Designing and building fuel cells:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
McGraw-Hill
2007
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| Ausgabe: | [1. ed.] |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents only Publisher description Contributor biographical information Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 434 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0071489770 9780071489775 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Spiegel, Colleen |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Designing and building fuel cells |c Colleen Spiegel |
| 250 | |a [1. ed.] | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York |b McGraw-Hill |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 434 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Piles à combustible | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Piles à combustible - Conception et construction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Piles à hydrogène | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fuel cells |x Design and construction | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Brennstoffzelle |0 (DE-588)4008195-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0712/2007007508-d.html |3 Publisher description | |
| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0712/2007007508-b.html |3 Contributor biographical information | |
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| _version_ | 1804137284297031680 |
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| adam_text | DESIGNING AND BUILDING FUEL CELLS COLLEEN SPIEGEL ME GRAUV HILL NEWYORK
CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO LISBON LONDON MADRID MEXICO CITY MILAN NEW DELHI
SAN JUAN SEOUL SINGAPORE SYDNEY TORONTO CONTENTS FOREWORD XII CHAPTER 1.
AN INTRODUCTION TO FUEL CELLS 1 1.1 WHAT IS A FUEL CELL? 3 1.1.1
COMPARISON WITH BATTERIES 4 1.1.2 COMPARISON WITH HEAT ENGINE , 5 1.2
WHY DO WE NEED FUEL CELLS? . 6 1.2.1 PORTABLE SECTOR 7 1.2.2
TRANSPORTATION SECTOR - 7 1.2.3 STATIONARY SECTOR 7 1.3 HISTORY OF FUEL
CELLS - 7 1.3.1 PEM FUEL CELLS 9 1.3.2 SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 10 1.3.3
MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS 10 1.3.4 PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELLS 11 1.3.5
ALKALI FUEL CELLS 11 1.4 HOW DO FUEL CELLS WORK? 12 CHAPTER SUMMARY 13
PROBLEMS 13 BIBLIOGRAPHY 13 CHAPTER 2. FUEL CELLS AND THE HYDROGEN
ECONOMY 15 2.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROGEN ^ 16 2.1.1 SAFETY ASPECTS OF
HYDROGEN AS A FUEL 18 2.2 WORLD ENERGY DEMAND 19 2.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE
HYDROGEN ECONOMY 21 2.4 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND STORAGE
22 2.4.1 TECHNOLOGIES FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 22 2.4.2 TECHNOLOGIES FOR
HYDROGEN STORAGE 24 2.4.3 WORLDWIDE HYDROGEN REFUELING STATIONS 25 VI
CONTENTS 2.5 INVESTMENT OF HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE 26 2.5.1 GOVERNMENT
SUPPORT 28 2.5.2 LONG-TERM PROJECTIONS OF HYDROGEN USE 28 2.5.3 KEY
PLAYERS IN HYDROGEN R&D 29 CHAPTER SUMMARY 33 PROBLEMS 33 BIBLIOGRAPHY
34 CHAPTER 3. FUEL CELL TYPES ^- 35 3.1 POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE
