Ariergarda realnego socjalizmu: społeczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Zielona Góra
Oficyna Wydawn. Uniw. Zielonogórskiego
2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: A rearguard of the real socialism |
| Beschreibung: | 299, [1] s; il. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 8374810513 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Zielińska, Maria |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1237704707 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Ariergarda realnego socjalizmu |b społeczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego |c Maria Zielińska |
| 264 | 1 | |a Zielona Góra |b Oficyna Wydawn. Uniw. Zielonogórskiego |c 2006 | |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: A rearguard of the real socialism | ||
| 505 | 0 | |a Bibliogr. s. 236-246 | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1980-1989 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Metoda biograficzna (socjologia) / 1970-2000 |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Pokolenia / Polska / 1945-1990 |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Zmiana społeczna / Polska / 1970-2000 |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Metoda biograficzna (socjologia) - 1970-2000 |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Pokolenia - Polska - 1945-1990 |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Zmiana społeczna - Polska - 1970-2000 |2 jhpk | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137269993406464 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis treści
Wprowadzenie
Zarys problematyki, cel i struktura pracy
......................................................................................11
Rozdział I
Pokolenie a biografia społeczna: pojęcia podstawowe
................................................................19
1.
Pokolenie stanu wojennego czy pokolenie rewolucji sierpniowej
80?....................................19
1.1.
Pokolenie stanu wojennego a inne pokolenia w Polsce
.....................................................25
1.2.
Wydarzenia lat
1980-1981
i
1989
a młodość
i wczesna dorosłość pokolenia stanu wojennego
...............................................................27
1.3.
Biogram pokolenia stanu wojennego
...................................................................................35
2.
Różnorodność ujęć i definicji pokolenia
......................................................................................40
3.
Biograficzno-pokoleniowy wymiar struktury społecznej
jako perspektywa badawcza
...........................................................................................................48
3.1.
Przebieg życia a biografia społeczna
-
zbieżności i różnice
stanowisk teoretycznych
........................................................................................................50
3.2.
Otoczenie społeczno-kulturowe, struktura społeczna
a położenie społeczne jednostki
-
propozycja modelu analizy
........................................54
Rozdział
II
Koncepcja teoretyczna i metodologia badań
.................................................................................59
1.
Założenia i hipotezy badawcze
......................................................................................................59
2.
Stosowane metody i techniki badawcze
.......................................................................................65
3.
Dobór próby badawczej. Przebieg badań
.....................................................................................68
3.1.
Populacja ogólnopolska a próba badawcza
.........................................................................69
3.2.
Charakterystyka badanych
....................................................................................................70
3.3.
Przebieg badań
........................................................................................................................71
3.4.
Charakterystyka materiału empirycznego
..........................................................................71
4.
Jak badano biografie społeczne pokolenia stanu wojennego?
...................................................72
Rozdział III
Szansę życiowe w wymiarze społecznym, osobowościowym i pokoleniowym
.......................76
1.
Społeczne uwarunkowania szans życiowych
...............................................................................76
1.1.
Rodzinno-środowiskowe czynniki jako „przypisane szansę życiowe
............................78
1.2.
Kręgi wpływów i obszary aktywności społecznej
jako „nabywane szansę życiowe
..........................................................................................85
2.
Cechy osobowościowe i kondycja psychiczna jako determinanty szans życiowych
..............91
2.1
Podmiotowość
.........................................................................................................................91
2.2.
Neurotyczność
.........................................................................................................................94
2.3.
Kondycja psychiczna
..............................................................................................................95
2.4.
Postawa wobec przyszłości
....................................................................................................96
3.
Cechy pokoleniowe
-
aktywa czy pasywa szans życiowych?
....................................................99
3.1.
Opinie o roli polityki w codziennym życiu jednostek
.....................................................100
3.2.
Opinie o roli państwa
...........................................................................................................101
3.3.
Orientacje społeczne
............................................................................................................102
4.
Podsumowanie
..............................................................................................................................107
Rozdział
IV
Ciągłość biografii społecznych a przebieg biografii zawodowych
.....................................108
1.
Położenie klasowo-rynkowe jako sekwencja pozycji klasowych
i rynkowych w latach
1980-2000/2001.......................................................................................109
2.
Osiągnięty status społeczno-ekonomiczny w
2000/2001
roku
...............................................122
3.
Położenie społeczne jako nośnik informacji o przebiegu biografii zawodowych
................126
Rozdział
V
Szansę życiowe i położenie społeczne jako podstawowe wyznaczniki
biografii społecznych
........................................................................................................................130
1.
Znaczenie środowiska pochodzenia w procesie osiągania pozycji społecznej
.....................130
2.
