Tensions between legal, biological and social conceptions of parentage:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Antwerpen [u.a.]
Intersentia
2007
|
| Schriftenreihe: | European family law series
15 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXII, 391 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789050956468 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Tensions between legal, biological and social conceptions of parentage |c Ingeborg Schwenzer (ed.) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Antwerpen [u.a.] |b Intersentia |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXXII, 391 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a European family law series |v 15 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Biologie |2 idszbz | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Eltern |2 swd | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Elternrecht - Rechtsvergleichung - Kongressbericht |2 idsbb | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Elternschaft |2 idszbz | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Familienrecht |2 idszbz | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Familierecht | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Familierecht |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Internationaler Vergleich |2 idszbz | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Kind |2 swd | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Kindesrecht - Rechtsvergleichung - Kongressbericht |2 idsbb | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ouderschap | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Ouderschap |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Parents - Aspect sociologique - Congrès | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Parents - Droit - Congrès | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Parents et enfants (Droit) - Congrès | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Soziales |2 idszbz | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Parent and child (Law) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Parents |x Legal status, laws, etc | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Utrecht <2006> |2 swd | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schwenzer, Ingeborg |d 1951- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)109533313 |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137181143367680 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
PREFACE
...........................................................
v
AUTHORS
....................................................... xxxi
TENSIONS BETWEEN LEGAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
CONCEPTIONS OF PARENTAGE
Ingeborg
Schwenzer
............................................1
A· Introduction
....................................................1
B. Affiliation
......................................................3
I. Motherhood
...............................................3
II. Fatherhood
................................................4
1.
Children born in wedlock
................................5
a. Pater
est
quern nuptiae
demonstrant
....................5
b.
Challenging fatherhood
..............................6
2.
Children born out of wedlock
.............................7
a. Attribution of fatherhood
............................7
b. Challenging fatherhood
..............................8
с
Adjudication
.......................................8
III. Medically-assisted procreation
................................9
IV. Progressive summary
.......................................10
C. Parental responsibility
...........................................11
I. Notion
...................................................11
II. Attribution at birth
.........................................12
III. Change of parental responsibility
.............................13
IV. Stepfamilies
...............................................14
V. Foster families
.............................................15
VI. Progressive summary
.......................................16
D. Contact
.......................................................17
I. General
...................................................17
II. Persons
...................................................17
III. Enforcement
..............................................19
IV. Progressive summary
.......................................19
Intersentia
vii
Table
of
Contents
E.
Adoption......................................................20
I.
General...................................................20
II. Who may adopt whom?
.....................................
20
III. Consent by natural parents
..................................23
IV. Consequences
.............................................
24
V. Avoidance of adoption
......................................25
VI. Progressive summary
.......................................25
F. Summary
......................................................26
TENSIONS BETWEEN LEGAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
CONCEPTIONS OF PARENTAGE NATIONAL REPORT FOR AUSTRIA
Marco Nademleinsky
..........................................27
A. Affiliation
.....................................................27
Preface
........................................................27
I. General questions
..........................................27
1.
Are there presumptions of parentage? Do they differ
according to whether the mother giving birth to the child is
married or not?
........................................27
2.
Is medically assisted reproduction allowed? Who has access
(married heterosexual couples, cohabiting heterosexual
couples, lesbian couples, single women)? Is egg donation
allowed? Are surrogacy agreements enforceable?
............28
II. Fatherhood
...............................................29
1.
How is fatherhood established? What presumptions of
fatherhood exist (marriage, cohabitation, consent to medically
assisted reproduction)? Fatherhood by acknowledgement
(prerequisites, who must consent, case of otherwise
existing presumption)
...................................29
a. Overview
.........................................29
b. Paternity established by marriage
.....................30
с
Paternity established by acknowledgment
..............31
d. Paternity established by adjudication
..................31
2.
Challenging fatherhood. Who may challenge (presumed
father, his parents/heirs, child, mother, alleged true biologi¬
cal father
-
under what circumstances
-,
any interested person
the state)? Prerequisites for challenging, especially time
limits? The special case of heterologicai artificial insemina¬
tion; may the consenting husband/partner challenge his
fatherhood; the right of the child to know its origin?
.........32
^11
Intersentia
Table
of
Contents
a. Challenging paternity established by marriage
..........32
b. Challenging paternity established by acknowledgment
... 33
с
Challenging paternity established by adjudication
.......33
3.
Consensual change of fatherhood?
........................33
4.
Consequences of challenging fatherhood
...................33
III. Motherhood
..............................................34
1.
How is motherhood established? Presumption of
motherhood? Is there a presumption of parenthood in
case of a registered lesbian partnership/marriage for the
partner? Is there a possibility to give birth under X
(anonymous birth)?
....................................34
2.-4.
Challenging motherhood. Who may challenge (birth
giving mother, genetic mother, the
want-to-be^mother,
legal father, biological father, child, others)?
Prerequisites for challenging, especially time limits? The
special case of medically assisted procreation, especially with
reference to lesbian couples. Consensual
changement
of
motherhood? Consequences of challenging motherhood
.....35
B. Parental responsibility
...........................................35
I. Attribution at birth
.........................................35
1.
Married parents
.......................................35
2.
Non
married parents (cohabiting, not cohabiting, right of
the father to parental responsibility with/without consent
of mother, further prerequisites)
.........................36
3.-4.
Stepparents, registered homosexual partners with/without
consent of the biological parent(s)? Any person living
in a stable relationship with the biological parent
with/without consent of the biological parent(s)?
............36
II. Change of parental responsibility
.............................36
1.
Death or impairment of custodial parent/persons
...........36
2.
Conflicts between custodial parents/persons, especially
the case of divorce (sole custody, joint custody)
.............37
3.
Preferences (mother, friendly parent rule, primary caretaker,
biological parent, psychological parent, race, etc.)
...........37
HI. Stepfamilies
...............................................38
IV. Foster families
.............................................38
1.
Definition
............................................38
2.
Parental responsibility during cohabitation (extent, consent
of legal parent(s), in case of joint custody of legal parents)
___39
3.
Conflict between legal and foster parents; right of legal
parent to have child returned
............................40
Intersentia
ix
Table
of Contents
С.
Visitation/access
................................................40
I. General questions. The aims of visitation. Whose right (parent/
other, child)
...............................................40
II. Persons and conditions
.....................................41
1.
Biological/legal parents (unmarried father, after divorce,
when child is in foster care, after adoption), grandparents,
siblings, psychological parents/stepparents, others
...........41
2.
Details of visitation (extent, time, place), the relevance of
the wishes of the child, special circumstances (domestic
violence, alleged parental alienation syndrome), supervised
access
................................................42
III. Enforcement of visitation rights
..............................43
1.
