Fundamental neuroscience:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier, AP
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 1256 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780123740199 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fundamental neuroscience |c ed. by Larry Squire ... |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier, AP |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XX, 1256 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Neurosciences | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Neurowetenschappen |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nervous System Physiological Phenomena | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137215993839616 |
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| adam_text | Short C
1
NEUROSCIENCE
1. Fundamentals of Neuroscience 3
2. Basic Plan of the Nervous System 15
n
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR
NEUROSCIENCE
3. Cellular Components of Nervous Tissue 41
4 Subcellular Organization of the Nervous System:
Organelles and Their Functions 59
5. Electrotonic Properties of Axons and Dendrites 87
6. Membrane Potential and Action Potential 111
7. Neurotransmitters 133
8. Release of Neurotransmitters 157
9. Neurotransmitter Receptors 181
10. Intracellular Signaling 205
11. Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic
Integration 227
12. Complex Information Processing in Dendrites 247
13. Brain Energy Metabolism 271 .
HI
NERVOUS SYSTEM,
DEVELOPMENT
4.
14. Neural Induction and Pattern Formation 297
15. Cellular Determination 321
16. Neurogenesis and Migration 351
17. Growth Cones and Axon PatMnding 377
Contents
18. Target Selection, Topographic Maps, and Synapse
Formation 401
19. Programmed Cell Death and Neurotrophic
Factors 437
20. Synapse Elimination 469
21. Dendritic Development 491
22. Early Experience and Sensitive Periods 517
IV
SENSORY SYSTEMS
23. Fundamentals of Sensory Systems 535
24 Chemical Senses: Taste and Olfaction 549
25. Somatosensory System 581
26. Audition 609
27. Vision 637
V
MOTOR SYSTEMS
28. Fundamentals of Motor Systems 663
29. The Spinal and Peripheral Motor System 677
30. Descending Control of Movement 699
31. The Basal Ganglia 725
32. Cerebellum 751
33. Eye Movements 775
VI
REGULATORY SYSTEMS
34 The Hypothalamus: An Overview of Regulatory
Systems 795
Vi SHORT
35. Central Control of Autonomic Functions:
Organization of the Autonomic Nervous
System 807
36. Neural Regulation of the Cardiovascular
System 829
37. Neural Control of Breathing 855
38. Food Intake and Metabolism 873
39. Water Intake and Body Fluids 889
40. Neuroendocrine Systems 905
41. Circadian Timekeeping 931
42. Sleep, Dreaming, and Wakefulness 959
43. Reward, Motivation, and Addiction 987
CONTENTS
VII
BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE
NEUROSCIENCE
44 Human Brain Evolution 1019
45. Cognitive Development and Aging 1039
46. Visual Perception of Objects 1067
47. Spatial Cognition 1091
48. Attention 1113
49. Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms 1133
50. Learning and Memory: Brain Systems 1153
51. Language and Communication 1179
52. The Prefrontal Cortex and Executive Brain
Functions 1199
53. The Neuroscience of Consciousness 1223
f
FullC
Preface xv
About the Editors xvii
List of Contributors xix
I
NEUROSCIENCE
1. Fundamentals of Neuroscience
FLOYD E. BLOOM
A Brief History of Neuroscience 3
The Terminology of Nervous Systems Is Hierarchical,
Distributed, Descriptive, and Historically Based 3
Neurons and Glia Are Cellular Building Blocks of the
Nervous System 4
The Operative Processes of Nervous Systems Are also
Hierarchical 5
Cellular Organization of the Brain 6
Organization of this Text 7
This Book Is Intended for a Broad Range of Scholars of
the Neurosciences 8
Clinical Issues in the Neurosciences 8
The Spirit of Exploration Continues 9
The Genomic Inventory Is a Giant Step Forward 9
Neuroscience Today: A Communal Endeavor 10
The Creation of Knowledge 10
Responsible Conduct 11
Summary 13
References 13
2. Basic Plan of the Nervous System
LARRY W. SWANSON
Introduction 15
Evolution Highlights: General Organizing Principles 15
ontents
Development Reveals Basic Vertebrate Parts 22
The Basic Plan of Nervous System Connectivity 27
Overview of the Adult Mammalian Nervous
System 31
References 37
Suggested Readings 38
n
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR
NEUROSCIENCE
3. Cellular Components of
Nervous Tissue
PATRICK R. HOF, JEAN DE VELLIS, ESTHER A. NIMCHINSKY,
GRAHAME K1DD, LUZ CLAUDIO, AND BRUCE D. TRAPP
Neurons 41
Specific Examples of Different Neuronal Types 45
Neuroglia 47
Cerebral Vasculature 54
References 57
Suggested Readings 58
4. Subcellular Organization of the
Nervous System: Organelles and
Their Functions
SCOTT T. BRADY, DAVID R. COLMAN, AND PETER J. BROPHY
Axons and Dendrites: Unique Structural Components of
Neurons 59
Protein Synthesis in Nervous Tissue 63
Cytoskeletons of Neurons and dial Cells 70
Molecular Motors in the Nervous System 77
Building and Maintaining Nervous System Cells 80
References 85
vii
viii full cc
5. Electro tonic Properties of Axons and
Dendrites
GORDON M. SHEPHERD
Toward a Theory of Neuronal Information
Processing 87
Basic Tools: Cable Theory and Compartmental
Models 88
Spread of Steady State Signals 88
Spread of Transient Signals 93
Electrotonic Properties Underlying Propagation in
Axons 95
Electrotonic Spread in Dendrites 98
Dynamic Properties of Passive Electrotonic
Structure 101
Relating Passive to Active Potentials 106
References 108
6. Membrane Potential and
Action Potential
DAVID A. MCCORMICK
Membrane Potential 112
Action Potential 117
References 131
Suggested Readings 132
7. Neurotransmitters
ARIEL Y. DEUTCH AND ROBERT H. ROTH
Several Modes of Neuronal Communication
Exist 133
Chemical Transmission 134
Classical Neurotransmitters 136
Nonclassical Neurotransmitters 147
Peptide Transmitters 148
Unconventional Transmitters 149