Cechy rodziny własnej i zawodowe kręgi społeczne a położenie społeczne
.........................136
3.
Wymiary osobowości i cechy pokoleniowe jako korekty położenia społecznego
...............138
4.
Biografie „ciągłe i „przerwane jako konsekwencja cech indywidualnych,
uwarunkowań społecznych i zmian położenia społecznego
...................................................145
Rozdział
VI
Sukcesy i niepowodzenia życiowe w sytuacji przejścia systemowego
.....................................153
1.
Plany życiowe u progu dorosłości
..............................................................................................155
1.1.
Plany edukacyjne
..................................................................................................................155
1.2.
Plany zawodowe
....................................................................................................................157
1.3.
Rodzina
..................................................................................................................................161
1.4.
Własne zainteresowania
.......................................................................................................162
2.
Percepcja uwarunkowań realizacji planów życiowych a położenie społeczne
.....................165
3.
Sukces życiowy i jego wyznaczniki
.............................................................................................170
3.1.
Cele życiowe: dawniej i dziś
................................................................................................171
3.2.
Osiągnięcia i porażki
............................................................................................................174
4.
Osiągnięcia i porażki życiowe w perspektywie położenia społecznego
.................................176
5.
Sukcesy i niepowodzenia życiowe jako istotne cechy biografii
„ciągiych i „przerwanych
..........................................................................................................
183
6.
Projekty życia formułowane na nowo, czyli rzeczywistość III RP
..........................................
I86
Rozdział
VII
Pamięć historyczna pokolenia stanu wojennego
........................................................................
i94
1.
Postawy wobec wydarzeń historycznych
...................................................................................
i94
1.1.
Opinie o wydarzeniach lat
1980-1981 -
dawniej i dziś
...................................................
I96
1.2.
PRL w opiniach pokolenia stanu wojennego
....................................................................201
1.3.
Postawy wobec porządku społecznego po
1989
roku
......................................................
205
2.
Uwarunkowania postaw wobec wydarzeń historycznych i zmian społecznych
...................212
3.
Lokalizacja jednostki w strukturze społecznej a opinie o życiu w PRL-u i III RP
...............214
4.
Pamięć historyczna a biografie społeczne
..................................................................................
219
Zakończenie
............................................................................................................................................
227
Literatura
...............................................................................................................................................
236
Aneks
.........................................................................................................................................................247
Spis tabel
.................................................................................................................................................
269
Spis schematów i wykresów
................................................................................................................^72
Kwestionariusz wywiadu
.....................................................................................·..............................273
Summary
..............................................................................................................................................298
Table of
Contents
Introduction
Outline
of the problem, aim and structure of the work
........................................................................11
Chapter I
Generation versus social biography: basic terms
...................................................................................19
1.
The martial law generation or the August
1980
generation?
..............................................................19
1.1.
The martial law generation as opposed to other generations in Poland
..................................25
1.2.
Events of
1980-1981
and
1989
as opposed to the youth and early adulthood
of the martial law generation
.........................................................................................................27
1.3.
Biogram
of the martial law generation
.........................................................................................35
2.
Diversity of conceptions and definitions of the term generation
....................................................40
3.
Biographically-generational dimension of the social structure
as a research perspective
.........................................................................................................................48
3.1.
Course of life versus social biography
-
convergences and discrepancies
of theoretical stances
.......................................................................................................................50
3.2.
Socio-cultural
environment, social structure versus social position
of an individual
-
proposal of the analysis model
.......................................................................54
Chapter II
Theoretical conception and methodology of research
..........................................................................59
1.
Assumptions and research hypotheses
..........................................,.......................................................59
2.
Methods used and research techniques
.................................................................................................65
3.
Selection of the research sample. Course of the research
...................................................................68
3.1.
All-Polish population as opposed to the research sample
.........................................................69
3.2.
Characterisation of the researched
................................................................................................70
3.3.
Course of the research
....................................................................................................................71
3.4.
Characterisation of the empirical material
..................................................................................71
4.
How were the social biographies of the martial law generation researched?
...................................72
Chapter III
Life opportunities in the social, individualistic and generational dimension
.................................76
1.
Social conditionings of life opportunities
.............................................................................................76
1.1.
Family-environmental factors as the ascribed life opportunities
..........................................78
1.2.
Spheres of influence and areas of social activity as the acquired life opportunities
............85
2.
Personality features and mental condition as determinants of life opportunities
...........................91
2.1.
Subjectivity
.......................................................................................................................................91
2.2.
Neuroticism
......................................................................................................................................94
2.3.
Mental condition
.............................................................................................................................95
2.4.
Attitude towards the future
............................................................................................................96
3.
Generational features
-
assets or liabilities of life opportunities?
