Assessing climate change: temperatures, solar radiation, and heat balance
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer [u.a.]
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Springer Praxis books in environmental sciences
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIX, 374 S., [8] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9783540765868 3540765867 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Rapp, Donald |d 1934- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)135633494 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Assessing climate change |b temperatures, solar radiation, and heat balance |c Donald Rapp |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer [u.a.] |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XXIX, 374 S., [8] Bl. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| 490 | 0 | |a Springer Praxis books in environmental sciences | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Klimaänderung | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Climatic changes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Earth temperature | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Global temperature changes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Greenhouse gases |x Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Solar radiation | |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Sonnenstrahlung |0 (DE-588)4139254-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137254481821696 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Assessing Climate Change attempts to answer a number of
essential questions in relation to global warming and
climate change, uniquely providing a balanced and
impartial discussion of this controversial subject. It shows
how the Earth s climate has varied in the past, particularly
during the past
1000
years. The book critically assesses the
reliability of proxies for historical temperatures and the
hockey stick version of global temperatures for the past
millennium, and provides a careful analysis of how well
near-surface temperatures of land and ocean have been
monitored over the past
100
years, and the utility and
significance of a single global average temperature.
The author compares the current global warming trend with
past fluctuations in Earth s climate, and discusses whether
the present warming trend is primarily just another in a
series of natural climate fluctuations as opposed to a direct
result of human activities. By examining the credibility of the
global climate models which accuse greenhouse gasses of
causing the temperature rise of the 20th century. Assessing
Climate Change provides a better understanding of what
might lie ahead in the future.
Contents
Preface
............................................. xi
List of figures
........................................ xix
List of tables
......................................... xxv
List of abbreviations and acronyms
........................... xxvii
1
Historical variations in the Earth s climate
.................. 1
1.1
Historical temperatures
............................. 1
1.1.1
Use of proxies to estimate historical temperatures
..... 1
1.1.1.1
Tree rings
......................... 2
1.1.1.2
Ice cores
.......................... 4
1.1.1.3
Ocean and stream sediments
............. 6
1.1.1.4
Pollen
............................ 6
1.1.1.5
Boreholes
.......................... 6
1.1.1.6
Corals
............................ 8
1.1.2
Proxies and climate
......................... 9
1.1.2.1
Processing proxy data
................. 9
1.1.2.2
Challenges in using proxies
.............. 10
1.2
Ice ages and
interglacial
periods
...................... 11
1.2.1
The Pleistocene
............................ 12
1.2.2
The last ice age
............................ 14
1.2.3
Proposed explanations for ice ages
............... 18
1.2.3.1
Variations in the Earth s orbit and ice ages
... 18
1.2.3.2
Cosmos theory
...................... 23
1.2.3.3
Atlantic Ocean circulation variation
........ 24
1.2.4
Sudden climate changes
....................... 25
1.2.4.1
Mechanisms behind sudden climate transitions.
. 27
vi
Contents
1.2.4.2
North Atlantic circulation as a trigger or an
amplifier in rapid climate changes
.......... 27
1.2.4.3
Carbon dioxide as a feedback in sudden changes
31
1.2.4.4
Surface reflectivity (albedo) of ice, snow, and
vegetation
.......................... 31
1.3
Holocene temperature history
......................... 32
1.3.1
Introduction
.............................. 32
1.3.2
Glacial sediments
........................... 33
1.3.3
Plant pollen proxies
.......................... 34
1.3.4
Borehole measurements
....................... 37
1.3.5
Ocean sediment cores
........................ 38
1.3.6
Other Holocene results
....................... 38
Temperatures in the past millennium
....................... 41
2.1
The Little Ice Age and the Medieval Warm Period
.......... 41
2.1.1
Anecdotal inferences on the MWP and the
LIA
....... 44
2.1.2
The Medieval Warm Period
.................... 46
2.1.2.1
Climate models for the MWP: effects of changes
in land use
......................... 46
2.1.2.2
Proxy analysis
....................... 50
2.1.3
The Little Ice Age
.......................... 55
2.1.4
Sea surface temperatures in the Sargasso Sea
......... 60
2.1.5
Other proxy studies
.......................... 60
2.1.5.1
China
............................ 60
2.1.5.2
Borehole measurements
................. 64
2.1.5.3
Arctic environment change of the last four cen¬
turies
............................ 66
2.1.5.4
Iceland perspective
.................... 68
2.2
Average global and hemispheric temperatures in the past millen¬
nium
......................................... 69
2.2.1
The
MBH
model
......................... 69
2.2.2
Other reconstructions of historical temperature
....... 73
2.2.3
Criticisms of the
MBH
model
.................. 76
2.2.3.1
Mclntyre and McKitrick
................ 76
2.2.3.2 Bürger
and Cubasch
.................. 79
2.2.3.3
The
Wegman
Report
.................. 81
2.2.3.4
Esper
et al.........................
