The book of Revelation: a commentary on the Greek text
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Grand Rapids, Mich. [u.a.]
Eerdmans [u.a.]
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | [Nachdr.] |
| Schriftenreihe: | The new international Greek testament commentary
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | LXIV, 1245 S. |
| ISBN: | 080282174X 0853648514 9780802821744 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The book of Revelation |b a commentary on the Greek text |c by G. K. Beale |
| 250 | |a [Nachdr.] | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Grand Rapids, Mich. [u.a.] |b Eerdmans [u.a.] |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a LXIV, 1245 S. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137316033232897 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Foreword
xvii
Preface
xix
Abbreviations
xxiii
Bibliography
xxviii
INTRODUCTION
1
The Date of the Apocalypse
4
Arguments for a Late Date
5
Emperor Worship
5
Persecution of Christians
12
The Condition of the Churches in Asia Minor
16
The Myth of Nero s Reappearance
17
Babylon
18
The Earliest Traditions
19
Arguments for an Early Date
20
The Temple and Jerusalem
20
The Seven Kings
2
Ì
666 24
Babylon
25
The Initial Thematic Focus of
1:7 25
Conclusion
27
vu
viii CONTENTS
The Situation
oř
the Churches and the Purpose and Theme of
the Book
28
Authorship
34
Genre
37
Major Interpretative Approaches
44
The Preterist View
44
The Historicist View
46
The Futurist View
46
The Idealist View
48
The View of This Commentary: Eclecticism, or a
Redemptive-Historical Form of Modified Idealism
48
Interpretation of Symbolism
50
The Symbolic Nature of the Apocalypse
50
A Method for Interpreting Symbols
55
Symbols as Figurative Comparisons: Metaphor, Simile, and
Other Comparative Forms of Speech
55
The Symbolic Significance of Numbers
58
The Perspective of the New Hermeneutic on John s Symbols
65
The General Purpose of Symbolism in the Apocalypse
69
The Text of Revelation
70
The Use of the Old Testament in the Apocalypse
76
Preliminary Considerations
77
What Is Cited
77
Combined Allusions and the Issue of Literary Consciousness
79
Contextual and Noncontextual Use
81
Various Uses of the Old Testament in the Apocalypse
86
Old Testament Segments as Literary Prototypes
86
Thematic Uses
88
Analogical Uses
89
Universalisation
91
Possible Indirect Fulfillment Uses
93
Inverted Uses
94
Stylistic Use of Old Testament Language
96
Conclusion
96
CONTENTS ix
The Grammar of the Apocalypse
100
The Solecisms as Signals for the Presence of
Old Testament Allusions
100
The Difference between Semitisms and Septuagintalisms
103
Variants in Significant Manuscripts in Passages Containing
Solecisms
105
The Structure and Plan of John s Apocalypse
108
Literary Outline
108
The Interpretative Relationship of the Segments
116
The Futurist Position
116
The Progressive Recapitulation (Parallelism) Position
121
Concluding Reflections: The Interpretative Significance of the
Book s Structure, the Broad Flow of Its Thought
144
The Disputed Significance of Revelation
1:19
as an Interpretative Key to the Book
152
The New View: What Is to Happen after These Things Is an
Eschatological Expression from Dan.
2:28-29, 45
(View i)
152
1:1 153
1:19 155
4:1 158
22:6 159
The Chronological Sequence View (View ii)
161
A Double Reference to Present and Future (View
iii)
163
What You See and What Is Refer to
1:12-20;
What Will
Happen after These Things Refers to Chs.