..................................................99
3.1.
Opinionson
the role of politics in the everyday life of individuals
........................................100
3.2.
Opinions on the role of the state
.................................................................................................101
3.3.
Social orientations
.........................................................................................................................102
4.
Summary
.................................................................................................................................................107
Chapter IV
Continuity of social biographies as opposed to the course
of occupational biographies
.....................................................................................................................108
1.
Market-class position as a sequence of class and market positions in
1980-2000/2001...............109
2.
Achieved socio-economic status in the year
2000/2001...................................................................122
3.
Social position as a carrier
ofinformation
about
the course of occupational biographies
...............................................................................................126
Chapter V
Life opportunities and social position as the basic determinants of social biographies
..............130
1.
Significance of environment of origin in attaining social position
..................................................130
2.
Features of own family and occupational social circles as opposed to social position
.................136
3.
Dimensions of personality and generational features as correlates of social position
..................138
4.
Constant and punctuated biographies as a consequence of individual features,
changes of social position and social conditionings
..........................................................................145
Chapter VI
Life successes and failures in the perspective of system transformation
.........................................153
1.
Life plans on the brink of adulthood
...................................................................................................
155
1.1.
Educational plans
..........................................................................................................................155
1.2.
Professional plans
..........................................................................................................................157
1.3.
Family
..............................................................................................................................................161
1.4.
Own interests
.................................................................................................................................162
2.
Perception of conditionings of the life plans realization as opposed to social position
...............165
3.
Life success and its determinants
.........................................................................................................
I 7
3.1.
Life goals
.........................................................................................................................................171
3.2.
Life achievements and failures
.....................................................................................................
174
4.
Life achievements and failures in the perspective of social position
...............................................
I?6
5.
Successes and failures in life as significant features of constant
and punctuated biographies
.........................................................................·....................................
^
6.
Life projects conceived anew, that is the reality of the
3rd
Republic of Poland
.............................186
Chapter
VII
Historical memory of the martial law generation
................................................................................
194
1.
Attitudes towards historical events
......................................................................................................
194
1.1.
Opinions about the events of
1980-1981 -
past and present
...................................................
I96
1.2.
Peoples Republic of Poland in the opinions of the martial law generation
...........................201
1.3.
Attitudes towards social order after
1989...................................................................................
205
2.
Conditionings of attitudes towards historical events and of social changes
..................................212
3.
Location of individuals in the social structure as opposed to opinions about life
in Peoples Republic of Poland and the
3rd
Republic of Poland
.......................................................
214
4.
Historical memory as opposed to constant and punctuated biographies
................................219
Afterword
.........................................................................................................................................................227
References
....................................................................................,....................................................................236
Appendix
..........................................................................................................................................................247
Index of Tables
.................................................................................................................................................269
Index of Diagrams and Figures
..................................................................................................................
272
Annex: Interview Questionnaire
...............................................................................................................
273
Summary
............................ ...................................................298
10
Summary
A REARGUARD
OF THE REAL SOCIALISM
Social biographies of the martial law generation
The book presents a generation, which I will refer to as a rearguard of the real
socialism. The research group included inhabitants of eastern voyvodships of Poland, born
between
1950
and
I960,
who spent their childhood years in the spirit of the post-Stalin detente
in Poland. It is the very generation that in its youth witnessed historically significant events of
August
1980
on the coast of
Gdańsk,
went through the process of forming the
Solidarność
movement and experienced the martial law of
1981.
Having reached its adulthood, it witnessed
the Round Table negotiations and the system transformation of
1989
to finally reach the peak
of its occupational and intellectual capabilities today.
The book is an empirical study that illustrates the process of postponed consequences
making it possible to spot the aftermath of the system transformation in the historical perspec¬
tive. Empirical studies have provided an answer to the question about the range in which the
events of
1980-1981
and the consequent, radical system change of
1989
in Poland influenced
the social biographies of the martial law generation representatives, for whom some significant
events in the history of their country overlapped with personal life events.
Basic conclusions resulting from the conducted analyses are as follows:
1)
In the conditions of radical social changes, the rule of ascribed life opportunities becomes
adjourned. A social change and consequent economic, cultural and moral transformations
result in emerging of new patterns of social biographies and dystrophy of the existing ones.
They also imply changes and differentiation of elements in both the existing and new types of
biographies.
Having high cultural and economical capital and coming from a big city boost chances
of achieving an individual success no matter the external conditions or political and social
changes. Low cultural and economic capital along with rural origin is a severe restriction as far
as achieving life success is concerned.
