Medical cell biology:
"The Third Edition of Medical Cell Biology focuses on the scientific aspects of cell biology important to medical students, dental students, veterinary students, and prehealth undergraduates. Maintaining a primary focus on eukaryotic cell biology, the text explains general cell biology principl...
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier, Academic Press
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The Third Edition of Medical Cell Biology focuses on the scientific aspects of cell biology important to medical students, dental students, veterinary students, and prehealth undergraduates. Maintaining a primary focus on eukaryotic cell biology, the text explains general cell biology principles in the context of organ systems and human and animal disease."--BOOK JACKET. |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 320 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM ; 12 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780123704580 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Medical cell biology |c ed. by Steven R. Goodman |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier, Academic Press |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 320 S. |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |e 1 CD-ROM ; 12 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 520 | 1 | |a "The Third Edition of Medical Cell Biology focuses on the scientific aspects of cell biology important to medical students, dental students, veterinary students, and prehealth undergraduates. Maintaining a primary focus on eukaryotic cell biology, the text explains general cell biology principles in the context of organ systems and human and animal disease."--BOOK JACKET. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cytologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cytology | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Goodman, Steven R. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016290317 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137338317570048 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contributors xi
Preface xiii
Chapter 1 Tools of the Cell Biologist 1
Microscopy: One of the Earliest Tools of
the Cell Biologist 5
Fluorescence Microscopy 7
Immunolabeling 9
Genetic Tagging 14
Electron Microscopy 15
Transmission Electron Microscopy 15
Scanning Electron Microscopy 18
Atomic-Force Microscopy 18
More Tools of Cell Biology 19
Cell Culture 19
Flow Cytometry 22
Subcellular Fractionation 23
The Techniques of Proteomics and
Genomics Are Discussed in Later Chapters 25
Summary 25
Chapter 2 Cell Membranes 27
Membrane Lipids 29
The Lipid Composition of Human and
Animal Biological Membranes Includes
Phospholipids, Cholesterol, and
Glycolipids 29
Membrane Lipids Undergo Continuous
Turnover 30
Membrane Lipids Are Constantly in Motion 33
Membrane Protein-Lipid Interactions
Are Important Mediators of Function 36
Integral and Peripheral Membrane
Proteins Differ in Structure and Function 36
Membrane Protein Organization 38
Optical Technologies Such as
Microscopy and Flow Cytometry Have
Revolutionized the Study of Membranes 38
Important Changes in Membrane
Phospholipids Occur in Sickle Cell Disease 41
The Cell Membrane Is a Selective
Permeability Barrier That Maintains
Distinct Internal and External Cellular
Environments 43
Contents
Water Movement across Membranes
Is Based on Osmosis 44
Donnan Effect and Its Relation to Water Flow 46
Facilitated Transport 47
Active Transport 48
Secondary Active Transport 48
Ion Channels and Membrane Potentials 49
The Membrane Potential Is Caused by a
Difference in Electric Charge on the
Two Sides of the Plasma Membrane 52
Action Potentials Are Propagated at
the Axon Hillock 54
Summary 56
Chapter 3 Cytoskeleton 59
Microfilaments 59
Actin-Based Cytoskeletal Structures
Were First Described in Muscle Tissue 59
Skeletal Muscle Is Formed from Bundles
