Verfügbarkeit: Africa and the Americas

Africa and the Americas: culture, politics, and history ; a multidisciplinary encyclopedia 2

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Santa Barbara, Calif. [u.a.] ABC Clio 2008
Schriftenreihe:	Transatlantic relations series Transatlantic relations series
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XI S., S. 395 - 796 Ill.

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245	1	0	\|a Africa and the Americas \|b culture, politics, and history ; a multidisciplinary encyclopedia \|n 2 \|c ed. by Richard M. Juang ...
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Contents Series Editor s Preface, xiii Editor s Preface, xv Topic Finder, xxi Chronology of Africa and the Americas, xxix Introductory Essays, 1 Demography, Diaspora, and International Relations, 3 Culture and Religion, 11 Economics and Trade, 19 Arts, Literature, and Sport, 29 Abolitionism, 39 Abolitionism, British, 43 Achebe, Chinua, 46 Africa, North, 48 Africa, Precolonial, 50 Africa, West, 57 African Institution, The, 64 African Methodist Episcopal Church, 65 African Squadrons, 68 African Union, 69 Afrocentrism, 71 Afrofuturism, 72 Agriculture, 73 Agriculture, Sustainable, 77 Aidoo, Ama Ata, 79 Alean, 81 Aluam, Wali, 82 Algeria, 82 Ali Pasha, Muhammad, 83 Ali, Muhammad, 84 Ali, Noble Drew, 86 America, Central, 87 American Colonization Society, 93 American Freedmen s Inquiry Commission, 95 American Missionary Association, 96 American Revolution, 96 Amistad Case, The, 99 Ananse, 100 Ancestor Worship, 102 Angola, 104 Anikulapo-Kuti, Fela, 106 Annan, Kofi, 107 Anthropology, 108 Antigua and Barbuda, 111 Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 112 Apprenticeship (British Empire), 113 Architecture, 116 Architecture, Plantation, 118 Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, 122 Arms Trafficking, 124 Art, African, 126 Atlantic World, 132 Attucks, Crispus, 137 Avellaneda, Gertrudis Gómez de, 137 Aviation, 139 Bahamas, 141 Bakhita, Josephine, Saint, 144 Baraka, Amiri, 146 Barbados, 149 vi Contents Barnet, Miguel, 150 Barotseland, 151 Bauzá, Mario, 152 BBC Caribbean Service and Caribbean Voices, 153 Benin, Republic of, 155 Bennett, Louise, 157 Berlin West Africa Conference, 157 Bermuda, 159 Beyala, Calixthe, 160 Biafra, 161 Biotechnology, 162 Birchtown (Birch Town), 165 Black Arts Movement, 165 BUck Athena, 167 Black Classical Singers, 169 Black Panther Party, 171 Black Power Movement, 175 Black Star Line, 177 Blucke orBleucke orBluck, Stephen, 177 Blyden, Edward Wilmot, 179 Boatbuilding, 181 Bolivia, 182 Brand, Dionne, 185 Brathwaite, Kamau, 186 Brazil, 188 Brazilian Carnival, 191 Brazilian Culture, 193 Brindis de Salas, Virginia, 195 Britain: People of African Origin and Descent, 196 British Empire, 200 Brooks, Gwendolyn, 205 Brouwer, Leo, 206 Brown, William, 207 Brussels Act, 208 Bunche, Ralph, 209 Burial Ground (New York City), African, 210 Burial, African Practices in the Americas, 211 Burkina Faso, 214 Burundi, 216 Cabral, Amilcar, 219 Cabral, Cristina Rodríguez, 220 Calabar, 221 Calypso, 223 Cameroon, 225 Canada (Africadian Culture), 228 Candomblé, 231 Cape Coast Castle, 231 Cape Verde, 233 Caribbean Artists Movement, 234 Caribbean Community and Common Market, 235 Caribbean Literature, 237 Carnival, Latin American, 241 Carver, George Washington, 242 Casas, Bartolomé De Las, 243 Castas Paintings, 244 Castro Ruz, Fidel, 246 Catholicism, 249 Ceddo, 251 Central African Republic, 251 Central Intelligence Agency, 253 Césaire, Aimé, 255 Chad, 257 Chamoiseau, Patrick, 258 Chikaba (Venerable Thérèse Juliana of Saint Dominic), 