The Netherlands in international tax planning:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam
IBFD
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 396 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789087220242 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV023110648 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 00000000000000.0 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 080201s2007 |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9789087220242 |9 978-90-8722-024-2 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)193175716 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV023110648 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-M382 |a DE-19 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a KKM3550 | |
| 084 | |a QL 470 |0 (DE-625)141729: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Müller, Johann |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The Netherlands in international tax planning |c Johann Müller |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam |b IBFD |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XX, 396 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Belastingrecht |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Internationaal belastingrecht |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Ondernemingen |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Steuer | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Business enterprises, Foreign |x Taxation |x Law and legislation |z Netherlands | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Investments, Foreign |x Taxation |x Law and legislation |z Netherlands | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tax planning |z Netherlands | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Taxation |x Law and legislation |z Netherlands | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Nederland |2 gtt | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Niederlande | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016313248&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016313248 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137373449060352 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: General introduction 1
1.1. What this book is and what it is not 1
1.2. Tone 2
1.3. EUlaw 2
1.4. Substantial amended corporate income tax in 2007 3
Chapter 2: How this book is organised 5
Chapter 3: Introduction to Dutch tax 7
3.1. National taxation only, no State tax 7
3.2. Ministerial decrees and case law 7
3.3. National law v. tax treaties and EU law 8
3.4. Classical System 8
3.5. What are taxpayers taxed for? 9
3.6. Resident taxpayers 9
3.7. Non-resident taxpayers 9
3.8. Dividend withholding tax 10
3.9. Limitation of double taxation at corporate level 10
3.9.1. Participation exemption 10
3.9.2. Loss compensation 10
3.9.3. Tax consolidation 11
vü
3.10. How are they taxed? 11
3.10.1. Taxreturns 11
3.10.2. Tax assessments 12
3.10.3. Audits 12
Chapter 4: Corporate income tax subjects 13
4.1. Residence 13
4.1.1. Case law on residence 13
4.2. Residents 18
4.2.1. Special taxable entities 19
4.2.1.1. Mutual investment funds 19
4.2.1.2. Taxable Hmited partnerships (also called open
limited partnerships ) 19
4.2.1.3. Pension funds 19
4.2.2. Taxable object for resident taxpayers 20
4.2.2.1. Case law on business related costs 21
4.2.3. Ending resident tax Status 25
4.2.3.1. Case law: realisation of profits in sight of emigration 25
4.2.3.2. Are exit taxes EU compliant? 26
4.3. Non-residents 28
4.3.1. Special purpose funds 28
4.3.2. Taxable object for non-resident taxpayers 29
4.4. Tax-transparent/taxable entities 29
4.4.1. Dutch hybrid entities 29
4.4.1.1. Case law 35
4.4.2. Classification of foreign entities 36
4.4.2.1. Decree on inbound investment 36
4.4.2.2. Decree ofl outbound investment 39
4.4.2.3. Decree oß hybrid entities in Dutch-US relations (BV/
CV structures) 55
4.4.2.4. New decree on hybrid entities issued 57
4.4.2.5. Ministry reissues decree on trusts NA private
foundations 60
4.4.2.6. Supreme Court misses opportunity in foreign entity
classification 61
viii
Chapter 5: Financing a taxpayer 65
5.1. Equity 65
5.2. Debt 65
5.2.1. Decree on expired debts 66
5.3. Hybrid loans 67
5.3.1. Introduction 67
5.3.1.1. A word on hybrid loans, profit-dependent loans and
profit-sharing loans 67
5.3.2. Legislation on hybrid loans 67
5.3.3. Extension of the hybrid loan legislation 68
5.3.4. Protection under tax treaties 69
5.3.5. Case law 69
5.3.6. Decrees 78
5.4. Leasing 79
5.5. (Potential) limitations on interest deductions 86
5.5.1. Forms of limitations 87
5.5.2. General limitation on deduction of non-business
costs 88
5.5.3. Conduit interest and royalties 89
5.5.3.1. Interest 89
5.5.3.2. Royalties 90
5.5.4. Base-eroding dividends, equity contributions, equity
redemptions and hybrid loans 90
5.5.4.1. Case law 92
5.5.4.2. Decrees 95
5.5.5. Transfer of shares within a group 101