of Muscle Fibers 60
The Functional Unit of Skeletal Muscle
Is the Sarcomere 60
Thin Filaments Are Built from the
Proteins Actin, Tropomyosin, Troponin,
and Tropomodulin 60
Thick Filaments Are Composed of the
Protein Myosin 64
Accessory Proteins Are Responsible for
Maintenance of Myofibril Architecture 64
Muscle Contraction Involves the Sliding
of the Thick and Thin Filaments
Relative to Each Other in the Sarcomere 66
Adenosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis Is
Necessary for Cross-Bridge Interactions
with Thin Filaments 67
Calcium Regulation of Skeletal Muscle
Contraction Is Mediated by Troponin
and Tropomyosin 68
Intracellular Calcium in Skeletal Muscle Is
Regulated by a Specialized Membrane
Compartment, the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum 69
Three Types of Muscle Tissue Exist 70
The Contractile Apparatus of Smooth
Muscle Contains Actin and Myosin 73
vii
viii Contents
Smooth-Muscle Contraction Occurs via
Myosin-Based Calcium Ion Regulatory
Mechanisms 74
Smooth-Muscle Contraction Is Influenced
at Multiple Levels 75
Actin-Myosin Contractile Structures
Are Found in Nonmuscle Cells 75
Members of the Myosin Supergene
Family Are Responsible for Movement
of Vesicles and Other Cargo Along Actin
Tracks in the Cytoplasm 77
Bundles of F-Actin Form a Structural
Support for the Microvilli of
Epithelial Cells 78
The Gel-Sol State of the Cortical
Cytoplasm Is Controlled by the
Dynamic Status of Actin 78
Cell Motility Requires Coordinated
Changes in Actin Dynamics 79
Inhibitors of Actin-Based Function 81
Actin-Binding Proteins 81
The ERM Family Mediates End-on
Association of Actin with the Cytoplasmic
Surface of the Plasma Membrane 81
Spectrin Membrane Skeleton 82
The Structure and Function of the
Erythrocyte Spectrin Membrane Skeleton
Are Understood in Exquisite Detail 82
Spectrin Is a Ubiquitous Component of
Nonerythroid Cells 85
Spectrins I and II, oc-Actinin, and
Dystrophin Form the Spectrin
Supergene Family 86
Regulation of Actin Dynamics 88
Intermediate Filaments 89
A Heterogeneous Group of Proteins Form
Intermediate Filaments in Various Cells 89
How Can Such a Heterogeneous Group
of Proteins All Form Intermediate
Filaments? 90
Microtubules 91
Microtubules Are Polymers Composed
of Tubulin 91
Microtubules Undergo Rapid Assembly
and Disassembly 91
By Capping the Minus Ends of
Microtubules, the Centrosome Acts as a
Microtubule-Organizing Center 92
The Behavior of Cytoplasmic
Microtubules Can Be Regulated 94
Microtubules Are Involved in Intracellular
Vesicle and Organelle Transport 95
Cilia and Flagella Are Specialized Organelles
Composed of Microtubules 95
Axonemal Microtubules Are Stable 97
Microtubule Sliding Results in Axonemal
Motility 97
Microtubules and Motor Proteins Are
Responsible for the Function of the
Mitotic Spindle 98
Summary 100
Chapter 4 Organelle Structure and Function 101
The Nucleus 103
Endoplasmic Reticulum 104
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 104
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 107
Leaving the Endoplasmic Reticulum:
A Paradigm for Vesicular Traffic 118
Overview of Vesicle Budding, Targeting,
and Fusion 118
Endoplasmic Reticulum to Golgi Vesicle
Transport and COPII-Coated Vesicles 121
The Golgi Apparatus 121
Glycosylation and Covalent Modification
of Proteins in the Golgi Apparatus 122
Retrograde Transport through the
Golgi Complex 123
Anterograde Transport through the
Golgi Complex 125
Leaving the Golgi Complex 125
Constitutive and Regulated Secretion 125
Lysosomal Enzymes Are Targeted via a
Mannose 6-Phosphate Signal 126
Endocytosis, Endosomes, and Lysosomes 128
Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis 128
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of Low-
Density Lipoprotein and Transferrin 129
Multivesicular Endosomes 131
Lysosomes 132
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Is
Responsible for Nonlysosomal Protein
