Značilnosti javnega sektorja v Sloveniji in ugotavljanje njegove učinkovitosti:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Slovenian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Ljubljana
Fak. za Upravo
2006
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Upravna misel
2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | XXVI, 220 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 961613969X 9789616139694 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137194134175744 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | KAZALO
VSEBINE
Beseda recenzentov
.........................................
XIII
Biografije
úřednic
...........................................
XV
Seznam avtorjev
...........................................XVII
Predgovor
................................................XIX
Abstract ................................................
XXIII
Prvi
del
Javne
finance in
velikost
javnega sektorja
........................1
1
Analiza
velikosti
javnega sektorja
in
mednarodna primerjava
.....3
Primož Pevcin
1.1
Velikost
javnega sektorja
-
fiskalni
in
nefiskalni vidik
.............4
1.2
Fiskalni vidik javnega sektorja
...............................5
1.3
Nefiskalni vidik javnega sektorja
.............................7
1.4
Analiza
dejavnikov velikosti
javnega sektorja
-
podatki
in
metodologija
................................................8
1.5
Rezultati analize
.........................................13
1.6
Sociálni
vidiki razlik
v velikosti
javnega sektorja
...............17
Literatura
in viri
............................................2,0
2
Javnofinančni primanjkljaj
in zunanje
neravnovesje
držav na
prehodu
...................................................23
Aleksander
Aristovnik
2.1
Kratek
pregled teoretičnih
in
preteklih empiričnih spoznanj
o dvojném
primanjkljaju
in
uganki Horioka-Feldstein
........................25
2.2
Pregled razvoja salda tekočega računa
držav na
prehodu
.........28
2.3
Javnofinančno neravnovesje
v
državah na prehodu
..............31
2.4
Empirična analiza
........................................36
2.4.1
Empirična metodologija
.................................36
VII
2.4.2
Podatki
..............................................36
2.4.3
Empirični rezultati
.....................................37
2.4.3.1
Preverjanje panelne heteroskedastičnosti, presečne
in
serijske
korelacije specificiranega modela
..............................37
2.4.3.2
Empirični rezultati specificiranega modela
................39
2.5
Zaključek
.............................................43
Literatura
in viri
............................................44
3
Analiza
velikosti javnega
sektorja: vpliv volilnega sistema, političnega
režima
in
decentralizacije
....................................47
Primož Pevcin
3.1
Sodobna demokratična ureditev
ter
problem
principala
in
agenta
... 47
3.2
Politične institucije
in
oportunistično obnašanje
politikov
.........49
3.3
Metodologija
...........................................50
3.3.1
Model predvolilnega boja
...............................50
3.3.2
Model političnega obnašanja po volitvah
...................54
3.3.3
Struktura oblasti
in
javni izdatki
..........................56
3.4
Rezultati raziskave
in predlogi
izboljšav
......................59
3.4.1
Ekonomski
dejavniki in
vpliv političnih institucij
-
empirična analiza
..........................................59
3.5
Sklepne
ugotovitve
in
predlogi
..............................61
Literatura
in viri
............................................63
4
Vpliv fiskalne politike na primanjkljaj tekočega računa Slovenije
v
obdobju prehoda
...........................................65
Aleksander
Aristovnik
4.1
Prikaz gibanja tekočega računa plačilne bilance Slovenije
........66
4.2
Značilnosti fiskalne politike
in
njena povezanost
s
saldom tekočega
računa plačilne bilance Slovenije
...............................68
4.3
Empirična analiza
........................................71
4.3.1
Empirični model
......................................71
4.3.2
Podatki
in
metodologija
.................................73
4.3.3
Empirični rezultati
.....................................73
4.4
Zaključek
...............................................78
4.5
Priloga
.................................................80
Literatura
in viri
............................................82
VIII
5
Ocena
posrednih stroškov obdavčenja
v
Sloveniji
..............85
Maja Klun
5.1
Metodologija
............................................88
5.1.1
Velikost
vzorcev
in
odzivnost
............................90
5.1.1.1
DDV
.............................................90
5.1.1.2
Dohodnina
........................................91
5.1.1.3
Pravne
osebe
