Sejmi na Celjskem v 19. in prvi polovici 20. stoletja:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Slovenian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Celje
Zgodovinski Arhiv
2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T. Fairs in Celje and its surroundings in the 19. and the first half of the 20. entury |
| Beschreibung: | 200 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9616448145 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T. Fairs in Celje and its surroundings in the 19. and the first half of the 20. entury | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1800-1950 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Messe |g Wirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4074745-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Messe |g Wirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4074745-1 |D s |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137199595159552 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Vsebina
1
UVOD
.........................................................................................................................................7
2
LIBERALIZACIJA NOTRANJE TRGOVINE
.................................................................9
3
SPLOŠNE UREDBE
IN
ZAKONODAJA GLEDE SEJMOV
....................................13
4
PODELJEVANJE
IN
PRIDOBITEV SEJEMSKIH KONCESIJ
...............................21
4.1
Stanje letnih
in
živinskih sejmov
v celjskem
okrožju leta
1848..........24
4.2
Prizadevanja za sejemske privilegije
..............................................................32
4.2.1
Konjice
.........................................................................................................32
4.2.2
NovaCerkev
..............................................................................................38
4.2.3
Vojnik
...........................................................................................................39
4.2.4
Lemberg
.......................................................................................................42
4.2.5
Teharje
.........................................................................................................43
4.2.6
Prošnja za obnovitev sejemskegaprivilegija, ukinjenega
zaradi
neplácané
privilegijske takse
..............................................44
4.2.7
Sevnica
........................................................................................................46
4.2.8
Sejem obproščenju na Svetih Gorah
..............................................50
4.2.9
Žalec
..............................................................................................................52
4.2.10
Tabor
............................................................................................................52
4.2.11
Vransko
........................................................................................................54
4.2.12
Zavrnitev sejemskega privilegija
.....................................................55
5
SEJEMSKE PRISTOJBINE
................................................................................................59
5.1
Upravičenci do stojnin
.........................................................................................63
5.2
Odklonitev plačevanja stojnin
..........................................................................73
5.3
Zakup pobiranja stojnine na letnih
in
živinskih sejmih
........................75
5.4
Namenska uporaba stojnin
................................................................................77
6
SEJEMSKI PROSTOR
.........................................................................................................80
6.1
Sejemski prostor za živinske
sejme
................................................................80
6.1.1
Določitev novegaprostora za živinski sejem
v
trgu
Laško sredi
19.
stoletja
..........................................................................81
6.1.2
Prestavitev sejemskega prostora za živinske
sejme
izven trga Žalec
.......................................................................................85
6.1.3
Sejemski prostor za živinske
sejme v
obcinak
Lemberg, Planina pri Sevnici, Podsreda, Podčetrtek,
Pilštanj, Šentjur
......................................................................................86
6.2
Sejemski prostor za kramarske
sejme
...........................................................88
6.2.1
Sejemski prostor za kramarske
sejme
na Vramkem
...............88
6.2.2
Kramarski
sejmi v
Podsredi
...............................................................89
6.2 3
Kramarski
sejmi v Mozir/u
.................................................................90
7
SMISELNOST
OBSTOJA
VELIKEGA ŠTEVILA SEJMOV
V
DEŽELI
KONEC
19.
STOLETJA
.......................................................................................................92
8
PONOVNA OŽIVITEV SEJMARJENJA PO KONCU I. SVETOVNE VOJNE
„95
9
KROŠNJARJENJE
..............................................................................................................100
10
REŠEVANJE SEJEMSKIH
SPOROV
............................................................................103
11
PRILOŽNOSTNI ZASLUŽKI
.........................................................................................104
12
CENE
......................................................................................................................................105
13
SEJEMSKA DEJAVNOST
V
CELJU
...............................................................................113
13.1
Sejmi
v mestu
Celje od
15.
do
19.
stoletja
..................................................115
13.2
Vpeljava drugega tedenskega sejma
v mestu..........................................
118
13.2.1
Sejemski red za tedenske
sejme v
Celju
z dne
12.
oktobra
1812......................................................................120
13.3
Vpeljava mesečnih živinskih sejmov
in vprašanje
izvajanj
svinjskih sejmov
..................................................................................................124
13.4
Sejemski
redi za mesto
Celje
..........................................................................128
13.4.1
Sejemski red za
letne
in
živinske
sejme.....................................