5.5.6. Costs related to conversion rights 102
5.5.6.1. Decree 103
5.5.6.2. Case law 104
5.5.7. Thin capitalisation rules 106
5.5.7.1. Introduction 106
5.5.7.2. Other points to bear in mind 107
5.5.7.3. The law 108
5.5.7.4. Whatisaloan? 108
5.5.7.5. The group ratio alternative 110
5.5.7.6. Caveats 111
ix
5.5.7.7. Planning opportunities 113
5.5.8. Acquisition and disposal costs of participations 114
5.5.8.1. Case law: High Court on acquisition costs
participation and ECHR 115
5.5.9. Limitation and deferral of deductions in case of
leveraged takeovers 117
5.5.9.1. Case law 118
5.5.10. Limitation on prevention of double taxation for
interest payments within tax-consolidated group 120
5.5.11. Ruling practice: financing of (foreign) participations
with at least 15% equity 120
5.5.12. Interest-free loans 120
5.5.13. Court rules on debt conversion and participation
exemption 123
Chapter 6: Loss compensation 125
6.1. General System 125
6.2. Preventing trading in passive companies with tax
losses carried forward 126
6.2.1. Start-up entities 127
6.2.2. Advance certainty 128
6.2.3. Relief 128
6.2.4. Decrees 129
6.2.5. Case law 129
6.2.5.1. Passive enterprise, active investments 129
6.2.5.2. How strictly should loss limitation rules be applied 130
6.2.5.3. Deferral of losses 131
6.3. The Bosal rules 131
6.3.1. Do the Bosal loss compensation rules constitute
illegal State aid? 132
6.4. Losses in tax-consolidated groups 133
Chapter 7: Mergers 135
7.1. Share merger facilities 135
7.1.1. Introduction 135
x
7.1.2. Corporate income tax position under the participation
exemption 136
7.1.3. Corporate income tax position where participation
exemption is not available 136
7.1.3.1. Caselaw 137
7.1.4. Exemption from real estate transfer tax 139
7.1.5. Dividend withholding tax 139
7.2. Asset merger facilities 139
7.2.1. Introduction 139
7.2.2. Exemption from corporate income tax 140
7.2.2.1. Conditions 140
7.2.2.2. Anti-abuse measure 141
7.2.2.3. Decree: issuing preference shares in asset mergers 142
7.2.3. Exemption from real estate transfer tax 143
7.2.3.1. Conditions 143
7.2.3.2. Case law: possible questions to the ECJ 144
7.3. Legal mergers 145
7.3.1. Introduction 145
7.3.2. Legal mergers under corporate income tax law 145
7.3.2.1. Conditions 146
7.3.2.2. Anti-abuse measure against leveraged takeovers 148
7.3.2.3. Case law: Supreme Court rules on application of
Merger Directive 148
7.3.3. Exemptions from real estate transfer tax 149
7.3.4. Exemption from dividend withholding tax 149
7.4. Legal demergers 150
7.4.1. Introduction 150
7.4.2. Exemptions from corporate income tax 150
7.4.2.1. Conditions 150
7.4.2.2. Anti-abuse measure against leveraged takeovers 152
7.4.3. Exemption from real estate transfer tax 152
7.4.3.1. Conditions 153
7.4.4. Exemption from dividend withholding tax 153
xi
Chapter 8: Outbound investment 155
8.1. Unilateral Decree for the Prevention of Double
Taxation 155
8.1.1. Subject to tax criterion 156
8.1.2. Definition of a permanent establishment 157
8.1.3. Exemption method 158
8.1.3.1. Calculating the exemption 158
8.1.3.2. Decree on inspector s confirmation of foreign profit
carried forward 161
8.1.3.3. Passive foreign enterprise 162
8.1.3.4. Caselaw 162
8.1.4. Tax credit method 166
8.1.4.1. Calculating the foreign tax credit 167
8.1.4.2. Decree on developing country transitions 168
8.1.4.3. Foreign tax credit for passive foreign enterprise 168
8.1.4.4. Definition of dividends, interest and royalties 169
8.1.5. Preventing trading in companies with foreign profits
carried forward 170
8.2. Tax treaties 172
8.2.1. Decrees 172
8.2.2. Case law 178
8.2.3. Tax sparing credits 184
8.2.3.1. Case law: material test of investment Stimulus for tax
sparing credit 185
8.2.3.2. Decree: tax sparing credit - policy 185
8.3. EC Parent-Subsidiary Directive 186
8.4. Foreign withholding tax at the source 186
Chapter 9: Participation exemption 187
9.1. Conditions 187
9.1.1. Minimum participation of 5% 188
9.1.1.1. Less than 5% participations 188
9.1.1.2. Caselaw 188
9.1.1.3. Decrees 190
9.1.1.4. EU participations 191
9.1.1.5. A 5% interest in taxable limited partnerships 191
xii
9.1.1.6. Extended participations (meetrekregeling) 192
9.1.2. Low-taxed portfolio participations 193
9.1.2.1. Free investments 193
9.1.2.2. Real estate participations 195
9.1.2.3. Subject to at least 10% income tax 195
9.1.2.4. Country 195
9.1.2.5. Income tax 196
9.1.2.6. Caselaw 196
9.1.2.7. Decrees 198
9.1.2.8. Case law: minimum holding period 205
9.1.2.9. Shares in passive group finance companies 206
9.1.2.9.1. Gibraltar companies 208
9.1.2.9.2. Application extended list of entities under Parent-
Subsidiary Directive 208
9.2. Tax credit for low-taxed portfolio participations 208
9.2.1. Introduction 208
9.2.2. The gross-up 209
9.2.3. Excluded items of income 210
9.2.4. Credit for positive grossed-up income 210
9.2.4.1. EC participations 211
9.2.4.2. Other excess participation credits 211