4-22
(View
iv) 163
An Expression of the Temporally Gnomic or Suprahistorical
Character of the Book s Ideas (View v)
164
A Genre Formula Indicating the Mixture of Literary Genres in
the Book (View
vi) 167
Conclusion
168
The Theology and Goal of the Apocalypse
171
Suffering and Victory
171
The Throne
172
The New Creation: One of the Book s Goals
173
The Place of Christians in the World
174
The Theological Meaning of the Use of Symbols
176
X
CONTENTS
COMMENTARY
179
1:1-20:
Prologue
181
Introduction: The Apocalypse Was Revealed for Witness, Which
Results in Blessing
(1:1-3) 181
Salutation: John Greets the Churches on Behalf of the Father, the
Spirit, and the Son, Whose Redemptive Work Results in the
Churches New Status, All to God s Glory
(1:4-8) 186
John Is Commissioned to Write to the Churches Because Their
Confidence Is Grounded in Christ s Installation as Cosmic
Judge, Priest, and Ruler of the Church as a Result of His
Victory over Death
(1:9-20) 200
Summary of
1:12-20;
Theological Implications of the Old
Testament Allusions
220
2:1-3:22:
The Letters to the Seven Churches: Christ
Encourages the Churches to Witness, Warns Them against
Compromise, and Exhorts Them to Hear and to Overcome
Compromise in Order to Inherit Eternal Life
223
The Letters
223
Christ Commends the Ephesian Church for Its Orthodoxy,
Condemns It for Its Lack of Witness, and Exhorts It to
Overcome This Lack in Order to Inherit Eternal Life
(2:1-7) 228
The One Having Ears, Let Him Hear : Its Significance in
the Letters and Its Place in the Apocalypse as a Whole
236
Christ Commends the Church of Smyrna for Enduring
Tribulation and Encourages It to Continue to Be Faithful in
Anticipation of Imminent, More Severe Persecution, in Order
to Inherit Eternal Life and Heavenly Kingship
(2:8-11) 239
Christ Commends the Church in
Pergamům
for Its Persevering
Witness in the Midst of Persecution, Condemns It for Its
Permissive Spirit of Idolatrous Compromise, and Exhorts It to
Overcome This in Order Not to Be Judged but to Inherit
End-Time Fellowship and Identification with Christ
(2:12-17) 245
The New Name
257
Christ Commends the Church of Thyatira for Its Christian Works
of Witness, Condemns It for Its Permissive Spirit of
Idolatrous Compromise, and Exhorts It to Overcome This in
Order Not to Be Judged but to Inherit End-Time Rule
Together with Christ
(2:18-29) 259
The Ironic Notion of Overcoming
269
CONTENTS xi
Christ
Condemns the Church in Sardis for Its Lack of Witness
and Its Compromise and Exhorts It to Overcome This in
Order to Inherit the Blessings of Salvation Life
(3:1-6) 272
Christ Commends the Church in Philadelphia for Its Persevering
Witness, in Which He Will Empower Its Members Further,
and Encourages Them to Continue to Persevere So as to
Inherit End-Time Fellowship and Identification with Him
(3:7-13) 283
Christ Condemns the Church in Laodicea for Its Ineffective
Witness and Deplorable Spiritual Condition and Exhorts Its
Members to Persevere by Becoming Faithful Witnesses and
Renewing Their Fellowship with Him So as to Reign with
Him
(3:14-22) 296
The Old Testament Background of Christ s Titles in
3:14 297
The Relevance of the Titles for the Remainder of the Letter to
Laodicea
301
4:1-5:14:
God and Christ Are Glorified Because Christ s
Resurrection Demonstrates That They Are Sovereign over
Creation to Judge and to Redeem
311
The Relation of Chapters
1-3
to Chapters
4-5 311
Chapters
4—5
as a Heavenly Liturgy and Pattern for the
Church s Liturgy
312
God Is Glorified Because He Is Sovereign Judge and Redeemer
over Creation at Its Inception and throughout History
(4:1-11) 316
God and the Lamb Are Glorified Because They Have Begun to
Execute Their Sovereignty over Creation through Christ s
Death and Resurrection, Resulting in Inaugurated and
Eventually Consummated Judgment and Redemption
(5:1-14) 337
The Book
339
The Old Testament Background of Chapters
4
and
5 366
6:1-8:5:
The Seven Seals
370
The First Four Seals: Christ Uses Evil Heavenly Forces to Inflict
Trials on People throughout the Church Age for Either
Purification or Punishment
(6:1-8) 370
Old Testament Background
372
Theological Reflections on the Four Horsemen
388
xii CONTENTS
The Fifth Seal: The Appeal to God by Persecuted and Glorified
Christians to Demonstrate His Justice by Judging Their
Persecutors Will Be Answered When All His People Complete
the Suffering That He Has Determined for Them
(6:9-11) 389
The Sixth Seal: God Will Demonstrate His Justice by Executing
the Final Judgment on the Unbelieving World
(6:12-17) 395
The Theological Significance of the Old Testament Allusions
in
6:15-17;
The Judgment in the Sixth Seal
402
Angels Prevent the Evil Forces from Commencing Their
Destructive Activity on Earth Until Believers Are Given
Spiritual Protection against Losing Their Faith
(7:1-8) 404
The Seal
409
The
144,000 416
God and the Lamb Are Praised for Making Manifest the
Redemption of Multitudes by Protecting Them through a
Purifying Tribulation
(7:9-17) 424
The
Abrahamie
Promise
429
The Great Tribulation
433
Clothing Washed White: The Old Testament Background
436
Additional Considerations on the Old Testament Background
of7:14ff.