128
13.4.2
Sejemski red za
letne
oz. kramarske
sejme
...............................130
13.4.3
Sejemski red za živinske
sejme
......................................................133
13.4.4
Sejemski
red za
tedenske sejme
.....................................................134
13.5
Tržne
pristojbine
..................................................................................................141
13.6
Rezervacije sejemskega
prostora
..................................................................150
13.7
Mestna
tržna uprava...........................................................................................
153
13.8
Ureditev stojnic za
prodajo življenjskih
potrebščin
in problem
pomanjkanja
tržnega prostora na Glavnem
trgu
.................................156
13-9
Prodaja
mesa in
mesnih izdelkov na stojnicah na Glavnem trgu
..lói
13.10
Prodaja divjačine
in rib
.....................................................................................165
13.11
Nabava
in
prodaja božičnih drevesc
...........................................................
I66
13.12
Prodajni čas sadjarjev
in
kmetov na tedenskih sejmih
.......................
I68
13.13
Ravnanje mestne policije pri nadzorovanju trgov
.................................171
13.14
Prometni režim na Glavnem trgu
v času
sejmov
..................................172
13.15
Kronološki pregled sejemskega dogajanja
v
Celju
...............................174
13.15.1
Kramarski
sejmi
....................................................................................174
13.15.2
Živinski
sejmi
..........................................................................................
17б
13.15.3
Tedenski sejmi
.......................................................................................181
13.16
Cene..........................................................................................................................
187
14
GOSPODARSKE
IN
OBRTNE RAZSTAVE
V
CELJU OD 60. LET
19.
STOLETJA DO LETA
1941......................................................................................193
ZAKLJUČEK
...............................................................................................................................207
SEZNAM
UPORABLJENIH VIROV
IN
LITERATURE:
................................................214
FAIRS IN
CELJE
AND ITS SUROUNDINGS IN THE 19TH
AND
THE FIRST
HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY (SUMMARY)
....................................
2іб
FAIRS IN
CELJE
AND ITS SUROUNDINGS IN THE 19THAND
THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY (SUMMARY)
In the 19th century, all fairs held in the land were regulated by means of laws
and regulations issued by the provincial authorities. More detailed provisions
regarding fairs and market days were stipulated in the craftsmen s statutes,
which were published from the 1830s onwards.
Concessions for annual, livestock and weekly fairs were issued in
Styria
by
the provincial authorities. Up until the mid-19th century, this was the Styrian
Gouvernement in Graz.
Following the events of
1848,
however, which brought
with them a total reorganisation of the state administration and introduced a
new administrative order, the Provincial Governorship in
Graz,
of which the
Ministry of the Interior became a subordinate office, took the place of the
Gou¬
vernement
in the beginning of
1850.
In the period between WWI and WWII,
permits for fairs and market days were issued by the Ban after a hearing of
the Chamber of Commerce. By issuing permits for new fairs, the provincial
authorities hoped to promote the economic development of the market towns
and cities and their surroundings.
Permits for fairs were issued if the local and economic conditions in the prov¬
ince indicated that a fair would be advantageous. In issuing permits, account
was taken of the number of already approved fairs in a given municipality
and the surrounding municipalities. Another important factor was the stipu¬
lations regarding the prescribed distances between market towns and the req¬
uisite time intervals between one fair and the next. In the 19th century, the
accepted norm was the provision that any two towns entitled to hold fair
s
must
be at least two days walking distance from each other and that an interval of
from fourteen days to three weeks must be observed between one fair and the
next. In the period between WWI and WWII, permits for fairs were not issued
to towns if a fair had taken place or was to take place in any other town in
the region within a radius of
20
km of the town requesting the permit, or on
the same day or during a period of
15
days preceding or following the date for
which the permit was requested.
The year
1836
brought a change in the issuing of concessions: market and
fair privileges were no longer issued to the local gentry, but only to the indi¬
vidual municipalities that wished to hold them. As holders of the rights to this
privilege, municipalities were also under the obligation to pay all the taxes
pursuant to the privilege conferred. The taxation sum for the issue of a privi¬
lege charter depended on the amount of fairs approved. In addition to this, the
provincial authorities also levied a charge for notarization (affixing the seal)
and a charter tax as well as the cost of postage.