83
2.2.3.5
Soon and
Bahúnas
.................... 84
2.2.3.6
Zorita
and
von Storch ................. 85
2.2.3.7
The paleo-climate group
................ 86
2.2.3.8
How reliable are proxy methods?
.......... 88
2.3
The blogs
..................................... 90
2.3.1
Climate audit blog
.......................... 90
2.3.2
Real climate blog
........................... 93
2.4
Conclusions on millennium temperature history
............ 96
Contents
vii
3
Temperatures in the past century
......................... 101
3.1
Near-surface measurements
.......................... 101
3.1.1
Meteorological data sets
...................... 101
3.1.2
Problems with temperature data
................. 104
3.1.3
Deviations from the mean
..................... 107
3.1.4
Utility of a single global temperature
.............. 108
3.2
Measured Earth, regional, and local temperatures
........... 110
3.2.1
U.S. temperature measurements
................. 110
3.2.2
Global and hemispheric temperatures
.............. 110
3.2.3
Antarctic and Arctic temperatures
................ 114
3.2.3.1
Antarctic temperatures
................. 116
3.2.3.2
Arctic temperatures
................... 118
3.2.4
The NH temperature dip,
1940-1978:
effect of aerosols
.. 122
3.2.5
Adequacy of the global temperature network
......... 126
3.2.6
Troposphere temperatures
..................... 134
3.2.7
Diurnal temperature range
..................... 138
3.2.8
Ruminations of Bob Foster
.................... 140
3.2.9
European temperatures:
1751-1995 ............... 141
4
Variability of the Sun
................................. 143
4.1
Solar irradiance
................................. 143
4.1.1
Introduction
.............................. 143
4.1.2
Measurements of TSI in space since
1978........... 145
4.1.3
Short-term TSI models
....................... 146
4.1.4
Long-term TSI models
....................... 147
4.2
Aspects of solar variability
.......................... 147
4.2.1
The solar cycle
............................ 147
4.2.2
Sunspots
................................ 148
4.2.3
Faculae
................................. 148
4.2.4
Sunspot indices
............................ 149
4.2.5
Estimation of sunspot activity from proxies
.......... 151
4.2.6
Diameter of the Sun
......................... 153
4.2.7
Indices of solar activity
....................... 153
4.2.8
Effect of the Sun-Earth distance
................. 154
4.3
The Maunder Minimum; John Eddy s Study
.............. 155
4.3.1
Historical telescope observations of sunspots
......... 155
4.3.2
Historical records of aurorae
................... 155
4.3.3
Historical visual observations of sunspots
........... 156
4.3.4
^Carbon in tree rings
........................ 156
4.3.5
The solar corona
........................... 157
4.3.6
Beckman
and Mahoney on Eddy s work
........... 157
4.3.7
Eddy^ conclusions
.......................... 158
4.4
Reconstructing total solar irradiance (TSI) in the past
........ 159
4.4.1
Reconstructions based on sunspots, solar cycles, and solar
activity
................................. 159
viii Contents
4.4.1.1
Introduction
........................ 159
4.4.1.2 Hoyt and Schatten.................... 160
4.4.2
Constant quiet Sun models
.................... 162
4.4.2.1
CQSM based on sunspot number
.......... 162
4.4.2.2
CQSM based on sunspot area and cycle duration
166
4.4.3
The MM temperature model
................... 168
4.4.4
Stellar Ca HK index models
................... 173
4.4.5
Solar cycle duration model
.................... 183
4.4.5.1
The Sun Melody
................... 183
4.4.5.2
Danish Meteorological Institute studies
...... 184
4.4.5.3
Hoyt and
Schatten
model
............... 188
4.4.6
Coronal source flux model
..................... 190
4.5
TSI reconstructions based on cosmogenic isotope proxies
...... 192
4.5.1
Introduction
.............................. 192
4.5.2
Reconstruction of TSI from cosmo-nuclide production
proxies
.................................. 194
4.5.3
Projections for the Holocene
.................... 195
4.6
Temperature changes driven by the Sun
................. 199
4.6.1
Global climate models
....................... 199
4.6.2
Climate sensitivity parameter
................... 202
4.7
Conclusions on TSI
............................... 206
5
The Earth s heat balance and the greenhouse effect
.............. 211
5.1
The greenhouse effect
............................. 211
5.1.1
Terrestrial examples
......................... 211
5.1.2
Simplistic models of the Earth
.................. 213
5.2
The Earth s heat balance
........................... 215
5.2.1
Major heat flows
........................... 215
5.2.2
