Łemkowie: w kręgu badań nad mniejszościami etnolingwistycznymi w Europie
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Wrocław
Wydawn. Uniw. Wrocławskiego
2006
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis
2858 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Lemkos |
| Beschreibung: | 154 s., [18] Bl. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 8322927436 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137351617708032 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
WSTĘP
.......................................... 7
ROZDZIAŁ I. Założenia metodologiczno-badawcze
.................... 15
1.
Matryca cech ekologicznych języka według Einara Haugena
............ 20
2.
Matryca ekologiczna cech języka według Zdzisława Wąsika i Elżbiety Wąsik
. . . 23
3.
Przegląd klasyfikacji (typologii) ekologicznych języków świata
.......... 33
ROZDZIAŁU. Podstawowa charakterystyka użytkowników języka łemkowskiego
..... 41
1.
Dawne rozmieszczenie terytorialne społeczności łemkowskiej
........... 41
2.
Współczesne rozmieszczenie terytorialne społeczności łemkowskiej
........ 44
3.
Etnogeneza
Łemków w świetle badań naukowych
................. 45
4.
Ważniejsze wydarzenia z historii Łemkowszczyzny
................ 54
5.
Cechy odrębności etnicznej Łemków
....................... 66
6.
Liczba użytkowników języka łemkowskiego
................... 75
ROZDZIAŁ III. Charakterystyka języka łemkowskiego
.................. 81
1.
Geneza nazwy „Łemkowie
............................ 81
2.
Ogólna charakterystyka cech strukturalnych języka łemkowskiego
......... 85
3.
Periodyzacja dziejów języka łemkowskiego
.................... 96
4.
Miejsce języka łemkowskiego w klasyfikacjach językoznawczych
......... 106
5.
Miejsce języka łemkowskiego w klasyfikacjach ekologicznych
.......... 109
ROZDZIAŁ
IV.
Status języka łemkowskiego
........................ 111
1.
Sfery funkcjonalne języka łemkowskiego
..................... 111
2.
Stosunek Łemków do języka łemkowskiego
.................... 125
3.
Instytucjonalne wsparcie języka
.......................... 128
ZAKOŃCZENIE
..................................... 131
ANEKS. Wybór tekstów w języku łemkowskim
...................... 135
BIBLIOGRAFIA
...................................... 141
SUMMARY
........................................ 151
SPIS DOKUMENTÓW I ILUSTRACJI
.......................... 153
DOKUMENTY I ILUSTRACJE
.........................
po stronie
154
THE LEMKOS
WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH
INTO ETHNOLINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN EUROPE
SUMMARY
The book deals with the Lemko problematic, a current issue considering the numerous aspects
of social, cultural and also legal practices of ethnolinguistic minorities in Europe. The book treats
of the specificity of the Lemko matters and their place in the present-day Polish literature. It places
the problematic within the current trend of ethnolinguistic research (in the so-called theoretical
problematic of minorities languages), that is, the ecology of languages. A language is considered to
be one of the systems, that is, for instance, a carrier of feelings and emotions, a type of response to
the surrounding reality, a culture s value, a tool performing a certain function in the contacts between
carriers and also, a carrier of national identity, ethnic distinctiveness. Such an approach to the
subject requires situating it within the area of the borderline influences of linguistic science,
ethnography, sociology, psychology and history. Therefore, the ecology of a certain language is
determined primarily by the people who learn the language, use it and transfer it to others. In
Methodology and research assumptions, in general epitomes, the theoretical reasons for the ecology
of languages separation and the matrices of ecological features, created by
Einar
Haugen
and two
linguists from Wroclaw
-
Elżbieta
and
Zdzisław Wąsik,
were presented, along with the already
existing models of the external description of a language (of Charles Ferguson,
Antoni Fudala,
Heinz
Kloss,
Jack
Perlin,
William Steward and others).
The grammatical and semantic structures of languages do not determine their future. The way
in which they will develop depends to a great extent on the conditions in which they will function.
The ecological classifications of languages take into account these present-day external conditions
of language features, e.g. the status of a language in a country, the actual state of its cultural
development, its territorial extent and the functions of a language (understood in a sociolinguistic
sense, that is, as a territory where it is used in as a means of communication).
The Lemko group is a community, which is ethnically distinct from the rest of Polish society.
At present, they settle the Polish territory in a diaspora, using the language that is not an official
(national) language of any other country. The Lemkos
-
today as well as in the past
-
are unified
first of all by the individual feelings of ethnic distinctiveness from the neighbouring communities.