216
In compliance with the general provincial or state legislation in effect at the
time, municipalities were also under obligation to elaborate their own Rules
and Fairground and Market Regulations for tradesman s, livestock and weekly
fairs. In addition to the general conditions, these also had to take into account
local economic and social circumstances.
At the fairs, fees were levied on vendors (booth tax) for the use of fairground
space or booths, scales and other equipment. The booth tax was levied as com¬
pensation for the use of the site, possible damages caused to the property and
for supervision of the fairground activities. These fairground rates had to be
publicly announced and of course ratified by the higher (provincial) authori¬
ties. Every municipality was under the obligation to compile its own list of
rates.
Livestock and tradesman s fairs were usually held at the same time, but in
separate areas. Livestock fairs could only be held in areas that were arranged
in keeping with all the regulations, and such locations had to be ratified by
the administrative authorities. The fair site had to be in a suitable geographic
location (outside the town
oron
its periphery), with the proper layout ensured.
The site had to be fenced in and divided into separate areas for each type of
livestock. Water in the vicinity was a must as well as cattle scales, and a special
enclosure for horses to show off their paces.
The central exhibition area for the tradesman s fairs was usually located in the
main squares and on the main access roads (Mozirje, Velenje, Rogatec, Vitanje,
Podčetrtek, Žalec)
or at the crossroads of such roads
(Celje, Lašho, Slovenske
Konjice, Šoštanj).
If the road was wide enough, there were stalls on either side,
otherwise they would line only one side. The stalls were not allowed to obstruct
entrances into hous.es. Potters, blacksmiths and coopers usually simply arrayed
their heavy wares on the ground, while other vendors hired tables off the lo¬
cal inhabitants or brought portable shelves and canvas tarpaulitts ivith them.
Space permitting, the stalls at these fairs were set up so that vendors selling the
same wares were grouped together. According to the rules, wagons had to be
removed from the fairground once the goods they were delivering had been
unloaded so as not to obstruct the fairgoers passage between the stalls.
Annual fairs were not permitted to go on for more than three days. This was
never a problem in the
Celje
area though, as none of the municipalities took
advantage of the full permissible timespan and the tradesman s fairs limited
themselves to one day s activities only. These also differed from the weekly fairs
in their aim to reach a broader segment of the population and the quantity
and variety of goods they had to offer.
The fairs held on parish festivals were aimed at pilgrims who would gather
for special services at churches in pilgrimage places. The majority of goods at
217
these
fairs were holy effigies, rosaries and other religious items, while leather-
work and hawker s wares constituted the lesser part of the items on offer.
The number of visitors to these fairs naturally depended on the weather. Since
they took place outdoors, people, livestock and goods alike were exposed to the
elements. Bad weather had a detrimental effect on sales, while good weather,
on the other hand, meant increased trade.
At the end of the 19th century the number affairs was considerable, despite the
fact that some requests for concessions were denied. Yet even though the live¬
stock fairs had a positive influence on the development of animal husbandry
and the tradesman s fairs actually offered the local
tradespersons
competition,
doubts began to crop up as to the point of the existence of all these fairs in the
land.
As regards the annual frequency of fairs, the largest number took place from
March to July. There were few fairs in the winter months (December, January,
February), since, owing to the poor and slippery roads, fairs were not very well
attended at this time of the year. Of the summer months, August was the least
popular, while June and July had approximately the same number of market
days. In autumn the largest number of fairs took place in September, followed
by November and then October. In very rural areas the autumn fairs received
the most visitors. Farmers sold fattened livestock and other agricultural pro¬
duce and bought sturdy shoes, warm clothes and blankets to tide them over the
winter. Textile goods, lighter footwear and certain pottery items sold well prior
to Easter. In some regions, the tailors who sold their wares at markets sewed
trousers and jackets from coarse and durable cotton cloth and
loden
green
almost exclusively for sale at fairs.
Which type of fair was more important to the inhabitants of various regions
depended on the geographic location of the region itself. In highly agricultural
areas, where the predominant agricultural activity was animal husbandry,
livestock fairs were naturally of greater importance to the farmers than the
tradesman s fairs, as the sale of their livestock provided them with the ready
cash they needed and an opportunity to purchase young livestock and other
goods. The tradesman s fairs played a somewhat smaller role in the country¬
side, as farmers could already purchase clothes, footwear, farming tools and
other items from the local storekeepers or simply from hawkers. From an eco¬
nomic standpoint, the weekly fairs held in the towns and cities were also im¬
portant to the rural inhabitants of the regions close to these settlements, as
they afforded the farm women an income through the sale of vegetables, fruits,
eggs, milk and dairy products and other produce.