Problems of relocation within the country/to another
country, necessity of court approval
.......................43
2.
Enforcement against the wishes of the child
/
the custodial
parent
................................................44
3.
General attitude in cases of international child abduction
.....44
D. Adoption
......................................................44
I. General questions
..........................................44
II. Who may adopt whom?
.....................................47
1.
Joint adoption of child not being related to one of the
adopters (by married heterosexual couple, by married/
registered same-sex couple, by any cohabiting couple,
by any two persons, who want to assume parental
responsibility together)
.................................47
2.—3.
Adoption of stepchild (by married heterosexual partner,
by married/registered samesex partner, any (cohabiting)
partner). Adoption by a single person
.....................47
4.
Age limits for adopter/adoptee
...........................47
5.
Prerequisite of adopter being childless, duration of
marriage/partnership in case of joint adoption/adoption
of stepchild
...........................................48
6.
Hierarchy of persons to be considered/given priority
(relatives, foster parents, etc.)
............................48
7.
No second adoption (adoption of an adopted child).
The special case of
intercultural
adoption
..................48
III. Further prerequisites
.......................................49
1.
The best interest of the child
.............................49
2.
Consent of child, mother, father (married/not married),
grandparents, other relatives of the child, children/partner
of the adopter, others. Possible substitution of consent
.......49
X Intersentia
Table of
Contents
3.
Preceding foster
care
...................................50
IV. Consequences of adoption
...................................50
1.
Full or simple adoption? One single type or different
types of adoption?
......................................50
2.
The right of the child to know his or her origins
.............51
V. Avoidance of adoption
......................................52
1.
Cases when avoidance is possible
.........................52
2.
The consequences of avoidance
..........................52
FILIATION, ADOPTION,
AUTORITÉ PARENTALE ET LE DROIT AUX
RELATIONS PERSONNELLES EN BELGIQUE
ANNO
2007
Gerd
Verschelden
.............................................53
A. Filiation
.......................................................53
I. Questions
générales ........................................
54
IL Paternité
..................................................56
III.
Maternité
.................................................64
B.
Autorité parentale
...............................................68
I.
Attribution dès la naissance
..................................68
IL Changement de l autorité parentale
...........................70
III.
«
Belles-familles
» ..........................................72
IV.
«
Familles
d accueñ
» .......................................73
C.
Droit aux relations personnelles
...................................74
I.
Questions générales
........................................74
IL Titulaires et conditions
......................................74
III.
Exécution des droits aux relations personnelles
..................78
D. Adoption
......................................................80
I.
Questions générales
........................................81
IL Qui peut adopter qui
?......................................83
III.
Autres exigences
...........................................85
IV.
Conséquences de l adoption
.................................87
V.
Annulation de l adoption
....................................88
Intersentia
Table
of
Contents
IA
TENSION
ENTRE LA FILIATION LÉGALE, BIOLOGIQUE ET
SOCIALE DANS LE DROIT QUÉBÉCOIS DE LA FILIATION
MariePratte
..................................................91
A. La filiation
.....................................................92
I.
La filiation par le sang
.......................................93
II.
La filiation paternelle
.......................................93
1.
L établissement de la paternité
...........................94
2.
La contestation de la paternité
...........................97
III.
La filiation maternelle
.......................................98
1.
L établissement de la maternité
...........................98
2.
La contestation de la maternité
...........................99
IV.
La filiation des enfants nés d une procréation assistée
...........100
1.
L accès à la procréation assistée
..........................101
2.
L établissement de la filiation
...........................102
3.
La filiation paternelle
..................................102
4.
La filiation maternelle
.................................103
V.
Le droit de l enfant de connaître ses origines
...................104
B. L autorité parentale
............................................105
I.
L attribution de l autorité parentale
..........................106
II.
Modification ou transfert de l autorité parentale
................106
1.
Inaptitude ou décès de l un des parents
...................106
2.
La famille déchirée par une séparation ou un divorce
.......107
3.
Les différentes formes de garde
..........................107
4.
Les critères d attribution de la garde
.....................107
5.
Les conséquences de l attribution de la garde
..............109
III.
La situation des familles recomposées
.........................109
1.
Les responsabilités parentales durant la vie commune de la
famille recomposée
....................................110
2.
La situation lors du démembrement de la famille
recomposée
..........................................110
IV.
La situation des familles d accueil
............................
Ш
1.
La situation de la famille d accueil
«
de fait
»...............111
2.
La situation de la famille ayant charge de l enfant placé
sous protection
.......................................111
C. L accès à l enfant
...............................................113
I.
L octroi du droit d accès
....................................113
1.
Les titulaires du droit d accès
...........................113
a. Code civil du Québec
..............................113
b. Loi sur le divorce
.................................114
2.
Les conditions d exercice du droit d accès
.................114
ХІІ
Intersentia
Table
of
Contents
II.
L exécution de l ordonnance d accès
..........................115
1.
Le problème du déménagement du parent gardien
.........115
a. Loi sur le divorce
.................................115
b. Code civil du Québec
.............................116
2.
Le refus de se conformer à l ordonnance
..................116
D. L adoption
....................................................116
I.
Les acteurs
:
qui peut adopter qui?
...........................117
1.
Les adoptants
........................................117
2.
L enfant admissible à l adoption
.........................118
a. Le consentement des père, mère ou tuteur
............118
b. La déclaration judiciaire d admissibilité à l adoption
___119
IL Les conséquences de l adoption
..............................120
1.
Adoption simple ou plénière
? ..........................120
2.
Le droit de l enfant de connaître ses origines
...............120
III.
La révocation de l adoption
.................................121
Conclusion
...................................................121
TENSIONS
BETWEEN LEGAL, BIOLOGICAL AND
SOCIAL
CONCEPTIONS
OF PARENTAGE. REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Nenad
Hlača
.................................................123
A. Affiliation
....................................................124
I. General questions
.........................................124
1.
Are there presumptions of parentage (fatherhood/
motherhood)? Do they differ according to whether the
mother giving birth to the child is married or not?
..........124
2.
Is medically assisted reproduction allowed? Who has access
(married heterosexual couples, cohabiting heterosexual
couples, lesbian couples and single women)? Is egg donation
allowed? Are surrogacy agreements enforceable?
...........125
II. Fatherhood
..............................................125
1.
How is fatherhood established? What presumptions of
fatherhood exist (marriage, cohabitation, consent to medically
assisted reproduction)? Fatherhood by acknowledgement
(prerequisites, who must consent, case of otherwise
existing presumption)
.................................125
Intersentia
ХІІІ
Table
of
Contents
2.
