
A Straits Which Are Not Used for International Navigation
165
В
Broad Straits Used for International Navigation
165
С
Areas of Internal Waters behind Bay Closing Lines
166
D
Areas of Internal Waters behind Straight Baselines
166
E
Straits in Which a Right of Non-suspendable Innocent Passage
Applies
167
F
Straits in Which the Right of Transit Passage Applies
167
1
The Fair Isle Gap
168
2
The North Channel
169
3
The Straits of Dover/Pas
de
Calais
169
Concluding Remarks
171
Chapter
9
The Legal Regime of the Channel/La
Manche
175
I The Geographical Setting
175
II The Principal Uses of the Channel
176
III National Jurisdiction Applicable in the Channel
178
IV Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries
180
V The Channel as a Semi-Enclosed Sea
184
viii Table of
Contents
VI
The
Regulation
of
Navigation and Transit Passage 185
VII
The Regulation of Navigation in the Channel: Mandatory Routeing
186
VIH
The Regulation of Navigation: Mandatory Reporting
188
IX Enforcement of Legislation implementing Traffic Schemes
189
X Concluding Remarks
191
Chapter
10
The Icelandic Fisheries Cases
195
I The Impact of the Cases
198
A The Impact of the Case on the Third UN Conference on the Law
of the Sea
198
В
The Impact of the Cases upon the Parties
199
II Some Procedural Aspects of the Cases
200
A Article
53
of the Statute
200
В
The Question of the German Judge ad hoc and the Issue of
Joinder
200
III Questions of Substantive Law
201
A Treaty Law
201
В
High Seas Freedoms and the "Reasonable Regard" Test
202
С
The Concept of the Fishery Zone
203
D
The Legal Duty to Conserve Fish Stocks
204
IV Some Differences between the Two Cases
204
A The Modus Vivendi
204
В
The Claims Concerning Harassment by the Icelandic Coastguard
205
V The Dissenting Opinions
206
Chapter
11
The Regulation of Fishing and Related Activities in Exclusive
Economic Zones
209
I Economic Zones and Fishery Zones in the North Sea
209
II Fishing and Related Activities in the EEZ
211
A The Terms of the Convention
211
В
Decisions and Practice in the Implementation of the Convention
214
1
The Arbitral Decision in
La Bretagne 214
2
Some Global and Regional Fisheries Instruments
215
3
National Legislation
217
ΠΙ
Bunkering and the Saiga Cases
220
IV Some Concluding Remarks
224
A Processing, Transport and Transhipment.
224
В
Bunkering and Supply/Support
224
Chapter
12
Freedoms of the High Seas in the Modern Law of the Sea
229
I Preface
229
II Introduction
229
II High Seas Navigation: Developments over the Past
30
Years
231
A The Retention of the Concept of the High Seas (Article
87
of the
Convention)
231
Table of
Contents \ ix
В
The Freedoms of the High Seas (Article
87) 233
С
Nationality of Ships and Flag State Duties (Articles
91
and
94) 235
D
Trafficking in Narcotic Drags
243
E
Unauthorised Broadcasting from the High Seas
244
F
Visit and Search (Article
110) 245
G
Hot Pursuit (Article 111)
246
H
Cables and Pipelines (Articles
112
to
115) 248
III Conclusions
248
Chapter
13
The Enforcement of International Maritime Rules and
Standards
251
I Introduction
251
A "The Convention on the Law of the Sea and other International
Agreements"
251
В
"International Rules and Standards"
252
С
Enforcement of Rules and Standards
253
II The Different Roles in Enforcement
254
A The Role of Flag States in Enforcement
254
В
The Role of the Port State in Enforcement
257
С
The Role of Coastal States, including Straits States
262
D
The Enforcement Roles of International Organisations
264
HI Concluding Remarks
265
Chapter
14
Port State Powers in the Modern Law of the Sea
267
I Historical Background before
1950 267
II Developments from
1950
to
1970 269
III First Proposals in the
1
970s for Port State Control or Jurisdiction
270
IV Developments during the
1980s 274
V Developments in the
1990s 276
VI Recent Developments concerning International Fisheries
278
VII
Concluding Remarks
283
Chapter
15
Prompt Release of Vessels under the UN Convention on the
Law of the Sea
287
I Introduction
287
Π
Article
292:
General Issues
288
ΙΠ
The Substantive Provisions about Prompt Release
291
A Fisheries
291
В
Marine Pollution
295
IV Conclusions
298
χ Ι
Tableo/
Contents
Part
3
The Implementation Agreement of
1994 301
Chapter
16
Efforts to Ensure Universal Participation in the Convention
303
I Developments in State Practice
1982-93 304
II The Work of Prepcom
1983-93 305
HI The Secretary-General's Consultations 1990-May
1993 307
IV The Question of Form
311
V Conclusion
313
Chapter
17
Further Efforts to Ensure Universal Participation in the
Convention
315
I Brief Recapitulation:
1990
to May
1993 316
II August
1993:
The Boat Paper
316
III The Final Rounds of Consultations
318
IV
The Terms for Entry into Force of the New Agreement
319
V Some Issues of Substance
320
VI Legal Status of the Agreement
322
Vu
The Adoption of the Resolution and Signature of the Agreement
322
VIII
Concluding Remarks
323
Chapter
18
The Role of the International Lawyer in the Negotiation of
Treaties
325
Introduction
325
I The Role of the International Lawyer in Applying the Law of Treaties
326
A The Positive Impact of the Vienna Convention of
1969 326
В
Reservations to Multilateral Conventions
327
С
Questions of Form
328
D
Treaty Formalities
330
E
Treaty "Architecture"
331
1
The Implementation Agreement
1994 331
2
The Berlin Agreement of
1971/1972 334
II The Role of the International Lawyer in Applying Other Rules of
International Law
335
A The "Question
Préalable":
To Negotiate or Not?