Greenhouse gas effects and water vapor
............ 216
5.2.2.1
Absorption by greenhouse gases
........... 216
5.2.2.2
Water vapor as a greenhouse gas
.......... 219
5.2.3
Albedo of the Earth
......................... 223
5.2.4
Ocean emissivity
........................... 225
5.2.5
Heat islands of the Earth
..................... 225
5.2.5.1
Differences between surface temperatures and
tropospheric temperatures
............... 225
5.2.5.2
Correlation of surface temperatures with CO2
sources
........................... 227
5.2.5.3
Urban heat islands
................... 228
5.2.5.4
Heat generation by urbanization
........... 230
5.2.6
Effects of land use/land clearing changes
........... 231
5.2.7
Effect of clouds
............................ 234
5.2.8
Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth s
climate system
............................. 236
5.2.9
Heat content of the oceans
.................... 238
Contents ix
5.2.10
North
Atlantic
climate
variability and ocean
oscillations
. 240
5.2.11
El Niños
and climate
........................ 241
5.3
Volcanic eruptions
............................... 246
5.4
Global climate models
............................. 252
5.4.1
Description of GCMs
........................ 252
5.4.2
The IPCC view of climate models
................ 254
5.4.3
Uncertainties and limitations of GCMs
............ 257
5.5
Instability of the climate
........................... 261
6
CO2 production and climate change
........................ 263
6.1
CO2 concentration: past and present
.................... 263
6.1.1
Measurements and proxies
..................... 263
6.1.2
Carbon cycle: CO2 fluxes
...................... 266
6.1.3
CO2 variations in glacial-interglacial cycles
.......... 271
6.1.4
CO2 and global warming
...................... 276
6.2
Projections of future CO2 concentration by climatologists
...... 277
6.3
Projections of future global temperature rise due to CO2
....... 280
6.4
Energy and climate in the 21st century
.................. 282
6.5
Constraints on CO2 production imposed by the limits of fossil fuels
288
7
Impacts of global warming
.............................. 291
7.1
Global-warming alarmists
........................... 291
7.2
Global-warming naysayers
.......................... 295
7.3
Sea level rise and the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets
..... 298
7.4
Future increases in global temperature
.................. 312
7.5
Changes in precipitation: floods and drought
.............. 314
8
Global climate change and public policy
..................... 317
8.1
The Kyoto Protocol
............................... 317
8.1.1
Description of the Kyoto Protocol
............... 317
8.1.2
Status of the Kyoto Agreement
................. 318
8.1.3
Current positions of governments
................ 320
8.1.4
Commentary on Kyoto Protocol
................. 322
8.2
Economics: Will it cost more to do nothing?
.............. 325
8.2.1
The Stern Report
........................... 325
8.2.2 Nordhaus
Review of Stern Report
............... 328
8.3
U.S. Congress: meeting the climate change challenge
......... 330
9
Final remarks
...................................... 333
9.1
Conclusions
.................................... 333
9.2
The nine questions
............................... 338
Appendix: Review of the film An Inconvenient Truth
................ 341
References
........................................... 351
Index
.............................................. 371
|
| adam_txt |
Assessing Climate Change attempts to answer a number of
essential questions in relation to global warming and
climate change, uniquely providing a balanced and
impartial discussion of this controversial subject. It shows
how the Earth's climate has varied in the past, particularly
during the past
1000
years. The book critically assesses the
reliability of 'proxies' for historical temperatures and the
'hockey stick' version of global temperatures for the past
millennium, and provides a careful analysis of how well
near-surface temperatures of land and ocean have been
monitored over the past
100
years, and the utility and
significance of a single global average temperature.
The author compares the current global warming trend with
past fluctuations in Earth's climate, and discusses whether
the present warming trend is primarily just another in a
series of natural climate fluctuations as opposed to a direct
result of human activities. By examining the credibility of the
global climate models which accuse greenhouse gasses of
causing the temperature rise of the 20th century. Assessing
Climate Change provides a better understanding of what
might lie ahead in the future.
