Households' livelihoods and survival strategies among Congolese urban poor: alternatives to Western approaches to development
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lewiston, NY [u.a.]
Mellen
2007
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 296, [18] S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0773452699 9780773452695 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Iyenda, Guillaume |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Households' livelihoods and survival strategies among Congolese urban poor |b alternatives to Western approaches to development |c Guillaume Iyenda. With a foreword by David Simon |
| 264 | 1 | |a Lewiston, NY [u.a.] |b Mellen |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XI, 296, [18] S. |b Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Urban poor - Congo (Democratic Republic) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Urban poor |z Congo (Democratic Republic) | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Überlebensstrategie |0 (DE-588)4186608-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Stadt |0 (DE-588)4056723-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Congo (Democratic Republic) |x Social conditions | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Congo (Democratic Republic) |x Economic conditions | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Demokratische Republik Kongo |0 (DE-588)4067357-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137335970856960 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
List of
Tables
...........................................................................................................
¡
Lut
of
Figures
.......................................................................................................
¡¡j
Abbreviations and acronyms
................................................................................
v
Acknowledgements
..............................................................................................
vii
Foreword Professor David Simon
.......................................................................
Й
Chapter
1
Introduction
.........................................................................................1
1.1.
Context
..................................................................................................................................
I
1.2.
Aims and Objectives of the Study
.................................................................................3
1.3.
Background
..........................................................................................................................4
1.4.
Previous studies on poverty in Kinshasa and Potential Contribution of the
book
..............................................................................................................................................14
1.5.
Book Structure
...................................................................................................................18
Chapter
2
Urbanisation and Current Debates on Poverty and
Development—...................
___........__..................................................................21
2.1.
Introduction
........................................................................................................................21
2.2.
Definition of Key Concepts
...........................................................................................23
2.2.1.
Definition of a City
.......................................................................................................23
2.2.2.
Urbanisation and Local Agenda
21.........................................................................25
2.2.3.
Principles of Local Agenda
21..................................................................................25
2.2.4.
Poverty
.............................................................................................................................27
2.2.4.1.
Absolute poverty
.......................................................................................................28
2.2.4.2.
Relative Poverty
.........................................................................................................29
2.2.4.3.
Primary Poverty and Secondary Poverty
............................................................31
2.2.4.4.
Structural Poverty
......................................................................................................32
2.2.4.5.
Transient Poverty
......................................................................................................32
2.2.4.6.
Sector-Based Poverty
...............................................................................................32
2.2.4.7.
Proportionate Poverty
...............................................................................................32
2.2.5.
Development
..................................................................................................................33
2.2.5.1.
Development Through Time
..........................................................................·.·......35
2.2.6.
Household
.......................................................................................................................38
2.2.7.
Livelihoods
.....................................................................................................................40
2.3.
Measures of Poverty
........................................................................................................
40
2.3.1.
Poverty Line
...................................................................................................................41
2.3.2.
Foster-Green-Thorbecke
.............................................................................................42
2.3.3.
Budget Standards
..........................................................................................................42
2.3.4.
Intake Calories Per Head
............................................................................................42
2.5.5.
Households Expenditure Measures
..........................................................................43
2.4.
Some Macro-Indicators of Poverty
.............................................................................43
2.4.1.
Income
..............................................................................................................................43
2.4.2.
Access to Food
...............................................................................................................44
2.4.3.
Consumption and Expenditure
..................................................................................44
2.5.
Current Debates on Poverty
...........................................................................................45
2.5.1.
Basic Needs
....................................................................................................................45
2.5.2.
Entitlement, Assets and Vulnerability Frameworks
...........................................46
2.6.
Poverty and Structural Adjustment
.............................................................................48
2.7.
Conclusion
..........................................................................................................................49
Chapter
3
Democratic Republic of Congo, the City of Kinshasa and the
Current Economic Situation of the Country
____________________________51
3.1.
The Congo as a Whole
....................................................................................................51
3.1.1.
Population
.......................................................................................................................5
1
3.1.2.
Social and Political Organisation
.......................................................
~
....................52
3.2.
Civil Wars and Political Instability between
19%
and
2005...............................53
3.2.1.
Introduction.
....................................................................................................................53
3.2.2.
Congolese Historical Background
............................................................................55
3.2.3.