FUEL CELLS (PEMFCS) 36 3.2 ALKALINE FUEL CELLS (AFCS) 39 3.3 PHOSPHORIC
ACID FUEL CELLS (PAFCS) 40 3.4 SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFCS) 42 3.5
MOLTEN-CARBONATE FUEL CELLS (MCFCS) 43 3.6 DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS
(DMFCS) 44 3.7 ZINC AIR FUEL CELLS (ZAFCS) 46 3.8 PROTONIC CERAMIC FUEL
CELLS (PCFCS) 47 3.9 BIOLOGICAL FUEL CELLS (BFCS) 49 CHAPTER SUMMARY 50
PROBLEMS 51 BIBLIOGRAPHY 51 CHAPTER 4. FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS 53 4.1
PORTABLE POWER * 53 4.2 BACKUP POWER 55 4.2.1 BASIC ELECTROLYZER
CALCULATIONS . 56 4.3 TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS 57 4.3.1 AUTOMOBILES ,
58 4.3.2 BUSES 66 4.3.3 UTILITY VEHICLES 66 4.3.4 SCOOTERS AND BICYCLES
69 4.4 STATIONARY POWER APPLICATIONS * 72 CHAPTER SUMMARY 83 PROBLEMS 84
BIBLIOGRAPHY 84 CHAPTER 5. BASIC FUEL CELL THERMODYNAMICS 87 5.1 BASIC
THERMODYNAMIC CONCEPTS 87 5.2 FUEL CELL REVERSIBLE AND NET OUTPUT
VOLTAGE 92 5.3 THEORETICAL FUEL CELL EFFICIENCY & 99 5.3.1 ENERGY
EFFICIENCY 100 5.4 FUEL CELL TEMPERATURE 101 5.5 FUEL CELL PRESSURE 102
CHAPTER SUMMARY 104 PROBLEMS 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY 105 CHAPTER 6. FUEL CELL
ELECTROCHEMISTRY 107 6.1 ELECTRODE KINETICS 110 6.2 VOLTAGE LOSSES 112
CONTENTS VII 6.3 INTERNAL CURRENTS AND CROSSOVER CURRENTS 116 6.4
IMPROVING KINETIC PERFORMANCE 117 CHAPTER SUMMARY 118 PROBLEMS 118
BIBLIOGRAPHY 119 CHAPTER 7. FUEL CELL CHARGE TRANSPORT 121 7.1 VOLTAGE
LOSS DUE TO CHARGE TRANSPORT 121 7.2 MICROSCOPIC CONDUCTIVITY IN
METALS 126 7.3 IONIC CONDUCTIVITY IN AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES 126 7.4 IONIC
CONDUCTIVITY OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTES 127 7.5 IONIC CONDUCTION IN CERAMIC
ELECTROLYTES 130 CHAPTER SUMMARY 131 PROBLEMS 132 BIBLIOGRAPHY 132
CHAPTER 8. FUEL CELL MASS TRANSPORT 133 8.1 CONVECTIVE MASS TRANSPORT
FROM FLOW CHANNELS TO ELECTRODE 134 8.2 DIFFUSIVE MASS TRANSPORT IN FUEL
CELL ELECTRODES 135 8.3 CONVECTIVE MASS TRANSPORT IN FLOW STRUCTURES 139
8.3.1 MASS TRANSPORT IN FLOW CHANNELS 139 8.3.2 PRESSURE DROP IN FLOW
CHANNELS 144 CHAPTER SUMMARY 149 PROBLEMS ~ 149 BIBLIOGRAPHY 150 T
CHAPTER 9. HEAT TRANSFER 151 9.1 FUEL CELL ENERGY BALANCE 152 9.1.1
GENERAL ENERGY BALANCE PROCEDURE 152 9.1.2 ENERGY BALANCE OF FUEL CELL
STACK 154 9.1.3 GENERAL ENERGY BALANCE FOR FUEL CELL 154 9.1.4 ENERGY
BALANCE FOR FUEL CELL COMPONENTS AND GASES 155 9.2 HEAT GENERATION AND
FLUX IN FUEL CELL LAYERS 158 9.3 HEAT CONDUCTION 158 9.4 HEAT
DISSIPATION THROUGH NATURAL CONVECTION AND RADIATION 159 9.5 FUEL CELL
HEAT MANAGEMENT 160 9.5.1 HEAT EXCHANGER MODEL & 162 9.5.2 AIR COOLING
163 9.5.3 EDGE COOLING 166 CHAPTER SUMMARY 167 PROBLEMS 168 BIBLIOGRAPHY
168 CHAPTER 10. FUEL CELL^MODELING 171 10.1 CONSERVATION OF MASS 175
10.2 CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM 175 VIII CONTENTS 10.3 CONSERVATION OF
ENERGY 176 10.4 CONSERVATION OF SPECIES 177 10.5 CONSERVATION OF CHARGE
178 10.6 THE ELECTRODES 178 10.6.1 MASS TRANSPORT 179 10.6.2
ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR 181 10.6.3 ION/ELECTRON TRANSPORT 183 10.6.4
HEAT TRANSPORT IN THE ELECTRODES 184 10.7 THE ELECTROLYTE ^ 185 CHAPTER
SUMMARY 186 PROBLEMS 187 BIBLIOGRAPHY 187 CHAPTER 11. FUEL CELL