9.2.4.3. Extensive example 212
9.3. Exempt items 213
9.3.1. Income and gains 213
9.3.1.1. Caselaw 214
9.3.1.2. Decrees 214
9.3.2. Stock options 215
9.3.2.1. Caselaw 215
9.3.3. Earn-out arrangements 219
9.3.3.1. Decree 220
9.3.4. Hybrid loans 223
9.3.4.1. Supreme Court rules on pretparticipatif and Türe
Subordinee ä Duree lndetermin.ee li h
9.3.4.2. Decrees 225
9.3.5. Currency exchange results 225
9.3.6. Splitting profits in time 226
9.3.7. Gains on shares acquired through a merger 226
9.4. Cost deductions 227
9.4.1. Ordinary costs 227
xiii
9.4.2. The Bosal decision 227
9.4.2.1. Decree on reach of the Bosal decision 229
9.4.2.2. Case law on reach of the Bosal decision 234
9.4.2.3. Limitations on loss conipensation 240
9.4.3. Acquisition and disposal costs 240
9.4.4. Interest and currency exchange results on loans 241
9.4.4.1. Hedging 241
9.4.4.1.1. The Situation until 1997 241
9.4.4.1.2. The Situation between 1997 and 2003 241
9.4.4.1.3. The Situation as of 1 January 2004 243
9.4.4.1.4. The Situation as of 1 January 2007 243
9.4.4.2. Decrees on general deduction of costs 244
9.5. Loss from liquidation 246
9.5.1. General System 246
9.5.2. Conditions 247
9.5.3. Determination loss from liquidation 247
9.5.3.1. Historie cost price 247
9.5.3.2. Liquidation proeeeds 248
9.5.4. Decrees 248
9.6. Anti-abuse measures 251
9.6.1. Conversion of loans into shares 251
9.6.1.1. Introduction 251
9.6.1.2. Anti-abuse measure 252
9.6.2. Converting branches into partieipations 255
9.6.2.1. Introduction 255
9.6.2.2. Anti-abuse measure 255
9.6.2.3. Decrees 256
9.6.2.4. Amendments enacted in 2007 257
9.6.3. Making partieipations subjeet to tax 259
9.6.3.1. Introduction 259
9.6.3.2. Anti-abuse measure 259
9.6.3.3. Abolishment per 1 January 2007 259
9.6.3.4. Decrees 260
9.7. Alternative to partieipation exemption: rollover on
shares? 260
xiv
Chapter 10: Tax-consolidated groups 261
10.1. What is tax consolidation? 261
10.2. Conditions for forming a Consolidated group 262
10.2.1. Additional conditions under which a permanent
establishment may form part of a Consolidated group 265
10.3. Consequences of having a consolidated group 266
10.4. Start of the consolidation 267
10.5. During the consolidation 268
10.5.1. Foreign profits and losses 269
10.5.1.1. Tax consolidation does notcause companies tobe
disregarded for treaty purposes 272
10.5.1.2. Decree on foreign tax relief 273
10.5.2. Measures preventing double dipping of results 274
10.5.3. Measures limiting leveraged takeovers 274
10.5.3.1. Calculation example 275
10.5.3.2. Caselaw 277
10.5.4. Loss compensation 278
10.5.4.1. Allocating profit to consolidated members 279
10.5.4.2. Pre-and post-consolidation results 281
10.5.4.3. Decrees 282
10.5.4.4. Example of loss compensation calculation 283
10.6. End of the consolidation 284
10.6.1. How does a consolidation end? 284
10.6.2. Upon deconsolidation 285
10.6.3. Losses after deconsolidation 286
10.6.3.1. Decree 287
10.6.4. Reinvestment and cost equalisation reserve 287
10.6.5. Intercompany debt 288
10.6.6. Deconsolidation prior to liquidation 288
10.6.7. Valuation of a deconsolidated subsidiary 288
10.6.8. Foreign results 289
10.7. Anti-abuse measures 289
10.7.1. Transfer of hidden reserves within the group 289
10.7.1.1. Introduction 289
10.7.1.2. What the law says 290
xv
10.7.1.3. Caselaw 291
Chapter 11: Royalty and interest box 293
11.1. Introduction 293
11.2. Royalty box 293
11.2.1. The royalty box volume 293
11.2.2. Production costs 294
11.2.3. Applicable income 295
11.3. Group interest box 295
11.3.1. Related entities 296
11.3.2. Duration 296
11.3.3. Interest box income volume 296
Chapter 12: Inbound investment 299
12.1. Income from a Dutch enterprise 299
12.1.1. Permanent establishments 300
12.1.1.1. Definition 300
12.1.1.2. Partnerships 300
12.1.1.3. Q A decree on international taxation 301
12.1.2. Realestate 302
12.1.3. Case law: allocation of costs 302
12.2. Substantial interests 304
12.2.1. Definition of substantial interest 304
12.2.1.1. Residents of non-treaty countries 305
12.2.1.2. Residents of treaty countries 305
12.2.2. Taxable objects of substantial interest holders 306
12.3. Q A decree on international taxation 307
Chapter 13: Dividend tax 311
13.1. Mutual investment funds 311
xvi
13.2. Taxable profit distributions 311
13.2.1. The recognised contributions made on shares 312
13.2.1.1. Dutch dividend tax on acquired foreign profit
reserves 312
13.2.2. Redemption of shares 314
13.2.2.1. Qualification of redemption of shares undertax
treaties 314
13.2.2.2. Supreme Court classifies temporary repurchase of
shares 315
13.3. Exemptions 316
13.3.1. Participation exemption 317
13.3.2. Exemptions under EC law and the Parent-Subsidiary
Directive 317
13.3.2.1. Decree on dividends to and from Switzerland 319
13.3.2.2. No Dutch dividend tax on 2.25% Strategie interest of
EU companies 320
13.3.3. Redemption of shares 321
13.3.3.1. Caselaw 323
13.3.4. Dividend distributions within a tax-Consolidated
