Contracts in crises: excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Durham, N.C.
Carolina Acad. Press
2007
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XXVI, 299 S. |
| ISBN: | 9781594602696 1594602697 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Speidel, Richard E. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Contracts in crises |b excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts |c Richard E. Speidel |
| 264 | 1 | |a Durham, N.C. |b Carolina Acad. Press |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXVI, 299 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Impossibility of performance |z United States | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Vis major (Civil law) |z United States | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Illegal contracts |z United States | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Retroactive laws |z United States | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Insurance policies |z United States | |
| 651 | 4 | |a USA | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016304928&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Klappentext |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016304928 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137360894459904 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Table of Cases
xvii
Preface
xxv
Chapter One Introduction
3
A. Terrorism,
9/11
and the Focus of This Book
3
B. Contract as Private Law
7
1.
The Impracticability Defense
7
(a) In General
7
(b) Retrospective Acts and the Zone of Coercion
8
(c) Relief after Discharge
9
2.
An Example
10
3.
Contract as Private Law
11
(a) Latent Public Interests in Private Contract Law
12
(b) Contract Theory
14
(1)
Formalist Theory
14
(2)
Realist Theory
16
C. Constitutional Controls on Retrospective Legislation
17
1.
Retrospective Federal Laws that Impair Existing Contracts
17
(a) Power to Enact
19
(b) Retrospective Acts and Due Process
20
(c) Retrospective Acts and Takings
22
2.
State Impairment of Contractual Obligations
23
D. Approach of This Book
24
1.
Parallelism and the Double Whammy
24
2.
Questions Presented (Again)
25
(a) Impact of Retrospective Legislation on Existing Contracts
25
(b) Questions of Excuse and Remedy Under Private Contract
Law
26
3.
Content of the Book
27
χ
CONTENTS
Part One
Doctrinal Development
Chapter Two Contract Excuse Doctrine Prior to World War I
33
A. English Excuse Doctrine at the Beginning of the 20th Century
33
1.
Absolute Obligation
34
2.
Implied Conditions and Impossibility of Performance
35
3.
Supervening Illegality
36
4.
Frustration of Venture
39
(a) The Frustration Doctrine
39
(b) Remedies after Relief from Frustration
40
B. Excuse Doctrine in the United States Prior to World War I
42
1.
The Received Wisdom
42
2.
Supervening Legal Impossibility Before World War I
45
(a) In General
45
(b) Acts of Congress: The Free Pass Cases
46
(1)
The Motley Case
46
(2)
The Impact of Motley
48
(c) State and Local Legislation: Prohibition
52
( 1 )
Some History
52
(2)
Effect of State and Local Prohibition on Existing
Contracts
54
Chapter Three World War I
59
A. On the Eve of War: Some Trends from
1914
to
1929 59
1.
Liberty of Contract and Economic Regulation
59
2.
Contract Doctrine
61
(a) The Commentators
61
(b) Doctrinal Positions: Williston s Analysis
62
B. World War I
64
1.
Introduction: The Impact of War
64
2.
International Charter Parties: The Isle of Mull
65
3.
Carriage of Goods by Sea
68
4.
Domestic Contracts: Wartime Legislation and Orders, and
Increased Cost to Perform
70
Chapter Four The Restatement (First) of Contracts
77
A. Background
77
B. Contract Doctrine in General
78
CONTENTS xi
1. Enforceability
of Promises
78
(a) Formation
79
(b)
Existing Illegality
79
2.
Post-Formation Obligations
80
C. Impossibility as an Excuse
82
1.
In General
82
2.
The Traditional Defenses
83
3.
An Innovation: The Essential Facts Exception
84
D. Frustration of Purpose
85
E. Restitution
86
F. Supervening Prohibition or Prevention by Law
87
1.
The Scope of Excuse: The Zone of Coercion
87
2.
Retrospective Acts and Risk Allocation Policy
88
(a) Text and Comments
88
(b) Interpretive Case Law: Maryland
90
(c) Summary
95
Part Two
Doctrine In Crisis: The Great Depression and World War II
Chapter Five The Great Depression
99
A. Causes
99
B. The Effect of Contract Excuse Doctrine
101
1.
Supply Side: Excusing the Promise to Deliver
102
2.
Demand Side: Excusing the Promise to Pay
104
С
The New Deal
106
1.