.......................................92
5.1.1.4
Trošarine
..........................................92
5.1.1.5
Vrednotenje porabljenega časa
.........................93
5.2
Rezultati raziskave
in predlogi
izboljšav
......................94
5.2.1
Posredni stroški posameznih davkov
in
njihovi sorazmerni deleži
94
5.2.2
Regresivnost posrednih stroškov
..........................96
5.2.3
Struktura posrednih stroškov
.............................96
5.2.4
Predlogi za znižanje posrednih stroškov
....................97
Literatura
in viri
............................................98
Drugi
del
Primeri ugotavljanja učinkovitosti enotjavnega sektorja
..........101
6
Proračunski
kazalniki
slovenskih občin
.....................103
Srečko Devjak
6.1
Opis financiranja slovenskih občin
..........................105
6.2
Uporabniki
in
razvojni okviri oblikovanja sistema kazalnikov
.... 108
6.3
Metodologija
...........................................109
6.3.1
Oblikovanja
príkazov
...................................109
6.3.2
Sistem proračunskih kazalnikov
.........................110
6.4
Zbirni
kazalniki,
kratek
opis pomena
........................112
6.5
Analitični kazalniki
......................................113
6.6
Uvajanje
in prikazovanje
sistema proračunskih kazalnikov
.......114
6.7
Izsledki raziskave
in
predlogi izboljšav
......................115
6.7.1
Uporabnost razvitega sistema kazalnikov
in
postopki proučevanja
proračunskih razmer
v
slovenskih občinah
.....................115
6.8
Benchmarking
analize slovenskih občin
......................116
6.8.1
Metoda skupnega ranga
................................116
6.8.2
Metoda multikriterijskega razvrščanja enot po stopnji doseganja
ciljev
...................................................118
IX
6.9
Ocenjevanje
posebnosti ali zakonitosti pri razvoju proračunskega
financiranja občin
..........................................119
6.10
Predlogi izboljšav
in nova
področja razvoja kazalnikov
........123
Literatura
in viri
...........................................125
7
Učinkovitost
in
úspěšnost
upravnih enot: analiza
z
uporabo umetne
inteligence
...............................................127
Zdravko Pecar
ín
Boris Grame
7.1
Opis problema
..........................................128
7.2
Hipoteze
in
metodologija
.................................134
7.3
Rezultati raziskave
......................................135
7.4
Predlogi za vođenje javnih
politik
..........................142
7.5
Zaključek
..............................................143
Literatura
in viri
...........................................145
Ш
Ekonomika zdravstva: izkušnje drugih
držav
in raziskava
Fakultete
za upravo
................................................147
Stanka Setnikar Carikar
in Janko
Seljak
8.1
Metodologija
...........................................149
8.1.1.1
Kazalci
v
zdravstvu
.................................149
8.2
Ekonomika zdravstva
-
praktični primeri
.....................150
8.2.1
Primer
1:
Postavitev normatívov
in
primerjava stroškov
v
sekundárném
zdravstvu
.....................................151
8.2.1.1
Izhodišče projekta
in
opis zbiranja podatkov
.............151
8.2.1.2
Opis poteka zbiranja podatkov
........................153
8.2.2
Prva faza
-
določanje
normatívov
........................157
8.2.2.1
Skupina
diagnoz
spontani porodi
......................157
8.2.2.2
Skupina
diagnoz
krvavitve
...........................161
8.2.3
Druga faza
-
primerjava stroškov
........................165
8.2.3.1
Stroškovne kategorije
...............................166
8.2.4
Primer
2:
Stroškovna učinkovitost zdravstvenih
ustanov
......175
8.2.5
Primer
3:
Model plačevanja po skupinah primerljivih primerov
(SPP)
...................................................178
8.2.5.1
Model SPP
v
Avstraliji
..............................178
8.2.5.2
Analiza uvedbe modela SPP
v
Sloveniji
................180
8.2.5.3
Analiza
cene
SPP
v
treh izbranih evropskih državah
.......186
8.2.5.4
Učinki uvedbe modela SPP
v nekaterih
državah
..........187
8.2.6
Primer
4:
Možne
oblike zasebno-javnega partnerstva pri izgradnji
bolnišnice
...............................................187
8.3
Predstavitev možnega projekta
-
izgradnja nove bolnišnice
.......189
8.3.1
Varianta
1:
Proračunsko financiranje
z zadolžitvijo
države
.... 191
8.3.2
Varianta
2:
Sufinanciranje
s
sredstvi zasebnega sektorja
......192
8.3.3
Varianta
3:
Izgradnja je financirana
s
sredstvi zasebnega sektorja
-
operativni
leasing
.........................................193
8.3.4
Varianta
4:
Izgradnja je financirana
s
sredstvi zasebnega sektorja
-
finančni
leasing
..........................................194
8.4
Primerjava
variant
.......................................194
8/П.
