Central pain syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Publisher description Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 382 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9780521866927 0521866928 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Central pain syndrome |b pathophysiology, diagnosis and management |c Sergio Canavero ; Vincenzo Bonicalzi |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 2007 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Central pain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pain |x physiopathology | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | H CONTENTS
List of Tables page xi
Preface (or, the Story of an Idea) xiii
1 Introduction 1
Definitions 1
History 3
2 Central Pain of Brain Origin 9
Epidemiology and clinical features 9
1. Lesions causing CP and location 9
2. Incidence and prevalence 22
3. Age of onset of CPSP 28
4. Sex distribution of CPSP 28
5. Time to pain onset 28
6. Side of the lesions 40
7. Size of the lesion and CPSP 40
8. Pain distribution 40
9. Quality of pain 47
10. Intensity of pain 49
11. Components 49
12. Evoked pains 54
13. Somatosensory findings 56
14. Sympathetic and other signs and symptoms 99
Special considerations 100
1. Sensory epilepsy 100
2. Parkinson s disease (PD) 101
3. Iatrogenic lesions 102
3 Central Pain of Cord Origin 113
1. Lesions causing CCP 113
2. Incidence and prevalence 113
vii
viii Contents
3. Age of onset and sex distribution 116
4. Time to pain onset 116
5. Level of lesion 117
6. Distribution of pain 118
7. Quality 119
8. Intensity 120
9. Components 120
10. Evoked pains 120
11. Somatosensory deficits 121
12. Sympathetic and other signs and symptoms 128
13. Course 128
Special considerations 129
1. Syringomyelia 129
2. Multiple sclerosis (MS) 130
3. Spinal epilepsy 132
4 Diagnosing Central Pain 133
5 Drug Therapy 138
Oral and parenteral drug therapy 139
1. General comments 139
GABA drugs 139
Antiglutamatergic agents 177
Sodium channel blockers 178
Antidepressants 179
Opioids, naloxone and cannabinoids 180
Miscellaneous agents 181
Combinations 181
2. Drug aggravation of CP 182
6 Neuromodulation 183
Electrical 183
1. Extra and subdural motor (MCS) and sensory cortex
stimulation (PCS) 184
Mechanism of action 195
2. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) 199
Mechanism of action 199
a. PAG PVG 199
b. Vc 206
c. Other areas 208
Efficacy 208
a. Vc DBS 209
b. PAG PVG DBS 209
3. Spinal cord stimulation 211
Mechanism of action 211
Efficacy 211
Contents jx
4. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 218
Mechanism of action 218
Efficacy 220
5. Gasserian ganglion stimulation 221
6. Vagal nerve stimulation 221
7. Electroconvulsive therapy 221
Mechanism of action 221
Efficacy 223
8. Conclusions 223
Chemical 223
Prevention 232
Alternative approaches 232
A future? 235
7 Pathophysiology: Human Data 237
Functional imaging studies 239
1. Studies assessing the spontaneous resting component
and its modulation 240
2. Studies assessing the evoked components 243
3. Studies assessing biochemical changes 247
Interpretation 249
Neurophysiology 254
1. Human microrecording/stimulation studies 254
Findings in BCP 254
Findings in CCP 256
Spinal recordings 256
Cerebral recordings 257
Findings in mixed series 259
Interpretation 264
Evoked potentials studies 265
Interpretation 267
Results of neuroablation 267
Interpretation 267
a. Pre and post central gyrectomy 267
b. Frontal (psychiatric) surgery (lobotomy, topectomy,
cingulectomy/cingulotomy, leukotomy) 293
c. Hypothalamotomy and hypophysectomy 294
d. Thalamotomies 294
e. Mesencephalotomies 297
f. Other brainstem procedures 297
g. Anterolateral cordotomies (spinothalamic tractotomies) 298
h. Posterior cordotomies and commissurotomies 299
i. Cordectomies 299
j. Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesions 299
k. Spinal rhizotomies 300
x Contents
1. Sympathectomies and sympathetic blocks 300
Reports of sudden disappearance of CP 300
8 Piecing Together the Evidence 307
Exploring the theoretical framework 310
Triggering persistent oscillation 311
What releases CP? 315
Dissecting the role of GABA 321
Which role for neuroplasticity? 324
Bilaterality of central pain 327
Lessons from cord central pain 330
The genesis of allodynia 336
References 339
Index 379
H LIST OF TABLES
1.1 Historic highlights of central pain in the western literature
(from Garcin 1937; DeAjuraguerra 1937) 3
2.1 Lesions causing CP and their location 10
2.2 Incidence and prevalence (only best evidence studies included;
excluded ones can be found in bibliographies attached
to cited papers) 23
2.3 Age of onset (CPSP only) 29
2.4 Sex distribution (CPSP only) 31
2.5 Timespan between stroke injury and CP onset 36
2.6 Side of lesion 41
2.7 Size of the lesion 45
2.8 Pain quality 48
2.9 Central neurogenic pruritus due to brain lesions (excluding MS) 50
2.10 Clinical features (selected studies) 57
2.10a Somatosensory troubles in Head and Holmes cases of
thalamic pain 64
2.10b Review of somatosensory abnormalities in Head and Holmes
published cases 68
2.11 Somatosensory troubles in the review of De Ajuriaguerra (1937) 69