Degradation 132
Mitochondria 134
ATP Production by Oxidative
Phosphorylation 134
Mitochondrial Genetic System 140
Defects in Mitochondrial Function
Can Cause Disease 140
Mitochondria Import Most of Their
Proteins from the Cytosol 143
Peroxisomes 145
Summary 147
Chapter 5 Regulation of Gene Expression 149
Cell Nucleus 149
Nucleus Structure 149
Nuclear Function 155
DNA Replication and Repair Are
Critical Nuclear Functions 156
Replication of DNA Occurs during the
Synthetic (S) Phase of the Cell Cycle 156
DNA Repair Is a Critical Process of
Cell Survival 159
Regulation of Gene Expression 165
Genomics and Proteomics 165
Restriction Nucleases: Enzymes That
Cleave DNA at Specific Nucleotide
Sequences 165
Gene Cloning Can Produce Large
Quantities of Any DNA Sequence 167
The Primary Structure of a Gene Can Be
Rapidly Determined by DNA Sequencing 167
Specific Regions of the Genome Can Be
Amplified with the Polymerase Chain
Reaction 168
Bioinformatics: Genomics and Proteomics
Offer Potential for Personalized Medicine 170
Transgenic Mice Offer Unique Models of
Genetic Diseases 172
Gene Expression: The Transfer of
Information from DNA to Protein 174
Genetic Therapy 189
There Are Many Obstacles to the
Development of Effective Gene Therapies 189
Many Strategies Are Available for
Gene-Based Therapies 189
Summary 190
Chapter 6 Cell Adhesion and the Extracellular
Matrix 191
Cell Adhesion 192
Most Cell Adhesion Molecules Belong to
One of Four Gene Families 192
Cadherins Are Calcium-Dependent Cell-Cell
Adhesion Molecules 192
The Immunoglobulin Family Contains
Many Important Cell Adhesion
Molecules 193
Selectins Are Carbohydrate-Binding
Adhesion Receptors 194
Integrins Are Dimeric Receptors for
Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Adhesion 195
Intercellular Junctions 195
Tight Junctions Regulate Paracellular
Permeability and Cell Polarity 196
Adherens Junctions Are Important for
Cell-Cell Adhesion 198
Desmosomes Maintain Tissue Integrity 200
Gap Junctions Are Channels for Cell-Cell
Communication 203
Hemidesmosomes Maintain Cell-Matrix
Adhesion 203
Focal Contacts Are Adhesions Formed
with the Substratum by Cultured Cells 206
Cell Adhesion Has Many Important Roles
in Tissue Function 207
Junctions Maintain Epithelial Barrier
Function and Polarity 207
Leukocytes Must Adhere and Migrate to
Combat Infection and Injury 209
Contents ix
Platelets Adhere to Form Blood Clots 210
Embryonic Development Involves Many
Adhesion-Dependent Events 212
Cell Adhesion Receptors Transmit Signals
That Regulate Cell Behavior 213
Cell Growth and Cell Survival Are
Adhesion Dependent 214
Cell Adhesion Regulates Cell
Differentiation 215
Extracellular Matrix 215
Collagen Is the Most Abundant Protein
in the Extracellular Matrix 216
Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans
Absorb Water and Resist Compression 218
Elastin and Fibrillin Provide Tissue Elasticity 220
Fibronectin Is Important for Cell Adhesion 220
Laminin Is a Key Component of Basement
Membranes 220
Basement Membranes Are Thin Matrix
Layers Specialized for Cell Attachment 221
Fibrin Forms the Matrix of Blood Clots
and Assembles Rapidly When Needed 222
von Willebrand Factor in Normal and
Abnormal Blood Clotting 223
Summary 224
Chapter 7 Intercellular Signaling 227
General Modes of Intercellular Signaling 227
Intercellular Signaling Molecules Act as
Ligands 227
Cells Exhibit Differential Responses to
Signaling Molecules 227
Intercellular Signaling Molecules Act via
Multiple Mechanisms 228
Hormones 228
Lipophilic Hormones Activate Cytosolic
Receptors 228
Receptors for Lipophilic Hormones Are
Members of the Nuclear Receptor
Superfamily 231
Peptide Hormones Activate
Membrane-Bound Receptors 231
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis 233
Growth Factors 234
Nerve Growth Factor 235
Growth Factor Families 235
Growth Factor Synthesis and Release 236
Growth Factor Receptors Are
Enzyme-Linked Receptors 236