group 323
13.3.5. Dividend tax credit 323
13.3.5.1. Defining tax with respect to speeifie countries 324
13.3.5.2. Hungary 324
13.3.5.3. Turkey 324
13.3.6. Permanent establishments 325
13.3.7. Nil per cent tax to Netherlands Antilles 329
13.4. Tax rate and tax collection 329
13.4.1. Gross-up for net dividend distributions 329
13.4.2. Dividend tax rates under tax treaties 330
13.5. Dividend stripping 330
13.6. Dividend tax in case of emigration 330
13.7. Formal law 334
13.7.1. Decrees 335
xvii
Chapter 14: Other anti-abuse legislation 341
14.1. Fraus legis (abuse of law doctrine) 341
14.2. Surtax - abolished per 1 January 2005 342
14.3. Dividend stripping 343
14.3.1. Background - preceding case law 343
14.3.1.1. English market maker 343
14.3.1.2. Dutch market maker 343
14.3.2. Dividend stripping measures 344
14.3.2.1. Legislation 345
14.3.2.2. Some relief 346
14.4. Conduit structures 347
14.4.1. Introduction 347
14.4.2. Real economic risk 347
14.4.3. Real substance 347
14.5. Transfer pricing 348
14.6. CFC legislation 349
14.6.1. Credit for underlying taxes 350
14.6.2. Decrees 351
14.7. Exchange of Information 351
14.7.1. Taxtreaties 352
14.8. Statute of limitations 356
14.8.1. Case law 356
Chapter 15: Ruling practice 359
15.1. Jurisdiction 359
15.2. Information required and other conditions under
APAs and ATRs 360
15.3. Decree on rulings for taxpayers providing
intercompany Services 361
15.3.1. Definition of intercompany Services 361
xviii
15.3.2. Conditions 361
15.3.3. Conduit finance structures 361
15.3.3.1. Caselaw 362
15.3.4. Substance requirements 362
15.3.5. Q A decree 363
15.4. Decree on good faith towards treaty partners 363
15.5. APAs 363
15.6. Decree on hybrid loans 364
15.7. Statistics on ruling practice 364
15.8. Special knowledge groups 366
Chapter 16: Employee stock Option plans 369
16.1. Introduction 369
16.2. Legislation 369
16.2.1. Determining the deductible amount for corporate
income tax purposes 369
16.2.2. Dealing with shares acquired to cover the Option
liabilities 370
16.2.2.1. Corporate income tax 371
16.2.2.2. Dividend tax 371
16.3. Case law on treatment of stock options for employer 371
16.4. Decrees 373
Chapter 17: Functional currency regime 379
17.1. Beginning of functional currency reporting 379
17.2. End of functional currency reporting 380
17.3. Conversion rates used 381
xix
17.4. Foreign permanent establishments 382
Chapter 18: Real estate transfer tax 385
18.1. Introduction 385
18.2. Taxable actions 385
18.3. Exemptions 386
18.3.1. Internal reorganisations 387
18.4. Basis and tax rate 388
Chapter 19: Special facilities for expatriate workers 389
19.1. Tax-free expense allowance for extraterritorial
expenses 389
19.2. Conditions for the payment of a tax-free expense
allowance 390
19.3. Term of the tax-free expense allowance 391
19.4. Extraterritorial expenses 393
19.5. Level of the tax-free expense allowance 394
xx
|
| adam_txt |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: General introduction 1
1.1. What this book is and what it is not 1
1.2. Tone 2
1.3. EUlaw 2
1.4. Substantial amended corporate income tax in 2007 3
Chapter 2: How this book is organised 5
Chapter 3: Introduction to Dutch tax 7
3.1. National taxation only, no State tax 7
3.2. Ministerial decrees and case law 7
3.3. National law v. tax treaties and EU law 8
3.4. Classical System 8
3.5. What are taxpayers taxed for? 9
3.6. Resident taxpayers 9
3.7. Non-resident taxpayers 9
3.8. Dividend withholding tax 10
3.9. Limitation of double taxation at corporate level 10
3.9.1. Participation exemption 10
3.9.2. Loss compensation 10
3.9.3. Tax consolidation 11
vü
3.10. How are they taxed? 11
3.10.1. Taxreturns 11
3.10.2. Tax assessments 12
3.10.3. Audits 12
Chapter 4: Corporate income tax subjects 13
4.1. Residence 13
4.1.1. Case law on "residence" 13
4.2. Residents 18
4.2.1. Special taxable entities 19
4.2.1.1. Mutual investment funds 19
4.2.1.2. Taxable Hmited partnerships (also called "open
limited partnerships") 19
4.2.1.3. Pension funds 19
4.2.2. Taxable object for resident taxpayers 20
4.2.2.1. Case law on business related costs 21
4.2.3. Ending resident tax Status 25
4.2.3.1. Case law: realisation of profits in sight of emigration 25
4.2.3.2. Are exit taxes EU compliant? 26
4.3. Non-residents 28
4.3.1. Special purpose funds 28
4.3.2. Taxable object for non-resident taxpayers 29
4.4. Tax-transparent/taxable entities 29
4.4.1. Dutch hybrid entities 29
4.4.1.1. Case law 35
4.4.2. Classification of foreign entities 36
4.4.2.1. Decree on inbound investment 36
4.4.2.2. Decree ofl outbound investment 39
4.4.2.3. Decree oß hybrid entities in Dutch-US relations (BV/
CV structures) 55
4.4.2.4. New decree on hybrid entities issued 57
4.4.2.5. Ministry reissues decree on trusts NA private
foundations 60
4.4.2.6. Supreme Court misses opportunity in foreign entity
classification 61
viii
Chapter 5: Financing a taxpayer 65
5.1. Equity 65
5.2. Debt 65