Contents
Preface
. xi
List of figures
. xix
List of tables
. xxv
List of abbreviations and acronyms
. xxvii
1
Historical variations in the Earth's climate
. 1
1.1
Historical temperatures
. 1
1.1.1
Use of proxies to estimate historical temperatures
. 1
1.1.1.1
Tree rings
. 2
1.1.1.2
Ice cores
. 4
1.1.1.3
Ocean and stream sediments
. 6
1.1.1.4
Pollen
. 6
1.1.1.5
Boreholes
. 6
1.1.1.6
Corals
. 8
1.1.2
Proxies and climate
. 9
1.1.2.1
Processing proxy data
. 9
1.1.2.2
Challenges in using proxies
. 10
1.2
Ice ages and
interglacial
periods
. 11
1.2.1
The Pleistocene
. 12
1.2.2
The last ice age
. 14
1.2.3
Proposed explanations for ice ages
. 18
1.2.3.1
Variations in the Earth's orbit and ice ages
. 18
1.2.3.2
Cosmos theory
. 23
1.2.3.3
Atlantic Ocean circulation variation
. 24
1.2.4
Sudden climate changes
. 25
1.2.4.1
Mechanisms behind sudden climate transitions.
. 27
vi
Contents
1.2.4.2
North Atlantic circulation as a trigger or an
amplifier in rapid climate changes
. 27
1.2.4.3
Carbon dioxide as a feedback in sudden changes
31
1.2.4.4
Surface reflectivity (albedo) of ice, snow, and
vegetation
. 31
1.3
Holocene temperature history
. 32
1.3.1
Introduction
. 32
1.3.2
Glacial sediments
. 33
1.3.3
Plant pollen proxies
. 34
1.3.4
Borehole measurements
. 37
1.3.5
Ocean sediment cores
. 38
1.3.6
Other Holocene results
. 38
Temperatures in the past millennium
. 41
2.1
The Little Ice Age and the Medieval Warm Period
. 41
2.1.1
Anecdotal inferences on the MWP and the
LIA
. 44
2.1.2
The Medieval Warm Period
. 46
2.1.2.1
Climate models for the MWP: effects of changes
in land use
. 46
2.1.2.2
Proxy analysis
. 50
2.1.3
The Little Ice Age
. 55
2.1.4
Sea surface temperatures in the Sargasso Sea
. 60
2.1.5
Other proxy studies
. 60
2.1.5.1
China
. 60
2.1.5.2
Borehole measurements
. 64
2.1.5.3
Arctic environment change of the last four cen¬
turies
. 66
2.1.5.4
Iceland perspective
. 68
2.2
Average global and hemispheric temperatures in the past millen¬
nium
. 69
2.2.1
The
"MBH"
model
. 69
2.2.2
Other reconstructions of historical temperature
. 73
2.2.3
Criticisms of the
MBH
model
. 76
2.2.3.1
Mclntyre and McKitrick
. 76
2.2.3.2 Bürger
and Cubasch
. 79
2.2.3.3
The
Wegman
Report
. 81
2.2.3.4
Esper
et al.
83
2.2.3.5
Soon and
Bahúnas
. 84
2.2.3.6
Zorita
and
von Storch . 85
2.2.3.7
The paleo-climate group
. 86
2.2.3.8
How reliable are proxy methods?