Challenging fatherhood. Who may challenge (presumed
father, his parents/heirs, child, mother, alleged true
biological father
-
under what circumstances
-,
any
interested person, the state)? Prerequisites for challenging,
especially time limits? The special case of metrological
artificial insemination; may the consenting husband/
partner challenge his fatherhood; the right of the child
to know its origin?
....................................126
3.
Consensual change of fatherhood?
.......................127
4.
Consequences of challenging fatherhood (custody,
visitation etc.)
........................................127
III. Motherhood
.............................................127
1.
How is motherhood established? Presumption of
motherhood? Is there a presumption of parenthood in
case of a registered lesbian partnership/marriage for the
partner? Is there a possibility to give birth under X
(anonymous birth)?
...................................127
2.
Challenging motherhood. Who may challenge (birth giving
mother, genetic mother, the
want-to-be^mother,
legal
father, biological father, child, others)? Prerequisites for
challenging, especially time limits? The special case of
medically assisted procreation, especially with reference to
lesbian couples
.......................................128
3.
Consensual change of motherhood?
......................128
4.
Consequences of challenging motherhood
................128
B. Parental responsibility
..........................................128
I. Attribution at birth
........................................128
1.
Married parents
......................................128
2.
Non
married parents (cohabiting, not cohabiting, right
of the father to parental responsibility with/without
consent of mother, further prerequisites)
.................129
3.
Stepparents, registered homosexual partners with/without
consent of the biological parent(s)?
......................129
4.
Any person living in a stable relationship with the
biological parent with/without consent of the biological
parent(s)?
............................................129
II. Change of parental responsibility
............................129
1.
Death or impairment of custodial parent/persons
..........129
2.
Conflicts between custodial parents/persons, especially the
case of divorce (sole custody, joint custody)
...............130
XIV
Intersentia
Table
of
Contents
3.
Preferences (mother, friendly parent rule, primary caretaker,
biological parent, psychological parent, race, etc.)
..........130
III. Stepfamilies
..............................................130
1.
Definition of stepfamily (marriage, cohabitation, same-sex
partnership)
.........................................130
2.
Parental responsibility during cohabitation (extent, consent
of legal parent(s), in case of joint custody of legal parents)
... 131
3.
Dissolution of the stepfamily by death/divorce. Possibility
for stepparent to get/keep parental responsibility/
guardianship with/without consent of legal parents
(criteria, preferences)
..................................131
IV. Foster families
............................................132
1.
Definition
...........................................132
2.
Parental responsibility/custodial rights of foster parents
with/without consent of legal parent(s) in the ongoing
foster family
.........................................132
3.
Conflicts between legal and foster parents, the right of
the legal parent(s) to have the child returned (criteria,
time limits, etc.)
......................................132
C. Visitation/access
...............................................133
I. General questions
.........................................133
II. Persons and conditions
....................................133
1.
Biological/legal parents (unmarried father, after divorce,
when child is in foster care, after adoption), grandparents,
siblings, psychological parents/stepparents, others
..........133
2.
Details of visitation (extent, time, place), the relevance of
the wishes of the child, special circumstances (domestic
violence, alleged parental alienation syndrome), supervised
access
...............................................133
III. Enforcement of visitation rights
.............................134
1.
Problems of relocation within the country/to another
country, necessity of court approval. Enforcement of the
visitation rights is under the judicial competence
...........134
2.
Enforcement against the wishes of the child/the custodial
parent?
..............................................134
3.
General attitude in cases of international child abduction
___134
Interserida
XV
Table of
Contents
D.
Adoption.....................................................134
I.
General
questions
.........................................134
II. Who may adopt whom?
....................................135
1.
Joint adoption of child not being related to one of the
adopters (by married heterosexual couple, by married/
registered same-sex couple, by any cohabiting couple,
by any two persons, who want to assume parental
responsibility together)
................................135
2.
Adoption of stepchild (by married heterosexual partner,
by married/registered same-sex partner, any (cohabiting)
partner)
.............................................135
3.
Adoption by a single person
............................135
4.
Age limits for adopter/adoptee (minimum/maximum)
......136
5.
Prerequisite of being childless for adopter, duration
of marriage/partnership in case of joint adoption/
adoption of a stepchild
.................................136
6.
Hierarchy of persons to be considered/given priority
(relatives, foster parents, etc.)
...........................136
7.
No second adoption (adoption of an adopted child).
The special case of
intercultural
adoption
.................136
III. Further prerequisites
......................................136
1.
Best interests of the child
...............................136
2.
Consent of child, mother, father (married/not married),
grandparents, other relatives of the child, children/
partner of the adopter, others. Possible substitution of
consent
.............................................137
3.
Preceding foster care
..................................137
IV. Consequences of adoption
..................................137
1.
Full or simple adoption? One single type or different
types of adoption?
.....................................137
2.
The right of the child to know its origins
..................138
V. Avoidance of adoption
.....................................138
1.
Cases when avoidance is possible
........................138
2.
The consequences of avoidance
.........................138
Selected bibliography
........................ .. 138
XV1
Interserida
Table
of
Contents
DANISH
REGULATION
OF THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP
CG.
Jeppesen
de
Boer and
A. Kronborg
..........................141
Introduction
.......................................................141
A. Parentage
.....................................................141
I. General aspects of parentage
................................ 141
II. Maternity
................................................ 142
III. Establishment of paternity
.................................. 143
IV. Challenging paternity
...................................... 144
B. Parental authority
.............................................. 145
I. General
..................................................145
II. Allocation of parental authority
.............................146
III. Impairment/death of the holder of parental authority
...........147
IV. Termination of joint parental authority
.......................148
V.
Reallocation
of sole parental authority to the other parent
.......149
VI. Stepfamilies
..............................................150
VII.
Foster families
............................................150
C. Contact
......................................................151
I. General
..................................................151
II. Conditions for contact
.....................................151
III. Enforcement of contact
....................................153
IV. Hearing of the child
.......................................153
D. Adoption
.....................................................153
I. General
..................................................153
II. Persons who may adopt
....................................154
HI. Conditions for adoption
...................................155
IV. Legal consequences of adoption
.............................156
V. Revocation of adoption
....................................156
Conclusion
........................................................157
THE TENSIONS BETWEEN LEGAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
CONCEPTIONS OF PARENTHOOD IN ENGLISH LAW
Eva
Steiner...................................................159
I. Legal aspects of the tensions between the different conceptions of
parenthood
...................................................160
A. Tensions between biological and legal conceptions of
parenthood
..............................................160
a) Mother and child
.....................................160
b) Father and child
......................................161
Intersentia
xvii
Table
of
Contents
В.