In an untidy reality, with a newly-forming structure and in the period of system transition,
those with particular personality features i.e. high level of human subjectivity, optimism and
moderate level of neuroticism, stand higher chances of achieving occupational and economic
success. Out of those with potentially little career opportunities, the ones characterized by greater
social liberalism and the conviction that politics has no importance in the life of an individual
are more prone to reach a significantly high position on the scale of a class-market and socio-
economic status. Among those with potentially good life opportunities, individuals who bound
298
their professional careers with socialist institutions during the times of People s Republic of
Poland stand a higher chance of lowering their class-market status. The research indicates that
they are the ones who more than others internalized beliefs and opinions concerning the role
of the state, its functioning and social issues characteristic of socialist socialization.
2)
Position of individuals in socio-professional structure constitutes the peculiar „filter
through which one looks at the past. Higher social position and life success favours more positive
judgment concerning past events, even if these judgments had been negative before, whereas
lower social position and perceiving one s life as a run of bad luck triggers the employment of
defense mechanisms, thanks to which the individuals reduce the sense of own guilt, more often
ascribing it to some external conditions. Very often such individuals judge historical events
negatively, while earlier the same judgments were rather positive (in the research it referred
to the events of
1980-1981:
forming of the
Solidarność
movement, nationwide strikes and
introduction of the martial law.)
Radical changes of rules during the process of system transformation (or a lack of them
in the initial phase) trigger mechanisms which make it easier to move from one social category
to another as opposed to the times of an established order. This situation mainly concerns indi¬
viduals with potentially little life opportunities. Researches confirmed this thesis and it turned
out that in this peculiar, experimental situation created by the events of
1980-1981
and later by
the
1989
upheaval, representatives of the generation in question changed their life biographies
through more or less radical transformations of their life projects.
On the basis of the collected empirical material, four basic kinds of social biographies
specific to social transformation have been singled out. They are the reflection of one s family
resources, cultural and economic capital, features of personality and features of one s genera¬
tion. The obtained results, generally speaking, suggest that the representatives of the martial law
generation had their life plans scrapped by the system transformation; some of them had no
choice but to change the projects of their lives, others had to undergo some necessary changes,
especially when it came to their professional careers, whereas for some life did not change sig¬
nificantly after the transformation.
Most of all, launching free market mechanisms made individuals take care of their own
business and matters, which in effect made the frequency of appearing individualistic attitudes
greater than in the times of the Peoples Republic of Poland. Adaptive strategies and norms of
behaviour adopted in the previous system appeared dysfunctional in the initial phase only to
become quite effective at a later stage. Politically disinterested individuals that tend to take
matters in their own hands profited most from the system change. It turned out that depending
on the ownership of biographical resources (as well as the family ones), there appeared different
variants concerning more or less significant changes of the course of life and revision of social
biographies. For a part of the generation in question, social biographies were of a constant
character, being a prolongation of the biographies initiated during the years of Peoples Republic
of Poland
-
ifit
had not been for the system change, their life would not have changed much.
For the others, the biographies were of a punctuated character. If it had not been for the
socio-political system transformation, their lives would have looked completely different. The
researches have revealed that the majority of the researched representatives of the martial law
generation were successful in coming to terms with the new, post-1989 reality.
The generation of those born between
1950
and
1960
is characterized by social dimorphism.
It shows in ambivalent attitudes towards the role of the state and politics in the life of individuals.
Most often it refers to the acceptance of complete economic liberalism and, at the same time, to
299
the conviction that it is necessary for the state to take care of its citizens. For those who suffered
a loss as a result of the transformation social justice means granting everybody equal social
benefits (according to the take from the rich and give to the poor principle.)
The monography presented to the reader is in fact a social portrait of the generation meta¬
phorically referred to as a rearguard of the real socialism. Most of its representatives adopted
and internalized values and attitudes towards the state, politics and economy characteristic of a
socialist system and used them until the system collapsed and representatives of all generations
living in Poland followed the rules of the
3rd
Republic of Poland.
|
| adam_txt |
Spis treści
Wprowadzenie
Zarys problematyki, cel i struktura pracy
.11
Rozdział I
Pokolenie a biografia społeczna: pojęcia podstawowe
.19
1.
Pokolenie stanu wojennego czy pokolenie rewolucji sierpniowej
'80?.19
1.1.
Pokolenie stanu wojennego a inne pokolenia w Polsce
.25
1.2.
Wydarzenia lat
1980-1981
i
1989
a młodość
i wczesna dorosłość pokolenia stanu wojennego
.27
1.3.
Biogram pokolenia stanu wojennego
.35
2.
Różnorodność ujęć i definicji pokolenia
.40
3.
Biograficzno-pokoleniowy wymiar struktury społecznej
jako perspektywa badawcza
.48
3.1.