Federal Legislative Power
107
(a) The Commerce Clause
107
(b) Substantive Due Process
109
2.
State Legislative Power: Regulation of the Mortgage Contract
109
(a) In General
109
(b) Impairment of the Mortgage Contract 111
D. The Gold Clause Cases
114
1.
Going Off
the Gold Standard
114
2.
Abrogation of Contractual Obligations to Pay: The Gold
Clause Cases
116
(a) Norman v. Baltimore
&
Ohio R. Co
117
(1)
The Facts
117
(2 )
Free Pass Case Compared
118
xii CONTENTS
(3)
Congressional
Power 119
3.
Summary
121
Chapter Six World War II and the Continuing State of National
Emergency
123
A. A Time for Sacrifice and Cooperation
123
B. Excuse under Private Contracts
125
1.
Basic Principles at Work: The Jackson Case
125
2.
Leases and Frustration of Purpose: Lloyd v. Murphy
130
C. Excuse under Government Contracts
133
1.
In General
133
2.
Retrospective Acts and Rights under Government Contracts
136
(a) Termination for Convenience
136
(b) Sovereign Acts Defense
137
3.
Fifth Amendment Takings
138
(a) Private Contracts
139
(b) Government Contracts
139
D. Summary
141
Part Three
Doctrinal Reformulation and Application
Chapter Seven The Reformulation of Excuse Doctrine: Article Two
of the Uniform Commercial Code and the
Restatement (Second) of Contracts
145
A. Post-War Contract Theory: The Realists
145
B. Article
2
(Sales) of the UCC
148
1.
Background
148
2.
Excuse in Sales Law: Some History
150
3.
Excuse under Article
2
Sales: Restrospective Government Acts
151
(a) Overview
151
(b
)
Casualty to Identified Goods
151
(c) Substituted Performance
152
(d) Failure of Presupposed Conditions: Basic Assumption
and Impracticability
153
( 1 )
Basic Assumption
154
(2)
Impracticability
155
(e) Compliance with Government Regulations or Orders
156
CONTENTS xiii
(f)
Relief
after
Excuse
159
C.
Excuse Doctrine in Transition: The Suez Canal Cases
160
1.
Introduction
160
2.
Two
Cases
162
D.
The Restatement
(Second)
of Contracts
166
1.
Background
166
2.
Chapter
11:
Impracticability of Performance and Frustration
of Purpose
167
(a) Legislative History
167
(b) Contract Doctrine in and around Chapter
11 168
( 1 )
General Principles
168
(2)
Existing Illegality: Contracts Against Public Policy
169
(c) Excuse Doctrine and Retrospective Government Acts
171
(1)
Basic Principles
171
(2)
Particular Applications
172
(3)
Compliance with Governmental Regulation or Order:
The Zone of Coercion
172
(d) Frustration of Purpose
173
(e) Remedies upon Discharge
174
3.
Basic Assumption and Impracticability: A Reprise
174
(a) Basic Assumption
175
(b) Impracticability
176
E. The Suez Canal Cases Revisited
177
Chapter Eight Testing the Reformulation:
1980-2005 181
A. Contemporary Context: The Deregulated Society?
181
B. Contract Theory
184
1.
In General
184
2.
Law and Economics
185
3.
Behavioral Decision Theory
188
(a) Ex ante Decisions by Parties to the Contract
189
(b) Ex post Decisions by Court or Arbitrator: The
Hindsight Bias
190
C. Core Questions Revisited: The Courts Speak
192
1.
Applying the Reformulated Impracticability Doctrine
193
(a) Forms of Agreed Risk Allocation
193
(1)
In General
193
( 2 )
Agreed Modifications
195
(3)
Price Terms
196
CONTENTS
(4) Force
Majeure Clauses
198
(b) Basic
Assumption: Herein of Foreseeability
199
(c)
Impracticability
204
(d)
Frustration of Purpose
207
(e) The Consequences of Fault
210
2.
Retrospective Government Acts
213
(a) The Special Rule
213
(b) Retrospective Illegality
214
(c) Retrospective Acts Impairing or Preventing Performance
217
(d) Retrospective Acts and Increased Costs to Perform
220
(e) Frustration of Purpose
221
(f) Summary
225
3.
Remedies after Relief from Impracticability
225
Part Four
The Energy and Savings and Loan Crises
Chapter Nine
Long-Term
Contracts and the Energy Crisis
229
A. In General
229
B. Beyond Realism: Relational Contracts
231
C. Contracts Adversely Affected by Energy Crises: In General
234
D. Take or Pay Contracts in the Natural Gas Industry
239
1.