Civil Wars, Killings and Looting of the Congolese Natural Resources
........58
3.2.3.1.
Background to the Conflict
...................................................................................58
3.2.3.2.
Fighting and Killings in the Field
.........................................................................59
3.2.3.3.
Cannibalism and Anthropophagi in Eastern Congo
........................................61
3.2.3.4.
Looting of Congolese Natural Resources
...........................................................62
3.2.3.
Conclusion
......................................................................................................................66
3.3.
The city of Kinshasa
........................................................................................................67
3.3.1.
History
..............................................................................................................................67
3.3.2.
Population in Kinshasa
................................................................................................70
3.3.3.
Infrastructure
..................................................................................................................72
3.4.
The Current Economic Situation in the Congo
........................................................75
3.4.1.
Brief History of the Congolese Economy
..............................................................75
3.4.2.
Public Finances and the Monetary Situation
.........................................................81
3.4.3.
Agro-Industrial Production and Mining
.................................................................85
3.4.4.
Industry and Transport
................................................................................................86
3.4.5-Trade
..................................................................................................................................89
3.5.
Conclusion
..........................................................................................................................90
Chapter
4
The Employment Situation in Kinshasa and Income Poverty
......93
4.1.
Introduction
.....................................................................................................93
4.2.
Employment in the Public and the Private Sectors
.........................................95
4.2.1.
Evolution of
bicorne in
the Public Sector
1997 - 2001...............................97
4.2.2.
Unemployment by Duration
......................................................................101
4.3.
The Situation regarding Prices and Household Consumption
......................103
4.4.
Conclusion
....................................................................................................108
Chapter
S
Human and Social Aspects of Poverty in Kinshasa
...................... 113
5.1.
Introduction
...................................................................................................113
5.2.
Poor Accommodation and Poor Housing Conditions
...................................116
5.2.1.
Information on Interviewed Households
...................................................116
5.3.
The Poor Education Situation
.......................................................................126
5.4.
Poor Food and the Poor Nutritional Situation.
..............................................134
5.5.
The Poor Health Situation
.............................................................................141
5.6.
The Poor Human Rights Situation
................................................................152
5.7.
Conclusion
....................................................................................................154
Chapter
6
Social Capital, Post-Modernism, Post-Colonialism and New forms
of
Entrepreneurship
and Survival Strategies in Kinshasa............
__.............157
6.1.
Introduction
...................................................................................................157
6.2.
Current Employment Situation in Kinshasa
.................................................158
6.3.
Social Capital,
Post-Modernism,
Post-Colonialism and Post-Traditionalism
..............................................................................................................................162
6.3.1.
Definition of Social Capital
.......................................................................162
6.3.2.
Origins of Social Capital
............................................................................165
6.3.3.
Types of Social Capital
..............................................................................167
6.3.4.
Social Capital and Poverty
.........................................................................167
6.4.
Post-Modernist
Theory
.................................................................................169
6.4.1.
Origins of
Post-Modernism
........................................................................169
6.4.2.
Post-Modern
Theory
..................................................................................171
6.5.
Post-Traditionalism and Post-Colonial Theories
..........................................174
6.5.1.
Critique of Some Critics of
Post-Modernism,
Post-Colonialism and Post-
Traditionalism
......................................................................................................178
6.6.
Social Capital and Survival Strategies in Kinshasa
......................................181
6.6.1.
Social Capital, Trust, and New forms of
Entrepreneurship
in Kinshasa
...181
6.6.2.
Builders, Carpenters, Metal Turners and Plumbers
...................................185
6.6.3.
Mechanics, electricians and craftspeople
...................................................188
6.6.4.
Cobblers, Tyre Repairers, Wagon Drivers and Shoe Shiners
....................190
6.6.5.
Intellectual Work
.......................................................................................192
6.7.
Other Survival Strategies used by Households in Kinshasa
.........................193
6.7.1.
Shop Keeping and Vending Activities
.......................................................193
6.7.2.
Localisation and Organisation of Vending Activities
................................196
6.7.3.
Investment, Daily Income and Daily Profit
...............................................197
6.8.
Corruption as a Survival Strategy
.................................................................200
6.9.
Smuggling and Stealing as Survival Strategies
............................................204
6.10.
Conclusion and General Explanation
..........................................................205
Chapter
7
Gender Relations, Informal Social Networks and Survival
Strategies in Kinshasa
---------------------------------------------------------------211
7.1.