438
The Idea of Believers as Priests and Its Old Testament
Background
439
The Temple
and Its Old Testament Background
440
The Temporal Location of
7:13-17 443
The Seventh Seal as the Conclusion of the Seal Series: The Last
Judgment Is Described Again as a Formal Response to the
Saints Petition in
6:10
That God Punish the Unbelieving
World
(8:1-5) 445
Silence
446
The Transition from the Seals to the Trumpets
460
8:6-11:19:
The Seven Trumpets
465
The Old Testament Background of the Trumpet Judgments
465
The First Six Trumpets: God Responds to the Saints Prayer by
Using Angels to Execute Judgments on the Persecuting World,
Leading Up to the Last Judgment
(8:6-9:21) 472
The Interruption of Patterns of Cosmic Light Sources as an
Indication of Covenantal Judgment in the Old Testament
and Jewish Writings
483
CONTENTS xiii
Conclusion
to the First Four Trumpets
485
The Metaphorical Associations of Serpents and Scorpions in
Judaism
515
Other Old Testament and Jewish Precedents for
9:17-19 516
The Parenthesis in Chapters
10-11 520
John Is Recommissioned to Prophesy about Judgment,
Concerning Which He Paradoxically Rejoices and Mourns
(10:1-11) 522
Is the Book in Chapter
10
Identical to the Book in
Chapter
5? 530
Special Questions in
10:7 539
God s Decree Ensures His Presence with His People and Their
Effective Witness, Which Leads to Their Apparent Defeat and
Culminates in Judgment of Their Oppressors
(11:1-13) 556
The Metaphors in
11:1-2 557
The Ministries of Moses and Elijah as a Model for the Two
Witnesses
582
The Relationship of the Two Witnesses Ministry to the
Trumpet Plagues
585
The Seventh Trumpet: God Establishes the Consummated
Kingdom and Executes the Consummated Judgment
(11:14-19) 609
Is
11:15-19
the Content of the Third Woe/Seventh Trumpet?
609
12:1-15:4:
Deeper Conflict
621
As a Result of Christ s Victory over the Devil, God Protects the
Messianic Community against the Devil s Wrathful Harm
(12:1-17) 621
The End-Time Exodus against the Background of the First
Exodus
643
The Desert as a Place of Both Trial and Protection
645
The Background of the Three and a Half Year Period
646
The Place of Refuge in the Desert as the Spiritual Sanctuary
648
How Christ s Redemptive Work Resulted in Satan s Expulsion
from Heaven
658
The Jewish Legal Background of Satan as an Accuser and Its
Relation to
12:10 661
Believers Are Exhorted to Be Discerning about Falsehood and
Not to Participate in False Worship Propagated by the Devil
and His Worldly Allies, So As to Hold on to Their Faith
(12:18-13:18) 680
xiv CONTENTS
666 718
The Shaping of Chapter
13 728
God Accomplishes His Glory by Rewarding Believers and
Punishing the Beast and His Followers at the End of History
(14:1-15:4) 730
Do
14:14-16
and
14:17-20
Portray Redemption and Judgment
Respectively
—
Further Discussion
776
Further Analysis of the Old Testament Background of
14:14-19 778
The Grammatical Problem in
14:19 779
15:5-16:21:
The Seven Bowl Judgments: God Punishes the
Ungodly during the Inter-Advent Age and Consummately at
the Last Day Because of Their Persecution and Idolatry
801
The Resumption of the Introduction to the Seven Bowl
Judgments
(15:5-8) 801
The Seven Angels and the Textual Problem concerning
Their Attire
804
The Trumpets and the Bowls
808
The Command to Pour Out the Bowls
(16:1) 812
The First Five Bowls: God Punishes the Ungodly during the
biter-Advent Age by Depriving Them of Earthly Security
Because of Their Persecution and Idolatry
(16:2-11) 814
The Sixth and Seventh Bowls: The Final Judgment of the Evil
World System
(16:12-21) 827
17:1-19:21:
Final Judgment of Babylon and the Beast
847
The Influence of the World s Economic-Religious System and of
the State, Their Alliance, and the Downfall of Both
(17:1-18) 847