Growth Factors Are Paracrine and
Autocrine Signalers 236
Some Growth Factors Can Act over Long
Distances 237
Some Growth Factors Interact with
Extracellular Matrix Components 237
Histamine 237
Histamine Receptor Subtypes 238
x Contents
Mast Cell Histamine Release and the
Allergic Reaction 238
Gases: Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide 238
Eicosanoids 239
Neurotransmitters 241
Electrical and Chemical Synapses 241
A Prototypical Chemical Synapse: The
Neuromuscular Junction 243
Characteristics, Synthesis, and
Metabolism of Neurotransmitters 245
Neurotransmitter Receptors 246
Divergence and Convergence of
Neurotransmitter Function 246
Spatiotemporal Summation 246
Summary 247
Chapter 8 Cell Signaling Events 249
Signaling Is Often Mediated by Cell-Surface
Receptors 249
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and
RAS-Dependent Signal Transduction 250
Fibroblast Growth Factors 250
Neuregulin 250
Signaling by Catalytic Receptors/Serine-
Threonine Kinases 253
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 254
Nodal 255
Signaling by Nonkinase Receptors 256
Wnts 257
Hedgehogs 257
Notch 260
Signaling by Steroid Hormone Receptors
Requires Ligand Interaction within the
Cytoplasm or Nucleus 262
Signaling by G-Protein-Coupled Receptors
Involves Cleavage of Guanosine
Triphosphate to Guanosine Diphosphate 265
Signaling by the Renin-Angiotensin-
Aldosterone System 266
Signaling by the Jak/STAT Pathway 267
Calcium/Calmodulin Signal Transduction 267
Signaling by the Calcineurin/NFAT pathway 268
Signaling by Ion Channel Receptors 268
Signaling in Myocardial Hypertrophy 270
Summary 270
Chapter 9 The Cell Cycle and Cancer 273
Cell Cycle: History 273
The Cell Cycle Is Regulated by Cyclin and
Related Proteins 275
Cyclins 275
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 275
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors 276
Cdc25 Phosphatases 276
p53 276
pRb 276
Mitosis 278
What Is Mitosis? 278
Interphase and Mitosis 278
Mitotic Stages 278
Cell-Cycle Checkpoints 279
Molecular Components of the DNA
Damage Checkpoints 280
Meiosis 280
Sensors Recognize Sites of DNA
Damage 282
ATM and ATR 282
Mediators Simultaneously Associate with
Sensors and Signal Transducers 283
Signal Transducers CHEK1 and CHEK2
Are Kinases Involved in Cell-Cycle
Regulation 284
Effectors p53 and Cdc25 Phosphatases
Are Important Effector Proteins in
Cell-Cycle Regulation 284
Gl/S Checkpoint 285
Intra-S-Phase Checkpoint 285
G2/M Checkpoints 286
Cell-Cycle Alterations and Cancer 286
Perturbations in Regulating the Gl-to-S
Transition in Cancer 286
pRb Pathway in Cancer 287
ATM in Cancer 287
p53 in Cancer 288
The Checkpoint Kinases and Cancer 288
CHEK1 and Cancer 288
CHEK2 and Cancer 289
Summary 289
Chapter 10 Programmed Cell Death 291
Distinct Forms of Programmed Cell Death 292
Naturally Occurring Neuronal Death Is
Regulated by Factors Provided by
Other Cells 292
Neurotrophin Receptors 295
Apoptosis Is Regulated by a Cell-Intrinsic
Genetic Program 296
Caspases 296
Caspase Inhibition 299
Bcl-2 Proteins 300
Engulfment of the Apoptotic Cell 302
Signaling Pathways That Promote Cell
Survival 302
Phosphatidylinositol 3 -Kinase/Akt
Signaling Pathway 302
Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway 303
Apoptosis and Human Disease 305
Summary 306
Index 309
|
| adam_txt |
Contributors xi
Preface xiii
Chapter 1 Tools of the Cell Biologist 1
Microscopy: One of the Earliest Tools of
the Cell Biologist 5
Fluorescence Microscopy 7
Immunolabeling 9
Genetic Tagging 14
Electron Microscopy 15
Transmission Electron Microscopy 15
Scanning Electron Microscopy 18
Atomic-Force Microscopy 18
More Tools of Cell Biology 19
Cell Culture 19
Flow Cytometry 22
Subcellular Fractionation 23
The Techniques of Proteomics and
Genomics Are Discussed in Later Chapters 25
Summary 25
Chapter 2 Cell Membranes 27
Membrane Lipids 29
The Lipid Composition of Human and
Animal Biological Membranes Includes