5.2.1. Decree on expired debts 66
5.3. Hybrid loans 67
5.3.1. Introduction 67
5.3.1.1. A word on hybrid loans, profit-dependent loans and
profit-sharing loans 67
5.3.2. Legislation on hybrid loans 67
5.3.3. Extension of the hybrid loan legislation 68
5.3.4. Protection under tax treaties 69
5.3.5. Case law 69
5.3.6. Decrees 78
5.4. Leasing 79
5.5. (Potential) limitations on interest deductions 86
5.5.1. Forms of limitations 87
5.5.2. General limitation on deduction of non-business
costs 88
5.5.3. Conduit interest and royalties 89
5.5.3.1. Interest 89
5.5.3.2. Royalties 90
5.5.4. Base-eroding dividends, equity contributions, equity
redemptions and hybrid loans 90
5.5.4.1. Case law 92
5.5.4.2. Decrees 95
5.5.5. Transfer of shares within a group 101
5.5.6. Costs related to conversion rights 102
5.5.6.1. Decree 103
5.5.6.2. Case law 104
5.5.7. Thin capitalisation rules 106
5.5.7.1. Introduction 106
5.5.7.2. Other points to bear in mind 107
5.5.7.3. The law 108
5.5.7.4. Whatisaloan? 108
5.5.7.5. The group ratio alternative 110
5.5.7.6. Caveats 111
ix
5.5.7.7. Planning opportunities 113
5.5.8. Acquisition and disposal costs of participations 114
5.5.8.1. Case law: High Court on acquisition costs
participation and ECHR 115
5.5.9. Limitation and deferral of deductions in case of
leveraged takeovers 117
5.5.9.1. Case law 118
5.5.10. Limitation on prevention of double taxation for
interest payments within tax-consolidated group 120
5.5.11. Ruling practice: financing of (foreign) participations
with at least 15% equity 120
5.5.12. Interest-free loans 120
5.5.13. Court rules on debt conversion and participation
exemption 123
Chapter 6: Loss compensation 125
6.1. General System 125
6.2. Preventing trading in passive companies with tax
losses carried forward 126
6.2.1. Start-up entities 127
6.2.2. Advance certainty 128
6.2.3. Relief 128
6.2.4. Decrees 129
6.2.5. Case law 129
6.2.5.1. Passive enterprise, active investments 129
6.2.5.2. How strictly should loss limitation rules be applied 130
6.2.5.3. Deferral of losses 131
6.3. The Bosal rules 131
6.3.1. Do the Bosal loss compensation rules constitute
illegal State aid? 132
6.4. Losses in tax-consolidated groups 133
Chapter 7: Mergers 135
7.1. Share merger facilities 135
7.1.1. Introduction 135
x
7.1.2. Corporate income tax position under the participation
exemption 136
7.1.3. Corporate income tax position where participation
exemption is not available 136
7.1.3.1. Caselaw 137
7.1.4. Exemption from real estate transfer tax 139
7.1.5. Dividend withholding tax 139
7.2. Asset merger facilities 139
7.2.1. Introduction 139
7.2.2. Exemption from corporate income tax 140
7.2.2.1. Conditions 140
7.2.2.2. Anti-abuse measure 141
7.2.2.3. Decree: issuing preference shares in asset mergers 142
7.2.3. Exemption from real estate transfer tax 143
7.2.3.1. Conditions 143
7.2.3.2. Case law: possible questions to the ECJ 144
7.3. Legal mergers 145
7.3.1. Introduction 145
7.3.2. Legal mergers under corporate income tax law 145
7.3.2.1. Conditions 146
7.3.2.2. Anti-abuse measure against leveraged takeovers 148
7.3.2.3. Case law: Supreme Court rules on application of
Merger Directive 148
7.3.3. Exemptions from real estate transfer tax 149
7.3.4. Exemption from dividend withholding tax 149
7.4. Legal demergers 150
7.4.1. Introduction 150
7.4.2. Exemptions from corporate income tax 150
7.4.2.1. Conditions 150
7.4.2.2. Anti-abuse measure against leveraged takeovers 152
7.4.3. Exemption from real estate transfer tax 152
7.4.3.1. Conditions 153
7.4.4. Exemption from dividend withholding tax 153
xi
Chapter 8: Outbound investment 155
8.1. Unilateral Decree for the Prevention of Double
Taxation 155
8.1.1. Subject to tax criterion 156
8.1.2. Definition of a permanent establishment 157
8.1.3. Exemption method 158
8.1.3.1. Calculating the exemption 158
8.1.3.2. Decree on inspector's confirmation of foreign profit
carried forward 161
8.1.3.3. Passive foreign enterprise 162
8.1.3.4. Caselaw 162
8.1.4. Tax credit method 166
8.1.4.1. Calculating the foreign tax credit 167
8.1.4.2. Decree on developing country transitions 168
8.1.4.3. Foreign tax credit for passive foreign enterprise 168
8.1.4.4. Definition of dividends, interest and royalties 169
8.1.5. Preventing trading in companies with foreign profits
carried forward 170
8.2. Tax treaties 172
8.2.1. Decrees 172
8.2.2. Case law 178
8.2.3. Tax sparing credits 184
8.2.3.1. Case law: material test of investment Stimulus for tax
sparing credit 185
8.2.3.2. Decree: tax sparing credit - policy 185
8.3. EC Parent-Subsidiary Directive 186
8.4. Foreign withholding tax at the source 186
Chapter 9: Participation exemption 187
9.1. Conditions 187
9.1.1. Minimum participation of 5% 188
9.1.1.1. Less than 5% participations 188
9.1.1.2. Caselaw 188
9.1.1.3. Decrees 190
9.1.1.4. EU participations 191
9.1.1.5. A 5% interest in taxable limited partnerships 191
xii
9.1.1.6. Extended participations (meetrekregeling) 192