Privatizacija zdravstvenih
storitev v
Sloveniji
..............197
Stanka Setnikar Cankar
in
Anton Novak
8.5
Trendi
v
svetu
in EU.....................................198
8.5.1
Splošne
smernice EU o sodelovanju
med javnim
in
zasebnim
sektorjem
................................................198
8.6
Analiza stanja
v
Sloveniji
.................................198
8.7
Pregled nekaterih podatkov za Slovenijo
.....................203
Literatura
in viri
...........................................211
Kazala
...................................................213
Kazalo
slik
............................................... 214
Kazalo
tabel
..............................................215
Stvarno kazalo
.............................................218
XI
ABSTRACT
Slovenia must increase the quality of services to improve its competitiveness.
Therefore it must additionally develop alternative forms of service provision.
The government1
s
task is to effectively provide services in public interest, also
with greater participation of private sector. The government will have to ensure
appropriate business environment (legislative environment and conditions of
operation), thus preventing the increase of possible fiscal risks and of additional
financial obligations.
The monograph entitled Characteristics of Public Sector in Slovenia and
Evaluation of its Effectiveness presents empirical research carried out by
members of the Department of Economics and Public Sector Management at
the Faculty of Administration. The included papers related to studying
effectiveness and efficiency of public sector in individual regions in Slovenia
have already been published in Slovenia and abroad. The monograph targets to
provide a more comprehensive answer to broader public in Slovenia to the
following questions: How effective is public sector in Slovenia? How to
measure its effectiveness? and How to improve it? The added value of these
papers is predominantly reflected in the comparison of operation and
effectiveness of the Slovene public sector with public sectors of other countries
all over the world.
The monograph comprises two parts. The first part Public Finance and Size of
Public Sector is composed of five papers and the second part Examples of
Evaluating Effectiveness of Public Sector Units of three.
The main question that ought to be answered in the Chapter
1
is, why such
differences exist in the size of public sector across countries and which factors
shape those differences. The empirical analysis of the determinants that cause
the differences in the size of public sector across countries revealed that
political, social and cultural variables are more important in explaining the
cross-country differences. Besides, it can be observed that composition of
public sector activities also matters, as economic factors are more important in
XXIII
explaining the variation in the size of consumption spending and in the size of
non-fiscal public sector, whereas political, social and cultural factors are more
important in explaining the variation in the size of transfer spending.
Nevertheless, the results obtained obviously indicate, that the size of fiscal
public sector and the size of non-fiscal public sector move in the opposite
direction, possible explanation being that fiscal instruments should act as a
direct substitute to the regulatory activities of the public sector, substitution
possibly taking place through so-called transmission mechanism of
government activities .
Main objective of Chapter
2
is to investigate the empirical link between the
current account and the fiscal balance (i.e. the twin deficits phenomenon) in
economies of Central and Eastern Europe
(CEE),
Southern and Eastern Europe
(SEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Moreover, the
importance of the so-called Horioka-Feldstein puzzle in transition economies is
examined in order to draw some conclusions about the regions integration with
international capital markets. For this purpose, pooled cross-sectional and time-
series techniques are used to characterize the properties of current account
variations across selected groups of transition economies in the
1992-2003
period. The empirical results suggest that, in general, high budget deficits in
SEE and CIS economies have implied the problem of external sustainability
because the presence of low substitutability between private and public savings
is noticed in the region. On the other hand, in
CEE
relatively higher level of
substitutability between private and public sectors is noticed, implying a
relatively moderate correlation between fiscal and external imbalances. Finally,
the paper provides some evidence of the existence of the Horioka-Feldstein
puzzle in transition economies.
The cross-country empirical analysis of the effect of political institutions on
public spending presented in the Chapter
3
suggests that presidential political
regimes are associated with smaller size of total public spending, whereas
plurality in electoral rules seems to help curb only transfer spending. In
addition, results also suggest that countries with political decentralisation have
on average larger public transfer spending, corroborating collusion and fiscal
illusion hypothesis about decentralisation effects.
Chapter
4
aims to tests empirically the validity and rationale of the twin deficits
hypothesis and the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis using quarterly time series
data for Slovenian economy in the period
1994-2001.
The econometric
methodology is based on time series models with adhering tests
(autocorrelation test, unit root test and test of
cointegration).