Saints Who Do Not Compromise with the Idolatrous World Are
to Rejoice over God s Judgment of It Because This
Demonstrates the Integrity of Their Faith and of God s Justice
and Glory and Leads to God s Consummate Reign and Union
with His People
(18:1-19:10) 890
The Wedding Clothes
934
Christ Will Reveal His Sovereignty and Faithfulness to His
Promises by Judging Babylon s Former Allies in Oder to
Vindicate His People
(19:11-21) 948
CONTENTS xv
20:1-15: The Millennium
Is Inaugurated during the Church Age
as God Limits Satan s Deceptive Powers and as Deceased
Christians Are Vindicated by Reigning in Heaven. The
Millennium Is Concluded by a Resurgence of Satan s
Deceptive Assault against the Church and the Final Judgment
972
The Millennium Is Inaugurated during the Church Age by God s
Curtailment of Satan s Ability to Deceive the Nations and to
Annihilate the Church and by the Resurrection of Believers
Souls to Heaven to Reign There with Christ
(20:1-6) 972
Arguments for a Nonsequential Temporal Relationship
between
20:1-6
and
19:11-21 974
Additional Observations Supporting This Analysis of
20:4-6 1007
Is One Thousand Years Literal or Figurative?
1017
Satan Will Be Released to Deceive the Nations Again, So That
They Will Attempt to Annihilate the Church
(20:7-10) 1021
The Final Judgment Will Occur at the End of Cosmic History:
All People Will Be Resurrected and Judged according to Their
Works, and the Guilty Will Be Consigned to Eternal
Punishment
(20:11-15) 1031
21:1-22:5:
The New Creation and the Church Perfected in Glory
1039
fa the New Creation the Faithful Will Experience the Salvation
Blessing of Intimate Communion with God, but the Unfaithful
Will Be Excluded from This Blessing
(21:1-8) 1039
Further Discussion of the Background of There Is No More
Sea in 21:1b and the Parallels in 21:4b
1050
Textual Problems in
21:4 1052
The Initial View and Appearance of the City: God s Glorious
Presence Establishes the Inviolable and Completed
Community of the Redeemed
(21:9-14) 1063
The Measurements of the City: God s Permanent Presence
Secures and Guarantees the Perfected Inviolability of the
Redeemed Community
(21:15-17) 1072
The Material of the City: God s Permanent Presence Guarantees
the Perfected Security of the Redeemed Community and
Causes It to Reflect His Glory
(21:18-21) 1079
The Background of the Precious Stones
1080
xvi CONTENTS
The Internal Features of the City and Its Inhabitants: The
Glorious Presence of God and the Lamb Will Elicit the
Response of Praise from True Believers, but False Believers
Will Be Excluded Forever from God s Presence
(21:22-27) 1090
The City s Garden, River, Inhabitants, and Luminary: God s
Consummate, Glorious Presence with His People Ensures the
Eternal Absence of Any Curse and Establishes Their
Everlasting Role of Priests and Kings in Praising and
Reflecting His Glory
(22:1 -5) 1103
The Purpose and Rhetorical Function of the
21:1-22:5
Vision
1117
22:6-21:
Conclusion
1122
The First Exhortation to Holiness
(22:6-7) 1123
The Second Exhortation to Holiness
(22:8-10) 1127
The Third Exhortation to Holiness
(22:11-12) 1131
The Fourth Exhortation to Holiness
(22:13-17) 1138
The Fifth Exhortation to Holiness
(22:18-20) 1150
The Conclusion of
22:6-20
and of the Whole Book
(22:21) 1156
Index of Modem Authors
1158
Index of Biblical and Other Ancient Writings ill A
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
Foreword
xvii
Preface
xix
Abbreviations
xxiii
Bibliography
xxviii
INTRODUCTION
1
The Date of the Apocalypse
4
Arguments for a Late Date
5
Emperor Worship
5
Persecution of Christians
12
The Condition of the Churches in Asia Minor
16
The Myth of Nero's Reappearance
17
"Babylon"
18
The Earliest Traditions
19
Arguments for an Early Date
20