At present the Lemkos are not a homogenous community neither in terms of their religion nor
politics. They regard their language to be the most significant feature of the Lemko character s
distinctiveness. The successive features are: their religion, the sense of a common historical territory,
the traditional culture
-
a type of the Orthodox architecture, the outlook of the farm, the outfit, the
history with an extremely important tradition of a common origin and, finally, the stereotype of the
Lemko group being still up to date despite their present dispersion.
The status of a language, its importance and diffusion to a great extent are determined by the
external conditions of its users, such as the demographic ones. The carriers of the Lemko emnolect
form a relatively not numerous ethnic group. According to the last census that was taken in
2002,
in
152_____________________________
Summary
____________________________
which the question about the people s nationality had been placed (What nationality are you?),
5.9
thousand of people out of the whole number of Polish citizens, which was
36983.7
thousand,
declared the Lemko nationality. Therefore, the Lemko population has been placed on the seventh
position in terms of the number of people, following the minorities: German, Belarusian, Ukrainian,
Silesian, Romanian and Russian. Some of the members of the Lemko group declare to be the
Ukrainian nationality. For them, the Ukrainian language is their literary language and the Lemko
language is a kind of a local, family dialect. In
1990
they established the Union of Lemkos
{Zjednoczenie Łemków)
in
Gorlice.
In
1989
the Lemko Association, an organisation of the Lemkos
-
the autonomists, was registered.
The goal of the Association is to integrate the Lemkos, nevertheless their political opinions and
religion, to cultivate the Lemko traditions and ceremonies, to spread the knowledge of the Lemko
history and culture, and to foster and teach the Lemko language. The Association has started to
make efforts towards the Polish government s acknowledgment of the Lemko group as a part of the
Carpatho-Rusyn nation. The people from the Association have led to the creation of a codified
version of their language. Through its name, the Lemko-Rusyn language has been placed within
a wider, overregional space, as a Lemko version of the Rusyn language.
In the social hierarchy, the Lemkos belong mostly to the rural community. In the meanwhile,
a group of modern intelligentsia comes into existence, stressing its own ethnic distinctiveness and
conscious of its role in maintaining the living of their language and culture. The Lemkos
-
autonomists
led to the codification of a literary version of their speech. In
2000
the Grammar of the Lemko
language by
Miroslava Chomiak
and Henry Fontansky was published. After the Second World
War, the teaching of the Lemko language at schools started in
1991.
Since October
1, 2001,
the
Academy of Pedagogy in Cracow established the faculty of Russian Philology, with the Lemko-
Rusyn language in its schedule.
The growth of the status of the Lemko ethnolect, being observed in the last couple of years, is
explained by the democratization of life in Poland.
There is no doubt that a strong language consciousness along with the feeling of internal
bonds between the Lemkos are a fact, which enabled them to preserve their language and the
culture, despite the unfavourable historical events. Nowadays the Lemkos are forced to use the
Polish language in the field of multifunctional communication. In the past, when the Lemkos were
living in consolidated groups (villages) on a consistent area and there was no need to use the Polish
language frequently, the Lemko monolingualism was a commonplace. At present, the Lemkos are
monolingual (the Polish language) and bilingual (the Lemko-Polish language).
The present situation of the Lemkos might be described as a language and cultural
diglossia
that lies in their every single choice of both the language and cultural behaviour depending on the
type of a communicational situation.
Translated by
Agnieszka
Wìszewska
|
| adam_txt |
SPIS TREŚCI
WSTĘP
. 7
ROZDZIAŁ I. Założenia metodologiczno-badawcze
. 15
1.
Matryca cech ekologicznych języka według Einara Haugena
. 20
2.
Matryca ekologiczna cech języka według Zdzisława Wąsika i Elżbiety Wąsik
. . . 23
3.
Przegląd klasyfikacji (typologii) ekologicznych języków świata
. 33
ROZDZIAŁU. Podstawowa charakterystyka użytkowników języka łemkowskiego
. 41
1.
Dawne rozmieszczenie terytorialne społeczności łemkowskiej
. 41
2.
Współczesne rozmieszczenie terytorialne społeczności łemkowskiej
. 44
3.
Etnogeneza
Łemków w świetle badań naukowych
. 45
4.
Ważniejsze wydarzenia z historii Łemkowszczyzny
. 54
5.
Cechy odrębności etnicznej Łemków
. 66
6.
Liczba użytkowników języka łemkowskiego
. 75
ROZDZIAŁ III. Charakterystyka języka łemkowskiego
. 81
1.
Geneza nazwy „Łemkowie"
. 81
2.
Ogólna charakterystyka cech strukturalnych języka łemkowskiego
. 85
3.
Periodyzacja dziejów języka łemkowskiego
. 96
4.
Miejsce języka łemkowskiego w klasyfikacjach językoznawczych
. 106
5.
Miejsce języka łemkowskiego w klasyfikacjach ekologicznych
. 109
ROZDZIAŁ
IV.