Tensions between biological and social conceptions of
parenthood
..............................................
164
1.
Acknowledgement by the law of the day-to-day care a
child receives
.........................................
164
2.
Should the issue of biological parentage be linked to the
issue of social relationship?
.............................166
II. Current trends on the concept of parenthood
.......................167
A. Presumption in favour of birth parents
.......................167
a) Foster parents
........................................168
b) Grand-parents
........................................169
c) Adoption
............................................169
II. The impact of the Human Rights Act
1998 ....................170
1.
The child s right to know one s parentage
.................170
2.
The child s mother and partner s right opposed to the
putative father s right to respect for their respective
private and family life
..................................173
3.
The right to be a parent
................................173
III. Conclusions
...................................................175
TENSIONS BETWEEN LEGAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
CONCEPTIONS OF PARENTAGE IN GERMAN LAW
Nina Dethloff in collaboration with Claudia Ramser
___..........177
A. Affiliation
....................................................177
I. In general
................................................177
1.
Are there presumptions of parentage (fatherhood/
motherhood)? Do they differ according to whether the
mother giving birth to the child is married or not?
..........177
2.
Is medically assisted reproduction allowed? Who has access
(married heterosexual couples, cohabiting heterosexual
couples, lesbian couples, single women)? Is egg donation
allowed? Are surrogacy agreements enforceable?
...........177
II. Fatherhood
..............................................179
1.
How is fatherhood established? What presumptions of
fatherhood exist (marriage, cohabitation, consent to
medically assisted reproduction)? Fatherhood by
acknowledgement (prerequisites, who must consent,
case of otherwise existing presumption)
..................179
a. Fatherhood on the basis of the mother s marriage
......179
b. Fatherhood by acknowledgement
...................180
xviii
Intersentia
Table
of Contents
с.
Fatherhood on the basis of a court determination
......181
2.
Challenging fatherhood. Who may challenge (presumed
father, his parents/heirs, child, mother, alleged true
biological father
—
under what circumstances
—,
any
interested person, the state)?
............................182
3.
Consensual changing of fatherhood?
.....................183
4.
Consequences of challenging fatherhood (custody,
visitation etc.)
........................................183
III. Motherhood
.............................................183
1.
How is motherhood established? Presumption of
motherhood? Is there a presumption of parenthood in
case of a registered lesbian partnership/marriage for
the partner? Is there a possibility to give birth under X
(anonymous birth)?
...................................183
2.
Challenging motherhood?
..............................184
3.
Consensual changing of motherhood?
....................184
B. Parental responsibility
..........................................184
I. Attribution at birth
........................................184
1.
Married parents
......................................184
a. Married at the time of the child s birth
...............184
b. Not married at that time but marry later
..............184
2.
Non-married parents (cohabiting, not cohabiting, right
of the father to parental responsibility with/without
consent of mother, further prerequisites)
.................185
3.
Stepparents, registered homosexual partners with/without
consent of the biological parent(s)?
......................186
4.
Any person living in a stable relationship with the
biological parent with/without consent of the biological
parent(s)?
...........................................187
II. Change of parental responsibility
............................187
1.
Death or impairment of custodial parent/persons
..........187
a. Death
...........................................187
b. Impairment
......................................188
2.
Conflicts between custodial parents/persons, especially
the case of divorce (sole custody, joint custody)
............188
3.
Preferences (mother, friendly parent rule, primary caretaker,
biological parent, psychological parent, race, etc.)
..........189
Intersentia
xix
Table
of
Contents
III.
Stepfamilies..............................................192
1. Definition
of stepfamily (marriage, cohabitation, same-sex
partnership)
.........................................192
2.
Parental responsibility during cohabitation (extent,
consent of legal parent(s), in case of joint custody of legal
parents)
.............................................192
3.
Dissolution of the stepfamily by death/divorce.
Possibility for stepparent to get/ keep parental
responsibility/ guardianship with/ without consent of
legal parents (criteria, preferences)
.......................192
IV. Foster families
............................................193
1.
Definition
...........................................193
2.
Parental responsibility/custodial rights of foster parents
with/without consent of legal parent(s) in the ongoing
foster family
.........................................193
3.
Conflicts between legal and foster parents, the right of the
legal parent(s) to have the child returned (criteria,
time limits, etc.)
......................................194
C. Visitation/access
...............................................195
I. General questions the aims of visitation. Whose right (parent/
other, child)
..............................................195
II. Persons and conditions
....................................195
1.
Biological/legal parents (unmarried father, after divorce,
when child is in foster care, after adoption), grandparents,
siblings, psychological parents/stepparents, others
..........195
2.
Details of visitation (extent, time and place), the relevance
of the wishes of the child, special circumstances (domestic
violence and alleged parental alienation syndrome),
supervised access
......................................196
III. Enforcement of visitation rights
.............................198
1.
Problems of relocation within the country or to another
country, necessity of court approval
......................198
2.
Enforcement against the wishes of the child/ the custodial
parent?
..............................................198
3.
General attitude in cases of international child abduction
___198
D. Adoption
.....................................................199
I. General questions the aims of adoption. Fostering and/versus
adoption. The societal attitudes towards adoption,
supporting adoption (financial support, parental leave etc.).
the legal mechanism of adoption (contract?), confidential
or open adoption?
....................................199
XX Intersentia
Table of
Contents
ii.
Who may adopt whom?
....................................201
1.
Joint adoption of
dűld
not being related to one of the
adopters (by married heterosexual couple, by married/
registered same-sex couple, by any cohabiting couple,
by any two persons who want to assume parental
responsibility together)
................................201
2.
Adoption of stepchild (by married heterosexual partner,
by married/registered same-sex partner or any (cohabiting)
partner)
.............................................202
3.
Adoption by a single person
............................202
4.
Age limits for adopter/ adoptee (minimum/maximum)
.....202
5.
Prerequisite of being childless for adopter, duration of
marriage/partnership in case of joint adoption/adoption
of a stepchild
.........................................202
6.
Hierarchy of persons to be considered/given priority
(relatives, foster parents, etc.)
...........................203
7.
No second adoption (adoption of an adopted child).
The special case of
intercultural
adoption
.................203
III. Further prerequisites
......................................204
1.
Best interests of the child
...............................204
2.
Consent of child, mother, father (married/not married),
grandparents, other relatives of the child, children/
partner of the adopter, others. Possible substitution of
consent
.............................................204
a. Consent of the child
...............................204
b. Consent of the biological parents
....................205
с
Consent of the spouse of the adopter and of the
adoptee
.........................................205
d. Indispensability and substitution of consent
...........206
3.