Synaptic Transmission in Perspective 154
References 154
8. Release of Neurotransmitters
THOMAS L. SCHWARZ
Transmitter Release Is Quantal 157
Excitation—Secretion Coupling 160
Molecular Mechanisms of the Nerve
Terminal 163
Quantal Analysis: Probing Synaptic
Physiology 173
Short Term Synaptic Plasticity 176
References 180
Suggested Readings 180
3NTENTS
9. Neurotransmitter Receptors
M. NEAL WAXHAM
Ionotropic Receptors 181
G Protein Coupled Receptors 193
References 203
10. Intracellular Signaling
HOWARD SCHULMAN AND JAMES L. ROBERTS
Signaling Through G Protein Linked Receptors 205
Modulation of Neuronal Function by Protein Kinases and
Phosphatases 214
Intracellular Signaling Affects Nuclear Gene
Expression 222
References 226
Suggested Readings 226
11. Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic
Integration
JOHN H. BYRNE
Ionotropic Receptors: Mediators of Fast Excitatory and
Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials 227
Metabotropic Receptors: Mediators of Slow Synaptic
Potentials 239
Integration of Synaptic Potentials 242
References 245
Suggested Readings 245
12. Complex Information Processing in
Dendrites
GORDON M. SHEPHERD
Strategies for Studying Complex Dendrites 247
Building Principles Step by Step 248
An Axon Places Constraints on Dendritic
Processing 249
Dendrodendritic Interactions between Axonal Cells 250
Passive Dendritic Trees Can Perform Complex
Computations 251
Separation of Dendritic Fields Enhances Complex
Information Processing 252
Distal Dendrites Can be Closely Linked to Axonal
Output 253
Depolarizing and Hyperpolarizing Dendritic Conductances
Interact Dynamically 255
The Axon Hillock Initial Segment Encodes Global
Output 256
Multiple Impulse Initiation Sites Are under Dynamic
Control 256
Retrograde Impulse Spread into Dendrites Can have
Many Functions 258
FULLC
Examples of How Voltage gated Channels Enhance
Dendritic Information Processing 261
Dendritic Spines Are Multifunctional Microintegrative
Units 263
Summary: The Dendritic Tree as a Complex Information
Processing System 266
References 268
13. Brain Energy Metabolism
PIERRE]. MAGISTRETTI
Energy Metabolism of the Brain as a Whole Organ 271
Tight Coupling of Neuronal Activity, Blood Flow, and
Energy Metabolism 274
Energy Producing and Energy Consuming Processes in the
Brain 277
Brain Energy Metabolism at the Cellular Level 282
Glutamate and Nitrogen Metabolism: a Coordinated
Shuttle Between Astrocytes and Neurons 289
The Astrocyte Neuron Metabolic Unit 292
References 292
in
NERVOUS SYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT
14. Neural Induction and Pattern Formation
ANDREW LUMSDEN AND CHRIS KINTNER
Neural Induction 297
Early Neural Patterning 303
Regionalization of the Central Nervous System 307
Conclusions 318
References 319
15. Cellular Determination
WILLIAM A. HARRIS AND VOLKER HARTENSTEIN
Origins and Generation of Neuronal Progenitors 321
Spatial and Temporal Coordinates of Neuronal
Specification 323
The Proneural and Neurogenic Genes 326
Asymmetric Cell Division and Cell Fate 328
Central Neurons and Glia 330
Sensory Neurons of the Peripheral Nervous System 330
The Retina: a Collaboration of Intrinsic and Extrinsic
Cues 336
Combinatorial Coding in Motor Neurons
Determination 342
Cells of the Cerebral Cortex 344
Conclusions 348
References 348
ONTENTS ix
16. Neurogenesis and Migration
MARIANNE BRONNER FRASER AND MARY E. HATTEN
Introduction 351
Development of the Peripheral Nervous System 352
Cell Migration in the CNS 361
References 372
Suggested Readings 375
17. Growth Cones and Axon Pathfinding
ALEX L. KOLODKIN AND MARC TESSIER LAVIGNE
Growth Cones Are Actively Guided 377
Guidance Cues for Developing Axons 380
Guidance Cues and the Control of Cytoskeletal
Dynamics 391
Guidance at the Midline: Changing Responses to
Multiple Cues 395
References 399
18. Target Selection, Topographic Maps, and
Synapse Formation
STEVEN J. BURDEN, DENNIS D.M. O LEARY, AND
PETER SCHEIFFELE
Target Selection 401
Development of the Neuromuscular Synapse 416
Synapse Formation in the Central Nervous System 426
References 434
Suggested Readings 435
19. Programmed Cell Death and Neurotrophic
Factors
RONALD W. OPPENHEIM AND
CHRISTOPHER S. VON BARTHELD
Cell Death and the Neurotrophic Hypothesis 438
The Origins of Programmed Cell Death and its
Widespread Occurrence in the Developing Nervous
System 438
Functions of Neuronal Programmed Cell Death 444
Modes of Cell Death in Developing Neurons 445
The Mode of Neuronal Cell Death Reflects the
Activation of Distinct Biochemical and Molecular
Mechanisms 447
Nerve Growth Factor: The Prototype Target Derived
Neuronal Survival Factor 450
The Neurotrophin Family 452
Neurotrophin Receptors 453
Secretion and Axonal Transport of Neurotrophins and
Pro Neurotrophins 455
Signal Transduction Through TRK Receptors 457
Cytokines and Growth Factors have Multiple
Activities 458
X FULL O
Programmed Cell Death Is Regulated by Interactions with
Targets, Afferents, and Nonneuronal Cells 463
The Role of Programmed Cell Death in
Neuropathology 464
References 466
Suggested Readings 467
20. Synapse Elimination
JUAN C. TAPIA AND JEFF W. LICHTMAN
Overview 469
The Purpose of Synapse Elimination 472
A Structural Analysis of Synapse Elimination at The
Neuromuscular Junction 475
A Role for Interaxonal Competition and Activity 478
Is Synapse Elimination Strictly A Developmental
Phenomenon? 488
Summary 488
References 489
21. Dendritic Development
HOLLIS CLINE, ANIRVAN GHOSH, AND YUH NUNG JAN
Dynamics of Dendritic Arbor Development 491
Genetic Control of Dendrite Development in
Drosophila 492
Extracellular Regulation of Dendritic Development in
The Mammalian Brain 496
Effect of Experience on Dendritic Development 504
Mechanisms that Mediate Activity Dependent Dendritic
Growth 507
Convergence and Divergence 508
Conclusion 510
References 510
22. Early Experience and Sensitive Periods
ERIC I. KNUDSEN
Birdsong: Learned by Experience 517