MATERIALS 189 11.1 ELECTROLYTE LAYER 190 11.1.1 PEMFCS AND DMFCS 192
11.1.2 PAFCS 195 11.1.3 AFCS 196 11.1.4 MCFCS 196 11.1.5 SOFCS 198 11.2
FUEL CELL ELECTRODE LAYERS 199 11.2.1 PEMFC, DMFC, AND PAFC CATALYSTS
201 11.2.2 PEMFC, DMFC, AND PAFC GAS DIFFUSION LAYERS 205 11.2.3 AFC
ELECTRODES 207 11.2.4 MCFC ELECTRODES , 208 11.2.5 SOFC ELECTRODES 208
11.3 LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES 210 11.4 SOFC
MANUFACTURING METHOD 212 11.5 METHOD FOR BUILDING A FUEL CELL 213 11.5.1
PREPARING THE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE 213 11.5.2 CATALYST/ELECTRODE
LAYER MATERIAL 214 11.5.3 HOT-PRESSING THE MEA 215 CHAPTER SUMMARY * 217
PROBLEMS 217 BIBLIOGRAPHY 218 CHAPTER 12. FUEL CELL STACK COMPONENTS AND
MATERIALS 221 12.1 BIPOLAR PLATES 221 12.1.1 BIPOLAR PLATE MATERIALS FOR
LOW AND MEDIUM TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS 223 12.1.2 COATED METALLIC PLATES
224 12.1.3 COMPOSITE PLATES =* 226 12.2 FLOW-FIELD DESIGN 227 12.3
MATERIALS FOR SOFCS 232 12.4 MATERIALS FOR MCFCS ^ 233 12.5 PAFC
MATERIALS AND DESIGN 234 12.6 CHANNEL SHAPE, DIMENSIONS, AND SPACING 235
12.7 BIPOLAR PLATE MANUFACTURING 235 12.7.1 NONPOROUS GRAPHITE PLATE
FABRICATION 235 12.7.2 COATED METALLIC PLATE FABRICATION 236 12.7.3
COMPOSITE PLATE FABRICATION 237 CONTENTS IX 12.8 GASKETS AND SPACERS 237
12.8.1 PEMFCS/DMFCS/AFCS 238 12.8.2 SOFC SEALS 238 12.9 END PLATES 240
12.10 CONSTRUCTING THE FUEL CELL BIPOLAR PLATES, GASKETS, END PLATES,
AND CURRENT COLLECTORS 241 12.10.1 BIPOLAR PLATE DESIGN 241 12.10.2
GASKET SELECTION 242 12.10.3 END PLATES ^. 243 12.10.4 CURRENT
COLLECTORS 244 CHAPTER SUMMARY 244 PROBLEMS 245 BIBLIOGRAPHY 245 CHAPTER
13. FUEL CELL STACK DESIGN 247 13.1 FUEL CELL STACK SIZING 249 13.2
NUMBER OF CELLS 254 13.3 STACK CONFIGURATION 255 13.4 DISTRIBUTION OF
FUEL AND OXIDANTS TO THE CELLS 260 13.5 CELL INTERCONNECTION 262 13.5.1
SOFCS 263 13.5.2 AFCS 264 13.6 STACK CLAMPING 264 13.7 WATER MANAGEMENT
FOR PEMFCS 265 13.7.1 WATER MANAGEMENT METHODS * 266 13.8 PUTTING THE
FUEL CELL STACK TOGETHER 267 CHAPTER SUMMARY - 268 PROBLEMS 269
BIBLIOGRAPHY * 269 CHAPTER 14. FUEL CELL SYSTEM DESIGN 273 276 276 281
284 289 291 296 297 298 300 303 304 305 306 307 308 308 310 311 311 14.1
14.2 14.3 14.4 FUEL SUBSYSTEM 14.1.1 14.1.2 14.1.3 14.1.4 14.1.5
ELECTRICAL 14.2.1 14.2.2 14.2.3 14.2.4 14.2.5 14.2.6 14.2.7 14.2.8 FUEL
CELL HUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS FANS AND BLOWERS COMPRESSORS TURBINES FUEL
CELL PUMPS SUBSYSTEM POWER DIODES SWITCHING DEVICES SWITCHING REGULATORS
INVERTERS =* SUPERCAPACITORS POWER ELECTRONICS FOR CELLULAR PHONES
DC-DC CONVERTERS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS FOR
LARGER APPLICATIONS HYBRID POWER SYSTEMS SYSTEM EFFICIENCY CHAPTER
SUMMARY PROBLEMS BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTENTS CHAPTER 15. FUEL TYPES, DELIVERY,
AND PROCESSING 313 15.1 HYDROGEN 315 15.1.1 GAS 315 15.1.2 LIQUID 320
15.1.3 CARBON NANOFIBERS 322 15.2 OTHER COMMON FUEL TYPES 324 15.2.1
METHANOL . 324 15.2.2 ETHANOL 325 15.2.3 METAL HYDRIDES * 325 15.2.4
CHEMICAL HYDRIDES 328 15.2.5 AMMONIA 331 15.2.6 NATURAL GAS 333 15.2.7
PROPANE 333 15.2.8 GASOLINE AND OTHER PETROLEUM- BASED FUELS 333 15.2.9
BIO-FUELS 334 15.3 FUEL PROCESSING 334 15.3.1 DESULFURIZATION 336 15.3.2