Introduction
...................................................................................................211
7.2.
Conceptualising Gender and Development
..................................................214
7.3.
Gender, Formal Employment and Division of Labour in Kinshasa
........216
7.4.
Gender, Self-Employment and Informal Sector Activities in Kinshasa
.......222
7.4.1.
Gender and Vending Activities
..................................................................223
7.4.2.
Maman
and Papa
Manœuvres
....................................................................228
7.4.3.
Women s Activities in Urban Agriculture
.................................................231
7.5. Gender, Local Communities, Local Churches and Civil Society in Kinshasa
..............................................................................................................................232
7.5.1.
Gender Participation within
NGOs............................................................233
7.5.2.
Gender and Local Churches
.......................................................................237
7.6.
Gender, Mutual Communication and Mutual Help
......................................240
7.7.
Gender and Credit Allocation to Women in Kinshasa.
.................................242
7.8.
Gender and Informal Financial Networks in Kinshasa
.................................244
7.8.1.
Rotation
......................................................................................................245
7.8.2.
Carte
...........................................................................................................246
7.8.3.
Money Changing
........................................................................................247
7.9.
Gender and Mutual Collaboration within Households
.................................250
7.10.
A Daily Time-Table of a Woman in Kinshasa
...........................................254
7.11.
Conclusion and General Explanations
........................................................255
Chapter
8
Conclusion
__________________________________________261
8.1.
Introduction
...................................................................................................261
8.2.
Suggestions for Practice and Action
.............................................................267
8.3.
Conclusion
....................................................................................................273
Bibliography
-------------------------------------------------------------------------275
Index
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------293
|
| adam_txt |
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
List of
Tables
.
¡
Lut
of
Figures
.
¡¡j
Abbreviations and acronyms
.
v
Acknowledgements
.
vii
Foreword Professor David Simon
.
Й
Chapter
1
Introduction
.1
1.1.
Context
.
I
1.2.
Aims and Objectives of the Study
.3
1.3.
Background
.4
1.4.
Previous studies on poverty in Kinshasa and Potential Contribution of the
book
.14
1.5.
Book Structure
.18
Chapter
2
Urbanisation and Current Debates on Poverty and
Development—.
_._.21
2.1.
Introduction
.21
2.2.
Definition of Key Concepts
.23
2.2.1.
Definition of a City
.23
2.2.2.
Urbanisation and Local Agenda
21.25
2.2.3.
Principles of Local Agenda
21.25
2.2.4.
Poverty
.27
2.2.4.1.
Absolute poverty
.28
2.2.4.2.
Relative Poverty
.29
2.2.4.3.
Primary Poverty and Secondary Poverty
.31
2.2.4.4.
Structural Poverty
.32
2.2.4.5.
Transient Poverty
.32
2.2.4.6.
Sector-Based Poverty
.32
2.2.4.7.
Proportionate Poverty
.32
2.2.5.
Development
.33
2.2.5.1.
Development Through Time
.·.·.35
2.2.6.
Household
.38
2.2.7.
Livelihoods
.40
2.3.
Measures of Poverty
.
40
2.3.1.
Poverty Line
.41
2.3.2.
Foster-Green-Thorbecke
.42
2.3.3.
Budget Standards
.42
2.3.4.
Intake Calories Per Head
.42
2.5.5.
Households Expenditure Measures
.43
2.4.
Some Macro-Indicators of Poverty
.43
2.4.1.
Income
.43
2.4.2.
Access to Food
.44
2.4.3.
Consumption and Expenditure
.44
2.5.
Current Debates on Poverty
.45
2.5.1.
Basic Needs
.45
2.5.2.
Entitlement, Assets and Vulnerability Frameworks
.46
2.6.
Poverty and Structural Adjustment
.48
2.7.
Conclusion
.49
Chapter
3
Democratic Republic of Congo, the City of Kinshasa and the
Current Economic Situation of the Country
_51
3.1.
The Congo as a Whole
.51
3.1.1.
Population
.5
1
3.1.2.
Social and Political Organisation
.
~
.52
3.2.
Civil Wars and Political Instability between
19%
and
2005.53
3.2.1.
Introduction.
.53
3.2.2.
Congolese Historical Background
.55
3.2.3.