The results
confirm significant relationship between government budget balance and
XXIV
current account providing some evidence in favor of twin deficits hypothesis in
Slovenia. But due to short period considered and disregarding the distinction
between temporary and permanent expenditures and output shocks we could
not reject the
intertemporal
approach. This finding suggests that Ricardian
equivalence might hold in longer term. In addition, the empirical results suggest
evidence of relatively low international capital mobility and moderate
regulation of domestic capital markets in Slovenia.
The evaluation of taxpayers compliance costs has grown in significance within
tax system research over the last fifteen years. In
2001
two surveys of VAT and
personal income taxpayers were conducted to evaluate compliance costs for the
2000
fiscal year in Slovenia. Later in year
2003
the evaluation of compliance
costs for companies and of excise duties in Slovenia was made for the
2002
fiscal year. Chapter
5
about tax compliance costs in Slovenia presents the results
of both researches. The results show that compliance costs for personal income
tax are relatively low, primarily because most taxpayers consider filing their tax
declaration to be a simple procedure, which means that consultancy costs are
low. Relatively low compliance costs were evaluated for excise duties, while the
tax compliance costs for companies are relatively high. All evaluations showed
that tax compliance costs are regressive with higher burden for those with low
income. Aggregate tax compliance costs for company taxes (corporate income
tax, social security contributions (with payroll tax) and VAT) as a percentage of
GDP was evaluated at around
1%,
for personal income tax
0.18%
and for excise
duties
0.03%
of GDP.
The system of budget indicators of Slovene municipalities is intended to keep
the public informed about the formation and consumption of municipal budget
funds. Chapter
6
presents starting points for creating the system of indicators as
well as the structure of this system originating from the model of financing
Slovene municipalities. Five aggregated budget indicators involved are intended
for a synthetic presentation of public-finance developments in municipalities.
The paper presents some methods and examples of carrying out benchmarking
analyses by using multicriteria classification of municipalities. It includes
examples of municipality classification by several indicators. Analyses of time
modification of the indicators value are presented via examples using trend
functions, correlation analysis and regression functions.
The research in Chapter
7
tries to investigate the performance of
58
Slovenian
administrative districts, which provide administration services for eight state
ministries. The data analysis was performed by using the machine learning tool
program RETIS, from the field of artificial intelligence. The results show large
differences in organizational efficiency (productivity) among Slovenian
XXV
administrative
districts
(up to ratio
1:10)
and general positive influence of
higher level of education on raise of productivity. The interesting behavioral
pattern was also found, where the highest (above average) level of education
often lowers the productivity. The research proves we could reject the
hypothesis that increased number of applications results in longer time for
processing, and offers completely opposite findings. The administrative
districts with highest number of applications per employee also show the
highest level of productivity and often highest share of cases solved within one
month.
Health care systems around the world are changing in different ways.
Financing, for one, is becoming increasingly difficult. The most important
reasons behind this development are increases in the volume and the quality of
medical treatment, financing methods and ageing populations. Efforts to
increase effectiveness and quality require an evaluation of the effectiveness of
the public sector. In the Chapter
8
are presented the projects which may serve
as a model for different analyses. First, the research conducted by the Faculty
of Public Administration in which the methods of establishing standards in
health care is presented. Next is a comparison in which costs in the secondary
health care system was conducted. This is followed by a case illustrating the
analysis of cost effectiveness of the primary health care system for the year
2002
and a comparison between public and private providers. Finally a project
introducing a special model of payment by groups of comparable cases (GCC)
is presented.
A hypothetical model for the construction and management of a hospital is
offered as an example of co-operation between the private and public sectors in
providing health care services.
XXVI
|
| adam_txt |
KAZALO
VSEBINE
Beseda recenzentov
.
XIII
Biografije
úřednic
.
XV
Seznam avtorjev
.XVII
Predgovor
.XIX
Abstract .