Nature of the Contract
239
2.
The
Sabine
Corporation Case: Excuse Denied
242
Take or Pay Clause
243
Force
Majeure
Clause
244
Impracticability under UCC
2-615 245
Frustration of Purpose
246
E. Remedies for Breach of Take or Pay Contracts
247
1.
Remedies Where No Repudiation
248
2.
Remedies for Repudiation
252
F. Alternative Theories
253
1.
Relational Perspectives
253
2.
Remedies if Excuse Granted
255
(a) American Law
255
(b) International Contract Principles
256
CONTENTS xv
Chapter Ten Retrospective Acts in Public Contracts: The Winstar
Case
257
A. Introduction: The Role of Private Law in Public Contracts
257
B. Types of Public Contracts
261
1.
United States v. Winstar. A First Look
261
2.
Regulatory and Other Public Contracts
261
C. United States v. Winstar
264
1.
The Decision on Liability
264
2.
Public Law Defenses
266
(a) Unmistakability Defense
267
(b) Sovereign Acts Defense
267
3.
Defenses under Private Contract Law
269
4.
Mobil Oil Exploration Case Compared
271
D. Remedies in Winstar Related Cases
273
E. Did the Retrospective Government Act Take Property without
Due Process of Law?
277
Chapter Eleven Conclusion: Justifying the Zone of Coercion
281
A. Constitutionality of Legal Transitions
282
B. Scope and Effect of Contract Default Rules for Excuse
283
C. The Zone of Coercion
284
D. United States v. Winstar: Yet Another Look
284
E. The Foreseeability Test: Should it be Rejected in the Zone?
286
1.
Development of Foreseeability Test: A Reprise
286
2.
Difficulties with the Foreseeability Test
288
(a) Problems of Proof
288
(1)
In General
288
(2)
Cognitive Biases
289
(b) Public Policies in the Zone
289
( 1 )
Protecting against Coercion: Impracticability
290
(b) Incentives to Obey the Law
291
(c) Protecting the Promisee: Government Contract Analogies
292
F. Revising Section
264
of the Restatement, Second, of Contracts
293
Index
295
When a crisis, such as war,
9/11,
or a
natural disaster, occurs, government fre¬
quently responds with laws that have ret¬
rospective effects on existing contracts.
Because these laws are usually constitu¬
tional, the promisee has no claim against
the government. The promisor, however,
will probably be granted excuse from the
contract because the promised performance is now either illegal because of,
or impaired by, the retrospective acts. The promisor is in the zone of co¬
ercion where continued performance
bréales
the law. If excuse is granted,
the contract is discharged, but the promisee, because of limited remedies,
will not be restored to its pre-contract position.
This book traces and critiques the development of contract excuse doc¬
trine and its application by courts in the zone of coercion. Necessar
Ду,
the
development of more general excuse doctrine and different theories of risk
allocation is also treated in both private and public contracts. Speidel con¬
cludes that contract rights created by private law have received inadequate
protection against what amounts to con¬
stitutional takings by government. His
proposed solution is a blend of private
and public contract law principles that
deny excuse to the promisor in the Zone
unless the promisee s reliance interest is
protected.
Richard E. Speidel is Professor of Law at the University of San Diego
School of Law and Beatrice
Kuhn
Professor of Law Emeritus at Northwest¬
ern University School of Law. He has taught and written extensively in the
areas of contracts, government contracts, commercial law, and commercial
arbitration. He is co-author (with Ian Ayres) of a leading casebook on con¬
tracts, Studies in Contract Law., and was from
1990-1999
Reporter for the
proposed revision of Article
2,
Sales, of the Uniform Commercial Code. He
is. also co-author of Arbitration Law in America: A Critical Assessment, pub¬
lished by Cambridge University Press in
2006.
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Table of Cases
xvii
Preface
xxv
Chapter One Introduction
3
A. Terrorism,
9/11
and the Focus of This Book
3
B.' Contract as Private Law
7
1.
The Impracticability Defense
7
(a) In General
7
(b) Retrospective Acts and the Zone of Coercion
8
(c) Relief after Discharge
9
2.
An Example
10
3.