The Temple and Jerusalem
20
The Seven Kings
2
Ì
"666" 24
"Babylon
" 25
The Initial Thematic Focus of
1:7 25
Conclusion
27
vu
viii CONTENTS
The Situation
oř
the Churches and the Purpose and Theme of
the Book
28
Authorship
34
Genre
37
Major Interpretative Approaches
44
The Preterist View
44
The Historicist View
46
The Futurist View
46
The Idealist View
48
The View of This Commentary: Eclecticism, or a
Redemptive-Historical Form of Modified Idealism
48
Interpretation of Symbolism
50
The Symbolic Nature of the Apocalypse
50
A Method for Interpreting Symbols
55
Symbols as Figurative Comparisons: Metaphor, Simile, and
Other Comparative Forms of Speech
55
The Symbolic Significance of Numbers
58
The Perspective of the "New Hermeneutic" on John's Symbols
65
The General Purpose of Symbolism in the Apocalypse
69
The Text of Revelation
70
The Use of the Old Testament in the Apocalypse
76
Preliminary Considerations
77
What Is Cited
77
Combined Allusions and the Issue of Literary Consciousness
79
Contextual and Noncontextual Use
81
Various Uses of the Old Testament in the Apocalypse
86
Old Testament Segments as Literary Prototypes
86
Thematic Uses
88
Analogical Uses
89
Universalisation
91
Possible Indirect Fulfillment Uses
93
Inverted Uses
94
Stylistic Use of Old Testament Language
96
Conclusion
96
CONTENTS ix
The Grammar of the Apocalypse
100
The Solecisms as Signals for the Presence of
Old Testament Allusions
100
The Difference between "Semitisms" and "Septuagintalisms"
103
Variants in Significant Manuscripts in Passages Containing
Solecisms
105
The Structure and Plan of John's Apocalypse
108
Literary Outline
108
The Interpretative Relationship of the Segments
116
The Futurist Position
116
The Progressive Recapitulation (Parallelism) Position
121
Concluding Reflections: The Interpretative Significance of the
Book's Structure, the Broad Flow of Its Thought
144
The Disputed Significance of Revelation
1:19
as an Interpretative Key to the Book
152
The New View: "What Is to Happen after These Things" Is an
Eschatological Expression from Dan.
2:28-29, 45
(View i)
152
1:1 153
1:19 155
4:1 158
22:6 159
The Chronological Sequence View (View ii)
161
A Double Reference to Present and Future (View
iii)
163
"What You See" and "What Is" Refer to
1:12-20;
"What Will
Happen after These Things" Refers to Chs.
4-22
(View
iv) 163
An Expression of the Temporally Gnomic or Suprahistorical
Character of the Book's Ideas (View v)
164
A Genre Formula Indicating the Mixture of Literary Genres in
the Book (View
vi) 167
Conclusion
168
The Theology and Goal of the Apocalypse
171
Suffering and Victory
171
The Throne
172
The New Creation: One of the Book's Goals
173
The Place of Christians in the World
174
The Theological Meaning of the Use of Symbols
176
X
CONTENTS
COMMENTARY
179
1:1-20:
Prologue
181
Introduction: The Apocalypse Was Revealed for Witness, Which
Results in Blessing
(1:1-3) 181
Salutation: John Greets the Churches on Behalf of the Father, the
Spirit, and the Son, Whose Redemptive Work Results in the
Churches' New Status, All to God's Glory
(1:4-8) 186
John Is Commissioned to Write to the Churches Because Their
Confidence Is Grounded in Christ's Installation as Cosmic
Judge, Priest, and Ruler of the Church as a Result of His
Victory over Death
(1:9-20) 200
Summary of
1:12-20;
Theological Implications of the Old
Testament Allusions
220
2:1-3:22:
The Letters to the Seven Churches: Christ
Encourages the Churches to Witness, Warns Them against
Compromise, and Exhorts Them to Hear and to Overcome
Compromise in Order to Inherit Eternal Life
223
The Letters
223
Christ Commends the Ephesian Church for Its Orthodoxy,
Condemns It for Its Lack of Witness, and Exhorts It to
Overcome This Lack in Order to Inherit Eternal Life