9.1.2. Low-taxed portfolio participations 193
9.1.2.1. Free investments 193
9.1.2.2. Real estate participations 195
9.1.2.3. Subject to at least 10% income tax 195
9.1.2.4. Country 195
9.1.2.5. Income tax 196
9.1.2.6. Caselaw 196
9.1.2.7. Decrees 198
9.1.2.8. Case law: minimum holding period 205
9.1.2.9. Shares in passive group finance companies 206
9.1.2.9.1. Gibraltar companies 208
9.1.2.9.2. Application extended list of entities under Parent-
Subsidiary Directive 208
9.2. Tax credit for low-taxed portfolio participations 208
9.2.1. Introduction 208
9.2.2. The gross-up 209
9.2.3. Excluded items of income 210
9.2.4. Credit for positive grossed-up income 210
9.2.4.1. EC participations 211
9.2.4.2. Other excess participation credits 211
9.2.4.3. Extensive example 212
9.3. Exempt items 213
9.3.1. Income and gains 213
9.3.1.1. Caselaw 214
9.3.1.2. Decrees 214
9.3.2. Stock options 215
9.3.2.1. Caselaw 215
9.3.3. Earn-out arrangements 219
9.3.3.1. Decree 220
9.3.4. Hybrid loans 223
9.3.4.1. Supreme Court rules on pretparticipatif and Türe
Subordinee ä Duree lndetermin.ee li'h
9.3.4.2. Decrees 225
9.3.5. Currency exchange results 225
9.3.6. Splitting profits in time 226
9.3.7. Gains on shares acquired through a merger 226
9.4. Cost deductions 227
9.4.1. Ordinary costs 227
xiii
9.4.2. The Bosal decision 227
9.4.2.1. Decree on reach of the Bosal decision 229
9.4.2.2. Case law on reach of the Bosal decision 234
9.4.2.3. Limitations on loss conipensation 240
9.4.3. Acquisition and disposal costs 240
9.4.4. Interest and currency exchange results on loans 241
9.4.4.1. Hedging 241
9.4.4.1.1. The Situation until 1997 241
9.4.4.1.2. The Situation between 1997 and 2003 241
9.4.4.1.3. The Situation as of 1 January 2004 243
9.4.4.1.4. The Situation as of 1 January 2007 243
9.4.4.2. Decrees on general deduction of costs 244
9.5. Loss from liquidation 246
9.5.1. General System 246
9.5.2. Conditions 247
9.5.3. Determination loss from liquidation 247
9.5.3.1. Historie cost price 247
9.5.3.2. Liquidation proeeeds 248
9.5.4. Decrees 248
9.6. Anti-abuse measures 251
9.6.1. Conversion of loans into shares 251
9.6.1.1. Introduction 251
9.6.1.2. Anti-abuse measure 252
9.6.2. Converting branches into partieipations 255
9.6.2.1. Introduction 255
9.6.2.2. Anti-abuse measure 255
9.6.2.3. Decrees 256
9.6.2.4. Amendments enacted in 2007 257
9.6.3. Making partieipations subjeet to tax 259
9.6.3.1. Introduction 259
9.6.3.2. Anti-abuse measure 259
9.6.3.3. Abolishment per 1 January 2007 259
9.6.3.4. Decrees 260
9.7. Alternative to partieipation exemption: rollover on
shares? 260
xiv
Chapter 10: Tax-consolidated groups 261
10.1. What is tax consolidation? 261
10.2. Conditions for forming a Consolidated group 262
10.2.1. Additional conditions under which a permanent
establishment may form part of a Consolidated group 265
10.3. Consequences of having a consolidated group 266
10.4. Start of the consolidation 267
10.5. During the consolidation 268
10.5.1. Foreign profits and losses 269
10.5.1.1. Tax consolidation does notcause companies tobe
disregarded for treaty purposes 272
10.5.1.2. Decree on foreign tax relief 273
10.5.2. Measures preventing double dipping of results 274
10.5.3. Measures limiting leveraged takeovers 274
10.5.3.1. Calculation example 275
10.5.3.2. Caselaw 277
10.5.4. Loss compensation 278
10.5.4.1. Allocating profit to consolidated members 279
10.5.4.2. Pre-and post-consolidation results 281
10.5.4.3. Decrees 282
10.5.4.4. Example of loss compensation calculation 283
10.6. End of the consolidation 284
10.6.1. How does a consolidation end? 284
10.6.2. Upon deconsolidation 285
10.6.3. Losses after deconsolidation 286
10.6.3.1. Decree 287
10.6.4. Reinvestment and cost equalisation reserve 287
10.6.5. Intercompany debt 288
10.6.6. Deconsolidation prior to liquidation 288
10.6.7. Valuation of a deconsolidated subsidiary 288
10.6.8. Foreign results 289
10.7. Anti-abuse measures 289
10.7.1. Transfer of hidden reserves within the group 289
10.7.1.1. Introduction 289
10.7.1.2. What the law says 290
xv
10.7.1.3. Caselaw 291
Chapter 11: Royalty and interest box 293
11.1. Introduction 293
11.2. Royalty box 293
11.2.1. The royalty box volume 293
11.2.2. Production costs 294
11.2.3. Applicable income 295
11.3. Group interest box 295
11.3.1. Related entities 296
11.3.2. Duration 296
11.3.3. Interest box income volume 296
Chapter 12: Inbound investment 299
12.1. Income from a Dutch enterprise 299
12.1.1. Permanent establishments 300
12.1.1.1. Definition 300
12.1.1.2. Partnerships 300
12.1.1.3. Q A decree on international taxation 301
12.1.2. Realestate 302
12.1.3. Case law: allocation of costs 302
12.2. Substantial interests 304
12.2.1. Definition of substantial interest 304
12.2.1.1. Residents of non-treaty countries 305
12.2.1.2. Residents of treaty countries 305
12.2.2. Taxable objects of substantial interest holders 306
12.3. Q A decree on international taxation 307
Chapter 13: Dividend tax 311