Preceding foster care
..................................207
IV. Consequence of adoption
..................................208
1.
Full or simple adoption? One single type or different
types of adoption?
.....................................208
2.
The right of the child to know its origins
..................209
V. Rescission of adoption
.....................................209
1.
Cases when rescission is possible
........................209
2.
The consequences of rescission
..........................210
Intersentia
ХХІ
Table
of
Contents
LE DROIT HELLENIQUE DE LA FILIATION
:
PARENTE BIOLOGIQUE
ET PARENTE SOCIO-SENTIMENTALE
A.C.
Papachristos
.............................................211
Introduction
.......................................................211
A. Parente
.......................................................211
I.
Questions générales
.......................................211
IL Paternité
.................................................212
1.
Enfants issus d un mariage
..............................212
1.1.
Présomption de paternité
..........................212
1.2.
Insémination artificielle
............................213
2.
Enfants nés hors mariage
...............................213
2.1.
Reconnaissance volontaire
.........................213
2.2.
Reconnaissance judiciaire
..........................213
III.
Maternité
................................................214
1.
Etablissement de la maternité par la naissance
.............214
2.
Gestation pour autrui
..................................214
B. Autorite parentale
..............................................214
I.
Enfants issus d un mariage
..................................214
1.
Pendant le mariage
....................................214
2.
Séparation de fait, divorce, annulation du mariage
.........215
3.
Décès d un époux
.....................................215
IL Enfants nés hors mariage
...................................215
1.
Enfants dont la paternité n est pas reconnue
...............215
2.
Enfants dont la paternité est reconnue volontairement ou
par décision judiciaire, mais à la demande du père (si la
mère n a pas donné son consentement à la reconnaissance
volontaire)
...........................................215
3.
Enfants dont la paternité est reconnue par décision
judiciaire, à l issue d une action en justice de la mère
ou de l enfant
........................................215
4.
Mariage des parents
...................................216
III.
Famüles
nourricières
.......................................216
C. Droit de visite
.................................................216
I.
Parents
..................................................216
IL Grands parents
...........................................217
D. Adoption
.....................................................217
I.
Généralités
...............................................217
II.
Adoption des mineurs
.....................................217
III.
Adoption des majeurs
......................................219
XXII
Intersentia
Table of
Contents
Conclusion
........................................................219
Bibliographie ......................................................220
TENSIONS BETWEEN LEGAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
CONCEPTIONS
ОБ
PARENTAGE
-
JAPAN
Emiko Kubono
................................................221
A. Affiliation
....................................................221
I. General questions
.........................................221
II. Fatherhood
..............................................222
III. Motherhood
.............................................225
B. Parental responsibility
..........................................226
I. Attribution at birth
........................................226
II. Change of parental authority
................................226
III. Stepfamilies
..............................................227
IV. Foster families
............................................228
С
Visitation/ access
...............................................228
I. General questions
.........................................228
II. Persons and conditions
....................................228
III. Enforcement of visitation rights
.............................229
D. Adoption
.....................................................229
I. General questions
.........................................229
II. Who may adopt whom?
....................................230
III. Further prerequisites
......................................231
IV. Consequences of adoption
..................................232
V. Avoidance of adoption
.....................................232
REGIONAL REPORT FROM MACAO SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE
REGION OF PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Paula
Nunes Correia..........................................
233
A. Affiliation
....................................................233
I. General questions
.........................................233
1.
Are there presumptions of parentage (fatherhood/
motherhood)? Do they differ according to whether the
mother giving birth to the child is married or not?
..........233
2.
Is medically assisted reproduction allowed? Who has access
(married heterosexual couples, cohabiting heterosexual
couples, lesbian couples, single women)? Is egg donation
allowed? Are surrogacy agreements enforceable?
...........235
Intersentia
xxiii
Table of
Contents
II. Fatherhood
..............................................
236
1.
How is fatherhood established? What presumptions of
fatherhood exist (marriage, cohabitation, consent to medically
assisted reproduction)? Fatherhood by acknowledgement
(prerequisites, who must consent, case of otherwise
existing presumption)
.................................236
2.
Challenging fatherhood. Who may challenge (presumed
father, his parents/heirs, child, mother, alleged true
biological father
—
under what circumstances
—,
any
interested person, the state)? Prerequisites for challenging,
especially time limits? The special case of heterological
artificial
insémination;
may the consenting husband/partner
challenge his fatherhood; the right of the child to
know its origin?
.......................................240
3.
Consensual change of fatherhood?
.......................243
4.
Consequences of challenging fatherhood (custody,
visitation, and so on)
..................................243
III. Motherhood
.............................................244
1.
How is motherhood established? Presumption of
motherhood? Is there a presumption of parenthood in case
of a registered lesbian partnership/marriage for the partner?
Is there a possibility to give birth under X (anonymous
birth)?
..............................................244
2.
Challenging motherhood. Who may challenge (birth
giving mother, genetic mother, the want-to-be mother,
legal father, biological father, child, others)? Prerequisites
for challenging, especially time limits? The special case of
medically assisted procreation, especially with reference to
lesbian couples
.......................................246
3.
Consensual change of motherhood?
......................247
4.
Consequences of challenging motherhood
................247
B. Parental responsibility
.........................................248
I. Attribution at birth
........................................249
1.
Married parents
......................................249
2.
Non
married parents (cohabiting, not cohabiting, right of
the father to parental responsibility with/without consent
of mother, further prerequisites)
........................250
3.
Stepparents, registered homosexual partners with/without
consent of biological parent(s)
.........................251
xxiv
r
mtersentia
Table
of Contents
4.
Any person living in a stable relationship with the
biological parent with/without consent of the biological
parent(s)?
...........................................251
II. Change of parental responsibility
............................251
1.
Death or impairment of custodial parent/persons
..........251
2.
Conflicts between custodial parents/persons, especially
the case of divorce (sole custody, joint custody)
............253
3.
Preferences (mother, friendly parent rule, primary
caretaker, biological parent, psychological parent, race,
and so on)
...........................................254
III. Stepfamilies
..............................................256
1.
Definition of stepfamily (marriage, cohabitation,
same-sex partnership)
.................................256
2.
Parental responsibility during cohabitation (extent,
consent of legal parent(s), in case of joint custody of
legal parents)
.........................................256
3.
Dissolution of the stepfamily by death/divorce. Possibility
for stepparent to get/keep parental responsibility/
guardianship with/without consent of legal parents
(criteria, preferences)
..................................257
IV. Foster families
............................................257
1.
Definition
...........................................257
2.
Parental responsibility/custodial rights of foster parents
with/without consent of legal parent(s) in the ongoing
foster family
.........................................259
3.