Przebieg życia a biografia społeczna
-
zbieżności i różnice
stanowisk teoretycznych
.50
3.2.
Otoczenie społeczno-kulturowe, struktura społeczna
a położenie społeczne jednostki
-
propozycja modelu analizy
.54
Rozdział
II
Koncepcja teoretyczna i metodologia badań
.59
1.
Założenia i hipotezy badawcze
.59
2.
Stosowane metody i techniki badawcze
.65
3.
Dobór próby badawczej. Przebieg badań
.68
3.1.
Populacja ogólnopolska a próba badawcza
.69
3.2.
Charakterystyka badanych
.70
3.3.
Przebieg badań
.71
3.4.
Charakterystyka materiału empirycznego
.71
4.
Jak badano biografie społeczne pokolenia stanu wojennego?
.72
Rozdział III
Szansę życiowe w wymiarze społecznym, osobowościowym i pokoleniowym
.76
1.
Społeczne uwarunkowania szans życiowych
.76
1.1.
Rodzinno-środowiskowe czynniki jako „przypisane" szansę życiowe
.78
1.2.
Kręgi wpływów i obszary aktywności społecznej
jako „nabywane" szansę życiowe
.85
2.
Cechy osobowościowe i kondycja psychiczna jako determinanty szans życiowych
.91
2.1
Podmiotowość
.91
2.2.
Neurotyczność
.94
2.3.
Kondycja psychiczna
.95
2.4.
Postawa wobec przyszłości
.96
3.
Cechy pokoleniowe
-
aktywa czy pasywa szans życiowych?
.99
3.1.
Opinie o roli polityki w codziennym życiu jednostek
.100
3.2.
Opinie o roli państwa
.101
3.3.
Orientacje społeczne
.102
4.
Podsumowanie
.107
Rozdział
IV
Ciągłość biografii społecznych a przebieg biografii zawodowych
.108
1.
Położenie klasowo-rynkowe jako sekwencja pozycji klasowych
i rynkowych w latach
1980-2000/2001.109
2.
Osiągnięty status społeczno-ekonomiczny w
2000/2001
roku
.122
3.
Położenie społeczne jako nośnik informacji o przebiegu biografii zawodowych
.126
Rozdział
V
Szansę życiowe i położenie społeczne jako podstawowe wyznaczniki
biografii społecznych
.130
1.
Znaczenie środowiska pochodzenia w procesie osiągania pozycji społecznej
.130
2.
Cechy rodziny własnej i zawodowe kręgi społeczne a położenie społeczne
.136
3.
Wymiary osobowości i cechy pokoleniowe jako korekty położenia społecznego
.138
4.
Biografie „ciągłe" i „przerwane" jako konsekwencja cech indywidualnych,
uwarunkowań społecznych i zmian położenia społecznego
.145
Rozdział
VI
Sukcesy i niepowodzenia życiowe w sytuacji przejścia systemowego
.153
1.
Plany życiowe u progu dorosłości
.155
1.1.
Plany edukacyjne
.155
1.2.
Plany zawodowe
.157
1.3.
Rodzina
.161
1.4.
Własne zainteresowania
.162
2.
Percepcja uwarunkowań realizacji planów życiowych a położenie społeczne
.165
3.
Sukces życiowy i jego wyznaczniki
.170
3.1.
Cele życiowe: dawniej i dziś
.171
3.2.
Osiągnięcia i porażki
.174
4.
Osiągnięcia i porażki życiowe w perspektywie położenia społecznego
.176
5.
Sukcesy i niepowodzenia życiowe jako istotne cechy biografii
„ciągiych" i „przerwanych"
.
183
6.
Projekty życia formułowane na nowo, czyli rzeczywistość III RP
.
I86
Rozdział
VII
Pamięć historyczna pokolenia stanu wojennego
.
i94
1.
Postawy wobec wydarzeń historycznych
.
i94
1.1.
Opinie o wydarzeniach lat
1980-1981 -
dawniej i dziś
.
I96
1.2.
PRL w opiniach pokolenia stanu wojennego
.201
1.3.
Postawy wobec porządku społecznego po
1989
roku
.
205
2.
Uwarunkowania postaw wobec wydarzeń historycznych i zmian społecznych
.212
3.
Lokalizacja jednostki w strukturze społecznej a opinie o życiu w PRL-u i III RP
.214
4.
Pamięć historyczna a biografie społeczne
.
219
Zakończenie
.
227
Literatura
.
236
Aneks
.247
Spis tabel
.
269
Spis schematów i wykresów
.^72
Kwestionariusz wywiadu
.·.273
Summary
.298
Table of
Contents
Introduction
Outline
of the problem, aim and structure of the work
.11
Chapter I
Generation versus social biography: basic terms
.19
1.