259 Chile, 261 Christianity (African American), 262 Christophe, Henri, 263 Cities, 264 Civil Rights Movement, 267 Civil War, American, 272 Clemente Walker, Roberto, 274 Cliff, Michelle, 276 Code Noir, 277 Coetzee, John Maxwell, 279 Coffee, 282 Cold War, 282 Colombia, 286 Colonial Armies in Africa, 290 Colonialism, 293 Colored Farmers National Alliance, 300 Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, 300 Columbian Exchange, 301 Columbus, Christopher, 303 Comoros, 304 Company of Merchants Trading to Africa, 305 Condé, Maryse, 306 Congo (Brazzaville), 308 Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, 309 Congolese Independence, 312 Côte d Ivoire, 313 Creole Revolt, 314 Creole/Criollo, 315 Crisis, The, 316 Cruz, Celia, 317 Contents vii Cuba, 318 Cuban Music, African Influence in, 321 Cuban Ritual Music, African Influence in, 325 Cudjoe, 328 Cuffe, Captain Paul, 329 Cush Kingdom, 330 Dabydeen, David, 331 Dadié, Bernard Binlin, 332 D Aguiar, Fred, 333 Dan Fodio, Uthman, 334 Dangarembga, Tsitsi, 335 Danish Empire, 336 Danticat, Edwidge, 338 Dash, Julie, 340 Debt Cancellation, 340 Decolonization, African, 343 Delany, Martin Robinson, 345 Democracy, African, 347 Democracy, Latin American, 351 Denver African Expedition, 356 Dessalines, Jean Jacques, 357 Diamonds, 358 Diaspora, 360 Diaspora, Demography of, 362 Dinka, 366 Diop, Cheikh Anta, 366 Djebar, Assia, 368 Djibouti, 370 Doe, Samuel K., 371 Dominican Republic, The, 372 Dongala, Emmanuel Boundzeki, 375 Douglass, Frederick, 376 Drama, African American, 378 Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), 381 Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt, 382 Dutch Empire, 385 Dutty, Boukman, 390 Duvalier, François, 391 Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 393 EBONY, 395 Ecology, 397 Economic Community of West African States, 400 Ecuador, 401 Efik, 403 Egypt, 404 Egypt, American Mercenaries in, 409 Egyptian Soldiers in Mexico, 410 Ekwensi, Cyprian Odiatu Duaka, 4l 1 Ellison, Ralph Waldo, 412 Emancipation Proclamation, 413 Emecheta, Buchi, 414 English, African American Vernacular, 415 Enlightenment Philosophy, 416 Environmentalism, 419 Equatorial Guinea, 421 Equiano, Olaudah, 423 Eritrea, 424 Ethiopia, 427 Ethnicity, 430 Evolution, Human, 434 Exodus, 436 Exploration and Explorers, Africa, 439 Falasha (Beta Israel), 443 Fanon, Frantz, 444 Farrakhan, Louis, 446 Fauset, Jessie, 447 Fédeon Rebellion, 448 Feminism and Women s Equality Movements, African, 449 Feminism and Women s Equality Movements, Transatlantic, 453 Feminism and Women s Equality Movements, U.S., 457 Fetu of Cape Coast, 465 Film (Africa), 466 Film (Atlantic), 468 Film (Caribbean), 470 Film (Latin America), 472 Film (North America), 475 Film (South America), 477 Five Percent Nation, 479 Flying Africans, 479 Folklore, African, 482 French Empire, 485 Fugitive Slave Law, 490 Fulani, 492 Gabon, Republic of, 493 Gabriel, 495 Gambia, The, 497 Garvey, Amy Jacques, 499 Garvey, Marcus, 500 Gates Jr., Henry Louis, 502 Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Movements, Africa and African Diasporic, 503 viii Contents Genocide, 510 Georgias Sea Islands, 515 Ghana, 516 Ghana Empire, 522 Gilroy, Beryl Agatha, 523 Glissant, Edouard, 525 Globalization, 526 Good Neighbor Policy, 528 Goyemide, Etienne, 529 Green Revolution, 530 Gronniosaw, Ukawsaw, 532 Guillen, Nicolas, 532 Guinea, 533 Guinea Dance, 535 Guinea-Bissau, 540 Gullah, 542 Guyana, 543 Hair, 545 Haiti, 546 Haley, Alex, 548 Hansberry, Lorraine, 549 Harlem Renaissance, 552 Hausa (People), 554 Head, Bessie, 555 Health, Public, 556 Hip-Hop, 563 Hip-Hop, Cuban, 567 