Sound Localization: Calibrated by Early Experience in the
Owl 520
Principles of Developmental Learning 529
References 532
IV
SENSORY SYSTEMS
23. Fundamentals of Sensory Systems
STEWART H. HENDRY, STEVEN S. HSIAO, AND
M. CHRISTIAN BROWN
Sensation and Perception 535
Receptors 537
3NTENTS
Peripheral Organization and Processing 540
Central Pathways and Processing 542
Sensory Cortex 544
Summary 548
References 548
Suggested Readings 548
24. Chemical Senses: Taste
and Olfaction
KRISTIN SCOTT
Taste 549
Olfaction 560
Pheromone Detection 576
References 578
Suggested Readings 579
25. Somatosensory System
STEWART HENDRY AND STEVEN HSIAO
Peripheral Mechanisms of Somatic
Sensation 581
Nociception, Thermoreception, and
Itch 589
Cns Components of Somatic Sensation 592
Thalamic Mechanisms of Somatic
Sensation 598
The Path From Nociception to Pain 598
The Trigeminal System 602
Cortical Representation of Touch 604
References 607
Suggested Readings 608
26. Audition
M. CHRISTIAN BROWN AND JOSEPH SANTOS SACCHI
External and Middle Ear 609
The Cochlea 610
The Auditory Nerve 618
Central Nervous System 624
References 635
Suggested Readings 636
27. Vision
R. CLAY REID AND W. MARTIN USREY
Overview 637
The Eye and the Retina 639
The Retinogeniculocortical Pathway 649
References 658
Suggested Readings 659
FULLC
V
MOTOR SYSTEMS
28. Fundamentals of Motor Systems
STEN GRILLNER
Basic Components of the Motor System 665
Motor Programs Coordinate Basic Motor Patterns 667
Roles of Different Parts of the Nervous System in the
Control of Movement 668
Conclusion 676
References 676
29. The Spinal and Peripheral Motor System
MARY KAY FLOETER AND GEORGE Z. MENTIS
Locomotion is a Cycle 677
Connecting the Spinal Cord to the Periphery 680
Spinal Interneuron Networks 686
Descending Control of Spinal Circuits 693
Sensory Modulation 693
References 697
Suggested Readings 697
30. Descending Control of Movement
MARC H. SCHIEBER AND JAMES F. BAKER
The Medial Postural System 699
The Lateral Voluntary System 710
Summary 723
References 724
31. The Basal Ganglia
JONATHAN W. MINK
Basal Ganglia Anatomy 725
Signaling in Basal Ganglia 734
The Effect of Basal Ganglia Damage on Movement 737
Fundamental Principles of Basal Ganglia Operation for
Motor Control 742
Basal Ganglia Participation in Nonmotor
Functions 744
References 749
Suggested Readings 750
32. Cerebellum
MICHAEL D. MAUK AND W. THOMAS THACH
Anatomy and Phylogenetic Development of the
Cerebellum 751
Assessing Cerebellar Function 758
References 770
ONTENTS Xi
33. Eye Movements
RICHARD J. KRAUZLIS
Eye Movements are Used to Stabilize Gaze or to Shift
Gaze 775
The Mechanics of Moving the Eyes 778
The Fundamental Circuits for Stabilizing Gaze 780
The Commands for Shifting Gaze are Formed in the
Brain Stem 782
Gaze Shifts are Controlled by the Midbrain and
Forebrain 785
The Control of Gaze Shifts Involves Higher Order
Processes 788
The Control of Eye Movements Changes Over Time 790
Conclusions 791
References 792
Suggested Readings 792
VI
REGULATORY SYSTEMS
34. The Hypothalamus: An Overview of
Regulatory Systems
J. PATRICK CARD, LARRY W. SWANSON, AND
ROBERT Y. MOORE
Historical Perspective 795
Hypothalamic Cytoarchitecture 796
Functional Organization of the Hypothalamus 797
Effector Systems of the Hypothalamus are Hormonal and
Synaptic 800
References 805
Suggested Readings 806
35. Central Control of Autonomic Functions:
Organization of the Autonomic
Nervous System
TERRY L. POWLEY
Sympathetic Division: Organized to Mobilize the Body for
Activity 809
Parasympathetic Division: Organized for Energy
Conservation 812
The Enteric Division of the ANS: The Nerve Net Found
in the Walls of Visceral Organs 816
Ans Pharmacology: Transmitter and Receptor
Coding 816
Autonomic Coordination of Homeostasis 819
Hierarchically Organized ANS Circuits in the CNS 823
Perspective: Future of the Autonomic Nervous
System 825
Summary and General Conclusions 827
xii fuli
References 827
Suggested Readings 828
36. Neural Regulation of the
Cardiovascular System
JOHN LONGHURST
An Anatomical Framework 829
Anatomy and Chemical Properties of Autonomic
Pathways 834
Network Generators 837
Short Term Control Mechanisms 838
Reflex Control of the Cardiovascular System 838
Arterial Baroreceptors 838
Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors 844
Cardiac Receptors 847
Abdominal Visceral Reflexes 849
References 852
37. Neural Control of Breathing
JACK L. FELDMAN AND DONALD R. MCCRIMMON
Early Neuroscience and the Brain Stem 855
Central Nervous System and Breathing 856
Where are the Neurons Generating Respiratory
Pattern? 857
Discharge Patterns of Respiratory Neurons 859
Where are the Neurons that Generate the Breathing
Rhythm? 862
Sensory Inputs and Altered Breathing 865
Mechanoreceptors in the Lungs Adjust Breathing Pattern
and Initiate Protective Reflexes 867
Modulation and Plasticity of Respiratory Motor
Output 868
Suprapontine Structures and Breathing 870
References 872
38. Food Intake and Metabolism
STEPHEN C. WOODS AND EDWARD M. STRICKER
Caloric Homeostasis 873
Role of Caloric Homeostasis in Control of Food
Intake 875
Central Control of Food Intake 882
Neuropeptides and the Control of Food Intake 884
References 888
Suggested Readings 888
39. Water Intake and Body Fluids
EDWARD M. STRICKER AND JOSEPH G. VERBAL1S
Body Fluid Physiology 889
Osmotic Homeostasis 890
Volume Homeostasis 898
L CONTENTS
References 902
Suggested Readings 903
40. Neuroendocrine Systems
ANDREA C. GORE
The Hypothalamus Is a Neuroendocrine Organ 905
Hypothalamic Releasing/Inhibiting Hormones and their
Targets 906
The Hypothalamic Adenohypophysial Neuroendocrine
Systems 909
The Hypothalamic Neurohypophysial Systems 925
Hormones and the Brain 926
References 929
41. Circadian Timekeeping
DAVID R. WEAVER AND STEVEN M. REPPERT
Overview of the Mammalian Circadian Timing
System 931
The Suprachiasmatic Nuclei Are the Site of the Primary
Circadian Pacemaker in Mammals 933
A Hierarchy of Cell Autonomous Circadian
Oscillators 934