The weekly fairs without doubt played the most important role in the towns as
regards the supply of the townsfolk with essential consumer goods
-
inparticu-
218
lar
because the inhabitants of cities or larger towns as a rule did not have any
suitable means of storing perishable goods. As a result, the weekly purchase of
fresh goods at the market was a necessity. For the tradesmen and craftsmen liv¬
ing in the townships whose population gravitated towards the city, the trades¬
man sfairs in town were also important, as sales at these events enabled them
to supplement their income. For this reason the tradesman s fairs in
Celje
were
well visited up until the
1930s,
and their significance only began to dwindle
with the flourishing development of store-based trade. The least successful of
all the fairs in
Celje
were the livestock fairs, as farmers preferred to visit the
livestock fairs in their closer vicinity, as they could count on getting far better
bargains there than in the city. The only exceptions were the hog fairs which
in the period between WWI and WWII attracted more visitors with each pass¬
ing year.
The price of wares was determined by the law of supply and demand and the
former naturally varied, depending on the season. If there was a sufficient
supply of certain wares at a given fair, the price decreased commensurately,
and vice versa.
In the 19th century, the overall cost of clothing and footwear was high. Prices
dropped somewhat at the beginning of the 20th century in comparison with
the previous century, but from
1914
to
1918
there was a steep increase again in
the cost of textiles. In view of the general complaints from the population over
the rising prices, the county and municipal authorities found it expedient and
urgently necessary to take certain measures in the
1930s
and began setting
fixed prices for the essential consumer goods sold at the municipal markets.
In addition to the fairs, the economic and craft fairs held in
Celje
were another
important retail outlet for the burghers and craftsmen of
Celje
and the farm¬
ers in the city s close surroundings from the 1860s onwards, as they also func¬
tioned as a successful means of advertising the goods on display. And while the
importance of the tradesman s fairs in
Celje
began to dwindle in the
1930s,
the
importance of the craft fairs began to increase.
The first modern exhibition at
a Celje
fair was organised as early as October
1863
by the city s Municipal Council. In addition to the ivide range of agricul¬
tural produce, the agricultural
f
air also featured a display of the products of
the craftsmen from
Celje
and its surroundings. The next Initiative for the or¬
ganisation of a similar exhibition was given in
1878
by the
Celje
branch of the
Styrian Farmers Association. As the exhibition
ako
included the other indus¬
trial branches (mining, industry, crafts) it was of a general nature, although
agricultural exhibits predominated. In 1888 a new and extensive regional eco¬
nomic exhibition
ivas
organised in
Celje
which also invited the participation
of representatives from the broader areas of the political districts of
Brezice,
Celje, Maribor,
Pluj and
Slovenj Gradec
The exhibition was organised to hon-
219
our the 40th anniversary of the emperor s reign. In addition to these fairs, in
the period from
1888
until the end ofWWI, the independent apicultural exhi¬
bition organised by the Slovenian Apicultural Association of Lower
Styria
to
mark the anniversary of its founding also met with a wide response.
At the end ofWWI, the craftsmen of
Celje
began to organise craft exhibitions,
as in their opinion such fairs were the best possible form of advertising for
their domestic wares. In keeping with this policy, three exceptionally well-vis¬
ited and successful craft exhibitions were carried out in the period from
1918
to
1941
(in
1922, 1935
and
1937).
The last craft
f
air (held in
1939),
however,
failed to achieve the success of the previous ones.
In
1941,
the outbreak of WWII cut short all fairground activities and exhibi¬
tions.