XXIII
Prvi
del
Javne
finance in
velikost
javnega sektorja
.1
1
Analiza
velikosti
javnega sektorja
in
mednarodna primerjava
.3
Primož Pevcin
1.1
Velikost
javnega sektorja
-
fiskalni
in
nefiskalni vidik
.4
1.2
Fiskalni vidik javnega sektorja
.5
1.3
Nefiskalni vidik javnega sektorja
.7
1.4
Analiza
dejavnikov velikosti
javnega sektorja
-
podatki
in
metodologija
.8
1.5
Rezultati analize
.13
1.6
Sociálni
vidiki razlik
v velikosti
javnega sektorja
.17
Literatura
in viri
.2,0
2
Javnofinančni primanjkljaj
in zunanje
neravnovesje
držav na
prehodu
.23
Aleksander
Aristovnik
2.1
Kratek
pregled teoretičnih
in
preteklih empiričnih spoznanj
o dvojném
primanjkljaju
in
uganki Horioka-Feldstein
.25
2.2
Pregled razvoja salda tekočega računa
držav na
prehodu
.28
2.3
Javnofinančno neravnovesje
v
državah na prehodu
.31
2.4
Empirična analiza
.36
2.4.1
Empirična metodologija
.36
VII
2.4.2
Podatki
.36
2.4.3
Empirični rezultati
.37
2.4.3.1
Preverjanje panelne heteroskedastičnosti, presečne
in
serijske
korelacije specificiranega modela
.37
2.4.3.2
Empirični rezultati specificiranega modela
.39
2.5
Zaključek
.43
Literatura
in viri
.44
3
Analiza
velikosti javnega
sektorja: vpliv volilnega sistema, političnega
režima
in
decentralizacije
.47
Primož Pevcin
3.1
Sodobna demokratična ureditev
ter
problem
principala
in
agenta
. 47
3.2
Politične institucije
in
oportunistično obnašanje
politikov
.49
3.3
Metodologija
.50
3.3.1
Model predvolilnega boja
.50
3.3.2
Model političnega obnašanja po volitvah
.54
3.3.3
Struktura oblasti
in
javni izdatki
.56
3.4
Rezultati raziskave
in predlogi
izboljšav
.59
3.4.1
Ekonomski
dejavniki in
vpliv političnih institucij
-
empirična analiza
.59
3.5
Sklepne
ugotovitve
in
predlogi
.61
Literatura
in viri
.63
4
Vpliv fiskalne politike na primanjkljaj tekočega računa Slovenije
v
obdobju prehoda
.65
Aleksander
Aristovnik
4.1
Prikaz gibanja tekočega računa plačilne bilance Slovenije
.66
4.2
Značilnosti fiskalne politike
in
njena povezanost
s
saldom tekočega
računa plačilne bilance Slovenije
.68
4.3
Empirična analiza
.71
4.3.1
Empirični model
.71
4.3.2
Podatki
in
metodologija
.73
4.3.3
Empirični rezultati
.73
4.4
Zaključek
.78
4.5
Priloga
.80
Literatura
in viri
.82
VIII
5
Ocena
posrednih stroškov obdavčenja
v
Sloveniji
.85
Maja Klun
5.1
Metodologija
.88
5.1.1
Velikost
vzorcev
in
odzivnost
.90
5.1.1.1
DDV
.90
5.1.1.2
Dohodnina
.91
5.1.1.3
Pravne
osebe
.92
5.1.1.4
Trošarine
.92
5.1.1.5
Vrednotenje porabljenega časa
.93
5.2
Rezultati raziskave
in predlogi
izboljšav
.94
5.2.1
Posredni stroški posameznih davkov
in
njihovi sorazmerni deleži
94
5.2.2
Regresivnost posrednih stroškov
.96
5.2.3
Struktura posrednih stroškov
.96
5.2.4
Predlogi za znižanje posrednih stroškov
.97
Literatura
in viri
.98
Drugi
del
Primeri ugotavljanja učinkovitosti enotjavnega sektorja
.101
6
Proračunski
kazalniki
slovenskih občin
.103
Srečko Devjak
6.1
Opis financiranja slovenskih občin
.105
6.2
Uporabniki
in
razvojni okviri oblikovanja sistema kazalnikov
. 108
6.3
Metodologija
.109
6.3.1
Oblikovanja
príkazov
.109
6.3.2
Sistem proračunskih kazalnikov
.110
6.4
Zbirni
kazalniki,
kratek
opis pomena
.112
6.5
Analitični kazalniki
.113
6.6
Uvajanje
in prikazovanje
sistema proračunskih kazalnikov
.114
6.7
Izsledki raziskave
in
predlogi izboljšav
.115
6.7.1
Uporabnost razvitega sistema kazalnikov
in
postopki proučevanja
proračunskih razmer
v
slovenskih občinah
.115
6.8
Benchmarking
analize slovenskih občin
.116
6.8.1
Metoda skupnega ranga
.116
6.8.2
Metoda multikriterijskega razvrščanja enot po stopnji doseganja
ciljev
.118
IX
6.9
Ocenjevanje
posebnosti ali zakonitosti pri razvoju proračunskega
financiranja občin
.119
6.10
Predlogi izboljšav
in nova
področja razvoja kazalnikov
.123
Literatura
in viri
.125
7