The Molecular Basis for Circadian Oscillation Is a
Transcriptional Feedback Loop 936
Circadian Photoreception 943
Circadian Output Mechanisms 949
Diversity of Output Pathways Leading to Physiological
Rhythms 950
General Summary 955
References 956
Suggested Readings 957
42. Sleep, Dreaming, and Wakefulness
EDWARD F. PACE SCHOTT, ]• ALLAN HOBSON AND
ROBERT STICKGOLD
The Two States of Sleep: Rapid Eye Movement and
Nonrapid Eye Movement 959
Sleep in the Modern Era of Neuroscience 962
Anatomy and Physiology of Brain Stem Regulatory
Systems 965
Modeling the Control of Behavioral State 975
Sleep has Multiple Functions 980
References 982
Suggested Readings 985
43. Reward, Motivation, and Addiction
GEORGE F. KOOB, BARRY J. EVERITT, AND
TREVOR W. ROBBINS
Reward and Motivation 987
Addiction 999
References 1014
FUL
VII
BEHAVIORAL and COGNITIVE
NEUROSCIENCE
44 Human Brain Evolution
JON H. KAAS AND TODD M. PREUSS
Evolutionary and Comparative Principles 1019
Evolution of Primate Brains 1027
Why Brain Size Is Important 1034
Conclusions 1036
References 1037
Suggested Readings 1037
45. Cognitive Development and Aging
PETER R. RAPP AND JOCELYNE BACHEVALIER
Brain Development 1039
Cognitive Development and Aging: A Life Span
Perspective 1043
Pathological Processes In Cognitive Development and
Aging 1055
References 1065
Suggested Readings 1066
46. Visual Perception of Objects
LUIZ PESSOA, ROGER B. H. TOOTELL, AND
LESLIE G. UNGERLEIDER
The Problem of Object Recognition 1067
Substrates for Object Perception and Recognition: Early
Evidence from Brain Damage 1068
Visual Pathways for Object Processing in Nonhuman
Primates 1071
Neuronal Properties Within the Object Recognition
Pathway 1074
Functional Neuroimaging and Electrophysiology of
Object Recognition in Humans 1080
Perception and Recognition of Specific Classes of
Objects 1083
Overall Summary 1088
References 1088
Suggested Readings 1089
47. Spatial Cognition
CAROL L. COLBY AND CARL R. OLSON
Neural Systems for Spatial Cognition 1091
Parietal Cortex 1092
Frontal Cortex 1102
Hippocampus and Adjacent Cortex 1107
Spatial Cognition and Spatial Action 1109
.1 CONTENTS xiii
References 1110
Suggested Readings 1111
48. Attention
JOHN H. REYNOLDS, JACQUELINE P. GOTTLIEB,
AND SABINE KASTNER
Introduction 1113
Varieties of Attention 1113
Neglect Syndrome: A Deficit of Spatial Attention 1114
Single Unit Recording Studies in Nonhuman Primates
Provide Convergent Evidence for A Fronto Parietal
Attentional Control System 1116
Attention Affects Neural Activity in the Human Visual
Cortex in the Presence and Absence of Visual
Stimulation 1121
Attention Increases Sensitivity and Boosts the Clarity of
Signals Generated by Neurons in Parts of the Visual
System Devoted to Processing Information about
Objects 1122
Attention Modulates Neural Responses in the Human
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus 1123
The Visual Search Paradigm has been Used to Study the
Role of Attention in Selecting Relevant Stimuli from
Within a Cluttered Visual Environment 1124
Where Is the Computational Bottleneck as Revealed by
Search Tasks? 1126
Neuronal Receptive Fields Are a Possible Neural
Correlate of Limited Capacity 1126
Competition Can Be Biased by Nonspatial
Feedback 1127
Filtering of Unwanted Information in Humans 1129
Conclusions 1130
References 1131
Suggested Read ings 1131
49. Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms
JOHN H. BYRNE
Paradigms have been Developed to Study Associative and
Nonassociative Learning 1133
Invertebrate Studies: Key Insights From Aplysia Into Basic
Mechanisms of Learning 1134
Vertebrate Studies: Long Term Potentiation 1140
Long Term Depression 1148
How Does a Change in Synaptic Strength Store a
Complex Memory? 1149
References 1151
Suggested Readings 1152
50. Learning and Memory: Brain Systems
JOSEPH R. MANNS AND HOWARD EICHENBAUM
Introduction 1153
History of Memory Systems 1153
xiv FULL O
Major Memory Systems of the Mammalian Brain 1156
Behavior Supported by Multiple Memory Systems 1174
Conclusion 1175
References 1175
Suggested Readings 1177
51. Language and Communication
DAVID N. CAPLAN AND JAMES L. GOULD
Animal Communication 1179
Human Language 1184
Conclusions 1196
References 1197
Suggested Readings 1198
52. The Prefrontal Cortex and Executive Brain
Functions
EARL MILLER AND JONATHAN WALLIS
Introduction 1199
Controlled Processing 1199
Anatomy and Organization of the Prefrontal
Cortex 1201
Effects of Damage to the Prefrontal Cortex in
Humans 1203
Neuroimaging Studies and PFC 1207
ONTENTS
Effects of Damage to the Prefrontal Cortex in
Monkeys 1208
Neurophysiology of the Prefrontal Cortex 1211
Theories of Prefrontal Cortex Function 1217
Further Readings 1221
References 1221
Suggested Readings 1221
53. Consciousness
CHRISTOF KOCH
What Phenomena Does Consciousness Encompass? 1224
The Neurobiology of Free Will 1224
Consciousness in Other Species 1225
Arousal and States of Consciousness 1225
The Neuronal Correlates of Consciousness 1228
The Neuronal Basis of Perceptual Illusions 1229
Other Perceptual Puzzles of Contemporary Interest 1231
Forward versus Feedback Projections 1232
An Information Theoretical Theory of
Consciousness 1233
Conclusion 1234
References 1234
Index 1237
|
| adam_txt |
Short C
1
NEUROSCIENCE
1. Fundamentals of Neuroscience 3
2. Basic Plan of the Nervous System 15
n
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR
NEUROSCIENCE
3. Cellular Components of Nervous Tissue 41
4 Subcellular Organization of the Nervous System:
Organelles and Their Functions 59
5. Electrotonic Properties of Axons and Dendrites 87
6. Membrane Potential and Action Potential 111
7. Neurotransmitters 133
8. Release of Neurotransmitters 157
9. Neurotransmitter Receptors 181
10. Intracellular Signaling 205
11. Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic
Integration 227
12. Complex Information Processing" in Dendrites 247
13. Brain Energy Metabolism 271 .
HI
NERVOUS SYSTEM,
DEVELOPMENT
4.