(2:1-7) 228
"The One Having Ears, Let Him Hear": Its Significance in
the Letters and Its Place in the Apocalypse as a Whole
236
Christ Commends the Church of Smyrna for Enduring
Tribulation and Encourages It to Continue to Be Faithful in
Anticipation of Imminent, More Severe Persecution, in Order
to Inherit Eternal Life and Heavenly Kingship
(2:8-11) 239
Christ Commends the Church in
Pergamům
for Its Persevering
Witness in the Midst of Persecution, Condemns It for Its
Permissive Spirit of Idolatrous Compromise, and Exhorts It to
Overcome This in Order Not to Be Judged but to Inherit
End-Time Fellowship and Identification with Christ
(2:12-17) 245
The "New Name"
257
Christ Commends the Church of Thyatira for Its Christian Works
of Witness, Condemns It for Its Permissive Spirit of
Idolatrous Compromise, and Exhorts It to Overcome This in
Order Not to Be Judged but to Inherit End-Time Rule
Together with Christ
(2:18-29) 259
The Ironic Notion of "Overcoming"
269
CONTENTS xi
Christ
Condemns the Church in Sardis for Its Lack of Witness
and Its Compromise and Exhorts It to Overcome This in
Order to Inherit the Blessings of Salvation Life
(3:1-6) 272
Christ Commends the Church in Philadelphia for Its Persevering
Witness, in Which He Will Empower Its Members Further,
and Encourages Them to Continue to Persevere So as to
Inherit End-Time Fellowship and Identification with Him
(3:7-13) 283
Christ Condemns the Church in Laodicea for Its Ineffective
Witness and Deplorable Spiritual Condition and Exhorts Its
Members to Persevere by Becoming Faithful Witnesses and
Renewing Their Fellowship with Him So as to Reign with
Him
(3:14-22) 296
The Old Testament Background of Christ's Titles in
3:14 297
The Relevance of the Titles for the Remainder of the Letter to
Laodicea
301
4:1-5:14:
God and Christ Are Glorified Because Christ's
Resurrection Demonstrates That They Are Sovereign over
Creation to Judge and to Redeem
311
The Relation of Chapters
1-3
to Chapters
4-5 311
Chapters
4—5
as a Heavenly Liturgy and Pattern for the
Church's Liturgy
312
God Is Glorified Because He Is Sovereign Judge and Redeemer
over Creation at Its Inception and throughout History
(4:1-11) 316
God and the Lamb Are Glorified Because They Have Begun to
Execute Their Sovereignty over Creation through Christ's
Death and Resurrection, Resulting in Inaugurated and
Eventually Consummated Judgment and Redemption
(5:1-14) 337
The "Book"
339
The Old Testament Background of Chapters
4
and
5 366
6:1-8:5:
The Seven Seals
370
The First Four Seals: Christ Uses Evil Heavenly Forces to Inflict
Trials on People throughout the Church Age for Either
Purification or Punishment
(6:1-8) 370
Old Testament Background
372
Theological Reflections on the Four Horsemen
388
xii CONTENTS
The Fifth Seal: The Appeal to God by Persecuted and Glorified
Christians to Demonstrate His Justice by Judging Their
Persecutors Will Be Answered When All His People Complete
the Suffering That He Has Determined for Them
(6:9-11) 389
The Sixth Seal: God Will Demonstrate His Justice by Executing
the Final Judgment on the Unbelieving World
(6:12-17) 395
The Theological Significance of the Old Testament Allusions
in
6:15-17;
The Judgment in the Sixth Seal
402
Angels Prevent the Evil Forces from Commencing Their
Destructive Activity on Earth Until Believers Are Given
Spiritual Protection against Losing Their Faith
(7:1-8) 404
The Seal
409
The
144,000 416
God and the Lamb Are Praised for Making Manifest the
Redemption of Multitudes by Protecting Them through a
Purifying Tribulation
(7:9-17) 424
The
Abrahamie
Promise
429
The "Great Tribulation"
433
Clothing Washed White: The Old Testament Background
436
Additional Considerations on the Old Testament Background
of7:14ff.