Conflicts between legal and foster parents, the right of
the legal parent(s) to have the child returned (criteria,
time limits, and so on)
.................................260
C. Visitation/access
...............................................261
I. General questions. The aims of visitation. Whose right
(parent/other, child)
.......................................261
II. Persons and conditions
....................................262
1.
Biołogical/łegal
parents (unmarried father, after divorce,
when child is in foster care, after adoption), grandparents,
siblings, psychological parents/stepparents, others
..........262
2.
Details of visitation (extent, time, place), the relevance of
the wishes of the child, special circumstances (domestic
violence, alleged parental alienation syndrome), supervised
access
...............................................263
Intersentia
XXV
Table
of
Contents
III. Enforcement of visitation rights
.............................264
1.
Problems of relocation within the country/to another
country, necessity of court approval
......................264
2.
Enforcement against the wishes of the child/the custodial
parent?
..............................................265
3.
General attitude in case of international child abduction
.... 265
D. Adoption
.....................................................266
I. General questions. The aims of adoption. Fostering and/versus
adoption. The societal attitudes towards adoption, supporting
adoption (financial support, parental leave, and so on).
The legal mechanism of adoption (contract?). Confidential
or open adoption
.........................................266
ii. Who may adopt whom?
....................................269
1.
Joint adoption of child not being related to one of the
adopters (by married heterosexual couple, by married/
registered same-sex couple, by any cohabiting couple,
by any two persons, who want to assume parental
responsibility together)
................................269
2.
Adoption of stepchild [by married heterosexual partner,
by married/registered same-sex partner, any (cohabiting)
partner]
.............................................269
3.
Adoption by a single person
............................269
4.
Age limits for adopter/adoptee (minimum/maximum)
......270
5.
Prerequisite of being childless for adopter, duration
of marriage/partnership in case of joint adoption/
adoption of a stepchild
.................................271
6.
Hierarchy of persons to be considered/given priority
(relatives, foster parents, and so on)
......................271
7.
No second adoption (adoption of an adopted child). The
special case of
intercultural
adoption
.....................272
III. Further prerequisites
......................................273
1.
Best interests of the child
...............................273
2.
Consent of child, mother, father (married/not married)
,
grandparents, other relatives of the child, children/
partner of the adopter, others. Possible substitution of
consent
.............................................273
3.
Preceding foster care
..................................275
IV. Consequences of adoption
..................................276
1.
Full or simple adoption? One single type or different
types of adoption?
.....................................276
2.
The right of the child to know its origins
..................277
Intersentia
Table
of
Contents
V. Avoidance of adoption
.....................................277
VI. Final remark
.............................................278
Abbreviations:
......................................................278
PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIPS IN DUTCH FAMILY LAW
Machteld
Vonk
..............................................279
Introduction
.......................................................279
A. Parentage
.....................................................281
B. Parental responsibility
..........................................287
С
Contact
......................................................296
D. Adoption
.....................................................299
E. Conclusion
...................................................306
LA TENSION
ENTRE
FILIATION
LEGALE,
BIOLOGIQUE ET
SOCIALE DANS LE DROIT DE LA FILIATION
Cristiana-Mihaela
Cräciunescu
and
Lucian Stângu
..............309
A. La filiation
....................................................309
I.
Questions générales
.......................................309
IL La paternité
..............................................309
III.
La maternité
.............................................311
B. La responsabilité parentale
......................................313
I.
Attribution à la naissance
...................................313
II.
Le changement de la responsabilité parentale
..................314
III.
Les familles recomposées
...................................315
IV.
Les familles d accueil
.......................................315
C. Droit de visite
.................................................316
I.
Questions générales
.......................................316
II.
Personnes et conditions
....................................316
III.
L exécution forcée du droit de visite
..........................317
D. Adoption
.....................................................318
I.
Questions générales
.......................................318
II.
Qui peut être adopté et par qui
?.............................318
III.
D autres conditions
........................................319
IV.
Les conséquences de l adoption
..............................320
V.
Opposition à J adoption
....................................320
Intersentia
ХХУІІ
Table
of
Contents
RECENT LEGAL REFORM
OF THE PARENTAGE
SERBIAN FAMILY LAW 321
Olga
Cvejic
Jančíc
............................................
..........321
A. Affiliation
......................................
j
I General issues of the fatherhood
.............................
.....326
II. Motherhood
.......................................
B. Parental responsibility
..........................................
^
I. Attribution at birth
........................................
II. Change of parental responsibility
............................
III. Stepfamffies
..............................................
IV. Foster families
............................................
C. Visitation access
...............................................
I. General questions, persons and conditions
....................
33
II. Enforcement of visitation rights
............................. 33
D. Adoption
.....................................................
I. Conditions for the validity of adoption
.......................
335
1.
Adoptive capacity of the child
...........................
335
2.
Adoptive capacity of adopters
...........................
33i)
3.
Other conditions
.....................................
337
4.
Legal consequences of adoption
.........................
o:>
5.
Proceeding of adoption
................................
3™
Conclusion
...................................................
PARENTAGE IN SWISS LAW
Andrea Büchler
and
Sibilla
Dickenmann........................
343
A. Introduction
..................................................343
I. Reality of parentage
.......................................343
II. Major reforms in family law
.................................344
B. Affiliation
....................................................344
I. Medically assisted reproduction
.............................344
II. Motherhood
.............................................345
HI. Paternity
.................................................346
1.
General Remarks
.....................................346
2.
Paternity and marriage
.................................346
3.
Paternity by acknowledgement
..........................347
4.
Paternity suit
.........................................348
5.
Contestation of paternity
...............................348
6.
Time limits of legal action and contestation
...............349
XXVUJ Intersentia
Table
of
Contents
C.
Adoption.....................................................350
I. Introduction
.............................................350
II. Requirements
............................................350
1.
Adoption of minors
...................................350
a. Joint adoption
...................................353
b. Single adoption
..................................353
2.
Adoption of majors and persons declared legally incapable
.. 354
III. Consequences of adoption
..................................354
D. Parental rights and duties
.......................................356
I. Introduction
.............................................356
II. Parental responsibility
.....................................356
1.
General remarks
......................................356
a. Nature and substance of parental responsibility
........356
b. Parents holding parental responsibility
...............357
2.
The attribution of parental responsibility at birth
..........357
a. Married parents
..................................357
b. Unmarried parents
................................357
с
Stepparents
......................................358
d. Registered same-sex partners
.......................358
3.
Change of parental responsibility
........................358
a. Death or impairment of custodial parents
............358
b. Divorce
.........................................359
4.
Foster families
........................................361
5.