Učinkovitost
in
úspěšnost
upravnih enot: analiza
z
uporabo umetne
inteligence
.127
Zdravko Pecar
ín
Boris Grame
7.1
Opis problema
.128
7.2
Hipoteze
in
metodologija
.134
7.3
Rezultati raziskave
.135
7.4
Predlogi za vođenje javnih
politik
.142
7.5
Zaključek
.143
Literatura
in viri
.145
Ш
Ekonomika zdravstva: izkušnje drugih
držav
in raziskava
Fakultete
za upravo
.147
Stanka Setnikar Carikar
in Janko
Seljak
8.1
Metodologija
.149
8.1.1.1
Kazalci
v
zdravstvu
.149
8.2
Ekonomika zdravstva
-
praktični primeri
.150
8.2.1
Primer
1:
Postavitev normatívov
in
primerjava stroškov
v
sekundárném
zdravstvu
.151
8.2.1.1
Izhodišče projekta
in
opis zbiranja podatkov
.151
8.2.1.2
Opis poteka zbiranja podatkov
.153
8.2.2
Prva faza
-
določanje
normatívov
.157
8.2.2.1
Skupina
diagnoz
spontani porodi
.157
8.2.2.2
Skupina
diagnoz
krvavitve
.161
8.2.3
Druga faza
-
primerjava stroškov
.165
8.2.3.1
Stroškovne kategorije
.166
8.2.4
Primer
2:
Stroškovna učinkovitost zdravstvenih
ustanov
.175
8.2.5
Primer
3:
Model plačevanja po skupinah primerljivih primerov
(SPP)
.178
8.2.5.1
Model SPP
v
Avstraliji
.178
8.2.5.2
Analiza uvedbe modela SPP
v
Sloveniji
.180
8.2.5.3
Analiza
cene
SPP
v
treh izbranih evropskih državah
.186
8.2.5.4
Učinki uvedbe modela SPP
v nekaterih
državah
.187
8.2.6
Primer
4:
Možne
oblike zasebno-javnega partnerstva pri izgradnji
bolnišnice
.187
8.3
Predstavitev možnega projekta
-
izgradnja nove bolnišnice
.189
8.3.1
Varianta
1:
Proračunsko financiranje
z zadolžitvijo
države
. 191
8.3.2
Varianta
2:
Sufinanciranje
s
sredstvi zasebnega sektorja
.192
8.3.3
Varianta
3:
Izgradnja je financirana
s
sredstvi zasebnega sektorja
-
operativni
leasing
.193
8.3.4
Varianta
4:
Izgradnja je financirana
s
sredstvi zasebnega sektorja
-
finančni
leasing
.194
8.4
Primerjava
variant
.194
8/П.
Privatizacija zdravstvenih
storitev v
Sloveniji
.197
Stanka Setnikar Cankar
in
Anton Novak
8.5
Trendi
v
svetu
in EU.198
8.5.1
Splošne
smernice EU o sodelovanju
med javnim
in
zasebnim
sektorjem
.198
8.6
Analiza stanja
v
Sloveniji
.198
8.7
Pregled nekaterih podatkov za Slovenijo
.203
Literatura
in viri
.211
Kazala
.213
Kazalo
slik
. 214
Kazalo
tabel
.215
Stvarno kazalo
.218
XI
ABSTRACT
Slovenia must increase the quality of services to improve its competitiveness.
Therefore it must additionally develop alternative forms of service provision.
The government1
s
task is to effectively provide services in public interest, also
with greater participation of private sector. The government will have to ensure
appropriate business environment (legislative environment and conditions of
operation), thus preventing the increase of possible fiscal risks and of additional
financial obligations.
The monograph entitled Characteristics of Public Sector in Slovenia and
Evaluation of its Effectiveness presents empirical research carried out by
members of the Department of Economics and Public Sector Management at
the Faculty of Administration. The included papers related to studying
effectiveness and efficiency of public sector in individual regions in Slovenia
have already been published in Slovenia and abroad. The monograph targets to
provide a more comprehensive answer to broader public in Slovenia to the
following questions: How effective is public sector in Slovenia? How to
measure its effectiveness? and How to improve it? The added value of these
papers is predominantly reflected in the comparison of operation and
effectiveness of the Slovene public sector with public sectors of other countries
all over the world.
The monograph comprises two parts. The first part "Public Finance and Size of
Public Sector" is composed of five papers and the second part "Examples of
Evaluating Effectiveness of Public Sector Units" of three.