438
The Idea of Believers as Priests and Its Old Testament
Background
439
The "Temple
"
and Its Old Testament Background
440
The Temporal Location of
7:13-17 443
The Seventh Seal as the Conclusion of the Seal Series: The Last
Judgment Is Described Again as a Formal Response to the
Saints' Petition in
6:10
That God Punish the Unbelieving
World
(8:1-5) 445
"Silence"
446
The Transition from the Seals to the Trumpets
460
8:6-11:19:
The Seven Trumpets
465
The Old Testament Background of the Trumpet Judgments
465
The First Six Trumpets: God Responds to the Saints' Prayer by
Using Angels to Execute Judgments on the Persecuting World,
Leading Up to the Last Judgment
(8:6-9:21) 472
The Interruption of Patterns of Cosmic Light Sources as an
Indication of Covenantal Judgment in the Old Testament
and Jewish Writings
483
CONTENTS xiii
Conclusion
to the First Four Trumpets
485
The Metaphorical Associations of Serpents and Scorpions in
Judaism
515
Other Old Testament and Jewish Precedents for
9:17-19 516
The Parenthesis in Chapters
10-11 520
John Is Recommissioned to Prophesy about Judgment,
Concerning Which He Paradoxically Rejoices and Mourns
(10:1-11) 522
Is the "Book" in Chapter
10
Identical to the "Book" in
Chapter
5? 530
Special Questions in
10:7 539
God's Decree Ensures His Presence with His People and Their
Effective Witness, Which Leads to Their Apparent Defeat and
Culminates in Judgment of Their Oppressors
(11:1-13) 556
The Metaphors in
11:1-2 557
The Ministries of Moses and Elijah as a Model for the Two
Witnesses
582
The Relationship of the Two Witnesses' Ministry to the
Trumpet Plagues
585
The Seventh Trumpet: God Establishes the Consummated
Kingdom and Executes the Consummated Judgment
(11:14-19) 609
Is
11:15-19
the Content of the Third Woe/Seventh Trumpet?
609
12:1-15:4:
Deeper Conflict
621
As a Result of Christ's Victory over the Devil, God Protects the
Messianic Community against the Devil's Wrathful Harm
(12:1-17) 621
The End-Time Exodus against the Background of the First
Exodus
643
The Desert as a Place of Both Trial and Protection
645
The Background of the "Three and a Half Year" Period
646
The "Place" of Refuge in the Desert as the Spiritual Sanctuary
648
How Christ's Redemptive Work Resulted in Satan's Expulsion
from Heaven
658
The Jewish Legal Background of Satan as an Accuser and Its
Relation to
12:10 661
Believers Are Exhorted to Be Discerning about Falsehood and
Not to Participate in False Worship Propagated by the Devil
and His Worldly Allies, So As to Hold on to Their Faith
(12:18-13:18) 680
xiv CONTENTS
666 718
The Shaping of Chapter
13 728
God Accomplishes His Glory by Rewarding Believers and
Punishing the Beast and His Followers at the End of History
(14:1-15:4) 730
Do
14:14-16
and
14:17-20
Portray Redemption and Judgment
Respectively
—
Further Discussion
776
Further Analysis of the Old Testament Background of
14:14-19 778
The Grammatical Problem in
14:19 779
15:5-16:21:
The Seven Bowl Judgments: God Punishes the
Ungodly during the Inter-Advent Age and Consummately at
the Last Day Because of Their Persecution and Idolatry
801
The Resumption of the Introduction to the Seven Bowl
Judgments
(15:5-8) 801
The "Seven Angels" and the Textual Problem concerning
Their Attire
804
The Trumpets and the Bowls
808
The Command to Pour Out the Bowls
(16:1) 812
The First Five Bowls: God Punishes the Ungodly during the
biter-Advent Age by Depriving Them of Earthly Security
Because of Their Persecution and Idolatry
(16:2-11) 814
The Sixth and Seventh Bowls: The Final Judgment of the Evil
World System
(16:12-21) 827
17:1-19:21:
Final Judgment of Babylon and the Beast
847
The Influence of the World's Economic-Religious System and of
the State, Their Alliance, and the Downfall of Both
(17:1-18) 847
Saints Who Do Not Compromise with the Idolatrous World Are
to Rejoice over God's Judgment of It Because This
Demonstrates the Integrity of Their Faith and of God's Justice
and Glory and Leads to God's Consummate Reign and Union
with His People
(18:1-19:10) 890
The Wedding Clothes
934
Christ Will Reveal His Sovereignty and Faithfulness to His
Promises by Judging Babylon's Former Allies in Oder to
Vindicate His People
(19:11-21) 948
CONTENTS xv
20:1-15: The Millennium
Is Inaugurated during the Church Age
as God Limits Satan's Deceptive Powers and as Deceased
Christians Are Vindicated by Reigning in Heaven. The
Millennium Is Concluded by a Resurgence of Satan's
Deceptive Assault against the Church and the Final Judgment
972
The Millennium Is Inaugurated during the Church Age by God's
Curtailment of Satan's Ability to Deceive the Nations and to
Annihilate the Church and by the Resurrection of Believers'
Souls to Heaven to Reign There with Christ
(20:1-6) 972
Arguments for a Nonsequential Temporal Relationship
between
20:1-6
and
19:11-21 974
Additional Observations Supporting This Analysis of
20:4-6 1007
Is "One Thousand Years"Literal or Figurative?