Summary
............................................362
III. Visiting rights
............................................362
1.
Persons and conditions
................................362
a. Parents and children
..............................362
b. Third persons
....................................362
с
Affected persons
..................................363
d. Nature and extent of personal access
.................363
2.
Enforcement of visiting rights
...........................364
IV. Other parental rights and duties
.............................364
1.
Child maintenance
....................................364
a. Parents
..........................................364
b. Stepparents
......................................365
с
Foster parents
....................................365
2.
Maintenance and duration
.............................365
3.
Information rights
....................................366
E. Conclusion
...................................................366
Intersentia
ХХІХ
Table
of
Contents
PARENTHOOD IN TRANSITION: A UNITED STATES PERSPECTIVE
David D. Meyer
...............................................369
I. The traditional rules: clarity in the assignment and rights of parentage
.. 371
II. Blurring lines: family diversity and the new parenthood
..............375
III. The problem of conflicts: prioritizing social and biological bases
of parenthood
.................................................379
A. Mixed messages in the law of parent identity
...................380
B. Uncertainty in the scope of parental rights and obligations
.......383
Conclusion
........................................................386
ANNEX: QUESTIONNAIRE
.........................................387
xxx
|
| adam_txt |
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
PREFACE
.
v
AUTHORS
. xxxi
TENSIONS BETWEEN LEGAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
CONCEPTIONS OF PARENTAGE
Ingeborg
Schwenzer
.1
A· Introduction
.1
B. Affiliation
.3
I. Motherhood
.3
II. Fatherhood
.4
1.
Children born in wedlock
.5
a. Pater
est
quern nuptiae
demonstrant
.5
b.
Challenging fatherhood
.6
2.
Children born out of wedlock
.7
a. Attribution of fatherhood
.7
b. Challenging fatherhood
.8
с
Adjudication
.8
III. Medically-assisted procreation
.9
IV. Progressive summary
.10
C. Parental responsibility
.11
I. Notion
.11
II. Attribution at birth
.12
III. Change of parental responsibility
.13
IV. Stepfamilies
.14
V. Foster families
.15
VI. Progressive summary
.16
D. Contact
.17
I. General
.17
II. Persons
.17
III. Enforcement
.19
IV. Progressive summary
.19
Intersentia
vii
Table
of
Contents
E.
Adoption.20
I.
General.20
II. Who may adopt whom?
.
20
III. Consent by natural parents
.23
IV. Consequences
.
24
V. Avoidance of adoption
.25
VI. Progressive summary
.25
F. Summary
.26
TENSIONS BETWEEN LEGAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
CONCEPTIONS OF PARENTAGE NATIONAL REPORT FOR AUSTRIA
Marco Nademleinsky
.27
A. Affiliation
.27
Preface
.27
I. General questions
.27
1.
Are there presumptions of parentage? Do they differ
according to whether the mother giving birth to the child is
married or not?
.27
2.
Is medically assisted reproduction allowed? Who has access
(married heterosexual couples, cohabiting heterosexual
couples, lesbian couples, single women)? Is egg donation
allowed? Are surrogacy agreements enforceable?
.28
II. Fatherhood
.29
1.
How is fatherhood established? What presumptions of
fatherhood exist (marriage, cohabitation, consent to medically
assisted reproduction)? Fatherhood by acknowledgement
(prerequisites, who must consent, case of otherwise
existing presumption)
.29
a. Overview
.29
b. Paternity established by marriage
.30
с
Paternity established by acknowledgment
.31
d. Paternity established by adjudication
.31
2.
Challenging fatherhood. Who may challenge (presumed
father, his parents/heirs, child, mother, alleged true biologi¬
cal father
-
under what circumstances
-,
any interested person
the state)? Prerequisites for challenging, especially time
limits? The special case of heterologicai artificial insemina¬
tion; may the consenting husband/partner challenge his
fatherhood; the right of the child to know its origin?
.32
^11
Intersentia
Table
of
Contents
a. Challenging paternity established by marriage
.32
b. Challenging paternity established by acknowledgment
. 33
с
Challenging paternity established by adjudication
.33
3.
Consensual change of fatherhood?
.33
4.
Consequences of challenging fatherhood
.33
III. Motherhood
.34
1.
How is motherhood established? Presumption of
motherhood? Is there a presumption of parenthood in
case of a registered lesbian partnership/marriage for the
partner? Is there a possibility to "give birth under X"
(anonymous birth)?
.34
2.-4.
Challenging motherhood. Who may challenge (birth
giving mother, genetic mother, the
"want-to-be^mother,
legal father, biological father, child, others)?
Prerequisites for challenging, especially time limits? The
special case of medically assisted procreation, especially with
reference to lesbian couples. Consensual
changement
of
motherhood? Consequences of challenging motherhood
.35
B. Parental responsibility
.35
I. Attribution at birth
.35
1.
Married parents
.35
2.
Non
married parents (cohabiting, not cohabiting, right of
the father to parental responsibility with/without consent
of mother, further prerequisites)
.36
3.-4.
Stepparents, registered homosexual partners with/without
consent of the biological parent(s)? Any person living
in a stable relationship with the biological parent
with/without consent of the biological parent(s)?
.36
II. Change of parental responsibility
.36
1.
Death or impairment of custodial parent/persons
.36
2.
Conflicts between custodial parents/persons, especially
the case of divorce (sole custody, joint custody)
.37
3.
Preferences (mother, friendly parent rule, primary caretaker,
biological parent, psychological parent, race, etc.)
.37
HI. Stepfamilies
.38
IV. Foster families
.38
1.
Definition
.38
2.
Parental responsibility during cohabitation (extent, consent
of legal parent(s), in case of joint custody of legal parents)
_39
3.
Conflict between legal and foster parents; right of legal
parent to have child returned
.40
Intersentia
ix
Table
of Contents
С.
Visitation/access
.40
I. General questions. The aims of visitation. Whose right (parent/
other, child)
.40
II. Persons and conditions
.41
1.
Biological/legal parents (unmarried father, after divorce,
when child is in foster care, after adoption), grandparents,
siblings, psychological parents/stepparents, others
.41
2.
Details of visitation (extent, time, place), the relevance of
the wishes of the child, special circumstances (domestic
violence, alleged parental alienation syndrome), supervised
access
.42
III. Enforcement of visitation rights
.43
1.
Problems of relocation within the country/to another
country, necessity of court approval
.43
2.
Enforcement against the wishes of the child
/
the custodial
parent
.44
3.
General attitude in cases of international child abduction
.44
D. Adoption
.44
I. General questions
.44
II. Who may adopt whom?
.47
1.