STEAM REFORMING 337 15.3.3 CARBON FORMATION 339 15.3.4 INTERNAL
REFORMING 339 15.3.5 DIRECT HYDROCARBON OXIDATION 341 15.3.6 PARTIAL
OXIDATION 341 15.3.7 PYROLYSIS 343 15.3.8 METHANOL REFORMING 343 15.4
BIOPRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN .344 15.4.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS 344 15.4.2
DIGESTION PROCESSES 345 15.5 ELECTROLYZERS 346 15.5.1 ELECTROLYZER
EFFICIENCY 347 15.5.2 HIGH PRESSURE IN ELECTROLYZERS - 347 CHAPTER
SUMMARY 348 PROBLEMS 349 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 349 CHAPTER 16. FUEL CELL
OPERATING CONDITIONS 353 16.1 OPERATING PRESSURE 353 16.2 OPERATING
TEMPERATURE 356 16.3 FLOW RATES OF REACTANTS 357 16.4 HUMIDITY OF
REACTANTS 361 16.5 FUEL CELL MASS BALANCE 363 CHAPTER SUMMARY 370
PROBLEMS 370 BIBLIOGRAPHY 371 CHAPTER 17. FUEL CELL CHARACTERIZATION
373 17.1 FUEL CELL TESTING SETUP 373 17.2 VERIFICATION OF THE ASSEMBLY
376 17.3 FUEL CELL CONDITIONING 376 17.4 BASEIINETEST CONDITIONS AND
OPERATING PARAMETERS 377 17.4.1 TEMPERATURE 378 17.4.2 PRESSURE 378
CONTENTS XI 17.4.3 FLOW RATE 378 17.4.4 COMPRESSION FORCE 378 17.5
POLARIZATION CURVES 378 17.6 FUEL CELL RESISTANCE 380 17.6.1 CURRENT
INTERRUPT 381 17.6.2 THE AC RESISTANCE METHOD 382 17.6.3 THE
HIGH-FREQUENCY RESISTANCE (HFR) METHOD 382 17.6.4 ELECTROCHEMICAL (EIS)
IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY 383 17.6.5 STOICHIOMETRY (UTILIZATION) SWEEPS .
385 17.6.6 LIMITING CURRENT 386 17.6.7 CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY 387 17.7
CURRENT DENSITY MAPPING 388 17.8 NEUTRON IMAGING 388 17.9
CHARACTERIZATION OF FUEL CELL LAYERS 388 17.9.1 POROSITY DETERMINATION
389 17.9.2 BET SURFACE AREA DETERMINATION 389 17.9.3 TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM) 390 17.9.4 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM)
390 17.9.5 X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD) 390 17.9.6 ENERGY DISPERSIVE
SPECTROSCOPY (EDS) 390 17.9.7 X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (XRF) 391 17.9.8
INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROSCOPY (ICP-MS) 391 CHAPTER
SUMMARY 391 PROBLEMS 392 BIBLIOGRAPHY 392 APPENDIX A. USEFUL CONSTANTS
AND CONVERSIONS 395 APPENDIX B. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED
SUBSTANCES 397 APPENDIX C. MOLECULAR WEIGHT, GAS CONSTANT AND SPECIFIC
HEAT FOR SELECTED SUBSTANCES 399 APPENDIX D. GAS SPECIF IC HEATS AT
VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 401 APPENDIX E. SPECIFIC HEAT FOR SATURATED LIQUID
WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 403 APPENDIX F. THERMODYNAMIC DATA FOR
SELECTED FUEL CELL REACTANTS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 405 APPENDIX G.
BINARY DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SELECTED FUEJ CELL SUBSTANCES 413
APPENDIX H. PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS 415 APPENDIX I. FUEL CELL
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND PARAMETERS 417 INDEX 423
|
| adam_txt |
DESIGNING AND BUILDING FUEL CELLS COLLEEN SPIEGEL ME GRAUV HILL NEWYORK
CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO LISBON LONDON MADRID MEXICO CITY MILAN NEW DELHI
SAN JUAN SEOUL SINGAPORE SYDNEY TORONTO CONTENTS FOREWORD XII CHAPTER 1.