The main question that ought to be answered in the Chapter
1
is, why such
differences exist in the size of public sector across countries and which factors
shape those differences. The empirical analysis of the determinants that cause
the differences in the size of public sector across countries revealed that
political, social and cultural variables are more important in explaining the
cross-country differences. Besides, it can be observed that composition of
public sector activities also matters, as economic factors are more important in
XXIII
explaining the variation in the size of consumption spending and in the size of
non-fiscal public sector, whereas political, social and cultural factors are more
important in explaining the variation in the size of transfer spending.
Nevertheless, the results obtained obviously indicate, that the size of fiscal
public sector and the size of non-fiscal public sector move in the opposite
direction, possible explanation being that fiscal instruments should act as a
direct substitute to the regulatory activities of the public sector, substitution
possibly taking place through so-called "transmission mechanism of
government activities".
Main objective of Chapter
2
is to investigate the empirical link between the
current account and the fiscal balance (i.e. the twin deficits phenomenon) in
economies of Central and Eastern Europe
(CEE),
Southern and Eastern Europe
(SEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Moreover, the
importance of the so-called Horioka-Feldstein puzzle in transition economies is
examined in order to draw some conclusions about the regions' integration with
international capital markets. For this purpose, pooled cross-sectional and time-
series techniques are used to characterize the properties of current account
variations across selected groups of transition economies in the
1992-2003
period. The empirical results suggest that, in general, high budget deficits in
SEE and CIS economies have implied the problem of external sustainability
because the presence of low substitutability between private and public savings
is noticed in the region. On the other hand, in
CEE
relatively higher level of
substitutability between private and public sectors is noticed, implying a
relatively moderate correlation between fiscal and external imbalances. Finally,
the paper provides some evidence of the existence of the Horioka-Feldstein
puzzle in transition economies.
The cross-country empirical analysis of the effect of political institutions on
public spending presented in the Chapter
3
suggests that presidential political
regimes are associated with smaller size of total public spending, whereas
plurality in electoral rules seems to help curb only transfer spending. In
addition, results also suggest that countries with political decentralisation have
on average larger public transfer spending, corroborating collusion and fiscal
illusion hypothesis about decentralisation effects.
Chapter
4
aims to tests empirically the validity and rationale of the twin deficits
hypothesis and the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis using quarterly time series
data for Slovenian economy in the period
1994-2001.
The econometric
methodology is based on time series models with adhering tests
(autocorrelation test, unit root test and test of
cointegration).
The results
confirm significant relationship between government budget balance and
XXIV
current account providing some evidence in favor of twin deficits hypothesis in
Slovenia. But due to short period considered and disregarding the distinction
between temporary and permanent expenditures and output shocks we could
not reject the
intertemporal
approach. This finding suggests that Ricardian
equivalence might hold in longer term. In addition, the empirical results suggest
evidence of relatively low international capital mobility and moderate
regulation of domestic capital markets in Slovenia.
The evaluation of taxpayers' compliance costs has grown in significance within
tax system research over the last fifteen years. In
2001
two surveys of VAT and
personal income taxpayers were conducted to evaluate compliance costs for the
2000
fiscal year in Slovenia. Later in year
2003
the evaluation of compliance
costs for companies and of excise duties in Slovenia was made for the
2002
fiscal year. Chapter
5
about tax compliance costs in Slovenia presents the results
of both researches. The results show that compliance costs for personal income
tax are relatively low, primarily because most taxpayers consider filing their tax
declaration to be a simple procedure, which means that consultancy costs are
low. Relatively low compliance costs were evaluated for excise duties, while the
tax compliance costs for companies are relatively high. All evaluations showed
that tax compliance costs are regressive with higher burden for those with low
income. Aggregate tax compliance costs for company taxes (corporate income
tax, social security contributions (with payroll tax) and VAT) as a percentage of
GDP was evaluated at around
1%,
for personal income tax
0.18%
and for excise
duties
0.03%
of GDP.
The system of budget indicators of Slovene municipalities is intended to keep
the public informed about the formation and consumption of municipal budget
funds. Chapter
6
presents starting points for creating the system of indicators as
well as the structure of this system originating from the model of financing
Slovene municipalities. Five aggregated budget indicators involved are intended
for a synthetic presentation of public-finance developments in municipalities.
The paper presents some methods and examples of carrying out benchmarking
analyses by using multicriteria classification of municipalities. It includes
examples of municipality classification by several indicators. Analyses of time
modification of the indicators' value are presented via examples using trend
functions, correlation analysis and regression functions.