14. Neural Induction and Pattern Formation 297
15. Cellular Determination 321
16. Neurogenesis and Migration 351
17. Growth Cones and Axon PatMnding 377
Contents
18. Target Selection, Topographic Maps, and Synapse
Formation 401
19. Programmed Cell Death and Neurotrophic
Factors 437
20. Synapse Elimination 469
21. Dendritic Development 491
22. Early Experience and Sensitive Periods 517
IV
SENSORY SYSTEMS
23. Fundamentals of Sensory Systems 535
24 Chemical Senses: Taste and Olfaction 549
25. Somatosensory System 581
26. Audition 609
27. Vision 637
V
MOTOR SYSTEMS
28. Fundamentals of Motor Systems 663
29. The Spinal and Peripheral Motor System 677
30. Descending Control of Movement 699
31. The Basal Ganglia 725
32. Cerebellum 751
33. Eye Movements 775
VI
REGULATORY SYSTEMS
34 The Hypothalamus: An Overview of Regulatory
Systems 795
Vi SHORT
35. Central Control of Autonomic Functions:
Organization of the Autonomic Nervous
System 807
36. Neural Regulation of the Cardiovascular
System 829
37. Neural Control of Breathing 855
38. Food Intake and Metabolism 873
39. Water Intake and Body Fluids 889
40. Neuroendocrine Systems 905
41. Circadian Timekeeping 931
42. Sleep, Dreaming, and Wakefulness 959
43. Reward, Motivation, and Addiction 987
CONTENTS
VII
BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE
NEUROSCIENCE
44 Human Brain Evolution 1019
45. Cognitive Development and Aging 1039
46. Visual Perception of Objects 1067
47. Spatial Cognition 1091
48. Attention 1113
49. Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms 1133
50. Learning and Memory: Brain Systems 1153
51. Language and Communication 1179
52. The Prefrontal Cortex and Executive Brain
Functions 1199
53. The Neuroscience of Consciousness 1223
f
FullC
Preface xv
About the Editors xvii
List of Contributors xix
I
NEUROSCIENCE
1. Fundamentals of Neuroscience
FLOYD E. BLOOM
A Brief History of Neuroscience 3
The Terminology of Nervous Systems Is Hierarchical,
Distributed, Descriptive, and Historically Based 3
Neurons and Glia Are Cellular Building Blocks of the
Nervous System 4
The Operative Processes of Nervous Systems Are also
Hierarchical 5
Cellular Organization of the Brain 6
Organization of this Text 7
This Book Is Intended for a Broad Range of Scholars of
the Neurosciences 8
Clinical Issues in the Neurosciences 8
The Spirit of Exploration Continues 9
The Genomic Inventory Is a Giant Step Forward 9
Neuroscience Today: A Communal Endeavor 10
The Creation of Knowledge 10
Responsible Conduct 11
Summary 13
References 13
2. Basic Plan of the Nervous System
LARRY W. SWANSON
Introduction 15
Evolution Highlights: General Organizing Principles 15
ontents
Development Reveals Basic Vertebrate Parts 22
The Basic Plan of Nervous System Connectivity 27
Overview of the Adult Mammalian Nervous
System 31
References 37
Suggested Readings 38
n
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR
NEUROSCIENCE
3. Cellular Components of
Nervous Tissue
PATRICK R. HOF, JEAN DE VELLIS, ESTHER A. NIMCHINSKY,
GRAHAME K1DD, LUZ CLAUDIO, AND BRUCE D. TRAPP
Neurons 41
Specific Examples of Different Neuronal Types 45
Neuroglia 47
Cerebral Vasculature 54
References 57
Suggested Readings 58
4. Subcellular Organization of the
Nervous System: Organelles and
Their Functions
SCOTT T. BRADY, DAVID R. COLMAN, AND PETER J. BROPHY
Axons and Dendrites: Unique Structural Components of
Neurons 59
Protein Synthesis in Nervous Tissue 63
Cytoskeletons of Neurons and dial Cells 70
Molecular Motors in the Nervous System 77
Building and Maintaining Nervous System Cells 80
References 85
vii
viii full cc
5. Electro tonic Properties of Axons and
Dendrites
GORDON M. SHEPHERD
Toward a Theory of Neuronal Information
Processing 87
Basic Tools: Cable Theory and Compartmental
Models 88
Spread of Steady State Signals 88
Spread of Transient Signals 93
Electrotonic Properties Underlying Propagation in
Axons 95
Electrotonic Spread in Dendrites 98
Dynamic Properties of Passive Electrotonic
Structure 101
Relating Passive to Active Potentials 106
References 108
6. Membrane Potential and
Action Potential
DAVID A. MCCORMICK
Membrane Potential 112
Action Potential 117
References 131
Suggested Readings 132
7. Neurotransmitters
ARIEL Y. DEUTCH AND ROBERT H. ROTH
Several Modes of Neuronal Communication
Exist 133
Chemical Transmission 134
Classical Neurotransmitters 136
Nonclassical Neurotransmitters 147
Peptide Transmitters 148
Unconventional Transmitters 149
Synaptic Transmission in Perspective 154
References 154
8. Release of Neurotransmitters
THOMAS L. SCHWARZ
Transmitter Release Is Quantal 157
Excitation—Secretion Coupling 160
Molecular Mechanisms of the Nerve
Terminal 163
Quantal Analysis: Probing Synaptic
Physiology 173
Short Term Synaptic Plasticity 176
References 180
Suggested Readings 180
3NTENTS
9. Neurotransmitter Receptors
M. NEAL WAXHAM
Ionotropic Receptors 181
G Protein Coupled Receptors 193
References 203
10. Intracellular Signaling
HOWARD SCHULMAN AND JAMES L. ROBERTS
Signaling Through G Protein Linked Receptors 205
Modulation of Neuronal Function by Protein Kinases and
Phosphatases 214
Intracellular Signaling Affects Nuclear Gene
Expression 222
References 226
Suggested Readings 226
11. Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic
Integration
JOHN H. BYRNE
Ionotropic Receptors: Mediators of Fast Excitatory and
Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials 227
Metabotropic Receptors: Mediators of Slow Synaptic
Potentials 239
Integration of Synaptic Potentials 242
References 245
Suggested Readings 245
12. Complex Information Processing in
Dendrites
GORDON M. SHEPHERD
Strategies for Studying Complex Dendrites 247
Building Principles Step by Step 248
An Axon Places Constraints on Dendritic
Processing 249
Dendrodendritic Interactions between Axonal Cells 250
Passive Dendritic Trees Can Perform Complex
Computations 251
Separation of Dendritic Fields Enhances Complex
Information Processing 252
Distal Dendrites Can be Closely Linked to Axonal
Output 253