220
|
| adam_txt |
Vsebina
1
UVOD
.7
2
LIBERALIZACIJA NOTRANJE TRGOVINE
.9
3
SPLOŠNE UREDBE
IN
ZAKONODAJA GLEDE SEJMOV
.13
4
PODELJEVANJE
IN
PRIDOBITEV SEJEMSKIH KONCESIJ
.21
4.1
Stanje letnih
in
živinskih sejmov
v celjskem
okrožju leta
1848.24
4.2
Prizadevanja za sejemske privilegije
.32
4.2.1
Konjice
.32
4.2.2
NovaCerkev
.38
4.2.3
Vojnik
.39
4.2.4
Lemberg
.42
4.2.5
Teharje
.43
4.2.6
Prošnja za obnovitev sejemskegaprivilegija, ukinjenega
zaradi
neplácané
privilegijske takse
.44
4.2.7
Sevnica
.46
4.2.8
Sejem obproščenju na Svetih Gorah
.50
4.2.9
Žalec
.52
4.2.10
Tabor
.52
4.2.11
Vransko
.54
4.2.12
Zavrnitev sejemskega privilegija
.55
5
SEJEMSKE PRISTOJBINE
.59
5.1
Upravičenci do stojnin
.63
5.2
Odklonitev plačevanja stojnin
.73
5.3
Zakup pobiranja stojnine na letnih
in
živinskih sejmih
.75
5.4
Namenska uporaba stojnin
.77
6
SEJEMSKI PROSTOR
.80
6.1
Sejemski prostor za živinske
sejme
.80
6.1.1
Določitev novegaprostora za živinski sejem
v
trgu
Laško sredi
19.
stoletja
.81
6.1.2
Prestavitev sejemskega prostora za živinske
sejme
izven trga Žalec
.85
6.1.3
Sejemski prostor za živinske
sejme v
obcinak
Lemberg, Planina pri Sevnici, Podsreda, Podčetrtek,
Pilštanj, Šentjur
.86
6.2
Sejemski prostor za kramarske
sejme
.88
6.2.1
Sejemski prostor za kramarske
sejme
na Vramkem
.88
6.2.2
Kramarski
sejmi v
Podsredi
.89
6.2 3
Kramarski
sejmi v Mozir/u
.90
7
SMISELNOST
OBSTOJA
VELIKEGA ŠTEVILA SEJMOV
V
DEŽELI
KONEC
19.
STOLETJA
.92
8
PONOVNA OŽIVITEV SEJMARJENJA PO KONCU I. SVETOVNE VOJNE
„95
9
KROŠNJARJENJE
.100
10
REŠEVANJE SEJEMSKIH
SPOROV
.103
11
PRILOŽNOSTNI ZASLUŽKI
.104
12
CENE
.105
13
SEJEMSKA DEJAVNOST
V
CELJU
.113
13.1
Sejmi
v mestu
Celje od
15.
do
19.
stoletja
.115
13.2
Vpeljava drugega tedenskega sejma
v mestu.
118
13.2.1
Sejemski red za tedenske
sejme v
Celju
z dne
12.
oktobra
1812.120
13.3
Vpeljava mesečnih živinskih sejmov
in vprašanje
izvajanj
svinjskih sejmov
.124
13.4
Sejemski
redi za mesto
Celje
.128
13.4.1
Sejemski red za
letne
in
živinske
sejme.
128
13.4.2
Sejemski red za
letne
oz. kramarske
sejme
.130
13.4.3
Sejemski red za živinske
sejme
.133
13.4.4
Sejemski
red za
tedenske sejme
.134
13.5
Tržne
pristojbine
.141
13.6
Rezervacije sejemskega
prostora
.150
13.7
Mestna
tržna uprava.
153
13.8
Ureditev stojnic za
prodajo življenjskih
potrebščin
in problem
pomanjkanja
tržnega prostora na Glavnem
trgu
.156
13-9
Prodaja
mesa in
mesnih izdelkov na stojnicah na Glavnem trgu
.lói
13.10
Prodaja divjačine
in rib
.165
13.11
Nabava
in
prodaja božičnih drevesc
.
I66
13.12
Prodajni čas sadjarjev
in
kmetov na tedenskih sejmih
.
I68
13.13
Ravnanje mestne policije pri nadzorovanju trgov
.171
13.14
Prometni režim na Glavnem trgu
v času
sejmov
.172
13.15
Kronološki pregled sejemskega dogajanja
v
Celju
.174
13.15.1
Kramarski
sejmi
.174
13.15.2
Živinski
sejmi
.
17б
13.15.3
Tedenski sejmi
.181
13.16
Cene.
187
14
GOSPODARSKE
IN
OBRTNE RAZSTAVE
V
CELJU OD 60. LET
19.