. 88
2.3
The blogs
. 90
2.3.1
Climate audit blog
. 90
2.3.2
Real climate blog
. 93
2.4
Conclusions on millennium temperature history
. 96
Contents
vii
3
Temperatures in the past century
. 101
3.1
Near-surface measurements
. 101
3.1.1
Meteorological data sets
. 101
3.1.2
Problems with temperature data
. 104
3.1.3
Deviations from the mean
. 107
3.1.4
Utility of a single global temperature
. 108
3.2
Measured Earth, regional, and local temperatures
. 110
3.2.1
U.S. temperature measurements
. 110
3.2.2
Global and hemispheric temperatures
. 110
3.2.3
Antarctic and Arctic temperatures
. 114
3.2.3.1
Antarctic temperatures
. 116
3.2.3.2
Arctic temperatures
. 118
3.2.4
The NH temperature dip,
1940-1978:
effect of aerosols
. 122
3.2.5
Adequacy of the global temperature network
. 126
3.2.6
Troposphere temperatures
. 134
3.2.7
Diurnal temperature range
. 138
3.2.8
Ruminations of Bob Foster
. 140
3.2.9
European temperatures:
1751-1995 . 141
4
Variability of the Sun
. 143
4.1
Solar irradiance
. 143
4.1.1
Introduction
. 143
4.1.2
Measurements of TSI in space since
1978. 145
4.1.3
Short-term TSI models
. 146
4.1.4
Long-term TSI models
. 147
4.2
Aspects of solar variability
. 147
4.2.1
The solar cycle
. 147
4.2.2
Sunspots
. 148
4.2.3
Faculae
. 148
4.2.4
Sunspot indices
. 149
4.2.5
Estimation of sunspot activity from proxies
. 151
4.2.6
Diameter of the Sun
. 153
4.2.7
Indices of solar activity
. 153
4.2.8
Effect of the Sun-Earth distance
. 154
4.3
The Maunder Minimum; John Eddy's Study
. 155
4.3.1
Historical telescope observations of sunspots
. 155
4.3.2
Historical records of aurorae
. 155
4.3.3
Historical visual observations of sunspots
. 156
4.3.4
^Carbon in tree rings
. 156
4.3.5
The solar corona
. 157
4.3.6
Beckman
and Mahoney on Eddy's work
. 157
4.3.7
Eddy^ conclusions
. 158
4.4
Reconstructing total solar irradiance (TSI) in the past
. 159
4.4.1
Reconstructions based on sunspots, solar cycles, and solar
activity
. 159
viii Contents
4.4.1.1
Introduction
. 159
4.4.1.2 Hoyt and Schatten. 160
4.4.2
Constant quiet Sun models
. 162
4.4.2.1
CQSM based on sunspot number
. 162
4.4.2.2
CQSM based on sunspot area and cycle duration
166
4.4.3
The MM temperature model
. 168
4.4.4
Stellar Ca HK index models
. 173
4.4.5
Solar cycle duration model
. 183
4.4.5.1
The "Sun Melody"
. 183
4.4.5.2
Danish Meteorological Institute studies
. 184
4.4.5.3
Hoyt and
Schatten
model
. 188
4.4.6
Coronal source flux model
. 190
4.5
TSI reconstructions based on cosmogenic isotope proxies
. 192
4.5.1
Introduction
. 192
4.5.2
Reconstruction of TSI from cosmo-nuclide production
proxies
. 194
4.5.3
Projections for the Holocene
. 195
4.6
Temperature changes driven by the Sun
. 199
4.6.1
Global climate models
. 199
4.6.2
Climate sensitivity parameter
. 202
4.7
Conclusions on TSI
. 206
5
The Earth's heat balance and the greenhouse effect
. 211
5.1
The greenhouse effect
. 211
5.1.1
Terrestrial examples
. 211
5.1.2
Simplistic models of the Earth
. 213
5.2
The Earth's heat balance
. 215
5.2.1
Major heat flows
. 215
5.2.2
Greenhouse gas effects and water vapor
. 216
5.2.2.1
Absorption by greenhouse gases
. 216
5.2.2.2
Water vapor as a greenhouse gas
. 219
5.2.3
Albedo of the Earth
. 223
5.2.4
Ocean emissivity
. 225
5.2.5
Heat islands of the Earth
. 225
5.2.5.1
Differences between surface temperatures and
tropospheric temperatures
. 225
5.2.5.2
Correlation of surface temperatures with CO2
sources
. 227
5.2.5.3
Urban heat islands
. 228
5.2.5.4
Heat generation by urbanization
. 230
5.2.6
Effects of land use/land clearing changes
. 231
5.2.7
Effect of clouds
. 234
5.2.8
Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth's
climate system
. 236
5.2.9
Heat content of the oceans
. 238
Contents ix
5.2.10
North
Atlantic
climate
variability and ocean
oscillations
. 240
5.2.11
El Niños
and climate
. 241
5.3
Volcanic eruptions
. 246
5.4
Global climate models
. 252
5.4.1
Description of GCMs
. 252
5.4.2
The IPCC view of climate models
. 254
5.4.3
Uncertainties and limitations of GCMs
. 257
5.5
Instability of the climate
. 261
6
CO2 production and climate change
. 263
6.1
CO2 concentration: past and present
. 263
6.1.1
Measurements and proxies
. 263
6.1.2
Carbon cycle: CO2 fluxes
. 266
6.1.3
CO2 variations in glacial-interglacial cycles
. 271
6.1.4
CO2 and global warming
. 276
6.2
Projections of future CO2 concentration by climatologists
. 277
6.3
Projections of future global temperature rise due to CO2
. 280
6.4
Energy and climate in the 21st century
. 282
6.5
Constraints on CO2 production imposed by the limits of fossil fuels
288
7
Impacts of global warming
. 291
7.1
Global-warming alarmists
. 291
7.2
Global-warming naysayers
. 295
7.3
Sea level rise and the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets
. 298
7.4
Future increases in global temperature
. 312
7.5
Changes in precipitation: floods and drought
. 314
8
Global climate change and public policy
. 317
8.1
The Kyoto Protocol
. 317
8.1.1
Description of the Kyoto Protocol
. 317
8.1.2
Status of the Kyoto Agreement
. 318
8.1.3
Current positions of governments
. 320
8.1.4
Commentary on Kyoto Protocol
. 322
8.2
Economics: Will it cost more to do nothing?