Depolarizing and Hyperpolarizing Dendritic Conductances
Interact Dynamically 255
The Axon Hillock Initial Segment Encodes Global
Output 256
Multiple Impulse Initiation Sites Are under Dynamic
Control 256
Retrograde Impulse Spread into Dendrites Can have
Many Functions 258
FULLC
Examples of How Voltage gated Channels Enhance
Dendritic Information Processing 261
Dendritic Spines Are Multifunctional Microintegrative
Units 263
Summary: The Dendritic Tree as a Complex Information
Processing System 266
References 268
13. Brain Energy Metabolism
PIERRE]. MAGISTRETTI
Energy Metabolism of the Brain as a Whole Organ 271
Tight Coupling of Neuronal Activity, Blood Flow, and
Energy Metabolism 274
Energy Producing and Energy Consuming Processes in the
Brain 277
Brain Energy Metabolism at the Cellular Level 282
Glutamate and Nitrogen Metabolism: a Coordinated
Shuttle Between Astrocytes and Neurons 289
The Astrocyte Neuron Metabolic Unit 292
References 292
in
NERVOUS SYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT
14. Neural Induction and Pattern Formation
ANDREW LUMSDEN AND CHRIS KINTNER
Neural Induction 297
Early Neural Patterning 303
Regionalization of the Central Nervous System 307
Conclusions 318
References 319
15. Cellular Determination
WILLIAM A. HARRIS AND VOLKER HARTENSTEIN
Origins and Generation of Neuronal Progenitors 321
Spatial and Temporal Coordinates of Neuronal
Specification 323
The Proneural and Neurogenic Genes 326
Asymmetric Cell Division and Cell Fate 328
Central Neurons and Glia 330
Sensory Neurons of the Peripheral Nervous System 330
The Retina: a Collaboration of Intrinsic and Extrinsic
Cues 336
Combinatorial Coding in Motor Neurons
Determination 342
Cells of the Cerebral Cortex 344
Conclusions 348
References 348
ONTENTS ix
16. Neurogenesis and Migration
MARIANNE BRONNER FRASER AND MARY E. HATTEN
Introduction 351
Development of the Peripheral Nervous System 352
Cell Migration in the CNS 361
References 372
Suggested Readings 375
17. Growth Cones and Axon Pathfinding
ALEX L. KOLODKIN AND MARC TESSIER LAVIGNE
Growth Cones Are Actively Guided 377
Guidance Cues for Developing Axons 380
Guidance Cues and the Control of Cytoskeletal
Dynamics 391
Guidance at the Midline: Changing Responses to
Multiple Cues 395
References 399
18. Target Selection, Topographic Maps, and
Synapse Formation
STEVEN J. BURDEN, DENNIS D.M. O'LEARY, AND
PETER SCHEIFFELE
Target Selection 401
Development of the Neuromuscular Synapse 416
Synapse Formation in the Central Nervous System 426
References 434
Suggested Readings 435
19. Programmed Cell Death and Neurotrophic
Factors
RONALD W. OPPENHEIM AND
CHRISTOPHER S. VON BARTHELD
Cell Death and the Neurotrophic Hypothesis 438
The Origins of Programmed Cell Death and its
Widespread Occurrence in the Developing Nervous
System 438
Functions of Neuronal Programmed Cell Death 444
Modes of Cell Death in Developing Neurons 445
The Mode of Neuronal Cell Death Reflects the
Activation of Distinct Biochemical and Molecular
Mechanisms 447
Nerve Growth Factor: The Prototype Target Derived
Neuronal Survival Factor 450
The Neurotrophin Family 452
Neurotrophin Receptors 453
Secretion and Axonal Transport of Neurotrophins and
Pro Neurotrophins 455
Signal Transduction Through TRK Receptors 457
Cytokines and Growth Factors have Multiple
Activities 458
X FULL O
Programmed Cell Death Is Regulated by Interactions with
Targets, Afferents, and Nonneuronal Cells 463
The Role of Programmed Cell Death in
Neuropathology 464
References 466
Suggested Readings 467
20. Synapse Elimination
JUAN C. TAPIA AND JEFF W. LICHTMAN
Overview 469
The Purpose of Synapse Elimination 472
A Structural Analysis of Synapse Elimination at The
Neuromuscular Junction 475
A Role for Interaxonal Competition and Activity 478
Is Synapse Elimination Strictly A Developmental
Phenomenon? 488
Summary 488
References 489
21. Dendritic Development
HOLLIS CLINE, ANIRVAN GHOSH, AND YUH NUNG JAN
Dynamics of Dendritic Arbor Development 491
Genetic Control of Dendrite Development in
Drosophila 492
Extracellular Regulation of Dendritic Development in
The Mammalian Brain 496
Effect of Experience on Dendritic Development 504
Mechanisms that Mediate Activity Dependent Dendritic
Growth 507
Convergence and Divergence 508
Conclusion 510
References 510
22. Early Experience and Sensitive Periods
ERIC I. KNUDSEN
Birdsong: Learned by Experience 517
Sound Localization: Calibrated by Early Experience in the
Owl 520
Principles of Developmental Learning 529
References 532
IV
SENSORY SYSTEMS
23. Fundamentals of Sensory Systems
STEWART H. HENDRY, STEVEN S. HSIAO, AND
M. CHRISTIAN BROWN
Sensation and Perception 535
Receptors 537
3NTENTS
Peripheral Organization and Processing 540
Central Pathways and Processing 542
Sensory Cortex 544
Summary 548
References 548
Suggested Readings 548
24. Chemical Senses: Taste
and Olfaction
KRISTIN SCOTT
Taste 549
Olfaction 560
Pheromone Detection 576
References 578
Suggested Readings 579
25. Somatosensory System
STEWART HENDRY AND STEVEN HSIAO
Peripheral Mechanisms of Somatic
Sensation 581
Nociception, Thermoreception, and
Itch 589
Cns Components of Somatic Sensation 592
Thalamic Mechanisms of Somatic
Sensation 598
The Path From Nociception to Pain 598
The Trigeminal System 602
Cortical Representation of Touch 604
References 607
Suggested Readings 608
26. Audition
M. CHRISTIAN BROWN AND JOSEPH SANTOS SACCHI
External and Middle Ear 609
The Cochlea 610
The Auditory Nerve 618
Central Nervous System 624
References 635
Suggested Readings 636
27. Vision
R. CLAY REID AND W. MARTIN USREY
Overview 637
The Eye and the Retina 639
The Retinogeniculocortical Pathway 649
References 658
Suggested Readings 659
FULLC
V
MOTOR SYSTEMS
28. Fundamentals of Motor Systems
STEN GRILLNER
Basic Components of the Motor System 665
Motor Programs Coordinate Basic Motor Patterns 667
Roles of Different Parts of the Nervous System in the
Control of Movement 668
Conclusion 676
References 676
29. The Spinal and Peripheral Motor System
MARY KAY FLOETER AND GEORGE Z. MENTIS