The martial law generation or the August
1980
generation?
.19
1.1.
The martial law generation as opposed to other generations in Poland
.25
1.2.
Events of
1980-1981
and
1989
as opposed to the youth and early adulthood
of the martial law generation
.27
1.3.
Biogram
of the martial law generation
.35
2.
Diversity of conceptions and definitions of the term "generation"
.40
3.
Biographically-generational dimension of the social structure
as a research perspective
.48
3.1.
Course of life versus social biography
-
convergences and discrepancies
of theoretical stances
.50
3.2.
Socio-cultural
environment, social structure versus social position
of an individual
-
proposal of the analysis model
.54
Chapter II
Theoretical conception and methodology of research
.59
1.
Assumptions and research hypotheses
.,.59
2.
Methods used and research techniques
.65
3.
Selection of the research sample. Course of the research
.68
3.1.
All-Polish population as opposed to the research sample
.69
3.2.
Characterisation of the researched
.70
3.3.
Course of the research
.71
3.4.
Characterisation of the empirical material
.71
4.
How were the social biographies of the martial law generation researched?
.72
Chapter III
Life opportunities in the social, individualistic and generational dimension
.76
1.
Social conditionings of life opportunities
.76
1.1.
Family-environmental factors as the "ascribed" life opportunities
.78
1.2.
Spheres of influence and areas of social activity as the "acquired" life opportunities
.85
2.
Personality features and mental condition as determinants of life opportunities
.91
2.1.
Subjectivity
.91
2.2.
Neuroticism
.94
2.3.
Mental condition
.95
2.4.
Attitude towards the future
.96
3.
"Generational" features
-
assets or liabilities of life opportunities?
.99
3.1.
Opinionson
the role of politics in the everyday life of individuals
.100
3.2.
Opinions on the role of the state
.101
3.3.
Social orientations
.102
4.
Summary
.107
Chapter IV
Continuity of social biographies as opposed to the course
of occupational biographies
.108
1.
Market-class position as a sequence of class and market positions in
1980-2000/2001.109
2.
Achieved socio-economic status in the year
2000/2001.122
3.
Social position as a carrier
ofinformation
about
the course of occupational biographies
.126
Chapter V
Life opportunities and social position as the basic determinants of social biographies
.130
1.
Significance of environment of origin in attaining social position
.130
2.
Features of own family and occupational social circles as opposed to social position
.136
3.
Dimensions of personality and generational features as correlates of social position
.138
4.
"Constant" and "punctuated" biographies as a consequence of individual features,
changes of social position and social conditionings
.145
Chapter VI
Life successes and failures in the perspective of system transformation
.153
1.
Life plans on the brink of adulthood
.
155
1.1.
Educational plans
.155
1.2.
Professional plans
.157
1.3.
Family
.161
1.4.
Own interests
.162
2.
Perception of conditionings of the life plans realization as opposed to social position
.165
3.
Life success and its determinants
.
I'7"
3.1.
Life goals
.171
3.2.
Life achievements and failures
.
174
4.
Life achievements and failures in the perspective of social position
.
I?6
5.
Successes and failures in life as significant features of "constant"
and "punctuated" biographies
.·.
^
6.
Life projects conceived anew, that is the reality of the
3rd
Republic of Poland
.186
Chapter
VII
Historical memory of the martial law generation
.
194
1.
Attitudes towards historical events
.
194
1.1.
Opinions about the events of
1980-1981 -
past and present
.
I96
1.2.
Peoples Republic of Poland in the opinions of the martial law generation
.201
1.3.
Attitudes towards social order after
1989.
205
2.
Conditionings of attitudes towards historical events and of social changes
.212
3.
Location of individuals in the social structure as opposed to opinions about life
in Peoples Republic of Poland and the
3rd
Republic of Poland
.
214
4.
Historical memory as opposed to "constant" and "punctuated" biographies
.219
Afterword
.227
References
.,.236
Appendix
.247
Index of Tables
.269
Index of Diagrams and Figures
.
272
Annex: Interview Questionnaire
.
273
Summary
. .298
10
Summary
A REARGUARD
OF THE REAL SOCIALISM
Social biographies of the "martial law" generation
The book presents a generation, which I will refer to as a rearguard of the real
socialism. The research group included inhabitants of eastern voyvodships of Poland, born
between
1950
and
I960,
who spent their childhood years in the spirit of the post-Stalin detente
in Poland. It is the very generation that in its youth witnessed historically significant events of
August
1980
on the coast of
Gdańsk,
went through the process of forming the
"Solidarność"
movement and experienced the martial law of
1981.
Having reached its adulthood, it witnessed
the Round Table negotiations and the system transformation of
1989
to finally reach the peak
of its occupational and intellectual capabilities today.