STOLETJA DO LETA
1941.193
ZAKLJUČEK
.207
SEZNAM
UPORABLJENIH VIROV
IN
LITERATURE:
.214
FAIRS IN
CELJE
AND ITS SUROUNDINGS IN THE 19TH
AND
THE FIRST
HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY (SUMMARY)
.
2іб
FAIRS IN
CELJE
AND ITS SUROUNDINGS IN THE 19THAND
THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY (SUMMARY)
In the 19th century, all fairs held in the land were regulated by means of laws
and regulations issued by the provincial authorities. More detailed provisions
regarding fairs and market days were stipulated in the craftsmen's statutes,
which were published from the 1830s onwards.
Concessions for annual, livestock and weekly fairs were issued in
Styria
by
the provincial authorities. Up until the mid-19th century, this was the Styrian
Gouvernement in Graz.
Following the events of
1848,
however, which brought
with them a total reorganisation of the state administration and introduced a
new administrative order, the Provincial Governorship in
Graz,
of which the
Ministry of the Interior became a subordinate office, took the place of the
Gou¬
vernement
in the beginning of
1850.
In the period between WWI and WWII,
permits for fairs and market days were issued by the Ban after a hearing of
the Chamber of Commerce. By issuing permits for new fairs, the provincial
authorities hoped to promote the economic development of the market towns
and cities and their surroundings.
Permits for fairs were issued if the local and economic conditions in the prov¬
ince indicated that a fair would be advantageous. In issuing permits, account
was taken of the number of already approved fairs in a given municipality
and the surrounding municipalities. Another important factor was the stipu¬
lations regarding the prescribed distances between market towns and the req¬
uisite time intervals between one fair and the next. In the 19th century, the
accepted norm was the provision that any two towns entitled to hold fair
s
must
be at least two days' walking distance from each other and that an interval of
from fourteen days to three weeks must be observed between one fair and the
next. In the period between WWI and WWII, permits for fairs were not issued
to towns if a fair had taken place or was to take place in any other town in
the region within a radius of
20
km of the town requesting the permit, or on
the same day or during a period of
15
days preceding or following the date for
which the permit was requested.
The year
1836
brought a change in the issuing of concessions: market and
fair privileges were no longer issued to the local gentry, but only to the indi¬
vidual municipalities that wished to hold them. As holders of the rights to this
privilege, municipalities were also under the obligation to pay all the taxes
pursuant to the privilege conferred. The taxation sum for the issue of a privi¬
lege charter depended on the amount of fairs approved. In addition to this, the
provincial authorities also levied a charge for notarization (affixing the seal)
and a charter tax as well as the cost of postage.
216
In compliance with the general provincial or state legislation in effect at the
time, municipalities were also under obligation to elaborate their own Rules
and Fairground and Market Regulations for tradesman's, livestock and weekly
fairs. In addition to the general conditions, these also had to take into account
local economic and social circumstances.
At the fairs, fees were levied on vendors (booth tax) for the use of fairground
space or booths, scales and other equipment. The booth tax was levied as com¬
pensation for the use of the site, possible damages caused to the property and
for supervision of the fairground activities. These fairground rates had to be
publicly announced and of course ratified by the higher (provincial) authori¬
ties. Every municipality was under the obligation to compile its own list of
rates.
Livestock and tradesman's fairs were usually held at the same time, but in
separate areas. Livestock fairs could only be held in areas that were arranged
in keeping with all the regulations, and such locations had to be ratified by
the administrative authorities. The fair site had to be in a suitable geographic
location (outside the town
oron
its periphery), with the proper layout ensured.
The site had to be fenced in and divided into separate areas for each type of
livestock. Water in the vicinity was a must as well as cattle scales, and a special
enclosure for horses to show off their paces.
The central exhibition area for the tradesman's fairs was usually located in the
main squares and on the main access roads (Mozirje, Velenje, Rogatec, Vitanje,
Podčetrtek, Žalec)
or at the crossroads of such roads
(Celje, Lašho, Slovenske
Konjice, Šoštanj).
If the road was wide enough, there were stalls on either side,
otherwise they would line only one side. The stalls were not allowed to obstruct
entrances into hous.es. Potters, blacksmiths and coopers usually simply arrayed
their heavy wares on the ground, while other vendors hired tables off the lo¬
cal inhabitants or brought portable shelves and canvas tarpaulitts ivith them.