Locomotion is a Cycle 677
Connecting the Spinal Cord to the Periphery 680
Spinal Interneuron Networks 686
Descending Control of Spinal Circuits 693
Sensory Modulation 693
References 697
Suggested Readings 697
30. Descending Control of Movement
MARC H. SCHIEBER AND JAMES F. BAKER
The Medial Postural System 699
The Lateral Voluntary System 710
Summary 723
References 724
31. The Basal Ganglia
JONATHAN W. MINK
Basal Ganglia Anatomy 725
Signaling in Basal Ganglia 734
The Effect of Basal Ganglia Damage on Movement 737
Fundamental Principles of Basal Ganglia Operation for
Motor Control 742
Basal Ganglia Participation in Nonmotor
Functions 744
References 749
Suggested Readings 750
32. Cerebellum
MICHAEL D. MAUK AND W. THOMAS THACH
Anatomy and Phylogenetic Development of the
Cerebellum 751
Assessing Cerebellar Function 758
References 770
ONTENTS Xi
33. Eye Movements
RICHARD J. KRAUZLIS
Eye Movements are Used to Stabilize Gaze or to Shift
Gaze 775
The Mechanics of Moving the Eyes 778
The Fundamental Circuits for Stabilizing Gaze 780
The Commands for Shifting Gaze are Formed in the
Brain Stem 782
Gaze Shifts are Controlled by the Midbrain and
Forebrain 785
The Control of Gaze Shifts Involves Higher Order
Processes 788
The Control of Eye Movements Changes Over Time 790
Conclusions 791
References 792
Suggested Readings 792
VI
REGULATORY SYSTEMS
34. The Hypothalamus: An Overview of
Regulatory Systems
J. PATRICK CARD, LARRY W. SWANSON, AND
ROBERT Y. MOORE
Historical Perspective 795
Hypothalamic Cytoarchitecture 796
Functional Organization of the Hypothalamus 797
Effector Systems of the Hypothalamus are Hormonal and
Synaptic 800
References 805
Suggested Readings 806
35. Central Control of Autonomic Functions:
Organization of the Autonomic
Nervous System
TERRY L. POWLEY
Sympathetic Division: Organized to Mobilize the Body for
Activity 809
Parasympathetic Division: Organized for Energy
Conservation 812
The Enteric Division of the ANS: The Nerve Net Found
in the Walls of Visceral Organs 816
Ans Pharmacology: Transmitter and Receptor
Coding 816
Autonomic Coordination of Homeostasis 819
Hierarchically Organized ANS Circuits in the CNS 823
Perspective: Future of the Autonomic Nervous
System 825
Summary and General Conclusions 827
xii fuli
References 827
Suggested Readings 828
36. Neural Regulation of the
Cardiovascular System
JOHN LONGHURST
An Anatomical Framework 829
Anatomy and Chemical Properties of Autonomic
Pathways 834
Network Generators 837
Short Term Control Mechanisms 838
Reflex Control of the Cardiovascular System 838
Arterial Baroreceptors 838
Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors 844
Cardiac Receptors 847
Abdominal Visceral Reflexes 849
References 852
37. Neural Control of Breathing
JACK L. FELDMAN AND DONALD R. MCCRIMMON
Early Neuroscience and the Brain Stem 855
Central Nervous System and Breathing 856
Where are the Neurons Generating Respiratory
Pattern? 857
Discharge Patterns of Respiratory Neurons 859
Where are the Neurons that Generate the Breathing
Rhythm? 862
Sensory Inputs and Altered Breathing 865
Mechanoreceptors in the Lungs Adjust Breathing Pattern
and Initiate Protective Reflexes 867
Modulation and Plasticity of Respiratory Motor
Output 868
Suprapontine Structures and Breathing 870
References 872
38. Food Intake and Metabolism
STEPHEN C. WOODS AND EDWARD M. STRICKER
Caloric Homeostasis 873
Role of Caloric Homeostasis in Control of Food
Intake 875
Central Control of Food Intake 882
Neuropeptides and the Control of Food Intake 884
References 888
Suggested Readings 888
39. Water Intake and Body Fluids
EDWARD M. STRICKER AND JOSEPH G. VERBAL1S
Body Fluid Physiology 889
Osmotic Homeostasis 890
Volume Homeostasis 898
L CONTENTS
References 902
Suggested Readings 903
40. Neuroendocrine Systems
ANDREA C. GORE
The Hypothalamus Is a Neuroendocrine Organ 905
Hypothalamic Releasing/Inhibiting Hormones and their
Targets 906
The Hypothalamic Adenohypophysial Neuroendocrine
Systems 909
The Hypothalamic Neurohypophysial Systems 925
Hormones and the Brain 926
References 929
41. Circadian Timekeeping
DAVID R. WEAVER AND STEVEN M. REPPERT
Overview of the Mammalian Circadian Timing
System 931
The Suprachiasmatic Nuclei Are the Site of the Primary
Circadian Pacemaker in Mammals 933
A Hierarchy of Cell Autonomous Circadian
Oscillators 934
The Molecular Basis for Circadian Oscillation Is a
Transcriptional Feedback Loop 936
Circadian Photoreception 943
Circadian Output Mechanisms 949
Diversity of Output Pathways Leading to Physiological
Rhythms 950
General Summary 955
References 956
Suggested Readings 957
42. Sleep, Dreaming, and Wakefulness
EDWARD F. PACE SCHOTT, ]• ALLAN HOBSON AND
ROBERT STICKGOLD
The Two States of Sleep: Rapid Eye Movement and
Nonrapid Eye Movement 959
Sleep in the Modern Era of Neuroscience 962
Anatomy and Physiology of Brain Stem Regulatory
Systems 965
Modeling the Control of Behavioral State 975
Sleep has Multiple Functions 980
References 982
Suggested Readings 985
43. Reward, Motivation, and Addiction
GEORGE F. KOOB, BARRY J. EVERITT, AND
TREVOR W. ROBBINS
Reward and Motivation 987
Addiction 999
References 1014
FUL
VII
BEHAVIORAL and COGNITIVE
NEUROSCIENCE
44 Human Brain Evolution
JON H. KAAS AND TODD M. PREUSS
Evolutionary and Comparative Principles 1019
Evolution of Primate Brains 1027
Why Brain Size Is Important 1034
Conclusions 1036
References 1037
Suggested Readings 1037
45. Cognitive Development and Aging
PETER R. RAPP AND JOCELYNE BACHEVALIER
Brain Development 1039
Cognitive Development and Aging: A Life Span
Perspective 1043
Pathological Processes In Cognitive Development and
Aging 1055
References 1065
Suggested Readings 1066
46. Visual Perception of Objects
LUIZ PESSOA, ROGER B. H. TOOTELL, AND
LESLIE G. UNGERLEIDER
The Problem of Object Recognition 1067
Substrates for Object Perception and Recognition: Early
Evidence from Brain Damage 1068
Visual Pathways for Object Processing in Nonhuman
Primates 1071
Neuronal Properties Within the Object Recognition