Civil Wars, Killings and Looting of the Congolese Natural Resources
.58
3.2.3.1.
Background to the Conflict
.58
3.2.3.2.
Fighting and Killings in the Field
.59
3.2.3.3.
Cannibalism and Anthropophagi in Eastern Congo
.61
3.2.3.4.
Looting of Congolese Natural Resources
.62
3.2.3.
Conclusion
.66
3.3.
The city of Kinshasa
.67
3.3.1.
History
.67
3.3.2.
Population in Kinshasa
.70
3.3.3.
Infrastructure
.72
3.4.
The Current Economic Situation in the Congo
.75
3.4.1.
Brief History of the Congolese Economy
.75
3.4.2.
Public Finances and the Monetary Situation
.81
3.4.3.
Agro-Industrial Production and Mining
.85
3.4.4.
Industry and Transport
.86
3.4.5-Trade
.89
3.5.
Conclusion
.90
Chapter
4
The Employment Situation in Kinshasa and Income Poverty
.93
4.1.
Introduction
.93
4.2.
Employment in the Public and the Private Sectors
.95
4.2.1.
Evolution of
bicorne in
the Public Sector
1997 - 2001.97
4.2.2.
Unemployment by Duration
.101
4.3.
The Situation regarding Prices and Household Consumption
.103
4.4.
Conclusion
.108
Chapter
S
Human and Social Aspects of Poverty in Kinshasa
. 113
5.1.
Introduction
.113
5.2.
Poor Accommodation and Poor Housing Conditions
.116
5.2.1.
Information on Interviewed Households
.116
5.3.
The Poor Education Situation
.126
5.4.
Poor Food and the Poor Nutritional Situation.
.134
5.5.
The Poor Health Situation
.141
5.6.
The Poor Human Rights Situation
.152
5.7.
Conclusion
.154
Chapter
6
Social Capital, Post-Modernism, Post-Colonialism and New forms
of
Entrepreneurship
and Survival Strategies in Kinshasa.
_.157
6.1.
Introduction
.157
6.2.
Current Employment Situation in Kinshasa
.158
6.3.
Social Capital,
Post-Modernism,
Post-Colonialism and Post-Traditionalism
.162
6.3.1.
Definition of Social Capital
.162
6.3.2.
Origins of Social Capital
.165
6.3.3.
Types of Social Capital
.167
6.3.4.
Social Capital and Poverty
.167
6.4.
Post-Modernist
Theory
.169
6.4.1.
Origins of
Post-Modernism
.169
6.4.2.
Post-Modern
Theory
.171
6.5.
Post-Traditionalism and Post-Colonial Theories
.174
6.5.1.
Critique of Some Critics of
Post-Modernism,
Post-Colonialism and Post-
Traditionalism
.178
6.6.
Social Capital and Survival Strategies in Kinshasa
.181
6.6.1.
Social Capital, Trust, and New forms of
Entrepreneurship
in Kinshasa
.181
6.6.2.
Builders, Carpenters, Metal Turners and Plumbers
.185
6.6.3.
Mechanics, electricians and craftspeople
.188
6.6.4.
Cobblers, Tyre Repairers, Wagon Drivers and Shoe Shiners
.190
6.6.5.
Intellectual Work
.192
6.7.
Other Survival Strategies used by Households in Kinshasa
.193
6.7.1.
Shop Keeping and Vending Activities
.193
6.7.2.
Localisation and Organisation of Vending Activities
.196
6.7.3.
Investment, Daily Income and Daily Profit
.197
6.8.
Corruption as a Survival Strategy
.200
6.9.
Smuggling and Stealing as Survival Strategies
.204
6.10.
Conclusion and General Explanation
.205
Chapter
7
Gender Relations, Informal Social Networks and Survival
Strategies in Kinshasa
---------------------------------------------------------------211
7.1.
Introduction
.211
7.2.
Conceptualising Gender and Development
.214
7.3.
Gender, Formal Employment and Division of Labour in Kinshasa
.216
7.4.
Gender, Self-Employment and Informal Sector Activities in Kinshasa
.222
7.4.1.
Gender and Vending Activities
.223
7.4.2.
Maman
and Papa
Manœuvres
.228
7.4.3.
Women's Activities in Urban Agriculture
.231
7.5. Gender, Local Communities, Local Churches and Civil Society in Kinshasa
.232
7.5.1.