13.1. Mutual investment funds 311
xvi
13.2. Taxable profit distributions 311
13.2.1. The recognised contributions made on shares 312
13.2.1.1. Dutch dividend tax on acquired foreign profit
reserves 312
13.2.2. Redemption of shares 314
13.2.2.1. Qualification of redemption of shares undertax
treaties 314
13.2.2.2. Supreme Court classifies temporary repurchase of
shares 315
13.3. Exemptions 316
13.3.1. Participation exemption 317
13.3.2. Exemptions under EC law and the Parent-Subsidiary
Directive 317
13.3.2.1. Decree on dividends to and from Switzerland 319
13.3.2.2. No Dutch dividend tax on 2.25% Strategie interest of
EU companies 320
13.3.3. Redemption of shares 321
13.3.3.1. Caselaw 323
13.3.4. Dividend distributions within a tax-Consolidated
group 323
13.3.5. Dividend tax credit 323
13.3.5.1. Defining tax with respect to speeifie countries 324
13.3.5.2. Hungary 324
13.3.5.3. Turkey 324
13.3.6. Permanent establishments 325
13.3.7. Nil per cent tax to Netherlands Antilles 329
13.4. Tax rate and tax collection 329
13.4.1. Gross-up for net dividend distributions 329
13.4.2. Dividend tax rates under tax treaties 330
13.5. Dividend stripping 330
13.6. Dividend tax in case of emigration 330
13.7. Formal law 334
13.7.1. Decrees 335
xvii
Chapter 14: Other anti-abuse legislation 341
14.1. Fraus legis (abuse of law doctrine) 341
14.2. Surtax - abolished per 1 January 2005 342
14.3. Dividend stripping 343
14.3.1. Background - preceding case law 343
14.3.1.1. English market maker 343
14.3.1.2. Dutch market maker 343
14.3.2. Dividend stripping measures 344
14.3.2.1. Legislation 345
14.3.2.2. Some relief 346
14.4. Conduit structures 347
14.4.1. Introduction 347
14.4.2. Real economic risk 347
14.4.3. Real substance 347
14.5. Transfer pricing 348
14.6. CFC legislation 349
14.6.1. Credit for underlying taxes 350
14.6.2. Decrees 351
14.7. Exchange of Information 351
14.7.1. Taxtreaties 352
14.8. Statute of limitations 356
14.8.1. Case law 356
Chapter 15: Ruling practice 359
15.1. Jurisdiction 359
15.2. Information required and other conditions under
APAs and ATRs 360
15.3. Decree on rulings for taxpayers providing
intercompany Services 361
15.3.1. Definition of intercompany Services 361
xviii
15.3.2. Conditions 361
15.3.3. Conduit finance structures 361
15.3.3.1. Caselaw 362
15.3.4. Substance requirements 362
15.3.5. Q A decree 363
15.4. Decree on good faith towards treaty partners 363
15.5. APAs 363
15.6. Decree on hybrid loans 364
15.7. Statistics on ruling practice 364
15.8. Special knowledge groups 366
Chapter 16: Employee stock Option plans 369
16.1. Introduction 369
16.2. Legislation 369
16.2.1. Determining the deductible amount for corporate
income tax purposes 369
16.2.2. Dealing with shares acquired to cover the Option
liabilities 370
16.2.2.1. Corporate income tax 371
16.2.2.2. Dividend tax 371
16.3. Case law on treatment of stock options for employer 371
16.4. Decrees 373
Chapter 17: Functional currency regime 379
17.1. Beginning of functional currency reporting 379
17.2. End of functional currency reporting 380
17.3. Conversion rates used 381
xix
17.4. Foreign permanent establishments 382
Chapter 18: Real estate transfer tax 385
18.1. Introduction 385
18.2. Taxable actions 385
18.3. Exemptions 386
18.3.1. Internal reorganisations 387
18.4. Basis and tax rate 388
Chapter 19: Special facilities for expatriate workers 389
19.1. Tax-free expense allowance for extraterritorial
expenses 389
19.2. Conditions for the payment of a tax-free expense
allowance 390
19.3. Term of the tax-free expense allowance 391
19.4. Extraterritorial expenses 393
19.5. Level of the tax-free expense allowance 394
xx |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Müller, Johann |
| author_facet | Müller, Johann |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Müller, Johann |
| author_variant | j m jm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023110648 |
| callnumber-first | K - Law |
| callnumber-label | KKM3550 |
| callnumber-raw | KKM3550 |
| callnumber-search | KKM3550 |
| callnumber-sort | KKM 43550 |
| classification_rvk | QL 470 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)193175716 (DE-599)BVBBV023110648 |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01546nam a2200433 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV023110648</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">00000000000000.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">080201s2007 |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9789087220242</subfield><subfield code="9">978-90-8722-024-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)193175716</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV023110648</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-M382</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">KKM3550</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">QL 470</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)141729:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Müller, Johann</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">The Netherlands in international tax planning</subfield><subfield code="c">Johann Müller</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">2. ed.