Contract as Private Law
11
(a) Latent Public Interests in Private Contract Law
12
(b) Contract Theory
14
(1)
Formalist Theory
14
(2)
Realist Theory
16
C. Constitutional Controls on Retrospective Legislation
17
1.
Retrospective Federal Laws that Impair Existing Contracts
17
(a) Power to Enact
19
(b) Retrospective Acts and Due Process
20
(c) Retrospective Acts and Takings
22
2.
State Impairment of Contractual Obligations
23
D. Approach of This Book
24
1.
Parallelism and the Double Whammy
24
2.
Questions Presented (Again)
25
(a) Impact of Retrospective Legislation on Existing Contracts
25
(b) Questions of Excuse and Remedy Under Private Contract
Law
26
3.
Content of the Book
27
χ
CONTENTS
Part One
Doctrinal Development
Chapter Two Contract Excuse Doctrine Prior to World War I
33
A. English Excuse Doctrine at the Beginning of the 20th Century
33
1.
Absolute Obligation
34
2.
Implied Conditions and Impossibility of Performance
35
3.
Supervening Illegality
36
4.
Frustration of Venture
39
(a) The Frustration Doctrine
39
(b) Remedies after Relief from Frustration
40
B. Excuse Doctrine in the United States Prior to World War I
42
1.
The Received Wisdom
42
2.
Supervening Legal Impossibility Before World War I
45
(a) In General
45
(b) Acts of Congress: The "Free Pass" Cases
46
(1)
The Motley Case
46
(2)
The Impact of Motley
48
(c) State and Local Legislation: Prohibition
52
( 1 )
Some History
52
(2)
Effect of State and Local Prohibition on Existing
Contracts
54
Chapter Three World War I
59
A. On the Eve of War: Some Trends from
1914
to
1929 59
1.
Liberty of Contract and Economic Regulation
59
2.
Contract Doctrine
61
(a) The Commentators
61
(b) Doctrinal Positions: Williston's Analysis
62
B. World War I
64
1.
Introduction: The Impact of War
64
2.
International Charter Parties: The Isle of Mull
65
3.
Carriage of Goods by Sea
68
4.
Domestic Contracts: Wartime Legislation and Orders, and
Increased Cost to Perform
70
Chapter Four The Restatement (First) of Contracts
77
A. Background
77
B. Contract Doctrine in General
78
CONTENTS xi
1. Enforceability
of Promises
78
(a) Formation
79
(b)
Existing Illegality
79
2.
Post-Formation Obligations
80
C. Impossibility as an Excuse
82
1.
In General
82
2.
The Traditional Defenses
83
3.
An Innovation: The Essential Facts Exception
84
D. Frustration of Purpose
85
E. Restitution
86
F. Supervening Prohibition or Prevention by Law
87
1.
The Scope of Excuse: The Zone of Coercion
87
2.
Retrospective Acts and Risk Allocation Policy
88
(a) Text and Comments
88
(b) Interpretive Case Law: Maryland
90
(c) Summary
95
Part Two
Doctrine In Crisis: The "Great Depression" and World War II
Chapter Five The "Great Depression"
99
A. Causes
99
B. The Effect of Contract Excuse Doctrine
101
1.
Supply Side: Excusing the Promise to Deliver
102
2.
Demand Side: Excusing the Promise to Pay
104
С
The New Deal
106
1.
Federal Legislative Power
107
(a) The Commerce Clause
107
(b) Substantive Due Process
109
2.
State Legislative Power: Regulation of the Mortgage Contract
109
(a) In General
109
(b) Impairment of the Mortgage Contract 111
D. The Gold Clause Cases
114
1.
"Going Off
"
the Gold Standard
114
2.
Abrogation of Contractual Obligations to Pay: The Gold
Clause Cases
116
(a) Norman v. Baltimore
&
Ohio R. Co
117
(1)
The Facts
117
(2 )
"Free Pass" Case Compared
118
xii CONTENTS
(3)
Congressional
Power 119
3.
Summary
121
Chapter Six World War II and the Continuing State of National
Emergency
123
A. A Time for Sacrifice and Cooperation
123
B. Excuse under Private Contracts
125
1.
Basic Principles at Work: The Jackson Case
125
2.
Leases and Frustration of Purpose: Lloyd v. Murphy
130
C. Excuse under Government Contracts
133
1.
In General
133
2.
Retrospective Acts and Rights under Government Contracts
136
(a) Termination for Convenience
136
(b) Sovereign Acts Defense
137
3.