Hip-Hop, Women in, 568 Hughes, Langston, 572 Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Prevention, 573 Human Rights, 582 Humanitarian Assistance, 588 Hurston, Zora Neale, 593 Hutu, 595 Igbo, 597 Ike, Vincent Chukwuemeka, 598 Imbuga, Francis D., 599 Immigration, United States, 601 Imperial Germany, Black Entertainers in, 610 Industrialization, 613 Insurgency and Counterinsurgency, 618 Internationa] Development, 624 International Monetary Fund, 625 Ironworking, 627 Islam, African American, 628 Jacobs, Harriet Ann, 637 Jamaica, 638 Jamaica, Women s Role in, 641 James, Cyril Lionel Robert, 645 Jazz and the Blues, 646 Jazz, African, 651 Johnson, Charles R., 652 Johnson, James Weldon, 653 Johnson, Linton Kwesi, 655 Jones, Claudia, 657 Journal of Negro History, 658 Juana Ines de la Cruz, Sor, 659 Judaism, 660 Juneteenth, 663 Kanem-Bornu Empire, 665 Kaunda, Kenneth, 665 Kente Cloth, 666 Kenya, 667 Khoisan, 668 Kincaid, Jamaica, 669 King Jr., Martin Luther, 671 Kongo, 673 Kru Sailors, 674 Laing, Kojo, 677 Latin American Literature, 678 League of Coloured Peoples, 682 League of Nations, 683 Lesotho, 685 Lewis, Mary Edmonia, 686 Liberation Theology, 687 Liberia, 692 Libya, 695 Literature, African, 695 Literature, African American, 698 Locke, Alain LeRoy, 703 Long Island: African Americans and Native Peoples, 704 Lopes, Henri, 706 Lorde, Audre, 708 Lost Boys of Sudan, 709 Louverture, Toussaint Bréda, 710 Lumumba, Patrice, 713 Mad Mullah, 717 Madagascar, 717 Madhi, 719 Malawi, 719 Malcolm X, 721 Male Revolt, 723 Mali, 724 Mandela, Nelson, 726 Contents ix Manzano, Juan Francisco, 727 Marley, Robert Nesta, 729 Marrant, John, 731 Marshall, Paule, 732 Marson, Una, 735 Martí, José, 736 Masai, 737 Mauritania, 739 Mauritius, 740 Mays, Willie Howard, 741 McKay, Claude, 743 Médecins Sans Frontières, 745 Mercantilism, 746 MERCOSUR, 748 Mexico, 750 Mexico (Afro-Mexican Identity), 753 Microfinance, 755 Middle Passage, 758 Military Forces, 760 Miller, Samuel T., 763 Mohammad, Warith Deen, 764 Monroe Doctrine, 765 Montaigne, Michel de, 767 Monuments and Memorials, Slavery, 769 Moody, Harold, 770 Morant Bay Rebellion, 771 Morejón, Nancy, 773 Morocco, 774 Morris, Mervyn, 776 Morrison, Toni, 777 Movimento Negro Unificado, 779 Mozambique, 780 Mullen, Harryette, 782 Museums and Transatlantic Slavery, 783 Music, African, 786 Music, African Popular, 790 Mutabaruka, 796 N Krumah, Kwame, 797 Naipaul, Vidiadhar Surajprasad, 798 Namibia, 799 Nanny, 802 Nation of Islam, 803 Ndebele, 807 Négritude, 809 Negro Leagues, 811 Neocolonialism, 813 Netherlands Antilles, 815 Niagara Movement, 818 Nicaragua, 818 Niger, 822 Nigeria, 822 Nigeria, Drama in, 826 Nigerian Traditional Dances, 828 Noirisme, 830 Non-Aligned Movement, 832 Notting Hill Carnival in London, 834 Nova Scotia, African American Diaspora in, 836 Nova Scotia, Black Refugees in, 837 Nwapa, Flora, 838 Obeah, 841 O Farrill, Arturo Chico , 842 Ogun, 843 Oil, 844 Okigbo, Christopher, 845 Okri, Ben, 847 Organization of American States, Orisha, 850 Oroonoko, 852 Ousmane, Sembene, 852 Pageant, The African American, 855 Paige, Leroy Robert, 858 Palm Oil, 859 Pan-African Conference, 861 Pan-Africanism, 862 Paraguay, 865 Peace Corps, 868 Peacekeeping and Military Interventions, 870 Pentecostalism, 875 Peralte, Charlemagne Masséna, 877 Peru, 879 Pétion, Alexandre Sabès, 881 Philip, Marlene Nourbese, 882 Phillips, Caryl, 883 Plantations and Plantation Systems, 884 Popular Music, American Influences on African, 887 Portuguese Empire, 894 Postcolonial Studies, 895 Pre-Columbian America, 898 Price-Mars, Jean, 902 Prince, Mary, 904 Puerto Rico, 906 