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Amsterdam</subfield><subfield code="b">IBFD</subfield><subfield code="c">2007</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XX, 396 S.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Belastingrecht</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Internationaal belastingrecht</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Ondernemingen</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Recht</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Steuer</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Business enterprises, Foreign</subfield><subfield code="x">Taxation</subfield><subfield code="x">Law and legislation</subfield><subfield code="z">Netherlands</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Investments, Foreign</subfield><subfield code="x">Taxation</subfield><subfield code="x">Law and legislation</subfield><subfield code="z">Netherlands</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Tax planning</subfield><subfield code="z">Netherlands</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Taxation</subfield><subfield code="x">Law and legislation</subfield><subfield code="z">Netherlands</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Nederland</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Niederlande</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HBZ Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016313248&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016313248</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Nederland gtt Niederlande |
| geographic_facet | Nederland Niederlande |
| id | DE-604.BV023110648 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:48:12Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:11:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789087220242 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016313248 |
| oclc_num | 193175716 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M382 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-M382 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | XX, 396 S. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | IBFD |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Müller, Johann Verfasser aut The Netherlands in international tax planning Johann Müller 2. ed. Amsterdam IBFD 2007 XX, 396 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Belastingrecht gtt Internationaal belastingrecht gtt Ondernemingen gtt Recht Steuer Business enterprises, Foreign Taxation Law and legislation Netherlands Investments, Foreign Taxation Law and legislation Netherlands Tax planning Netherlands Taxation Law and legislation Netherlands Nederland gtt Niederlande HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016313248&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Müller, Johann The Netherlands in international tax planning Belastingrecht gtt Internationaal belastingrecht gtt Ondernemingen gtt Recht Steuer Business enterprises, Foreign Taxation Law and legislation Netherlands Investments, Foreign Taxation Law and legislation Netherlands Tax planning Netherlands Taxation Law and legislation Netherlands |
| title | The Netherlands in international tax planning |
| title_auth | The Netherlands in international tax planning |
| title_exact_search | The Netherlands in international tax planning |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Netherlands in international tax planning |
| title_full | The Netherlands in international tax planning Johann Müller |
| title_fullStr | The Netherlands in international tax planning Johann Müller |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Netherlands in international tax planning Johann Müller |
| title_short | The Netherlands in international tax planning |
| title_sort | the netherlands in international tax planning |
| topic | Belastingrecht gtt Internationaal belastingrecht gtt Ondernemingen gtt Recht Steuer Business enterprises, Foreign Taxation Law and legislation Netherlands Investments, Foreign Taxation Law and legislation Netherlands Tax planning Netherlands Taxation Law and legislation Netherlands |
| topic_facet | Belastingrecht Internationaal belastingrecht Ondernemingen Recht Steuer Business enterprises, Foreign Taxation Law and legislation Netherlands Investments, Foreign Taxation Law and legislation Netherlands Tax planning Netherlands Taxation Law and legislation Netherlands Nederland Niederlande |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016313248&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mullerjohann thenetherlandsininternationaltaxplanning |