AN INTRODUCTION TO FUEL CELLS 1 1.1 WHAT IS A FUEL CELL? 3 1.1.1
COMPARISON WITH BATTERIES 4 1.1.2 COMPARISON WITH HEAT ENGINE ,' 5 1.2
WHY DO WE NEED FUEL CELLS? .' 6 1.2.1 PORTABLE SECTOR 7 1.2.2
TRANSPORTATION SECTOR - 7 1.2.3 STATIONARY SECTOR 7 1.3 HISTORY OF FUEL
CELLS - 7 1.3.1 PEM FUEL CELLS 9 1.3.2 SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 10 1.3.3
MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS 10 1.3.4 PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELLS 11 1.3.5
ALKALI FUEL CELLS 11 1.4 HOW DO FUEL CELLS WORK? 12 CHAPTER SUMMARY 13
PROBLEMS 13 BIBLIOGRAPHY 13 CHAPTER 2. FUEL CELLS AND THE HYDROGEN
ECONOMY 15 2.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROGEN ^ 16 2.1.1 SAFETY ASPECTS OF
HYDROGEN AS A FUEL 18 2.2 WORLD ENERGY DEMAND 19 2.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE
HYDROGEN ECONOMY 21 2.4 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND STORAGE
22 2.4.1 TECHNOLOGIES FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 22 2.4.2 TECHNOLOGIES FOR
HYDROGEN STORAGE 24 2.4.3 WORLDWIDE HYDROGEN REFUELING STATIONS 25 VI
CONTENTS 2.5 INVESTMENT OF HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE 26 2.5.1 GOVERNMENT
SUPPORT 28 2.5.2 LONG-TERM PROJECTIONS OF HYDROGEN USE 28 2.5.3 KEY
PLAYERS IN HYDROGEN R&D 29 CHAPTER SUMMARY 33 PROBLEMS 33 BIBLIOGRAPHY
34 CHAPTER 3. FUEL CELL TYPES ^- 35 3.1 POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE
FUEL CELLS (PEMFCS) 36 3.2 ALKALINE FUEL CELLS (AFCS) 39 3.3 PHOSPHORIC
ACID FUEL CELLS (PAFCS) 40 3.4 SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFCS) 42 3.5
MOLTEN-CARBONATE FUEL CELLS (MCFCS) 43 3.6 DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS
(DMFCS) 44 3.7 ZINC AIR FUEL CELLS (ZAFCS) 46 3.8 PROTONIC CERAMIC FUEL
CELLS (PCFCS) 47 3.9 BIOLOGICAL FUEL CELLS (BFCS) 49 CHAPTER SUMMARY 50
PROBLEMS 51 BIBLIOGRAPHY 51 CHAPTER 4. FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS 53 4.1
PORTABLE POWER *' 53 4.2 BACKUP POWER 55 4.2.1 BASIC ELECTROLYZER
CALCULATIONS . 56 4.3 TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS 57 4.3.1 AUTOMOBILES ,
58 4.3.2 BUSES 66 4.3.3 UTILITY VEHICLES 66 4.3.4 SCOOTERS AND BICYCLES
69 4.4 STATIONARY POWER APPLICATIONS * 72 CHAPTER SUMMARY 83 PROBLEMS 84
BIBLIOGRAPHY 84 CHAPTER 5. BASIC FUEL CELL THERMODYNAMICS 87 5.1 BASIC
THERMODYNAMIC CONCEPTS 87 5.2 FUEL CELL REVERSIBLE AND NET OUTPUT
VOLTAGE 92 5.3 THEORETICAL FUEL CELL EFFICIENCY & 99 5.3.1 ENERGY
EFFICIENCY 100 5.4 FUEL CELL TEMPERATURE 101 5.5 FUEL CELL PRESSURE 102
CHAPTER SUMMARY 104 PROBLEMS 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY 105 CHAPTER 6. FUEL CELL
ELECTROCHEMISTRY 107 6.1 ELECTRODE KINETICS 110 6.2 VOLTAGE LOSSES 112
CONTENTS VII 6.3 INTERNAL CURRENTS AND CROSSOVER CURRENTS 116 6.4
IMPROVING KINETIC PERFORMANCE 117 CHAPTER SUMMARY 118 PROBLEMS 118
BIBLIOGRAPHY ' 119 CHAPTER 7. FUEL CELL CHARGE TRANSPORT 121 7.1 VOLTAGE
LOSS DUE TO CHARGE TRANSPORT "'' 121 7.2 MICROSCOPIC CONDUCTIVITY IN
METALS 126 7.3 IONIC CONDUCTIVITY IN AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES 126 7.4 IONIC