Qaddafi, Muammar al-, 909 Quakers, 910 Quaque, Philip, 912 Quilombo, 913 x Contents Race, History of, 915 Radio Mara , 918 Rastafari, 918 Reggae, 921 Reggae, African, 922 Religion (Africa), 924 Religion in Africa and the Americas, Demography of, 929 Reparations (Slavery and Colonialism), 932 Reproductive Health and Family Planning in Africa, U.S. Influence on, 938 Restavek, 946 Rice in the African Diaspora, 947 Robinson, Jack Roosevelt, 952 Rosas de Oquendo, Mateo, 954 Royal African Company, 955 Rwanda, 956 Sadat, Muhammad Anwar el-, 959 Sailors, 961 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 963 Saint Kitts and Nevis Revolt, 966 Sambo s Grave, 967 Sanchez, Sonia, 968 Santos Arrascaeta, Beatriz, 968 São Tomé e Príncipe, 970 Saro-Wiwa, Ken, 971 Schomburg, Arthur Alfonso, 972 Selassie I, Haile, 973 Selvon, Samuel Dickson, 974 Senegal, 975 Senghor, Leopold Sedar, 979 Seychelles, 980 Shabazz, Betty, 981 Shakur, Assatta, 983 Shakur, Tupac Amaru, 983 Shange, Ntozake, 984 Sharpeville Massacre, 987 Sierra Leone, 988 Sierra Leone Company, 990 Sisulu, Walter, 991 Slave Forts, 992 Slave Narratives, 994 Slave Revolts/Maronnage, 997 Slavery (Economics), 1000 Slavery (History), 1004 Smalls, Robert, 1007 Smith, Mikey, 1008 Smithsonian African Art Museum, 1009 Soccer, 1010 Socialism, 1011 Sokoto Caliphate, 1015 Somalia, 1016 Songhay (Medieval Empire), 1017 Soukous, 1020 Soulouque, Faustin, 1021 South Africa, History and Politics, 1023 Soyinka, Wole, 1026 Spanish Empire, 1027 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 1032 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, 1033 Sudan (Darfur Region), 1034 Sundiata, 1036 Sundiata Keita and Sundiata Epic, 1037 Suriname, 1038 Swaziland, 1039 Tanner, Henry Ossawa, 1041 Tanzania, 1042 Taylor, Charles, 1043 Tchicaya U Tam si, 1044 Technology Transfers, 1046 Television in Africa, American Influence on, 1049 Terrorism, 1052 Thiong o, Ngugi wa, 1058 Titanic, 1059 Togo, 1060 Toomer, Jean, 1061 Trade, Fair, 1062 Trade Zones, African, 1065 Transculturation, 1066 Travel Writing, 1068 Trinidad and Tobago, 1070 Truth and Reconciliation Commissions, 1072 Truth, Sojourner, 1075 Tubman, Harriet, 1076 Tunisia, 1077 Turner, Nat, 1078 Tuskegee Airmen, 1079 Tuskegee Institute, 1080 Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, 1080 Tutsi, 1081 Tutu, Desmond, 1082 Uganda, 1087 United Nations, 1089 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, 1093 Contents xi United States Colored Troops, 1094 Universal Negro Improvement Association, The, 1095 Uruguay, 1096 Urbanization, 1100 United States Agency for International Development, 1105 Vesey, Denmark, 1107 Voice of America, 1109 Voodoo, 1109 Walcott, Derek, 1113 Walker, Alice, 1114 Warner- Vi eyra, Myriam, 1114 Washington, Booker T., 1115 Wedderburn, Robert, 1117 Weimar Republic, Black Entertainers in the, 1118 West Indies Federation, 1121 West, Cornel, 1123 Wheatley, Phillis, 1124 Wideman, John Edgar, 1126 Wilberforce, William, 1127 Williams, Francis, 1129 Williams, Henry Sylvester, 1130 Williams, James, 1132 Williams, John Α., 1134 Wolof, 1136 World Antislavery Conventions, 1840, 1843, 1137 World Bank, 1139 World Health Organization, 1141 World Trade Organization, 1142 World War I, 1143 World War II, 1146 Wright, Richard, 1150 Yoruba, 1155 Zambia, 1157 Zimbabwe, 1158 Index, 1163 About the Editors, 1215