Gender Participation within
NGOs.233
7.5.2.
Gender and Local Churches
.237
7.6.
Gender, Mutual Communication and Mutual Help
.240
7.7.
Gender and Credit Allocation to Women in Kinshasa.
.242
7.8.
Gender and Informal Financial Networks in Kinshasa
.244
7.8.1.
Rotation
.245
7.8.2.
Carte
.246
7.8.3.
Money Changing
.247
7.9.
Gender and Mutual Collaboration within Households
.250
7.10.
A Daily Time-Table of a Woman in Kinshasa
.254
7.11.
Conclusion and General Explanations
.255
Chapter
8
Conclusion
_261
8.1.
Introduction
.261
8.2.
Suggestions for Practice and Action
.267
8.3.
Conclusion
.273
Bibliography
-------------------------------------------------------------------------275
Index
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------293 |
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| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Congo (Democratic Republic) Social conditions Congo (Democratic Republic) Economic conditions Demokratische Republik Kongo (DE-588)4067357-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Congo (Democratic Republic) Social conditions Congo (Democratic Republic) Economic conditions Demokratische Republik Kongo |
| id | DE-604.BV023085947 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:39:08Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:10:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0773452699 9780773452695 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2007042442 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016288887 |
| oclc_num | 845168430 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-703 |
| physical | XI, 296, [18] S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Mellen |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Iyenda, Guillaume Verfasser aut Households' livelihoods and survival strategies among Congolese urban poor alternatives to Western approaches to development Guillaume Iyenda. With a foreword by David Simon Lewiston, NY [u.a.] Mellen 2007 XI, 296, [18] S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Urban poor - Congo (Democratic Republic) Wirtschaft Urban poor Congo (Democratic Republic) Überlebensstrategie (DE-588)4186608-3 gnd rswk-swf Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd rswk-swf Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd rswk-swf Congo (Democratic Republic) Social conditions Congo (Democratic Republic) Economic conditions Demokratische Republik Kongo (DE-588)4067357-1 gnd rswk-swf Demokratische Republik Kongo (DE-588)4067357-1 g Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 s Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 s Überlebensstrategie (DE-588)4186608-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016288887&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Iyenda, Guillaume Households' livelihoods and survival strategies among Congolese urban poor alternatives to Western approaches to development Urban poor - Congo (Democratic Republic) Wirtschaft Urban poor Congo (Democratic Republic) Überlebensstrategie (DE-588)4186608-3 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4186608-3 (DE-588)4002963-3 (DE-588)4056723-0 (DE-588)4067357-1 |
| title | Households' livelihoods and survival strategies among Congolese urban poor alternatives to Western approaches to development |
| title_auth | Households' livelihoods and survival strategies among Congolese urban poor alternatives to Western approaches to development |
| title_exact_search | Households' livelihoods and survival strategies among Congolese urban poor alternatives to Western approaches to development |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Households' livelihoods and survival strategies among Congolese urban poor alternatives to Western approaches to development |
| title_full | Households' livelihoods and survival strategies among Congolese urban poor alternatives to Western approaches to development Guillaume Iyenda. With a foreword by David Simon |
| title_fullStr | Households' livelihoods and survival strategies among Congolese urban poor alternatives to Western approaches to development Guillaume Iyenda. With a foreword by David Simon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Households' livelihoods and survival strategies among Congolese urban poor alternatives to Western approaches to development Guillaume Iyenda. With a foreword by David Simon |
| title_short | Households' livelihoods and survival strategies among Congolese urban poor |
| title_sort | households livelihoods and survival strategies among congolese urban poor alternatives to western approaches to development |
| title_sub | alternatives to Western approaches to development |
| topic | Urban poor - Congo (Democratic Republic) Wirtschaft Urban poor Congo (Democratic Republic) Überlebensstrategie (DE-588)4186608-3 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Urban poor - Congo (Democratic Republic) Wirtschaft Urban poor Congo (Democratic Republic) Überlebensstrategie Armut Stadt Congo (Democratic Republic) Social conditions Congo (Democratic Republic) Economic conditions Demokratische Republik Kongo |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016288887&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT iyendaguillaume householdslivelihoodsandsurvivalstrategiesamongcongoleseurbanpooralternativestowesternapproachestodevelopment |