Fifth Amendment Takings
138
(a) Private Contracts
139
(b) Government Contracts
139
D. Summary
141
Part Three
Doctrinal Reformulation and Application
Chapter Seven The Reformulation of Excuse Doctrine: Article Two
of the Uniform Commercial Code and the
Restatement (Second) of Contracts
145
A. Post-War Contract Theory: The Realists
145
B. Article
2
(Sales) of the UCC
148
1.
Background
148
2.
Excuse in Sales Law: Some History
150
3.
Excuse under Article
2
Sales: Restrospective Government Acts
151
(a) Overview
151
(b
)
Casualty to Identified Goods
151
(c) Substituted Performance
152
(d) Failure of Presupposed Conditions: Basic Assumption
and Impracticability
153
( 1 )
Basic Assumption
154
(2)
Impracticability
155
(e) Compliance with Government Regulations or Orders
156
CONTENTS xiii
(f)
Relief
after
Excuse
159
C.
Excuse Doctrine in Transition: The Suez Canal Cases
160
1.
Introduction
160
2.
Two
Cases
162
D.
The Restatement
(Second)
of Contracts
166
1.
Background
166
2.
Chapter
11:
Impracticability of Performance and Frustration
of Purpose
167
(a) Legislative History
167
(b) Contract Doctrine in and around Chapter
11 168
( 1 )
General Principles
168
(2)
Existing Illegality: Contracts Against Public Policy
169
(c) Excuse Doctrine and Retrospective Government Acts
171
(1)
Basic Principles
171
(2)
Particular Applications
172
(3)
Compliance with Governmental Regulation or Order:
The Zone of Coercion
172
(d) Frustration of Purpose
173
(e) Remedies upon Discharge
174
3.
Basic Assumption and Impracticability: A Reprise
174
(a) Basic Assumption
175
(b) Impracticability
176
E. The Suez Canal Cases Revisited
177
Chapter Eight Testing the Reformulation:
1980-2005 181
A. Contemporary Context: The Deregulated Society?
181
B. Contract Theory
184
1.
In General
184
2.
Law and Economics
185
3.
Behavioral Decision Theory
188
(a) Ex ante Decisions by Parties to the Contract
189
(b) Ex post Decisions by Court or Arbitrator: The
"Hindsight" Bias
190
C. Core Questions Revisited: The Courts Speak
192
1.
Applying the Reformulated Impracticability Doctrine
193
(a) Forms of Agreed Risk Allocation
193
(1)
In General
193
( 2 )
Agreed Modifications
195
(3)
Price Terms
196
CONTENTS
(4) Force
Majeure Clauses
198
(b) Basic
Assumption: Herein of Foreseeability
199
(c)
Impracticability
204
(d)
Frustration of Purpose
207
(e) The Consequences of Fault
210
2.
Retrospective Government Acts
213
(a) The Special Rule
213
(b) Retrospective "Illegality"
214
(c) Retrospective Acts Impairing or Preventing Performance
217
(d) Retrospective Acts and Increased Costs to Perform
220
(e) Frustration of Purpose
221
(f) Summary
225
3.
Remedies after Relief from Impracticability
225
Part Four
The Energy and Savings and Loan Crises
Chapter Nine
Long-Term
Contracts and the Energy Crisis
229
A. In General
229
B. Beyond Realism: Relational Contracts
231
C. Contracts Adversely Affected by Energy Crises: In General
234
D. Take or Pay Contracts in the Natural Gas Industry
239
1.
Nature of the Contract
239
2.
The
Sabine
Corporation Case: Excuse Denied
242
Take or Pay Clause
243
Force
Majeure
Clause
244
Impracticability under UCC
2-615 245
Frustration of Purpose
246
E. Remedies for Breach of Take or Pay Contracts
247
1.
Remedies Where No Repudiation
248
2.
Remedies for Repudiation
252
F. Alternative Theories
253
1.
Relational Perspectives
253
2.
Remedies if Excuse Granted
255
(a) American Law
255
(b) International Contract Principles
256
CONTENTS xv
Chapter Ten Retrospective Acts in Public Contracts: The Winstar
Case
257
A. Introduction: The Role of Private Law in Public Contracts
257
B. Types of Public Contracts
261
1.
United States v. Winstar. A First Look
261
2.