adam_txt	Contents Series Editor's Preface, xiii Editor's Preface, xv Topic Finder, xxi Chronology of Africa and the Americas, xxix Introductory Essays, 1 Demography, Diaspora, and International Relations, 3 Culture and Religion, 11 Economics and Trade, 19 Arts, Literature, and Sport, 29 Abolitionism, 39 Abolitionism, British, 43 Achebe, Chinua, 46 Africa, North, 48 Africa, Precolonial, 50 Africa, West, 57 African Institution, The, 64 African Methodist Episcopal Church, 65 African Squadrons, 68 African Union, 69 Afrocentrism, 71 Afrofuturism, 72 Agriculture, 73 Agriculture, Sustainable, 77 Aidoo, Ama Ata, 79 Alean, 81 Aluam, Wali, 82 Algeria, 82 'Ali Pasha, Muhammad, 83 Ali, Muhammad, 84 Ali, Noble Drew, 86 America, Central, 87 American Colonization Society, 93 American Freedmen's Inquiry Commission, 95 American Missionary Association, 96 American Revolution, 96 Amistad Case, The, 99 Ananse, 100 Ancestor Worship, 102 Angola, 104 Anikulapo-Kuti, Fela, 106 Annan, Kofi, 107 Anthropology, 108 Antigua and Barbuda, 111 Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 112 Apprenticeship (British Empire), 113 Architecture, 116 Architecture, Plantation, 118 Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, 122 Arms Trafficking, 124 Art, African, 126 Atlantic World, 132 Attucks, Crispus, 137 Avellaneda, Gertrudis Gómez de, 137 Aviation, 139 Bahamas, 141 Bakhita, Josephine, Saint, 144 Baraka, Amiri, 146 Barbados, 149 vi Contents Barnet, Miguel, 150 Barotseland, 151 Bauzá, Mario, 152 BBC Caribbean Service and Caribbean Voices, 153 Benin, Republic of, 155 Bennett, Louise, 157 Berlin West Africa Conference, 157 Bermuda, 159 Beyala, Calixthe, 160 Biafra, 161 Biotechnology, 162 Birchtown (Birch Town), 165 Black Arts Movement, 165 BUck Athena, 167 Black Classical Singers, 169 Black Panther Party, 171 Black Power Movement, 175 Black Star Line, 177 Blucke orBleucke orBluck, Stephen, 177 Blyden, Edward Wilmot, 179 Boatbuilding, 181 Bolivia, 182 Brand, Dionne, 185 Brathwaite, Kamau, 186 Brazil, 188 Brazilian Carnival, 191 Brazilian Culture, 193 Brindis de Salas, Virginia, 195 Britain: People of African Origin and Descent, 196 British Empire, 200 Brooks, Gwendolyn, 205 Brouwer, Leo, 206 Brown, William, 207 Brussels Act, 208 Bunche, Ralph, 209 Burial Ground (New York City), African, 210 Burial, African Practices in the Americas, 211 Burkina Faso, 214 Burundi, 216 Cabral, Amilcar, 219 Cabral, Cristina Rodríguez, 220 Calabar, 221 Calypso, 223 Cameroon, 225 Canada (Africadian Culture), 228 Candomblé, 231 Cape Coast Castle, 231 Cape Verde, 233 Caribbean Artists Movement, 234 Caribbean Community and Common Market, 235 Caribbean Literature, 237 Carnival, Latin American, 241 Carver, George Washington, 242 Casas, Bartolomé De Las, 243 Castas Paintings, 244 Castro Ruz, Fidel, 246 Catholicism, 249 Ceddo, 251 Central African Republic, 251 Central Intelligence Agency, 253 Césaire, Aimé, 255 Chad, 257 Chamoiseau, Patrick, 258 Chikaba (Venerable Thérèse Juliana of Saint Dominic), 259 Chile, 261 Christianity (African American), 262 Christophe, Henri, 263 Cities, 264 Civil Rights Movement, 267 Civil War, American, 272 Clemente Walker, Roberto, 274 Cliff, Michelle, 276 Code Noir, 277 Coetzee, John Maxwell, 279 Coffee, 282 Cold War, 282 Colombia, 286 Colonial Armies in Africa, 290 Colonialism, 293 Colored Farmers National Alliance, 300 Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, 300 Columbian Exchange, 301 Columbus, Christopher, 303 Comoros, 304 Company of Merchants Trading to Africa, 305 Condé, Maryse, 306 Congo (Brazzaville), 308 Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, 309 Congolese Independence, 312 Côte d'Ivoire, 313 Creole Revolt, 314 Creole/Criollo, 315 Crisis, The, 316 Cruz, Celia, 317 Contents vii Cuba, 318 Cuban Music, African Influence in, 321 Cuban Ritual Music, African Influence in, 325 Cudjoe, 328 Cuffe, Captain Paul, 329 Cush