Status języka łemkowskiego
. 111
1.
Sfery funkcjonalne języka łemkowskiego
. 111
2.
Stosunek Łemków do języka łemkowskiego
. 125
3.
Instytucjonalne wsparcie języka
. 128
ZAKOŃCZENIE
. 131
ANEKS. Wybór tekstów w języku łemkowskim
. 135
BIBLIOGRAFIA
. 141
SUMMARY
. 151
SPIS DOKUMENTÓW I ILUSTRACJI
. 153
DOKUMENTY I ILUSTRACJE
.
po stronie
154
THE LEMKOS
WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH
INTO ETHNOLINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN EUROPE
SUMMARY
The book deals with the Lemko problematic, a current issue considering the numerous aspects
of social, cultural and also legal practices of ethnolinguistic minorities in Europe. The book treats
of the specificity of the Lemko matters and their place in the present-day Polish literature. It places
the problematic within the current trend of ethnolinguistic research (in the so-called theoretical
problematic of minorities' languages), that is, the ecology of languages. A language is considered to
be one of the systems, that is, for instance, a carrier of feelings and emotions, a type of response to
the surrounding reality, a culture's value, a tool performing a certain function in the contacts between
carriers and also, a carrier of national identity, ethnic distinctiveness. Such an approach to the
subject requires situating it within the area of the borderline influences of linguistic science,
ethnography, sociology, psychology and history. Therefore, the ecology of a certain language is
determined primarily by the people who learn the language, use it and transfer it to others. In
Methodology and research assumptions, in general epitomes, the theoretical reasons for the ecology
of languages' separation and the matrices of ecological features, created by
Einar
Haugen
and two
linguists from Wroclaw
-
Elżbieta
and
Zdzisław Wąsik,
were presented, along with the already
existing models of the external description of a language (of Charles Ferguson,
Antoni Fudala,
Heinz
Kloss,
Jack
Perlin,
William Steward and others).
The grammatical and semantic structures of languages do not determine their future. The way
in which they will develop depends to a great extent on the conditions in which they will function.
The ecological classifications of languages take into account these present-day external conditions
of language features, e.g. the status of a language in a country, the actual state of its cultural
development, its territorial extent and the functions of a language (understood in a sociolinguistic
sense, that is, as a territory where it is used in as a means of communication).
The Lemko group is a community, which is ethnically distinct from the rest of Polish society.
At present, they settle the Polish territory in a diaspora, using the language that is not an official
(national) language of any other country. The Lemkos
-
today as well as in the past
-
are unified
first of all by the individual feelings of ethnic distinctiveness from the neighbouring communities.
At present the Lemkos are not a homogenous community neither in terms of their religion nor
politics. They regard their language to be the most significant feature of the Lemko character's
distinctiveness. The successive features are: their religion, the sense of a common historical territory,
the traditional culture
-
a type of the Orthodox architecture, the outlook of the farm, the outfit, the
history with an extremely important tradition of a common origin and, finally, the stereotype of the
Lemko group being still up to date despite their present dispersion.
The status of a language, its importance and diffusion to a great extent are determined by the
external conditions of its users, such as the demographic ones. The carriers of the Lemko emnolect
form a relatively not numerous ethnic group. According to the last census that was taken in
2002,
in
152_
Summary
_
which the question about the people's nationality had been placed (What nationality are you?),
5.9
thousand of people out of the whole number of Polish citizens, which was
36983.7
thousand,
declared the Lemko nationality. Therefore, the Lemko population has been placed on the seventh
position in terms of the number of people, following the minorities: German, Belarusian, Ukrainian,
Silesian, Romanian and Russian. Some of the members of the Lemko group declare to be the
Ukrainian nationality. For them, the Ukrainian language is their literary language and the Lemko
language is a kind of a local, family dialect. In
1990
they established the Union of Lemkos
{Zjednoczenie Łemków)
in
Gorlice.
In
1989
the Lemko Association, an organisation of the Lemkos
-
the autonomists, was registered.
The goal of the Association is to integrate the Lemkos, nevertheless their political opinions and
religion, to cultivate the Lemko traditions and ceremonies, to spread the knowledge of the Lemko
history and culture, and to foster and teach the Lemko language. The Association has started to
make efforts towards the Polish government's acknowledgment of the Lemko group as a part of the
Carpatho-Rusyn nation. The people from the Association have led to the creation of a codified
version of their language. Through its name, the Lemko-Rusyn language has been placed within
a wider, overregional space, as a Lemko version of the Rusyn language.