CONDUCTIVITY OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTES 127 7.5 IONIC CONDUCTION IN CERAMIC
ELECTROLYTES 130 CHAPTER SUMMARY 131 PROBLEMS 132 BIBLIOGRAPHY 132
CHAPTER 8. FUEL CELL MASS TRANSPORT 133 8.1 CONVECTIVE MASS TRANSPORT
FROM FLOW CHANNELS TO ELECTRODE 134 8.2 DIFFUSIVE MASS TRANSPORT IN FUEL
CELL ELECTRODES 135 8.3 CONVECTIVE MASS TRANSPORT IN FLOW STRUCTURES 139
8.3.1 MASS TRANSPORT IN FLOW CHANNELS ' 139 8.3.2 PRESSURE DROP IN FLOW
CHANNELS ' 144 CHAPTER SUMMARY 149 PROBLEMS ~ 149 BIBLIOGRAPHY 150 T
CHAPTER 9. HEAT TRANSFER 151 9.1 FUEL CELL ENERGY BALANCE 152 9.1.1
GENERAL ENERGY BALANCE PROCEDURE 152 9.1.2 ENERGY BALANCE OF FUEL CELL
STACK 154 9.1.3 GENERAL ENERGY BALANCE FOR FUEL CELL 154 9.1.4 ENERGY
BALANCE FOR FUEL CELL COMPONENTS AND GASES 155 9.2 HEAT GENERATION AND
FLUX IN FUEL CELL LAYERS 158 9.3 HEAT CONDUCTION 158 9.4 HEAT
DISSIPATION THROUGH NATURAL CONVECTION AND RADIATION 159 9.5 FUEL CELL
HEAT MANAGEMENT 160 9.5.1 HEAT EXCHANGER MODEL & 162 9.5.2 AIR COOLING
163 9.5.3 EDGE COOLING 166 CHAPTER SUMMARY 167 PROBLEMS 168 BIBLIOGRAPHY
168 CHAPTER 10. FUEL CELL^MODELING 171 10.1 CONSERVATION OF MASS 175
10.2 CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM 175 VIII CONTENTS 10.3 CONSERVATION OF
ENERGY 176 10.4 CONSERVATION OF SPECIES 177 10.5 CONSERVATION OF CHARGE
178 10.6 THE ELECTRODES 178 10.6.1 MASS TRANSPORT 179 10.6.2
ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR 181 10.6.3 ION/ELECTRON TRANSPORT 183 10.6.4
HEAT TRANSPORT IN THE ELECTRODES 184 10.7 THE ELECTROLYTE ^ 185 CHAPTER
SUMMARY 186 PROBLEMS 187 BIBLIOGRAPHY 187 CHAPTER 11. FUEL CELL
MATERIALS 189 11.1 ELECTROLYTE LAYER 190 11.1.1 PEMFCS AND DMFCS 192
11.1.2 PAFCS 195 11.1.3 AFCS 196 11.1.4 MCFCS 196 11.1.5 SOFCS 198 11.2
FUEL CELL ELECTRODE LAYERS 199 11.2.1 PEMFC, DMFC, AND PAFC CATALYSTS
201 11.2.2 PEMFC, DMFC, AND PAFC GAS DIFFUSION LAYERS 205 11.2.3 AFC
ELECTRODES 207 11.2.4 MCFC ELECTRODES , 208 11.2.5 SOFC ELECTRODES ' 208
11.3 LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES 210 11.4 SOFC
MANUFACTURING METHOD 212 11.5 METHOD FOR BUILDING A FUEL CELL 213 11.5.1
PREPARING THE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE 213 11.5.2 CATALYST/ELECTRODE
LAYER MATERIAL 214 11.5.3 HOT-PRESSING THE MEA 215 CHAPTER SUMMARY * 217
PROBLEMS 217 BIBLIOGRAPHY 218 CHAPTER 12. FUEL CELL STACK COMPONENTS AND
MATERIALS 221 12.1 BIPOLAR PLATES 221 12.1.1 BIPOLAR PLATE MATERIALS FOR
LOW AND MEDIUM TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS 223 12.1.2 COATED METALLIC PLATES
224 12.1.3 COMPOSITE PLATES =* 226 12.2 FLOW-FIELD DESIGN 227 12.3
MATERIALS FOR SOFCS 232 12.4 MATERIALS FOR MCFCS ^ 233 12.5 PAFC
MATERIALS AND DESIGN 234 12.6 CHANNEL SHAPE, DIMENSIONS, AND SPACING 235
12.7 BIPOLAR PLATE MANUFACTURING 235 12.7.1 NONPOROUS GRAPHITE PLATE
FABRICATION 235 12.7.2 COATED METALLIC PLATE FABRICATION 236 12.7.3
COMPOSITE PLATE FABRICATION 237 CONTENTS IX 12.8 GASKETS AND SPACERS 237
12.8.1 PEMFCS/DMFCS/AFCS 238 12.8.2 SOFC SEALS 238 12.9 END PLATES 240
12.10 CONSTRUCTING THE FUEL CELL BIPOLAR PLATES, GASKETS, END PLATES,
AND CURRENT COLLECTORS 241 12.10.1 BIPOLAR PLATE DESIGN 241 12.10.2