Space permitting, the stalls at these fairs were set up so that vendors selling the
same wares were grouped together. According to the rules, wagons had to be
removed from the fairground once the goods they were delivering had been
unloaded so as not to obstruct the fairgoers' passage between the stalls.
Annual fairs were not permitted to go on for more than three days. This was
never a problem in the
Celje
area though, as none of the municipalities took
advantage of the full permissible timespan and the tradesman's fairs limited
themselves to one day's activities only. These also differed from the weekly fairs
in their aim to reach a broader segment of the population and the quantity
and variety of goods they had to offer.
The fairs held on parish festivals were aimed at pilgrims who would gather
for special services at churches in pilgrimage places. The majority of goods at
217
these
fairs were holy effigies, rosaries and other religious items, while leather-
work and hawker's wares constituted the lesser part of the items on offer.
The number of visitors to these fairs naturally depended on the weather. Since
they took place outdoors, people, livestock and goods alike were exposed to the
elements. Bad weather had a detrimental effect on sales, while good weather,
on the other hand, meant increased trade.
At the end of the 19th century the number affairs was considerable, despite the
fact that some requests for concessions were denied. Yet even though the live¬
stock fairs had a positive influence on the development of animal husbandry
and the tradesman's fairs actually offered the local
tradespersons
competition,
doubts began to crop up as to the point of the existence of all these fairs in the
land.
As regards the annual frequency of fairs, the largest number took place from
March to July. There were few fairs in the winter months (December, January,
February), since, owing to the poor and slippery roads, fairs were not very well
attended at this time of the year. Of the summer months, August was the least
popular, while June and July had approximately the same number of market
days. In autumn the largest number of fairs took place in September, followed
by November and then October. In very rural areas the autumn fairs received
the most visitors. Farmers sold fattened livestock and other agricultural pro¬
duce and bought sturdy shoes, warm clothes and blankets to tide them over the
winter. Textile goods, lighter footwear and certain pottery items sold well prior
to Easter. In some regions, the tailors who sold their wares at markets sewed
trousers and jackets from coarse and durable cotton cloth and
loden
green
almost exclusively for sale at fairs.
Which type of fair was more important to the inhabitants of various regions
depended on the geographic location of the region itself. In highly agricultural
areas, where the predominant agricultural activity was animal husbandry,
livestock fairs were naturally of greater importance to the farmers than the
tradesman's fairs, as the sale of their livestock provided them with the ready
cash they needed and an opportunity to purchase young livestock and other
goods. The tradesman's fairs played a somewhat smaller role in the country¬
side, as farmers could already purchase clothes, footwear, farming tools and
other items from the local storekeepers or simply from hawkers. From an eco¬
nomic standpoint, the weekly fairs held in the towns and cities were also im¬
portant to the rural inhabitants of the regions close to these settlements, as
they afforded the farm women an income through the sale of vegetables, fruits,
eggs, milk and dairy products and other produce.
The weekly fairs without doubt played the most important role in the towns as
regards the supply of the townsfolk with essential consumer goods
-
inparticu-
218
lar
because the inhabitants of cities or larger towns as a rule did not have any
suitable means of storing perishable goods. As a result, the weekly purchase of
fresh goods at the market was a necessity. For the tradesmen and craftsmen liv¬
ing in the townships whose population gravitated towards the city, the trades¬
man 'sfairs in town were also important, as sales at these events enabled them
to supplement their income. For this reason the tradesman's fairs in
Celje
were
well visited up until the
1930s,
and their significance only began to dwindle
with the flourishing development of store-based trade. The least successful of
all the fairs in
Celje
were the livestock fairs, as farmers preferred to visit the
livestock fairs in their closer vicinity, as they could count on getting far better
bargains there than in the city. The only exceptions were the hog fairs which
in the period between WWI and WWII attracted more visitors with each pass¬
ing year.
The price of wares was determined by the law of supply and demand and the
former naturally varied, depending on the season. If there was a sufficient
supply of certain wares at a given fair, the price decreased commensurately,
and vice versa.
In the 19th century, the overall cost of clothing and footwear was high. Prices
dropped somewhat at the beginning of the 20th century in comparison with
the previous century, but from
1914
to
1918
there was a steep increase again in
the cost of textiles. In view of the general complaints from the population over
the rising prices, the county and municipal authorities found it expedient and
urgently necessary to take certain measures in the
1930s
and began setting
fixed prices for the essential consumer goods sold at the municipal markets.