Kingdom, 330 Dabydeen, David, 331 Dadié, Bernard Binlin, 332 D'Aguiar, Fred, 333 Dan Fodio, Uthman, 334 Dangarembga, Tsitsi, 335 Danish Empire, 336 Danticat, Edwidge, 338 Dash, Julie, 340 Debt Cancellation, 340 Decolonization, African, 343 Delany, Martin Robinson, 345 Democracy, African, 347 Democracy, Latin American, 351 Denver African Expedition, 356 Dessalines, Jean Jacques, 357 Diamonds, 358 Diaspora, 360 Diaspora, Demography of, 362 Dinka, 366 Diop, Cheikh Anta, 366 Djebar, Assia, 368 Djibouti, 370 Doe, Samuel K., 371 Dominican Republic, The, 372 Dongala, Emmanuel Boundzeki, 375 Douglass, Frederick, 376 Drama, African American, 378 Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), 381 Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt, 382 Dutch Empire, 385 Dutty, Boukman, 390 Duvalier, François, 391 Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 393 EBONY, 395 Ecology, 397 Economic Community of West African States, 400 Ecuador, 401 Efik, 403 Egypt, 404 Egypt, American Mercenaries in, 409 Egyptian Soldiers in Mexico, 410 Ekwensi, Cyprian Odiatu Duaka, 4l 1 Ellison, Ralph Waldo, 412 Emancipation Proclamation, 413 Emecheta, Buchi, 414 English, African American Vernacular, 415 Enlightenment Philosophy, 416 Environmentalism, 419 Equatorial Guinea, 421 Equiano, Olaudah, 423 Eritrea, 424 Ethiopia, 427 Ethnicity, 430 Evolution, Human, 434 Exodus, 436 Exploration and Explorers, Africa, 439 Falasha (Beta Israel), 443 Fanon, Frantz, 444 Farrakhan, Louis, 446 Fauset, Jessie, 447 Fédeon Rebellion, 448 Feminism and Women's Equality Movements, African, 449 Feminism and Women's Equality Movements, Transatlantic, 453 Feminism and Women's Equality Movements, U.S., 457 Fetu of Cape Coast, 465 Film (Africa), 466 Film (Atlantic), 468 Film (Caribbean), 470 Film (Latin America), 472 Film (North America), 475 Film (South America), 477 Five Percent Nation, 479 Flying Africans, 479 Folklore, African, 482 French Empire, 485 Fugitive Slave Law, 490 Fulani, 492 Gabon, Republic of, 493 Gabriel, 495 Gambia, The, 497 Garvey, Amy Jacques, 499 Garvey, Marcus, 500 Gates Jr., Henry Louis, 502 Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Movements, Africa and African Diasporic, 503 viii Contents Genocide, 510 Georgias Sea Islands, 515 Ghana, 516 Ghana Empire, 522 Gilroy, Beryl Agatha, 523 Glissant, Edouard, 525 Globalization, 526 Good Neighbor Policy, 528 Goyemide, Etienne, 529 Green Revolution, 530 Gronniosaw, Ukawsaw, 532 Guillen, Nicolas, 532 Guinea, 533 Guinea Dance, 535 Guinea-Bissau, 540 Gullah, 542 Guyana, 543 Hair, 545 Haiti, 546 Haley, Alex, 548 Hansberry, Lorraine, 549 Harlem Renaissance, 552 Hausa (People), 554 Head, Bessie, 555 Health, Public, 556 Hip-Hop, 563 Hip-Hop, Cuban, 567 Hip-Hop, Women in, 568 Hughes, Langston, 572 Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Prevention, 573 Human Rights, 582 Humanitarian Assistance, 588 Hurston, Zora Neale, 593 Hutu, 595 Igbo, 597 Ike, Vincent Chukwuemeka, 598 Imbuga, Francis D., 599 Immigration, United States, 601 Imperial Germany, Black Entertainers in, 610 Industrialization, 613 Insurgency and Counterinsurgency, 618 Internationa] Development, 624 International Monetary Fund, 625 Ironworking, 627 Islam, African American, 628 Jacobs, Harriet Ann, 637 Jamaica, 638 Jamaica, Women's Role in, 641 James, Cyril Lionel Robert, 645 Jazz and the Blues, 646 Jazz, African, 651 Johnson, Charles R., 652 Johnson, James Weldon, 653 Johnson, Linton Kwesi, 655 Jones, Claudia, 657 Journal of Negro History, 658 Juana Ines de la Cruz, Sor, 659 Judaism, 660 Juneteenth, 663 Kanem-Bornu Empire, 665 Kaunda, Kenneth, 665 Kente Cloth, 