1017
Satan Will Be Released to Deceive the Nations Again, So That
They Will Attempt to Annihilate the Church
(20:7-10) 1021
The Final Judgment Will Occur at the End of Cosmic History:
All People Will Be Resurrected and Judged according to Their
Works, and the Guilty Will Be Consigned to Eternal
Punishment
(20:11-15) 1031
21:1-22:5:
The New Creation and the Church Perfected in Glory
1039
fa the New Creation the Faithful Will Experience the Salvation
Blessing of Intimate Communion with God, but the Unfaithful
Will Be Excluded from This Blessing
(21:1-8) 1039
Further Discussion of the Background of "There Is No More
Sea" in 21:1b and the Parallels in 21:4b
1050
Textual Problems in
21:4 1052
The Initial View and Appearance of the City: God's Glorious
Presence Establishes the Inviolable and Completed
Community of the Redeemed
(21:9-14) 1063
The Measurements of the City: God's Permanent Presence
Secures and Guarantees the Perfected Inviolability of the
Redeemed Community
(21:15-17) 1072
The Material of the City: God's Permanent Presence Guarantees
the Perfected Security of the Redeemed Community and
Causes It to Reflect His Glory
(21:18-21) 1079
The Background of the Precious Stones
1080
xvi CONTENTS
The Internal Features of the City and Its Inhabitants: The
Glorious Presence of God and the Lamb Will Elicit the
Response of Praise from True Believers, but False Believers
Will Be Excluded Forever from God's Presence
(21:22-27) 1090
The City's Garden, River, Inhabitants, and Luminary: God's
Consummate, Glorious Presence with His People Ensures the
Eternal Absence of Any Curse and Establishes Their
Everlasting Role of Priests and Kings in Praising and
Reflecting His Glory
(22:1 -5) 1103
The Purpose and Rhetorical Function of the
21:1-22:5
Vision
1117
22:6-21:
Conclusion
1122
The First Exhortation to Holiness
(22:6-7) 1123
The Second Exhortation to Holiness
(22:8-10) 1127
The Third Exhortation to Holiness
(22:11-12) 1131
The Fourth Exhortation to Holiness
(22:13-17) 1138
The Fifth Exhortation to Holiness
(22:18-20) 1150
The Conclusion of
22:6-20
and of the Whole Book
(22:21) 1156
Index of Modem Authors
1158
Index of Biblical and Other Ancient Writings ill A |
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| spelling | Beale, Gregory K. Verfasser aut The book of Revelation a commentary on the Greek text by G. K. Beale [Nachdr.] Grand Rapids, Mich. [u.a.] Eerdmans [u.a.] 2006 LXIV, 1245 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The new international Greek testament commentary Bibel Offenbarung des Johannes (DE-588)4073055-4 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4136710-8 Kommentar gnd-content Bibel Offenbarung des Johannes (DE-588)4073055-4 u DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016275419&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
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| title | The book of Revelation a commentary on the Greek text |
| title_auth | The book of Revelation a commentary on the Greek text |
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