Phospholipids, Cholesterol, and
Glycolipids 29
Membrane Lipids Undergo Continuous
Turnover 30
Membrane Lipids Are Constantly in Motion 33
Membrane Protein-Lipid Interactions
Are Important Mediators of Function 36
Integral and Peripheral Membrane
Proteins Differ in Structure and Function 36
Membrane Protein Organization 38
Optical Technologies Such as
Microscopy and Flow Cytometry Have
Revolutionized the Study of Membranes 38
Important Changes in Membrane
Phospholipids Occur in Sickle Cell Disease 41
The Cell Membrane Is a Selective
Permeability Barrier That Maintains
Distinct Internal and External Cellular
Environments 43
Contents
Water Movement across Membranes
Is Based on Osmosis 44
Donnan Effect and Its Relation to Water Flow 46
Facilitated Transport 47
Active Transport 48
Secondary Active Transport 48
Ion Channels and Membrane Potentials 49
The Membrane Potential Is Caused by a
Difference in Electric Charge on the
Two Sides of the Plasma Membrane 52
Action Potentials Are Propagated at
the Axon Hillock 54
Summary 56
Chapter 3 Cytoskeleton 59
Microfilaments 59
Actin-Based Cytoskeletal Structures
Were First Described in Muscle Tissue 59
Skeletal Muscle Is Formed from Bundles
of Muscle Fibers 60
The Functional Unit of Skeletal Muscle
Is the Sarcomere 60
Thin Filaments Are Built from the
Proteins Actin, Tropomyosin, Troponin,
and Tropomodulin 60
Thick Filaments Are Composed of the
Protein Myosin 64
Accessory Proteins Are Responsible for
Maintenance of Myofibril Architecture 64
Muscle Contraction Involves the Sliding
of the Thick and Thin Filaments
Relative to Each Other in the Sarcomere 66
Adenosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis Is
Necessary for Cross-Bridge Interactions
with Thin Filaments 67
Calcium Regulation of Skeletal Muscle
Contraction Is Mediated by Troponin
and Tropomyosin 68
Intracellular Calcium in Skeletal Muscle Is
Regulated by a Specialized Membrane
Compartment, the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum 69
Three Types of Muscle Tissue Exist 70
The Contractile Apparatus of Smooth
Muscle Contains Actin and Myosin 73
vii
viii Contents
Smooth-Muscle Contraction Occurs via
Myosin-Based Calcium Ion Regulatory
Mechanisms 74
Smooth-Muscle Contraction Is Influenced
at Multiple Levels 75
Actin-Myosin Contractile Structures
Are Found in Nonmuscle Cells 75
Members of the Myosin Supergene
Family Are Responsible for Movement
of Vesicles and Other Cargo Along Actin
Tracks in the Cytoplasm 77
Bundles of F-Actin Form a Structural
Support for the Microvilli of
Epithelial Cells 78
The Gel-Sol State of the Cortical
Cytoplasm Is Controlled by the
Dynamic Status of Actin 78
Cell Motility Requires Coordinated
Changes in Actin Dynamics 79
Inhibitors of Actin-Based Function 81
Actin-Binding Proteins 81
The ERM Family Mediates End-on
Association of Actin with the Cytoplasmic
Surface of the Plasma Membrane 81
Spectrin Membrane Skeleton 82
The Structure and Function of the
Erythrocyte Spectrin Membrane Skeleton
Are Understood in Exquisite Detail 82
Spectrin Is a Ubiquitous Component of
Nonerythroid Cells 85
Spectrins I and II, oc-Actinin, and
Dystrophin Form the Spectrin
Supergene Family 86
Regulation of Actin Dynamics 88
Intermediate Filaments 89
A Heterogeneous Group of Proteins Form
Intermediate Filaments in Various Cells 89
How Can Such a Heterogeneous Group
of Proteins All Form Intermediate
Filaments? 90
Microtubules 91
Microtubules Are Polymers Composed
of Tubulin 91
Microtubules Undergo Rapid Assembly
and Disassembly 91
By Capping the Minus Ends of
Microtubules, the Centrosome Acts as a
Microtubule-Organizing Center 92
The Behavior of Cytoplasmic
Microtubules Can Be Regulated 94
Microtubules Are Involved in Intracellular
Vesicle and Organelle Transport 95
Cilia and Flagella Are Specialized Organelles
Composed of Microtubules 95
Axonemal Microtubules Are Stable 97
Microtubule Sliding Results in Axonemal
Motility 97
Microtubules and Motor Proteins Are