The research in Chapter
7
tries to investigate the performance of
58
Slovenian
administrative districts, which provide administration services for eight state
ministries. The data analysis was performed by using the machine learning tool
program RETIS, from the field of artificial intelligence. The results show large
differences in organizational efficiency (productivity) among Slovenian
XXV
administrative
districts
(up to ratio
1:10)
and general positive influence of
higher level of education on raise of productivity. The interesting behavioral
pattern was also found, where the highest (above average) level of education
often lowers the productivity. The research proves we could reject the
hypothesis that increased number of applications results in longer time for
processing, and offers completely opposite findings. The administrative
districts with highest number of applications per employee also show the
highest level of productivity and often highest share of cases solved within one
month.
Health care systems around the world are changing in different ways.
Financing, for one, is becoming increasingly difficult. The most important
reasons behind this development are increases in the volume and the quality of
medical treatment, financing methods and ageing populations. Efforts to
increase effectiveness and quality require an evaluation of the effectiveness of
the public sector. In the Chapter
8
are presented the projects which may serve
as a model for different analyses. First, the research conducted by the Faculty
of Public Administration in which the methods of establishing standards in
health care is presented. Next is a comparison in which costs in the secondary
health care system was conducted. This is followed by a case illustrating the
analysis of cost effectiveness of the primary health care system for the year
2002
and a comparison between public and private providers. Finally a project
introducing a special model of payment by groups of comparable cases (GCC)
is presented.
A hypothetical model for the construction and management of a hospital is
offered as an example of co-operation between the private and public sectors in
providing health care services.
XXVI |
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| geographic_facet | Slowenien |
| id | DE-604.BV022950824 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:02:13Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:08:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 961613969X 9789616139694 |
| language | Slovenian |
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| physical | XXVI, 220 S. graph. Darst. |
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| record_format | marc |
| series | Upravna misel |
| series2 | Upravna misel |
| spelling | Značilnosti javnega sektorja v Sloveniji in ugotavljanje njegove učinkovitosti urednici Stanka Setnikar Cankar ... Ljubljana Fak. za Upravo 2006 XXVI, 220 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Upravna misel 2 Öffentlicher Sektor (DE-588)4056673-0 gnd rswk-swf Effizienz (DE-588)4013585-8 gnd rswk-swf Slowenien (DE-588)4055302-4 gnd rswk-swf Slowenien (DE-588)4055302-4 g Öffentlicher Sektor (DE-588)4056673-0 s Effizienz (DE-588)4013585-8 s DE-604 Setnikar-Cankar, Stanka Sonstige oth Upravna misel 2 (DE-604)BV022950788 2 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016155293&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016155293&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Značilnosti javnega sektorja v Sloveniji in ugotavljanje njegove učinkovitosti Upravna misel Öffentlicher Sektor (DE-588)4056673-0 gnd Effizienz (DE-588)4013585-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056673-0 (DE-588)4013585-8 (DE-588)4055302-4 |
| title | Značilnosti javnega sektorja v Sloveniji in ugotavljanje njegove učinkovitosti |
| title_auth | Značilnosti javnega sektorja v Sloveniji in ugotavljanje njegove učinkovitosti |
| title_exact_search | Značilnosti javnega sektorja v Sloveniji in ugotavljanje njegove učinkovitosti |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Značilnosti javnega sektorja v Sloveniji in ugotavljanje njegove učinkovitosti |
| title_full | Značilnosti javnega sektorja v Sloveniji in ugotavljanje njegove učinkovitosti urednici Stanka Setnikar Cankar ... |
| title_fullStr | Značilnosti javnega sektorja v Sloveniji in ugotavljanje njegove učinkovitosti urednici Stanka Setnikar Cankar ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Značilnosti javnega sektorja v Sloveniji in ugotavljanje njegove učinkovitosti urednici Stanka Setnikar Cankar ... |
| title_short | Značilnosti javnega sektorja v Sloveniji in ugotavljanje njegove učinkovitosti |
| title_sort | znacilnosti javnega sektorja v sloveniji in ugotavljanje njegove ucinkovitosti |
| topic | Öffentlicher Sektor (DE-588)4056673-0 gnd Effizienz (DE-588)4013585-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Öffentlicher Sektor Effizienz Slowenien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016155293&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016155293&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV022950788 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT setnikarcankarstanka znacilnostijavnegasektorjavslovenijiinugotavljanjenjegoveucinkovitosti |