In addition to the fairs, the economic and craft fairs held in
Celje
were another
important retail outlet for the burghers and craftsmen of
Celje
and the farm¬
ers in the city's close surroundings from the 1860s onwards, as they also func¬
tioned as a successful means of advertising the goods on display. And while the
importance of the tradesman's fairs in
Celje
began to dwindle in the
1930s,
the
importance of the craft fairs began to increase.
The first modern exhibition at
a Celje
fair was organised as early as October
1863
by the city's Municipal Council. In addition to the ivide range of agricul¬
tural produce, the agricultural
f
air also featured a display of the products of
the craftsmen from
Celje
and its surroundings. The next Initiative for the or¬
ganisation of a similar exhibition was given in
1878
by the
Celje
branch of the
Styrian Farmers'Association. As the exhibition
ako
included the other indus¬
trial branches (mining, industry, crafts) it was of a general nature, although
agricultural exhibits predominated. In 1888 a new and extensive regional eco¬
nomic exhibition
ivas
organised in
Celje
which also invited the participation
of representatives from the broader areas of the political districts of
Brezice,
Celje, Maribor,
Pluj and
Slovenj Gradec
The exhibition was organised to hon-
219
our the 40th anniversary of the emperor's reign. In addition to these fairs, in
the period from
1888
until the end ofWWI, the independent apicultural exhi¬
bition organised by the Slovenian Apicultural Association of Lower
Styria
to
mark the anniversary of its founding also met with a wide response.
At the end ofWWI, the craftsmen of
Celje
began to organise craft exhibitions,
as in their opinion such fairs were the best possible form of advertising for
their domestic wares. In keeping with this policy, three exceptionally well-vis¬
ited and successful craft exhibitions were carried out in the period from
1918
to
1941
(in
1922, 1935
and
1937).
The last craft
f
air (held in
1939),
however,
failed to achieve the success of the previous ones.
In
1941,
the outbreak of WWII cut short all fairground activities and exhibi¬
tions.
220 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
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| era | Geschichte 1800-1950 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1800-1950 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Celje Region (DE-588)4441241-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Celje Region |
| id | DE-604.BV022955165 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:02:58Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:08:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9616448145 |
| language | Slovenian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016159591 |
| oclc_num | 220227471 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 200 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Zgodovinski Arhiv |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Zdovc, Hedvika Verfasser aut Sejmi na Celjskem v 19. in prvi polovici 20. stoletja Hedvika Zdovc Celje Zgodovinski Arhiv 2006 200 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T. Fairs in Celje and its surroundings in the 19. and the first half of the 20. entury Geschichte 1800-1950 gnd rswk-swf Messe Wirtschaft (DE-588)4074745-1 gnd rswk-swf Celje Region (DE-588)4441241-1 gnd rswk-swf Celje Region (DE-588)4441241-1 g Messe Wirtschaft (DE-588)4074745-1 s Geschichte 1800-1950 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016159591&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016159591&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Zdovc, Hedvika Sejmi na Celjskem v 19. in prvi polovici 20. stoletja Messe Wirtschaft (DE-588)4074745-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4074745-1 (DE-588)4441241-1 |
| title | Sejmi na Celjskem v 19. in prvi polovici 20. stoletja |
| title_auth | Sejmi na Celjskem v 19. in prvi polovici 20. stoletja |
| title_exact_search | Sejmi na Celjskem v 19. in prvi polovici 20. stoletja |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Sejmi na Celjskem v 19. in prvi polovici 20. stoletja |
| title_full | Sejmi na Celjskem v 19. in prvi polovici 20. stoletja Hedvika Zdovc |
| title_fullStr | Sejmi na Celjskem v 19. in prvi polovici 20. stoletja Hedvika Zdovc |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sejmi na Celjskem v 19. in prvi polovici 20. stoletja Hedvika Zdovc |
| title_short | Sejmi na Celjskem v 19. in prvi polovici 20. stoletja |
| title_sort | sejmi na celjskem v 19 in prvi polovici 20 stoletja |
| topic | Messe Wirtschaft (DE-588)4074745-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Messe Wirtschaft Celje Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016159591&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016159591&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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