Responsible for the Function of the
Mitotic Spindle 98
Summary 100
Chapter 4 Organelle Structure and Function 101
The Nucleus 103
Endoplasmic Reticulum 104
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 104
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 107
Leaving the Endoplasmic Reticulum:
A Paradigm for Vesicular Traffic 118
Overview of Vesicle Budding, Targeting,
and Fusion 118
Endoplasmic Reticulum to Golgi Vesicle
Transport and COPII-Coated Vesicles 121
The Golgi Apparatus 121
Glycosylation and Covalent Modification
of Proteins in the Golgi Apparatus 122
Retrograde Transport through the
Golgi Complex 123
Anterograde Transport through the
Golgi Complex 125
Leaving the Golgi Complex 125
Constitutive and Regulated Secretion 125
Lysosomal Enzymes Are Targeted via a
Mannose 6-Phosphate Signal 126
Endocytosis, Endosomes, and Lysosomes 128
Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis 128
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of Low-
Density Lipoprotein and Transferrin 129
Multivesicular Endosomes 131
Lysosomes 132
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Is
Responsible for Nonlysosomal Protein
Degradation 132
Mitochondria 134
ATP Production by Oxidative
Phosphorylation 134
Mitochondrial Genetic System 140
Defects in Mitochondrial Function
Can Cause Disease 140
Mitochondria Import Most of Their
Proteins from the Cytosol 143
Peroxisomes 145
Summary 147
Chapter 5 Regulation of Gene Expression 149
Cell Nucleus 149
Nucleus Structure 149
Nuclear Function 155
DNA Replication and Repair Are
Critical Nuclear Functions 156
Replication of DNA Occurs during the
Synthetic (S) Phase of the Cell Cycle 156
DNA Repair Is a Critical Process of
Cell Survival 159
Regulation of Gene Expression 165
Genomics and Proteomics 165
Restriction Nucleases: Enzymes That
Cleave DNA at Specific Nucleotide
Sequences 165
Gene Cloning Can Produce Large
Quantities of Any DNA Sequence 167
The Primary Structure of a Gene Can Be
Rapidly Determined by DNA Sequencing 167
Specific Regions of the Genome Can Be
Amplified with the Polymerase Chain
Reaction 168
Bioinformatics: Genomics and Proteomics
Offer Potential for Personalized Medicine 170
Transgenic Mice Offer Unique Models of
Genetic Diseases 172
Gene Expression: The Transfer of
Information from DNA to Protein 174
Genetic Therapy 189
There Are Many Obstacles to the
Development of Effective Gene Therapies 189
Many Strategies Are Available for
Gene-Based Therapies 189
Summary 190
Chapter 6 Cell Adhesion and the Extracellular
Matrix 191
Cell Adhesion 192
Most Cell Adhesion Molecules Belong to
One of Four Gene Families 192
Cadherins Are Calcium-Dependent Cell-Cell
Adhesion Molecules 192
The Immunoglobulin Family Contains
Many Important Cell Adhesion
Molecules 193
Selectins Are Carbohydrate-Binding
Adhesion Receptors 194
Integrins Are Dimeric Receptors for
Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Adhesion 195
Intercellular Junctions 195
Tight Junctions Regulate Paracellular
Permeability and Cell Polarity 196
Adherens Junctions Are Important for
Cell-Cell Adhesion 198
Desmosomes Maintain Tissue Integrity 200
Gap Junctions Are Channels for Cell-Cell
Communication 203
Hemidesmosomes Maintain Cell-Matrix
Adhesion 203
Focal Contacts Are Adhesions Formed
with the Substratum by Cultured Cells 206
Cell Adhesion Has Many Important Roles
in Tissue Function 207
Junctions Maintain Epithelial Barrier
Function and Polarity 207
Leukocytes Must Adhere and Migrate to
Combat Infection and Injury 209
Contents ix
Platelets Adhere to Form Blood Clots 210
Embryonic Development Involves Many
Adhesion-Dependent Events 212
Cell Adhesion Receptors Transmit Signals
That Regulate Cell Behavior 213
Cell Growth and Cell Survival Are
Adhesion Dependent 214
Cell Adhesion Regulates Cell
Differentiation 215
Extracellular Matrix 215
Collagen Is the Most Abundant Protein
in the Extracellular Matrix 216
Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans
Absorb Water and Resist Compression 218
Elastin and Fibrillin Provide Tissue Elasticity 220
Fibronectin Is Important for Cell Adhesion 220
Laminin Is a Key Component of Basement
Membranes 220
Basement Membranes Are Thin Matrix
Layers Specialized for Cell Attachment 221
Fibrin Forms the Matrix of Blood Clots
and Assembles Rapidly When Needed 222
von Willebrand Factor in Normal and
Abnormal Blood Clotting 223
Summary 224
Chapter 7 Intercellular Signaling 227
General Modes of Intercellular Signaling 227
Intercellular Signaling Molecules Act as
Ligands 227
Cells Exhibit Differential Responses to
Signaling Molecules 227
Intercellular Signaling Molecules Act via
Multiple Mechanisms 228
Hormones 228
Lipophilic Hormones Activate Cytosolic
Receptors 228
Receptors for Lipophilic Hormones Are
Members of the Nuclear Receptor
Superfamily 231
Peptide Hormones Activate
Membrane-Bound Receptors 231
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis 233
Growth Factors 234
Nerve Growth Factor 235
Growth Factor Families 235
Growth Factor Synthesis and Release 236
Growth Factor Receptors Are
Enzyme-Linked Receptors 236
Growth Factors Are Paracrine and
Autocrine Signalers 236
Some Growth Factors Can Act over Long
Distances 237
Some Growth Factors Interact with
Extracellular Matrix Components 237
Histamine 237
Histamine Receptor Subtypes 238
x Contents
Mast Cell Histamine Release and the
Allergic Reaction 238
Gases: Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide 238
Eicosanoids 239
Neurotransmitters 241
Electrical and Chemical Synapses 241
A Prototypical Chemical Synapse: The
Neuromuscular Junction 243
Characteristics, Synthesis, and
Metabolism of Neurotransmitters 245
Neurotransmitter Receptors 246
Divergence and Convergence of
Neurotransmitter Function 246
Spatiotemporal Summation 246
Summary 247
Chapter 8 Cell Signaling Events 249
Signaling Is Often Mediated by Cell-Surface
Receptors 249
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and
RAS-Dependent Signal Transduction 250
Fibroblast Growth Factors 250
Neuregulin 250
Signaling by Catalytic Receptors/Serine-
Threonine Kinases 253
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 254
Nodal 255
Signaling by Nonkinase Receptors 256
Wnts 257
Hedgehogs 257
Notch 260
Signaling by Steroid Hormone Receptors
Requires Ligand Interaction within the
Cytoplasm or Nucleus 262
Signaling by G-Protein-Coupled Receptors
Involves Cleavage of Guanosine
Triphosphate to Guanosine Diphosphate 265
Signaling by the Renin-Angiotensin-
Aldosterone System 266
Signaling by the Jak/STAT Pathway 267
Calcium/Calmodulin Signal Transduction 267
Signaling by the Calcineurin/NFAT pathway 268
Signaling by Ion Channel Receptors 268
Signaling in Myocardial Hypertrophy 270
Summary 270
Chapter 9 The Cell Cycle and Cancer 273
Cell Cycle: History 273
The Cell Cycle Is Regulated by Cyclin and
Related Proteins 275
Cyclins 275
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 275
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors 276
Cdc25 Phosphatases 276
p53 276
pRb 276
Mitosis 278
What Is Mitosis? 278
Interphase and Mitosis 278
Mitotic Stages 278
Cell-Cycle Checkpoints 279
Molecular Components of the DNA
Damage Checkpoints 280
Meiosis 280
Sensors Recognize Sites of DNA
Damage 282
ATM and ATR 282
Mediators Simultaneously Associate with
Sensors and Signal Transducers 283
Signal Transducers CHEK1 and CHEK2
Are Kinases Involved in Cell-Cycle
Regulation 284
Effectors p53 and Cdc25 Phosphatases
Are Important Effector Proteins in
Cell-Cycle Regulation 284
Gl/S Checkpoint 285
Intra-S-Phase Checkpoint 285
G2/M Checkpoints 286
Cell-Cycle Alterations and Cancer 286
Perturbations in Regulating the Gl-to-S
Transition in Cancer 286
pRb Pathway in Cancer 287
ATM in Cancer 287
p53 in Cancer 288
The Checkpoint Kinases and Cancer 288
CHEK1 and Cancer 288
CHEK2 and Cancer 289
Summary 289
Chapter 10 Programmed Cell Death 291