666 Kenya, 667 Khoisan, 668 Kincaid, Jamaica, 669 King Jr., Martin Luther, 671 Kongo, 673 Kru Sailors, 674 Laing, Kojo, 677 Latin American Literature, 678 League of Coloured Peoples, 682 League of Nations, 683 Lesotho, 685 Lewis, Mary Edmonia, 686 Liberation Theology, 687 Liberia, 692 Libya, 695 Literature, African, 695 Literature, African American, 698 Locke, Alain LeRoy, 703 Long Island: African Americans and Native Peoples, 704 Lopes, Henri, 706 Lorde, Audre, 708 Lost Boys of Sudan, 709 Louverture, Toussaint Bréda, 710 Lumumba, Patrice, 713 Mad Mullah, 717 Madagascar, 717 Madhi, 719 Malawi, 719 Malcolm X, 721 Male Revolt, 723 Mali, 724 Mandela, Nelson, 726 Contents ix Manzano, Juan Francisco, 727 Marley, Robert Nesta, 729 Marrant, John, 731 Marshall, Paule, 732 Marson, Una, 735 Martí, José, 736 Masai, 737 Mauritania, 739 Mauritius, 740 Mays, Willie Howard, 741 McKay, Claude, 743 Médecins Sans Frontières, 745 Mercantilism, 746 MERCOSUR, 748 Mexico, 750 Mexico (Afro-Mexican Identity), 753 Microfinance, 755 Middle Passage, 758 Military Forces, 760 Miller, Samuel T., 763 Mohammad, Warith Deen, 764 Monroe Doctrine, 765 Montaigne, Michel de, 767 Monuments and Memorials, Slavery, 769 Moody, Harold, 770 Morant Bay Rebellion, 771 Morejón, Nancy, 773 Morocco, 774 Morris, Mervyn, 776 Morrison, Toni, 777 Movimento Negro Unificado, 779 Mozambique, 780 Mullen, Harryette, 782 Museums and Transatlantic Slavery, 783 Music, African, 786 Music, African Popular, 790 Mutabaruka, 796 N'Krumah, Kwame, 797 Naipaul, Vidiadhar Surajprasad, 798 Namibia, 799 Nanny, 802 Nation of Islam, 803 Ndebele, 807 Négritude, 809 Negro Leagues, 811 Neocolonialism, 813 Netherlands Antilles, 815 Niagara Movement, 818 Nicaragua, 818 Niger, 822 Nigeria, 822 Nigeria, Drama in, 826 Nigerian Traditional Dances, 828 Noirisme, 830 Non-Aligned Movement, 832 Notting Hill Carnival in London, 834 Nova Scotia, African American Diaspora in, 836 Nova Scotia, Black Refugees in, 837 Nwapa, Flora, 838 Obeah, 841 O'Farrill, Arturo "Chico", 842 Ogun, 843 Oil, 844 Okigbo, Christopher, 845 Okri, Ben, 847 Organization of American States, Orisha, 850 Oroonoko, 852 Ousmane, Sembene, 852 Pageant, The African American, 855 Paige, Leroy Robert, 858 Palm Oil, 859 Pan-African Conference, 861 Pan-Africanism, 862 Paraguay, 865 Peace Corps, 868 Peacekeeping and Military Interventions, 870 Pentecostalism, 875 Peralte, Charlemagne Masséna, 877 Peru, 879 Pétion, Alexandre Sabès, 881 Philip, Marlene Nourbese, 882 Phillips, Caryl, 883 Plantations and Plantation Systems, 884 Popular Music, American Influences on African, 887 Portuguese Empire, 894 Postcolonial Studies, 895 Pre-Columbian America, 898 Price-Mars, Jean, 902 Prince, Mary, 904 Puerto Rico, 906 Qaddafi, Muammar al-, 909 Quakers, 910 Quaque, Philip, 912 Quilombo, 913 x Contents Race, History of, 915 Radio Mara', 918 Rastafari, 918 Reggae, 921 Reggae, African, 922 Religion (Africa), 924 Religion in Africa and the Americas, Demography of, 929 Reparations (Slavery and Colonialism), 932 Reproductive Health and Family Planning in Africa, U.S. Influence on, 938 Restavek, 946 Rice in the African Diaspora, 947 Robinson, Jack Roosevelt, 952 Rosas de Oquendo, Mateo, 954 Royal African Company, 955 Rwanda, 956 Sadat, Muhammad Anwar el-, 959 Sailors, 961 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 963 Saint Kitts and Nevis Revolt, 966 Sambo's Grave, 967 Sanchez, Sonia, 968 Santos Arrascaeta, Beatriz, 968 São Tomé e Príncipe, 970 Saro-Wiwa, Ken, 971 Schomburg, Arthur Alfonso, 972 Selassie I, Haile, 973 Selvon, Samuel Dickson, 974 Senegal, 975 Senghor, Leopold Sedar, 979 Seychelles, 980 