"Regulatory" and Other Public Contracts
261
C. United States v. Winstar
264
1.
The Decision on Liability
264
2.
Public Law Defenses
266
(a) "Unmistakability" Defense
267
(b) Sovereign Acts Defense
267
3.
Defenses under Private Contract Law
269
4.
Mobil Oil Exploration Case Compared
271
D. Remedies in Winstar Related Cases
273
E. Did the Retrospective Government Act Take Property without
Due Process of Law?
277
Chapter Eleven Conclusion: Justifying the Zone of Coercion
281
A. Constitutionality of Legal Transitions
282
B. Scope and Effect of Contract Default Rules for Excuse
283
C. The Zone of Coercion
284
D. United States v. Winstar: Yet Another Look
284
E. The Foreseeability Test: Should it be Rejected in the Zone?
286
1.
Development of Foreseeability Test: A Reprise
286
2.
Difficulties with the Foreseeability Test
288
(a) Problems of Proof
288
(1)
In General
288
(2)
Cognitive Biases
289
(b) Public Policies in the Zone
289
( 1 )
Protecting against Coercion: Impracticability
290
(b) Incentives to Obey the Law
291
(c) Protecting the Promisee: Government Contract Analogies
292
F. Revising Section
264
of the Restatement, Second, of Contracts
293
Index
295
When a crisis, such as war,
9/11,
or a
natural disaster, occurs, government fre¬
quently responds with laws that have ret¬
rospective effects on existing contracts.
Because these laws are usually constitu¬
tional, the promisee has no claim against
the government. The promisor, however,
will probably be granted excuse from the
contract because the promised performance is now either illegal because of,
or impaired by, the retrospective acts. The promisor is in the "zone of co¬
ercion" where continued performance
"bréales"
the law. If excuse is granted,
the contract is discharged, but the promisee, because of limited remedies,
will not be restored to its pre-contract position.
This book traces and critiques the development of contract excuse doc¬
trine and its application by courts in the "zone of coercion." Necessar
Ду,
the
development of more general excuse doctrine and different theories of risk
allocation is also treated in both private and public contracts. Speidel con¬
cludes that contract rights created by private law have received inadequate
protection against what amounts to con¬
stitutional takings by government. His
proposed solution is a blend of private
and public contract law principles that
deny excuse to the promisor in the Zone
unless the promisee's reliance interest is
protected.
Richard E. Speidel is Professor of Law at the University of San Diego
School of Law and Beatrice
Kuhn
Professor of Law Emeritus at Northwest¬
ern University School of Law. He has taught and written extensively in the
areas of contracts, government contracts, commercial law, and commercial
arbitration. He is co-author (with Ian Ayres) of a leading casebook on con¬
tracts, Studies in Contract Law., and was from
1990-1999
Reporter for the
proposed revision of Article
2,
Sales, of the Uniform Commercial Code. He
is. also co-author of Arbitration Law in America: A Critical Assessment, pub¬
lished by Cambridge University Press in
2006. |
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| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:45:08Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:11:04Z |
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| isbn | 9781594602696 1594602697 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Speidel, Richard E. Verfasser aut Contracts in crises excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts Richard E. Speidel Durham, N.C. Carolina Acad. Press 2007 XXVI, 299 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Impossibility of performance United States Vis major (Civil law) United States Illegal contracts United States Retroactive laws United States Insurance policies United States USA Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016304928&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016304928&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Speidel, Richard E. Contracts in crises excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts Impossibility of performance United States Vis major (Civil law) United States Illegal contracts United States Retroactive laws United States Insurance policies United States |
| title | Contracts in crises excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts |
| title_auth | Contracts in crises excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts |
| title_exact_search | Contracts in crises excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Contracts in crises excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts |
| title_full | Contracts in crises excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts Richard E. Speidel |
| title_fullStr | Contracts in crises excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts Richard E. Speidel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contracts in crises excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts Richard E. Speidel |
| title_short | Contracts in crises |
| title_sort | contracts in crises excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts |
| title_sub | excuse doctrine and retrospective government acts |
| topic | Impossibility of performance United States Vis major (Civil law) United States Illegal contracts United States Retroactive laws United States Insurance policies United States |
| topic_facet | Impossibility of performance United States Vis major (Civil law) United States Illegal contracts United States Retroactive laws United States Insurance policies United States USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016304928&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016304928&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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