2.12 Somatosensory findings in selected series 70
2.13 Iatrogenic lesions originating central pain (selected studies) 104
3.1 Causes of cord central pain (compiled from a complete survey
of the literature and personal observations) 114
3.2 Distribution of causes of CCP 114
3.3 IASP classification of SCI pains (adapted from Siddall et al. 2001) 115
3.4 Incidence and prevalence 117
3.5 Clinical features (representative series; Defrin et al. 2001) 121
3.6 Somatosensory findings in selected series 122
4.1 Examination protocol for central pain (IASP) 136
5.1 Controlled studies of oral drugs 140
5.2 Controlled studies of parenteral drugs 149
xi
xii List of Tables
5.3 Uncontrolled studies: oral drugs 160
5.4 Uncontrolled studies: parenteral drugs 171
6.1 Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) (arranged by reporting groups) 185
6.2 Deep brain stimulation (DBS) arranged by reporting groups 200
6.3 Spinal cord stimulation (dorsal column stimulation) (SCS) 212
6.4 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 219
6.5 Gasserian ganglion stimulation 221
6.6 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 222
6.7 Chemical neuromodulation (spinal intrathecal (IT) or
epidural (EPI) infusion) 224
6.8 Treatment of central pain: the TANG guidelines 235
7.1 Results of neuroablative procedures 268
|
| adam_txt |
H CONTENTS
List of Tables page xi
Preface (or, the Story of an Idea) xiii
1 Introduction 1
Definitions 1
History 3
2 Central Pain of Brain Origin 9
Epidemiology and clinical features 9
1. Lesions causing CP and location 9
2. Incidence and prevalence 22
3. Age of onset of CPSP 28
4. Sex distribution of CPSP 28
5. Time to pain onset 28
6. Side of the lesions 40
7. Size of the lesion and CPSP 40
8. Pain distribution 40
9. Quality of pain 47
10. Intensity of pain 49
11. Components 49
12. Evoked pains 54
13. Somatosensory findings 56
14. Sympathetic and other signs and symptoms 99
Special considerations 100
1. Sensory epilepsy 100
2. Parkinson's disease (PD) 101
3. Iatrogenic lesions 102
3 Central Pain of Cord Origin 113
1. Lesions causing CCP 113
2. Incidence and prevalence 113
vii
viii Contents
3. Age of onset and sex distribution 116
4. Time to pain onset 116
5. Level of lesion 117
6. Distribution of pain 118
7. Quality 119
8. Intensity 120
9. Components 120
10. Evoked pains 120
11. Somatosensory deficits 121
12. Sympathetic and other signs and symptoms 128
13. Course 128
Special considerations 129
1. Syringomyelia 129
2. Multiple sclerosis (MS) 130
3. Spinal epilepsy 132
4 Diagnosing Central Pain 133
5 Drug Therapy 138
Oral and parenteral drug therapy 139
1. General comments 139
GABA drugs 139
Antiglutamatergic agents 177
Sodium channel blockers 178
Antidepressants 179
Opioids, naloxone and cannabinoids 180
Miscellaneous agents 181
Combinations 181
2. Drug aggravation of CP 182
6 Neuromodulation 183
Electrical 183
1. Extra and subdural motor (MCS) and sensory cortex
stimulation (PCS) 184
Mechanism of action 195
2. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) 199
Mechanism of action 199
a. PAG PVG 199
b. Vc 206
c. Other areas 208
Efficacy 208
a. Vc DBS 209
b. PAG PVG DBS 209
3. Spinal cord stimulation 211
Mechanism of action 211
Efficacy 211
Contents jx
4. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 218
Mechanism of action 218
Efficacy 220
5. Gasserian ganglion stimulation 221
6. Vagal nerve stimulation 221
7. Electroconvulsive therapy 221
Mechanism of action 221
Efficacy 223
8. Conclusions 223
Chemical 223
Prevention 232
Alternative approaches 232
A future? 235
7 Pathophysiology: Human Data 237
Functional imaging studies 239
1. Studies assessing the spontaneous resting component
and its modulation 240
2. Studies assessing the evoked components 243
3. Studies assessing biochemical changes 247
Interpretation 249
Neurophysiology 254
1. Human microrecording/stimulation studies 254
Findings in BCP 254
Findings in CCP 256
Spinal recordings 256
Cerebral recordings 257
Findings in mixed series 259
Interpretation 264
Evoked potentials studies 265
Interpretation 267
Results of neuroablation 267
Interpretation 267
a. Pre and post central gyrectomy 267
b. Frontal (psychiatric) surgery (lobotomy, topectomy,
cingulectomy/cingulotomy, leukotomy) 293
c. Hypothalamotomy and hypophysectomy 294
d. Thalamotomies 294
e. Mesencephalotomies 297
f. Other brainstem procedures 297
g. Anterolateral cordotomies (spinothalamic tractotomies) 298
h. Posterior cordotomies and commissurotomies 299
i. Cordectomies 299
j. Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesions 299
k. Spinal rhizotomies 300
x Contents
1. Sympathectomies and sympathetic blocks 300
Reports of sudden disappearance of CP 300
8 Piecing Together the Evidence 307
Exploring the theoretical framework 310
Triggering persistent oscillation 311
What releases CP? 315
Dissecting the role of GABA 321
Which role for neuroplasticity? 324
Bilaterality of central pain 327
Lessons from cord central pain 330
The genesis of allodynia 336
References 339
Index 379
H LIST OF TABLES
1.1 Historic highlights of central pain in the western literature
(from Garcin 1937; DeAjuraguerra 1937) 3