Shabazz, Betty, 981 Shakur, Assatta, 983 Shakur, Tupac Amaru, 983 Shange, Ntozake, 984 Sharpeville Massacre, 987 Sierra Leone, 988 Sierra Leone Company, 990 Sisulu, Walter, 991 Slave Forts, 992 Slave Narratives, 994 Slave Revolts/Maronnage, 997 Slavery (Economics), 1000 Slavery (History), 1004 Smalls, Robert, 1007 Smith, Mikey, 1008 Smithsonian African Art Museum, 1009 Soccer, 1010 Socialism, 1011 Sokoto Caliphate, 1015 Somalia, 1016 Songhay (Medieval Empire), 1017 Soukous, 1020 Soulouque, Faustin, 1021 South Africa, History and Politics, 1023 Soyinka, Wole, 1026 Spanish Empire, 1027 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 1032 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, 1033 Sudan (Darfur Region), 1034 Sundiata, 1036 Sundiata Keita and Sundiata Epic, 1037 Suriname, 1038 Swaziland, 1039 Tanner, Henry Ossawa, 1041 Tanzania, 1042 Taylor, Charles, 1043 Tchicaya U Tam'si, 1044 Technology Transfers, 1046 Television in Africa, American Influence on, 1049 Terrorism, 1052 Thiong'o, Ngugi wa, 1058 Titanic, 1059 Togo, 1060 Toomer, Jean, 1061 Trade, Fair, 1062 Trade Zones, African, 1065 Transculturation, 1066 Travel Writing, 1068 Trinidad and Tobago, 1070 Truth and Reconciliation Commissions, 1072 Truth, Sojourner, 1075 Tubman, Harriet, 1076 Tunisia, 1077 Turner, Nat, 1078 Tuskegee Airmen, 1079 Tuskegee Institute, 1080 Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, 1080 Tutsi, 1081 Tutu, Desmond, 1082 Uganda, 1087 United Nations, 1089 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, 1093 Contents xi United States Colored Troops, 1094 Universal Negro Improvement Association, The, 1095 Uruguay, 1096 Urbanization, 1100 United States Agency for International Development, 1105 Vesey, Denmark, 1107 Voice of America, 1109 Voodoo, 1109 Walcott, Derek, 1113 Walker, Alice, 1114 Warner- Vi eyra, Myriam, 1114 Washington, Booker T., 1115 Wedderburn, Robert, 1117 Weimar Republic, Black Entertainers in the, 1118 West Indies Federation, 1121 West, Cornel, 1123 Wheatley, Phillis, 1124 Wideman, John Edgar, 1126 Wilberforce, William, 1127 Williams, Francis, 1129 Williams, Henry Sylvester, 1130 Williams, James, 1132 Williams, John Α., 1134 Wolof, 1136 World Antislavery Conventions, 1840, 1843, 1137 World Bank, 1139 World Health Organization, 1141 World Trade Organization, 1142 World War I, 1143 World War II, 1146 Wright, Richard, 1150 Yoruba, 1155 Zambia, 1157 Zimbabwe, 1158 Index, 1163 About the Editors, 1215
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spellingShingle	Africa and the Americas culture, politics, and history ; a multidisciplinary encyclopedia
title	Africa and the Americas culture, politics, and history ; a multidisciplinary encyclopedia
title_auth	Africa and the Americas culture, politics, and history ; a multidisciplinary encyclopedia
title_exact_search	Africa and the Americas culture, politics, and history ; a multidisciplinary encyclopedia
title_exact_search_txtP	Africa and the Americas culture, politics, and history ; a multidisciplinary encyclopedia
title_full	Africa and the Americas culture, politics, and history ; a multidisciplinary encyclopedia 2 ed. by Richard M. Juang ...
title_fullStr	Africa and the Americas culture, politics, and history ; a multidisciplinary encyclopedia 2 ed. by Richard M. Juang ...
title_full_unstemmed	Africa and the Americas culture, politics, and history ; a multidisciplinary encyclopedia 2 ed. by Richard M. Juang ...
title_short	Africa and the Americas
title_sort	africa and the americas culture politics and history a multidisciplinary encyclopedia
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