. 325
8.2.1
The Stern Report
. 325
8.2.2 Nordhaus
Review of Stern Report
. 328
8.3
U.S. Congress: meeting the climate change challenge
. 330
9
Final remarks
. 333
9.1
Conclusions
. 333
9.2
The nine questions
. 338
Appendix: Review of the film An Inconvenient Truth
. 341
References
. 351
Index
. 371 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
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| author_variant | d r dr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023030291 |
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| classification_tum | GEO 780f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)239666365 (DE-599)DNB985928123 |
| dewey-full | 551.5271 551.5253 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 551 - Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| dewey-raw | 551.5271 551.5253 |
| dewey-search | 551.5271 551.5253 |
| dewey-sort | 3551.5271 |
| dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
| discipline | Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Physik Soziologie Geographie |
| discipline_str_mv | Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Physik Soziologie Geographie |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:16:44Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:09:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540765868 3540765867 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXIX, 374 S., [8] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
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| spelling | Rapp, Donald 1934- Verfasser (DE-588)135633494 aut Assessing climate change temperatures, solar radiation, and heat balance Donald Rapp Berlin [u.a.] Springer [u.a.] 2008 XXIX, 374 S., [8] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer Praxis books in environmental sciences Klimaänderung Umwelt Climatic changes Earth temperature Global temperature changes Greenhouse gases Environmental aspects Solar radiation Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd rswk-swf Sonnenstrahlung (DE-588)4139254-1 gnd rswk-swf Erwärmung Meteorologie (DE-588)4344515-9 gnd rswk-swf Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 s Erwärmung Meteorologie (DE-588)4344515-9 s DE-604 Sonnenstrahlung (DE-588)4139254-1 s http://d-nb.info/985928123/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016234190&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016234190&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Rapp, Donald 1934- Assessing climate change temperatures, solar radiation, and heat balance Klimaänderung Umwelt Climatic changes Earth temperature Global temperature changes Greenhouse gases Environmental aspects Solar radiation Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd Sonnenstrahlung (DE-588)4139254-1 gnd Erwärmung Meteorologie (DE-588)4344515-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4164199-1 (DE-588)4139254-1 (DE-588)4344515-9 |
| title | Assessing climate change temperatures, solar radiation, and heat balance |
| title_auth | Assessing climate change temperatures, solar radiation, and heat balance |
| title_exact_search | Assessing climate change temperatures, solar radiation, and heat balance |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Assessing climate change temperatures, solar radiation, and heat balance |
| title_full | Assessing climate change temperatures, solar radiation, and heat balance Donald Rapp |
| title_fullStr | Assessing climate change temperatures, solar radiation, and heat balance Donald Rapp |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing climate change temperatures, solar radiation, and heat balance Donald Rapp |
| title_short | Assessing climate change |
| title_sort | assessing climate change temperatures solar radiation and heat balance |
| title_sub | temperatures, solar radiation, and heat balance |
| topic | Klimaänderung Umwelt Climatic changes Earth temperature Global temperature changes Greenhouse gases Environmental aspects Solar radiation Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd Sonnenstrahlung (DE-588)4139254-1 gnd Erwärmung Meteorologie (DE-588)4344515-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Klimaänderung Umwelt Climatic changes Earth temperature Global temperature changes Greenhouse gases Environmental aspects Solar radiation Sonnenstrahlung Erwärmung Meteorologie |
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