335
В
The Negotiation of the Modus Vivendi
336
С
Negotiation and Recourse to Means of Third Party Settlement
337
D
Negotiation and the Reform of International Law
338
E
The Role of the International Lawyer as the Negotiator of Treaties
339
Chapter
19
Mechanisms for Adjusting Part XI and the Implementation
Agreement
341
I Introduction
341
II Some Key Discussions of Mechanisms
342
III The Mechanisms Chosen in the Draft Agreement for the
Implementation of Part XI
345
Table
of
Contents \ xi
IV Concluding Remarks
347
Chapter
20
Resolution and Agreement Relating to the
Implementation of Part XI
349
I The Secretary General's Consultations
349
II The Resolution
351
III The Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI
353
IV The Annex to the Agreement
356
A Section
1 356
В
The Enterprise
357
С
Decision-Making
357
D
Review Conference
358
E
Transfer of Technology
358
F
Production Policy
358
G
Economic Assistance
359
H
Financial Terms of Contracts
359
I Finance Committee
359
IV Overall Assessments
359
Part
4
The Implementation Agreement of
1995 361
Chapter
21
The Straddling Stocks Agreement of
1995 363
I The Evolution of Customary and Conventional Law on High Seas
Fisheries to
1993 364
II The Work of the Straddling Stocks Conference
1993-1995 367
III The Terms of the Agreement of
1995 368
IV The Early Effects of the Agreement
375
V The Opening for Signature of the Agreement
375
VI Some Implications of the Agreement
376
Postscript
376
Part
5
The Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries
379
Chapter
22
Maritime Boundaries and Limits: Some Basic Legal
Principles
381
I Introduction: The Need for Legal Certainty
381
II Causes of Uncertainty
382
ΠΙ
The Law and Natural Diversity
384
IV Natural Diversity and the Principles for Delimiting Boundaries
386
V The Present Situation
391
VI Concluding Remarks
393
Chapter
23
Developments in Maritime Boundary Law and Practice
397
Introduction
397
I The Situation at the Outset of the ASIL Project
398
xii
I Table of Contents
II Some Key Developments between
1990
and
2004 400
III Contemporary Trends in Maritime Boundary-Making
403
A Trend towards a Consistent Approach and Methodology
403
В
The Trend towards Single Maritime Boundaries
406
С
Trend towards Accurate Application of the Rules on Baselines,
Islands, Low-tide Elevations, etc.
407
D
Trend towards Unification of Customary and Conventional Law
408
E
Trend Towards Harmonization between the Different Zones
408
F
Growing Interest in the Continental Shelf beyond
200
n.m.