2.1 Lesions causing CP and their location 10
2.2 Incidence and prevalence (only best evidence studies included;
excluded ones can be found in bibliographies attached
to cited papers) 23
2.3 Age of onset (CPSP only) 29
2.4 Sex distribution (CPSP only) 31
2.5 Timespan between stroke injury and CP onset 36
2.6 Side of lesion 41
2.7 Size of the lesion 45
2.8 Pain quality 48
2.9 Central neurogenic pruritus due to brain lesions (excluding MS) 50
2.10 Clinical features (selected studies) 57
2.10a Somatosensory troubles in Head and Holmes' cases of
thalamic pain 64
2.10b Review of somatosensory abnormalities in Head and Holmes'
published cases 68
2.11 Somatosensory troubles in the review of De Ajuriaguerra (1937) 69
2.12 Somatosensory findings in selected series 70
2.13 Iatrogenic lesions originating central pain (selected studies) 104
3.1 Causes of cord central pain (compiled from a complete survey
of the literature and personal observations) 114
3.2 Distribution of causes of CCP 114
3.3 IASP classification of SCI pains (adapted from Siddall et al. 2001) 115
3.4 Incidence and prevalence 117
3.5 Clinical features (representative series; Defrin et al. 2001) 121
3.6 Somatosensory findings in selected series 122
4.1 Examination protocol for central pain (IASP) 136
5.1 Controlled studies of oral drugs 140
5.2 Controlled studies of parenteral drugs 149
xi
xii List of Tables
5.3 Uncontrolled studies: oral drugs 160
5.4 Uncontrolled studies: parenteral drugs 171
6.1 Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) (arranged by reporting groups) 185
6.2 Deep brain stimulation (DBS) arranged by reporting groups 200
6.3 Spinal cord stimulation (dorsal column stimulation) (SCS) 212
6.4 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 219
6.5 Gasserian ganglion stimulation 221
6.6 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 222
6.7 Chemical neuromodulation (spinal intrathecal (IT) or
epidural (EPI) infusion) 224
6.8 Treatment of central pain: the TANG guidelines 235
7.1 Results of neuroablative procedures 268 |
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| id | DE-604.BV023025819 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:15:01Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:09:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780521866927 0521866928 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2006023246 |
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| spelling | Canavero, Sergio Verfasser aut Central pain syndrome pathophysiology, diagnosis and management Sergio Canavero ; Vincenzo Bonicalzi 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2007 XIV, 382 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Central pain Pain physiopathology Pain therapy Central Nervous System injuries Central Nervous System Diseases physiopathology Schmerz (DE-588)4052823-6 gnd rswk-swf Schmerz (DE-588)4052823-6 s b DE-604 Bonicalzi, Vincenzo Verfasser aut http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0664/2006023246-d.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0664/2006023246-t.html Table of contents only HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016229785&sequence=000008&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Canavero, Sergio Bonicalzi, Vincenzo Central pain syndrome pathophysiology, diagnosis and management Central pain Pain physiopathology Pain therapy Central Nervous System injuries Central Nervous System Diseases physiopathology Schmerz (DE-588)4052823-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4052823-6 |
| title | Central pain syndrome pathophysiology, diagnosis and management |
| title_auth | Central pain syndrome pathophysiology, diagnosis and management |
| title_exact_search | Central pain syndrome pathophysiology, diagnosis and management |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Central pain syndrome pathophysiology, diagnosis and management |
| title_full | Central pain syndrome pathophysiology, diagnosis and management Sergio Canavero ; Vincenzo Bonicalzi |
| title_fullStr | Central pain syndrome pathophysiology, diagnosis and management Sergio Canavero ; Vincenzo Bonicalzi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Central pain syndrome pathophysiology, diagnosis and management Sergio Canavero ; Vincenzo Bonicalzi |
| title_short | Central pain syndrome |
| title_sort | central pain syndrome pathophysiology diagnosis and management |
| title_sub | pathophysiology, diagnosis and management |
| topic | Central pain Pain physiopathology Pain therapy Central Nervous System injuries Central Nervous System Diseases physiopathology Schmerz (DE-588)4052823-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Central pain Pain physiopathology Pain therapy Central Nervous System injuries Central Nervous System Diseases physiopathology Schmerz |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0664/2006023246-d.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0664/2006023246-t.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016229785&sequence=000008&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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