GASKET SELECTION 242 12.10.3 END PLATES ^. 243 12.10.4 CURRENT
COLLECTORS 244 CHAPTER SUMMARY 244 PROBLEMS 245 BIBLIOGRAPHY 245 CHAPTER
13. FUEL CELL STACK DESIGN 247 13.1 FUEL CELL STACK SIZING 249 13.2
NUMBER OF CELLS 254 13.3 STACK CONFIGURATION 255 13.4 DISTRIBUTION OF
FUEL AND OXIDANTS TO THE CELLS 260 13.5 CELL INTERCONNECTION 262 13.5.1
SOFCS 263 13.5.2 AFCS 264 13.6 STACK CLAMPING 264 13.7 WATER MANAGEMENT
FOR PEMFCS 265 13.7.1 WATER MANAGEMENT METHODS * 266 13.8 PUTTING THE
FUEL CELL STACK TOGETHER 267 CHAPTER SUMMARY - 268 PROBLEMS 269
BIBLIOGRAPHY * 269 CHAPTER 14. FUEL CELL SYSTEM DESIGN 273 276 276 281
284 289 291 296 297 298 300 303 304 305 306 307 308 308 310 311 311 14.1
14.2 14.3 14.4 FUEL SUBSYSTEM 14.1.1 14.1.2 14.1.3 14.1.4 14.1.5
ELECTRICAL 14.2.1 14.2.2 14.2.3 14.2.4 14.2.5 14.2.6 14.2.7 14.2.8 FUEL
CELL HUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS FANS AND BLOWERS COMPRESSORS TURBINES FUEL
CELL PUMPS SUBSYSTEM POWER DIODES SWITCHING DEVICES SWITCHING REGULATORS
INVERTERS =* SUPERCAPACITORS POWER ELECTRONICS FOR CELLULAR PHONES
DC-DC CONVERTERS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS FOR
LARGER APPLICATIONS HYBRID POWER SYSTEMS SYSTEM EFFICIENCY CHAPTER
SUMMARY PROBLEMS BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTENTS CHAPTER 15. FUEL TYPES, DELIVERY,
AND PROCESSING 313 15.1 HYDROGEN 315 15.1.1 GAS 315 15.1.2 LIQUID 320
15.1.3 CARBON NANOFIBERS 322 15.2 OTHER COMMON FUEL TYPES 324 15.2.1
METHANOL . 324 15.2.2 ETHANOL 325 15.2.3 METAL HYDRIDES "* 325 15.2.4
CHEMICAL HYDRIDES 328 15.2.5 AMMONIA 331 15.2.6 NATURAL GAS 333 15.2.7
PROPANE 333 15.2.8 GASOLINE AND OTHER PETROLEUM- BASED FUELS 333 15.2.9
BIO-FUELS 334 15.3 FUEL PROCESSING 334 15.3.1 DESULFURIZATION 336 15.3.2
STEAM REFORMING 337 15.3.3 CARBON FORMATION 339 15.3.4 INTERNAL
REFORMING 339 15.3.5 DIRECT HYDROCARBON OXIDATION 341 15.3.6 PARTIAL
OXIDATION 341 15.3.7 PYROLYSIS 343 15.3.8 METHANOL REFORMING 343 15.4
BIOPRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN .344 15.4.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS '344 15.4.2
DIGESTION PROCESSES 345 15.5 ELECTROLYZERS 346 15.5.1 ELECTROLYZER
EFFICIENCY 347 15.5.2 HIGH PRESSURE IN ELECTROLYZERS - 347 CHAPTER
SUMMARY 348 PROBLEMS 349 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 349 CHAPTER 16. FUEL CELL
OPERATING CONDITIONS 353 16.1 OPERATING PRESSURE 353 16.2 OPERATING
TEMPERATURE 356 16.3 FLOW RATES OF REACTANTS 357 16.4 HUMIDITY OF
REACTANTS 361 16.5 FUEL CELL MASS BALANCE 363 CHAPTER SUMMARY 370
PROBLEMS " 370 BIBLIOGRAPHY 371 CHAPTER 17. FUEL CELL CHARACTERIZATION
373 17.1 FUEL CELL TESTING SETUP 373 17.2 VERIFICATION OF THE ASSEMBLY
376 17.3 FUEL CELL CONDITIONING 376 17.4 BASEIINETEST CONDITIONS AND
OPERATING PARAMETERS 377 17.4.1 TEMPERATURE 378 17.4.2 PRESSURE 378
CONTENTS XI 17.4.3 FLOW RATE 378 17.4.4 COMPRESSION FORCE 378 17.5
POLARIZATION CURVES 378 17.6 FUEL CELL RESISTANCE 380 17.6.1 CURRENT
INTERRUPT 381 17.6.2 THE AC RESISTANCE METHOD 382 17.6.3 THE
HIGH-FREQUENCY RESISTANCE (HFR) METHOD 382 17.6.4 ELECTROCHEMICAL (EIS)
IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY 383 17.6.5 STOICHIOMETRY (UTILIZATION) SWEEPS .