409
G
Trend towards Making Interim Arrangements
411
1
Joint Development
411
2
Special Areas for Fisheries Purposes
412
3
Provisional Boundaries
413
4
Bilateral Cooperation and Third States
413
5
Coordinated Patrolling
414
H
Trend towards Use of Technical Experts, Geodesies and Computing
414
m Concluding Remarks
416
Chapter
24
Negotiating Maritime Boundary Agreements
417
I Political, Economic and Legal Factors in Negotiating Boundaries
417
Π
The Pre-Negotiation Phase
422
ΠΙ
The Negotiating Phase
423
IV
The Drafting of Boundary Agreements
427
V Concluding Observations
435
Chapter
25
Maritime Delimitation: Early British Practice
437
I British Practice before UNCLOS
ΠΙ
437
Π
UNCLOS
ΠΙ
and Maritime Delimitation
443
III Outstanding Maritime Delimitations
446
IV Conclusion
448
Chapter
26
British Maritime Jurisdiction
451
I Baselines
452
A Normal Baseline
453
В
Straight Baselines
455
С
Bay-Closing Lines
456
Π
Internal Waters
457
ΠΙ
Territorial Sea Limits and Boundaries
457
IV
Fisheries Zone/Jurisdiction and Boundaries
460
V Continental Shelf Limits and Boundaries
461
VI Pollution Zone/Jurisdiction
465
VII
Renewable Energy Zone
467
VIII
"Pirate" Broadcasting Jurisdiction
467
IX Concluding Observations
468
Table
of
Contents \ xiii
Chapter
27 Grisbadarna
Revisited
477
I
Grisbadarna
Recalled
478
II
Grisbadarna
Compared with More Modern Cases
479
III Grisbadarna Received
483
IV Grisbadarna Rejected
484
V Grisbadarna's Effects
486
VI Grisbadarna Reassessed
487
Chapter
28
Strategies for Dispute Resolution-Negotiating Joint
Agreements
491
I Introduction
491
II The Choice between a Boundary or Joint Development
492
III The Content of Joint Development Treaties
495
A Maintaining Basic Positions
495
1
"Without Prejudice" Clauses and International Law
495
2
The Need for Balanced Arrangements
497
3
Neutral Terminology
497
В
Defining the Area and the Duration
498
С
Degrees of Integration
499
IV Conclusions
500
Bibliography
500
Part
6
The Settlement of Disputes and the Law of the Sea
503
Chapter
29
The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
505
I Establishment of the Tribunal
505
II Jurisdiction of the Tribunal
508
III The
Montreux
Formula and the Institutional Dilemma
510
IV The Rules of the Tribunal
511
V The "Judicial Policy" of the Tribunal
513
VI The Existing Experience of International Courts
513
VII
Internal Judicial Practice
515
VIII
Concluding Observations
516
Chapter
30
The Early Practice of the International Tribunal for the Law
of the Sea
519
I Some Formative Influences upon the Tribunal
519
II The Early Practice of the Tribunal
522
III Concluding Remarks
527
Chapter
31
The Internal Judicial Practice of the International Tribunal
for the Law of the Sea
529
I Some Relevant Factors concerning the Tribunal and its Working
Methods
530
II Some Precedents for Methods of Deliberating
532
xiv
I Table of Contents
III The Statute of the Tribunal and Its Rules
534
IV The Resolution on the Internal Judicial Practice of the Tribunal
535
V The Normal Procedures in Deliberations
536
VI Concluding Remarks
544
Chapter
32
The Role oflTLOS as a Means of Dispute Settlement under
UNCLOS
547
I The Tribunal and the Terms of the LOS Convention
548
A The Organisation of the Tribunal
550
В
Jurisdiction
550
II Environmental and Shipping Aspects of the Tribunal's Caselaw
551
A The Saiga (No
2)
Case and the Question of Bunkering in the EEZ
552
В
The Saiga (No
2)
Case and Arrest at Sea
552
С
Prompt Release of Detained Fishing Vessels and Reefers
553
D
The Southern Bluefin Tuna Cases
554
E Swordfish
Case
556
F
МОХ
Plant Case
556
G
Issues to Do with the Registration and Management of Ships
556
ΠΙ
Summing Up
557
Chapter
33
The Judicial Work of the International Tribunal for the Law
of the Sea
559
I The Prompt Release Cases
560
A Fishing Vessels and Their Masters/Crews
561
В
Support Vessel Cases
562
II The Provisional Measures Cases under Article
290(5) 563
ΠΙ
The Merits cases
564
A The Saiga (No
2)
Case
564
В
The Swordfish Case
565
IV
Concluding Observations
565
A The Role ofthe Tribunal in a Wider International Context
565
В
The Role ofthe Tribunal in the Context ofthe Convention
566
Chapter
34
Scientific Evidence in Cases concerning the Law ofthe Sea
569
I Scientific Tests in the Modern Law of the Sea
569
Π
The Need for Scientific Evidence when Scientific Tests Are Applicable
571
Ш
International Judges and Scientific Questions
573
IV The case-law ofthe Tribunal
573
V Conclusions
576
Chapter
35
Trust Funds in International Litigation
577
I Introduction
577
II The Establishment ofthe Trust Fund for the International Tribunal for
the Law ofthe Sea
579
ΠΙ
Similarities between the Funds for the Court and the Tribunal
580
Table of
Contents | xv
IV Some Differences between the Two
Funds 581
A The Respective Reasons for Establishing the Two Funds
581
В
Objects and Purposes of the
Trast
Funds
582
С
Applications for Financial Assistance
584
D
Offers of Professional Assistance
584
V Some Concluding Remarks
586
Annex I to General Assembly Resolution
55/7: 588
The Terms of Reference of the Trust Fund for the International Tribunal for
the Law of the Sea
588
Chapter
36
Article
283
of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
591
Introduction
591
I Legislative History
592
II Textual and Contextual Analysis
596
III The Case Law
597
A Prior Diplomatic Negotiations
597
В
The Application of Article
283 598
1
Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT) cases
599
2
МОХ
Plant case
600
3
Land Reclamation case
601
4
Barbados v. Trinidad
604
IV Conclusions
607
Index
609 |
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| spellingShingle | Anderson, David Modern law of the sea selected essays Publications on ocean development United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) Law of the sea |
| title | Modern law of the sea selected essays |
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| topic | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) Law of the sea |
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