Distinct Forms of Programmed Cell Death 292
Naturally Occurring Neuronal Death Is
Regulated by Factors Provided by
Other Cells 292
Neurotrophin Receptors 295
Apoptosis Is Regulated by a Cell-Intrinsic
Genetic Program 296
Caspases 296
Caspase Inhibition 299
Bcl-2 Proteins 300
Engulfment of the Apoptotic Cell 302
Signaling Pathways That Promote Cell
Survival 302
Phosphatidylinositol 3 -Kinase/Akt
Signaling Pathway 302
Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway 303
Apoptosis and Human Disease 305
Summary 306
Index 309 |
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| callnumber-subject | QH - Natural History and Biology |
| classification_rvk | WE 1000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)182581435 (DE-599)BVBBV023087400 |
| dewey-full | 611/.0181 571.61 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 611 - Human anatomy, cytology, histology 571 - Physiology & related subjects |
| dewey-raw | 611/.0181 571.61 |
| dewey-search | 611/.0181 571.61 |
| dewey-sort | 3611 3181 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie Medizin |
| discipline_str_mv | Biologie Medizin |
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| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV023087400 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:39:44Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:10:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780123704580 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016290317 |
| oclc_num | 182581435 |
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| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-526 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XIII, 320 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM ; 12 cm |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Elsevier, Academic Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Medical cell biology ed. by Steven R. Goodman 3. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier, Academic Press 2008 XIII, 320 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM ; 12 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index "The Third Edition of Medical Cell Biology focuses on the scientific aspects of cell biology important to medical students, dental students, veterinary students, and prehealth undergraduates. Maintaining a primary focus on eukaryotic cell biology, the text explains general cell biology principles in the context of organ systems and human and animal disease."--BOOK JACKET. Cytologie Cytology Cytologie (DE-588)4070177-3 gnd rswk-swf Molekularbiologie (DE-588)4039983-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Cytologie (DE-588)4070177-3 s Molekularbiologie (DE-588)4039983-7 s DE-604 Goodman, Steven R. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016290317&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Medical cell biology Cytologie Cytology Cytologie (DE-588)4070177-3 gnd Molekularbiologie (DE-588)4039983-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4070177-3 (DE-588)4039983-7 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Medical cell biology |
| title_auth | Medical cell biology |
| title_exact_search | Medical cell biology |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Medical cell biology |
| title_full | Medical cell biology ed. by Steven R. Goodman |
| title_fullStr | Medical cell biology ed. by Steven R. Goodman |
| title_full_unstemmed | Medical cell biology ed. by Steven R. Goodman |
| title_short | Medical cell biology |
| title_sort | medical cell biology |
| topic | Cytologie Cytology Cytologie (DE-588)4070177-3 gnd Molekularbiologie (DE-588)4039983-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Cytologie Cytology Molekularbiologie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016290317&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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