Pathway 1074
Functional Neuroimaging and Electrophysiology of
Object Recognition in Humans 1080
Perception and Recognition of Specific Classes of
Objects 1083
Overall Summary 1088
References 1088
Suggested Readings 1089
47. Spatial Cognition
CAROL L. COLBY AND CARL R. OLSON
Neural Systems for Spatial Cognition 1091
Parietal Cortex 1092
Frontal Cortex 1102
Hippocampus and Adjacent Cortex 1107
Spatial Cognition and Spatial Action 1109
.1 CONTENTS xiii
References 1110
Suggested Readings 1111
48. Attention
JOHN H. REYNOLDS, JACQUELINE P. GOTTLIEB,
AND SABINE KASTNER
Introduction 1113
Varieties of Attention 1113
Neglect Syndrome: A Deficit of Spatial Attention 1114
Single Unit Recording Studies in Nonhuman Primates
Provide Convergent Evidence for A Fronto Parietal
Attentional Control System 1116
Attention Affects Neural Activity in the Human Visual
Cortex in the Presence and Absence of Visual
Stimulation 1121
Attention Increases Sensitivity and Boosts the Clarity of
Signals Generated by Neurons in Parts of the Visual
System Devoted to Processing Information about
Objects 1122
Attention Modulates Neural Responses in the Human
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus 1123
The Visual Search Paradigm has been Used to Study the
Role of Attention in Selecting Relevant Stimuli from
Within a Cluttered Visual Environment 1124
Where Is the Computational Bottleneck as Revealed by
Search Tasks? 1126
Neuronal Receptive Fields Are a Possible Neural
Correlate of Limited Capacity 1126
Competition Can Be Biased by Nonspatial
Feedback 1127
Filtering of Unwanted Information in Humans 1129
Conclusions 1130
References 1131
Suggested Read ings 1131
49. Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms
JOHN H. BYRNE
Paradigms have been Developed to Study Associative and
Nonassociative Learning 1133
Invertebrate Studies: Key Insights From Aplysia Into Basic
Mechanisms of Learning 1134
Vertebrate Studies: Long Term Potentiation 1140
Long Term Depression 1148
How Does a Change in Synaptic Strength Store a
Complex Memory? 1149
References 1151
Suggested Readings 1152
50. Learning and Memory: Brain Systems
JOSEPH R. MANNS AND HOWARD EICHENBAUM
Introduction 1153
History of Memory Systems 1153
xiv FULL O
Major Memory Systems of the Mammalian Brain 1156
Behavior Supported by Multiple Memory Systems 1174
Conclusion 1175
References 1175
Suggested Readings 1177
51. Language and Communication
DAVID N. CAPLAN AND JAMES L. GOULD
Animal Communication 1179
Human Language 1184
Conclusions 1196
References 1197
Suggested Readings 1198
52. The Prefrontal Cortex and Executive Brain
Functions
EARL MILLER AND JONATHAN WALLIS
Introduction 1199
Controlled Processing 1199
Anatomy and Organization of the Prefrontal
Cortex 1201
Effects of Damage to the Prefrontal Cortex in
Humans 1203
Neuroimaging Studies and PFC 1207
ONTENTS
Effects of Damage to the Prefrontal Cortex in
Monkeys 1208
Neurophysiology of the Prefrontal Cortex 1211
Theories of Prefrontal Cortex Function 1217
Further Readings 1221
References 1221
Suggested Readings 1221
53. Consciousness
CHRISTOF KOCH
What Phenomena Does Consciousness Encompass? 1224
The Neurobiology of Free Will 1224
Consciousness in Other Species 1225
Arousal and States of Consciousness 1225
The Neuronal Correlates of Consciousness 1228
The Neuronal Basis of Perceptual Illusions 1229
Other Perceptual Puzzles of Contemporary Interest 1231
Forward versus Feedback Projections 1232
An Information Theoretical Theory of
Consciousness 1233
Conclusion 1234
References 1234
Index 1237 |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV022966488 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:06:51Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:08:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780123740199 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016170796 |
| oclc_num | 190867431 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-11 DE-578 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-11 DE-578 |
| physical | XX, 1256 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Elsevier, AP |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Fundamental neuroscience ed. by Larry Squire ... 3. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier, AP 2008 XX, 1256 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Neurosciences Neurowetenschappen gtt Nervous System Physiological Phenomena Neurophysiologie (DE-588)4041897-2 gnd rswk-swf Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Neurophysiologie (DE-588)4041897-2 s DE-604 Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 s Squire, Larry R. 1941- Sonstige (DE-588)135874505 oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016170796&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fundamental neuroscience Neurosciences Neurowetenschappen gtt Nervous System Physiological Phenomena Neurophysiologie (DE-588)4041897-2 gnd Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4041897-2 (DE-588)4135740-1 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Fundamental neuroscience |
| title_auth | Fundamental neuroscience |
| title_exact_search | Fundamental neuroscience |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Fundamental neuroscience |
| title_full | Fundamental neuroscience ed. by Larry Squire ... |
| title_fullStr | Fundamental neuroscience ed. by Larry Squire ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamental neuroscience ed. by Larry Squire ... |
| title_short | Fundamental neuroscience |
| title_sort | fundamental neuroscience |
| topic | Neurosciences Neurowetenschappen gtt Nervous System Physiological Phenomena Neurophysiologie (DE-588)4041897-2 gnd Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Neurosciences Neurowetenschappen Nervous System Physiological Phenomena Neurophysiologie Neuropsychologie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016170796&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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