In the social hierarchy, the Lemkos belong mostly to the rural community. In the meanwhile,
a group of modern intelligentsia comes into existence, stressing its own ethnic distinctiveness and
conscious of its role in maintaining the living of their language and culture. The Lemkos
-
autonomists
led to the codification of a literary version of their speech. In
2000
the Grammar of the Lemko
language by
Miroslava Chomiak
and Henry Fontansky was published. After the Second World
War, the teaching of the Lemko language at schools started in
1991.
Since October
1, 2001,
the
Academy of Pedagogy in Cracow established the faculty of Russian Philology, with the Lemko-
Rusyn language in its schedule.
The growth of the status of the Lemko ethnolect, being observed in the last couple of years, is
explained by the democratization of life in Poland.
There is no doubt that a strong language consciousness along with the feeling of internal
bonds between the Lemkos are a fact, which enabled them to preserve their language and the
culture, despite the unfavourable historical events. Nowadays the Lemkos are forced to use the
Polish language in the field of multifunctional communication. In the past, when the Lemkos were
living in consolidated groups (villages) on a consistent area and there was no need to use the Polish
language frequently, the Lemko monolingualism was a commonplace. At present, the Lemkos are
monolingual (the Polish language) and bilingual (the Lemko-Polish language).
The present situation of the Lemkos might be described as a language and cultural
diglossia
that lies in their every single choice of both the language and cultural behaviour depending on the
type of a communicational situation.
Translated by
Agnieszka
Wìszewska |
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| geographic | Lemkivshchyna (Poland and Slovakia) |
| geographic_facet | Lemkivshchyna (Poland and Slovakia) |
| id | DE-604.BV023096069 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:43:06Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:10:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 8322927436 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016298865 |
| oclc_num | 131116455 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | 154 s., [18] Bl. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Wydawn. Uniw. Wrocławskiego |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis |
| series2 | Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis |
| spelling | Misiak, Małgorzata Verfasser aut Łemkowie w kręgu badań nad mniejszościami etnolingwistycznymi w Europie Małgorzata Misiak Wrocław Wydawn. Uniw. Wrocławskiego 2006 154 s., [18] Bl. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis 2858 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Lemkos Bibliogr. s. 141-150 Łemkowie / języki jhpk Mniejszości / Europa jhpk Sprache Lemky Lemky Languages Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 gnd rswk-swf Assimilation Soziologie (DE-588)4139304-1 gnd rswk-swf Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd rswk-swf Lemken (DE-588)4035308-4 gnd rswk-swf Lemkivshchyna (Poland and Slovakia) Lemken (DE-588)4035308-4 s Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 s Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 s Assimilation Soziologie (DE-588)4139304-1 s DE-604 Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis 2858 (DE-604)BV004668106 2858 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016298865&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016298865&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Misiak, Małgorzata Łemkowie w kręgu badań nad mniejszościami etnolingwistycznymi w Europie Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis Bibliogr. s. 141-150 Łemkowie / języki jhpk Mniejszości / Europa jhpk Sprache Lemky Lemky Languages Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 gnd Assimilation Soziologie (DE-588)4139304-1 gnd Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd Lemken (DE-588)4035308-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4752223-9 (DE-588)4139304-1 (DE-588)4056449-6 (DE-588)4035308-4 |
| title | Łemkowie w kręgu badań nad mniejszościami etnolingwistycznymi w Europie |
| title_auth | Łemkowie w kręgu badań nad mniejszościami etnolingwistycznymi w Europie |
| title_exact_search | Łemkowie w kręgu badań nad mniejszościami etnolingwistycznymi w Europie |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Łemkowie w kręgu badań nad mniejszościami etnolingwistycznymi w Europie |
| title_full | Łemkowie w kręgu badań nad mniejszościami etnolingwistycznymi w Europie Małgorzata Misiak |
| title_fullStr | Łemkowie w kręgu badań nad mniejszościami etnolingwistycznymi w Europie Małgorzata Misiak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Łemkowie w kręgu badań nad mniejszościami etnolingwistycznymi w Europie Małgorzata Misiak |
| title_short | Łemkowie |
| title_sort | lemkowie w kregu badan nad mniejszosciami etnolingwistycznymi w europie |
| title_sub | w kręgu badań nad mniejszościami etnolingwistycznymi w Europie |
| topic | Łemkowie / języki jhpk Mniejszości / Europa jhpk Sprache Lemky Lemky Languages Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 gnd Assimilation Soziologie (DE-588)4139304-1 gnd Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd Lemken (DE-588)4035308-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Łemkowie / języki Mniejszości / Europa Sprache Lemky Lemky Languages Minderheit Assimilation Soziologie Lemken Lemkivshchyna (Poland and Slovakia) |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016298865&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016298865&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV004668106 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT misiakmałgorzata łemkowiewkregubadannadmniejszosciamietnolingwistycznymiweuropie |