385 17.6.6 LIMITING CURRENT " 386 17.6.7 CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY 387 17.7
CURRENT DENSITY MAPPING 388 17.8 NEUTRON IMAGING 388 17.9
CHARACTERIZATION OF FUEL CELL LAYERS 388 17.9.1 POROSITY DETERMINATION
389 17.9.2 BET SURFACE AREA DETERMINATION 389 17.9.3 TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM) 390 17.9.4 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM)
390 17.9.5 X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD) 390 17.9.6 ENERGY DISPERSIVE
SPECTROSCOPY (EDS) 390 17.9.7 X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (XRF) 391 17.9.8
INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROSCOPY (ICP-MS) 391 CHAPTER
SUMMARY 391 PROBLEMS 392 BIBLIOGRAPHY 392 APPENDIX A. USEFUL CONSTANTS
AND CONVERSIONS 395 APPENDIX B. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED
SUBSTANCES 397 APPENDIX C. MOLECULAR WEIGHT, GAS CONSTANT AND SPECIFIC
HEAT FOR SELECTED SUBSTANCES 399 APPENDIX D. GAS SPECIF IC HEATS AT
VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 401 APPENDIX E. SPECIFIC HEAT FOR SATURATED LIQUID
WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 403 APPENDIX F. THERMODYNAMIC DATA FOR
SELECTED FUEL CELL REACTANTS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 405 APPENDIX G.
BINARY DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SELECTED FUEJ CELL SUBSTANCES 413
APPENDIX H. PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS 415 APPENDIX I. FUEL CELL
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND PARAMETERS 417 INDEX 423 |
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| dewey-ones | 621 - Applied physics |
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| dewey-search | 621.31/2429 |
| dewey-sort | 3621.31 42429 |
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| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Elektrotechnik Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Elektrotechnik Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
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| id | DE-604.BV023051180 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:24:42Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:09:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0071489770 9780071489775 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Spiegel, Colleen Verfasser aut Designing and building fuel cells Colleen Spiegel [1. ed.] New York McGraw-Hill 2007 XIV, 434 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Piles à combustible Piles à combustible - Conception et construction Piles à hydrogène Fuel cells Design and construction Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 gnd rswk-swf Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 s DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0711/2007007508.html Table of contents only http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0712/2007007508-d.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0712/2007007508-b.html Contributor biographical information HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016254557&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Spiegel, Colleen Designing and building fuel cells Piles à combustible Piles à combustible - Conception et construction Piles à hydrogène Fuel cells Design and construction Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4008195-3 |
| title | Designing and building fuel cells |
| title_auth | Designing and building fuel cells |
| title_exact_search | Designing and building fuel cells |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Designing and building fuel cells |
| title_full | Designing and building fuel cells Colleen Spiegel |
| title_fullStr | Designing and building fuel cells Colleen Spiegel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Designing and building fuel cells Colleen Spiegel |
| title_short | Designing and building fuel cells |
| title_sort | designing and building fuel cells |
| topic | Piles à combustible Piles à combustible - Conception et construction Piles à hydrogène Fuel cells Design and construction Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Piles à combustible Piles à combustible - Conception et construction Piles à hydrogène Fuel cells Design and construction Brennstoffzelle |
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