The book is an empirical study that illustrates the process of "postponed consequences"
making it possible to spot the aftermath of the system transformation in the historical perspec¬
tive. Empirical studies have provided an answer to the question about the range in which the
events of
1980-1981
and the consequent, radical system change of
1989
in Poland influenced
the social biographies of the martial law generation representatives, for whom some significant
events in the history of their country "overlapped" with personal life events.
Basic conclusions resulting from the conducted analyses are as follows:
1)
In the conditions of radical social changes, the rule of ascribed life opportunities becomes
adjourned. A social change and consequent economic, cultural and moral transformations
result in emerging of new patterns of social biographies and dystrophy of the existing ones.
They also imply changes and differentiation of elements in both the existing and new types of
biographies.
Having high cultural and economical capital and coming from a big city boost chances
of achieving an individual success no matter the external conditions or political and social
changes. Low cultural and economic capital along with rural origin is a severe restriction as far
as achieving life success is concerned.
In an untidy reality, with a newly-forming structure and in the period of system transition,
those with particular personality features i.e. high level of human subjectivity, optimism and
moderate level of neuroticism, stand higher chances of achieving occupational and economic
success. Out of those with potentially little career opportunities, the ones characterized by greater
social liberalism and the conviction that politics has no importance in the life of an individual
are more prone to reach a significantly high position on the scale of a class-market and socio-
economic status. Among those with potentially good life opportunities, individuals who bound
298
their professional careers with socialist institutions during the times of People's Republic of
Poland stand a higher chance of lowering their class-market status. The research indicates that
they are the ones who more than others internalized beliefs and opinions concerning the role
of the state, its functioning and social issues characteristic of socialist socialization.
2)
Position of individuals in socio-professional structure constitutes the peculiar „filter"
through which one looks at the past. Higher social position and life success favours more positive
judgment concerning past events, even if these judgments had been negative before, whereas
lower social position and perceiving one's life as a run of bad luck triggers the employment of
defense mechanisms, thanks to which the individuals reduce the sense of own guilt, more often
ascribing it to some external conditions. Very often such individuals judge historical events
negatively, while earlier the same judgments were rather positive (in the research it referred
to the events of
1980-1981:
forming of the
"Solidarność"
movement, nationwide strikes and
introduction of the martial law.)
Radical changes of rules during the process of system transformation (or a lack of them
in the initial phase) trigger mechanisms which make it easier to move from one social category
to another as opposed to the times of an established order. This situation mainly concerns indi¬
viduals with potentially little life opportunities. Researches confirmed this thesis and it turned
out that in this peculiar, experimental situation created by the events of
1980-1981
and later by
the
1989
upheaval, representatives of the generation in question changed their life biographies
through more or less radical transformations of their life projects.
On the basis of the collected empirical material, four basic kinds of social biographies
specific to social transformation have been singled out. They are the reflection of one's family
resources, cultural and economic capital, features of personality and features of one's genera¬
tion. The obtained results, generally speaking, suggest that the representatives of the martial law
generation had their life plans scrapped by the system transformation; some of them had no
choice but to change the projects of their lives, others had to undergo some necessary changes,
especially when it came to their professional careers, whereas for some life did not change sig¬
nificantly after the transformation.
Most of all, launching free market mechanisms made individuals take care of their own
business and matters, which in effect made the frequency of appearing individualistic attitudes
greater than in the times of the Peoples Republic of Poland. Adaptive strategies and norms of
behaviour adopted in the previous system appeared dysfunctional in the initial phase only to
become quite effective at a later stage. Politically disinterested individuals that tend to "take
matters in their own hands" profited most from the system change. It turned out that depending
on the ownership of biographical resources (as well as the family ones), there appeared different
variants concerning more or less significant changes of the course of life and revision of social
biographies. For a part of the generation in question, social biographies were of a "constant"
character, being a prolongation of the biographies initiated during the years of Peoples Republic
of Poland
-
ifit
had not been for the system change, their life would not have changed much.
For the others, the biographies were of a "punctuated" character. If it had not been for the
socio-political system transformation, their lives would have looked completely different. The
researches have revealed that the majority of the researched representatives of the martial law
generation were successful in coming to terms with the new, post-1989 reality.
The generation of those born between
1950
and
1960
is characterized by social dimorphism.
It shows in ambivalent attitudes towards the role of the state and politics in the life of individuals.
Most often it refers to the acceptance of complete economic liberalism and, at the same time, to
299
the conviction that it is necessary for the state to take care of its citizens. For those who suffered
a loss as a result of the transformation social justice means granting everybody equal social
benefits (according to the "take from the rich and give to the poor" principle.)
The monography presented to the reader is in fact a social portrait of the generation meta¬
phorically referred to as a rearguard of the real socialism. Most of its representatives adopted
and internalized values and attitudes towards the state, politics and economy characteristic of a
socialist system and used them until the system collapsed and representatives of all generations
living in Poland followed the rules of the
3rd
Republic of Poland. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Zielińska, Maria |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1237704707 |
| author_facet | Zielińska, Maria |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Zielińska, Maria |
| author_variant | m z mz |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023041317 |
| contents | Bibliogr. s. 236-246 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)169846927 (DE-599)BVBBV023041317 |
| era | Geschichte 1980-1989 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1980-1989 |
| format | Book |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:20:44Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:09:37Z |
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| isbn | 8374810513 |
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| publisher | Oficyna Wydawn. Uniw. Zielonogórskiego |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Zielińska, Maria Verfasser (DE-588)1237704707 aut Ariergarda realnego socjalizmu społeczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego Maria Zielińska Zielona Góra Oficyna Wydawn. Uniw. Zielonogórskiego 2006 299, [1] s; il. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: A rearguard of the real socialism Bibliogr. s. 236-246 Geschichte 1980-1989 gnd rswk-swf Metoda biograficzna (socjologia) / 1970-2000 jhpk Pokolenia / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Zmiana społeczna / Polska / 1970-2000 jhpk Metoda biograficzna (socjologia) - 1970-2000 jhpk Pokolenia - Polska - 1945-1990 jhpk Zmiana społeczna - Polska - 1970-2000 jhpk Erwachsener 20-40 Jahre (DE-588)7515060-8 gnd rswk-swf Lebensplan (DE-588)4167050-4 gnd rswk-swf Politischer Wandel (DE-588)4175047-0 gnd rswk-swf Polska / 1981-1983 (Stan wojenny) / wpływ jhpk Polska - 1981-1983 (Stan wojenny) - wpływ jhpk Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Politischer Wandel (DE-588)4175047-0 s Erwachsener 20-40 Jahre (DE-588)7515060-8 s Lebensplan (DE-588)4167050-4 s Geschichte 1980-1989 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016244848&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016244848&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Zielińska, Maria Ariergarda realnego socjalizmu społeczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego Bibliogr. s. 236-246 Metoda biograficzna (socjologia) / 1970-2000 jhpk Pokolenia / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Zmiana społeczna / Polska / 1970-2000 jhpk Metoda biograficzna (socjologia) - 1970-2000 jhpk Pokolenia - Polska - 1945-1990 jhpk Zmiana społeczna - Polska - 1970-2000 jhpk Erwachsener 20-40 Jahre (DE-588)7515060-8 gnd Lebensplan (DE-588)4167050-4 gnd Politischer Wandel (DE-588)4175047-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7515060-8 (DE-588)4167050-4 (DE-588)4175047-0 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Ariergarda realnego socjalizmu społeczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego |
| title_auth | Ariergarda realnego socjalizmu społeczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego |
| title_exact_search | Ariergarda realnego socjalizmu społeczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Ariergarda realnego socjalizmu społeczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego |
| title_full | Ariergarda realnego socjalizmu społeczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego Maria Zielińska |
| title_fullStr | Ariergarda realnego socjalizmu społeczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego Maria Zielińska |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ariergarda realnego socjalizmu społeczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego Maria Zielińska |
| title_short | Ariergarda realnego socjalizmu |
| title_sort | ariergarda realnego socjalizmu spoleczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego |
| title_sub | społeczne biografie pokolenia stanu wojennego |
| topic | Metoda biograficzna (socjologia) / 1970-2000 jhpk Pokolenia / Polska / 1945-1990 jhpk Zmiana społeczna / Polska / 1970-2000 jhpk Metoda biograficzna (socjologia) - 1970-2000 jhpk Pokolenia - Polska - 1945-1990 jhpk Zmiana społeczna - Polska - 1970-2000 jhpk Erwachsener 20-40 Jahre (DE-588)7515060-8 gnd Lebensplan (DE-588)4167050-4 gnd Politischer Wandel (DE-588)4175047-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Metoda biograficzna (socjologia) / 1970-2000 Pokolenia / Polska / 1945-1990 Zmiana społeczna / Polska / 1970-2000 Metoda biograficzna (socjologia) - 1970-2000 Pokolenia - Polska - 1945-1990 Zmiana społeczna - Polska - 1970-2000 Erwachsener 20-40 Jahre Lebensplan Politischer Wandel Polska / 1981-1983 (Stan wojenny) / wpływ Polska - 1981-1983 (Stan wojenny) - wpływ Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016244848&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016244848&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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