Joint adoption of child not being related to one of the
adopters (by married heterosexual couple, by married/
registered same-sex couple, by any cohabiting couple,
by any two persons, who want to assume parental
responsibility together)
.47
2.—3.
Adoption of stepchild (by married heterosexual partner,
by married/registered samesex partner, any (cohabiting)
partner). Adoption by a single person
.47
4.
Age limits for adopter/adoptee
.47
5.
Prerequisite of adopter being childless, duration of
marriage/partnership in case of joint adoption/adoption
of stepchild
.48
6.
Hierarchy of persons to be considered/given priority
(relatives, foster parents, etc.)
.48
7.
No second adoption (adoption of an adopted child).
The special case of
intercultural
adoption
.48
III. Further prerequisites
.49
1.
The best interest of the child
.49
2.
Consent of child, mother, father (married/not married),
grandparents, other relatives of the child, children/partner
of the adopter, others. Possible substitution of consent
.49
X Intersentia
Table of
Contents
3.
Preceding foster
care
.50
IV. Consequences of adoption
.50
1.
"Full" or "simple" adoption? One single type or different
types of adoption?
.50
2.
The right of the child to know his or her origins
.51
V. Avoidance of adoption
.52
1.
Cases when avoidance is possible
.52
2.
The consequences of avoidance
.52
FILIATION, ADOPTION,
AUTORITÉ PARENTALE ET LE DROIT AUX
RELATIONS PERSONNELLES EN BELGIQUE
ANNO
2007
Gerd
Verschelden
.53
A. Filiation
.53
I. Questions
générales .
54
IL Paternité
.56
III.
Maternité
.64
B.
Autorité parentale
.68
I.
Attribution dès la naissance
.68
IL Changement de l'autorité parentale
.70
III.
«
Belles-familles
» .72
IV.
«
Familles
d'accueñ
» .73
C.
Droit aux relations personnelles
.74
I.
Questions générales
.74
IL Titulaires et conditions
.74
III.
Exécution des droits aux relations personnelles
.78
D. Adoption
.80
I.
Questions générales
.81
IL Qui peut adopter qui
?.83
III.
Autres exigences
.85
IV.
Conséquences de l'adoption
.87
V.
Annulation de l'adoption
.88
Intersentia
Table
of
Contents
IA
TENSION
ENTRE LA FILIATION LÉGALE, BIOLOGIQUE ET
SOCIALE DANS LE DROIT QUÉBÉCOIS DE LA FILIATION
MariePratte
.91
A. La filiation
.92
I.
La filiation par le sang
.93
II.
La filiation paternelle
.93
1.
L'établissement de la paternité
.94
2.
La contestation de la paternité
.97
III.
La filiation maternelle
.98
1.
L'établissement de la maternité
.98
2.
La contestation de la maternité
.99
IV.
La filiation des enfants nés d'une procréation assistée
.100
1.
L'accès à la procréation assistée
.101
2.
L'établissement de la filiation
.102
3.
La filiation paternelle
.102
4.
La filiation maternelle
.103
V.
Le droit de l'enfant de connaître ses origines
.104
B. L'autorité parentale
.105
I.
L'attribution de l'autorité parentale
.106
II.
Modification ou transfert de l'autorité parentale
.106
1.
Inaptitude ou décès de l'un des parents
.106
2.
La famille déchirée par une séparation ou un divorce
.107
3.
Les différentes formes de garde
.107
4.
Les critères d'attribution de la garde
.107
5.
Les conséquences de l'attribution de la garde
.109
III.
La situation des familles recomposées
.109
1.
Les responsabilités parentales durant la vie commune de la
famille recomposée
.110
2.
La situation lors du démembrement de la famille
recomposée
.110
IV.
La situation des familles d'accueil
.
Ш
1.
La situation de la famille d'accueil
«
de fait
».111
2.
La situation de la famille ayant charge de l'enfant placé
sous protection
.111
C. L'accès à l'enfant
.113
I.
L'octroi du droit d'accès
.113
1.
Les titulaires du droit d'accès
.113
a. Code civil du Québec
.113
b. Loi sur le divorce
.114
2.
Les conditions d'exercice du droit d'accès
.114
ХІІ
Intersentia
Table
of
Contents
II.
L'exécution de l'ordonnance d'accès
.115
1.
Le problème du déménagement du parent gardien
.115
a. Loi sur le divorce
.115
b. Code civil du Québec
.116
2.
Le refus de se conformer à l'ordonnance
.116
D. L'adoption
.116
I.
Les acteurs
:
qui peut adopter qui?
.117
1.
Les adoptants
.117
2.
L'enfant admissible à l'adoption
.118
a. Le consentement des père, mère ou tuteur
.118
b. La déclaration judiciaire d'admissibilité à l'adoption
_119
IL Les conséquences de l'adoption
.120
1.
Adoption simple ou plénière
? .120
2.
Le droit de l'enfant de connaître ses origines
.120
III.
La révocation de l'adoption
.121
Conclusion
.121
TENSIONS
BETWEEN LEGAL, BIOLOGICAL AND
SOCIAL
CONCEPTIONS
OF PARENTAGE. REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Nenad
Hlača
.123
A. Affiliation
.124
I. General questions
.124
1.
Are there presumptions of parentage (fatherhood/
motherhood)? Do they differ according to whether the
mother giving birth to the child is married or not?
.124
2.
Is medically assisted reproduction allowed? Who has access
(married heterosexual couples, cohabiting heterosexual
couples, lesbian couples and single women)? Is egg donation
allowed? Are surrogacy agreements enforceable?
.125
II. Fatherhood
.125
1.
How is fatherhood established? What presumptions of
fatherhood exist (marriage, cohabitation, consent to medically
assisted reproduction)? Fatherhood by acknowledgement
(prerequisites, who must consent, case of otherwise
existing presumption)
.125
Intersentia
ХІІІ
Table
of
Contents
2.
Challenging fatherhood. Who may challenge (presumed
father, his parents/heirs, child, mother, alleged true
biological father
-
under what circumstances
-,
any
interested person, the state)? Prerequisites for challenging,
especially time limits? The special case of metrological
artificial insemination; may the consenting husband/
partner challenge his fatherhood; the right of the child
to know its origin?
.126
3.
Consensual change of fatherhood?
.127
4.
Consequences of challenging fatherhood (custody,
visitation etc.)
.127
III. Motherhood
.127
1.
How is motherhood established? Presumption of
motherhood? Is there a presumption of parenthood in
case of a registered lesbian partnership/marriage for the
partner? Is there a possibility to "give birth under X"
(anonymous birth)?
.127
2.
Challenging motherhood. Who may challenge (birth giving
mother, genetic mother, the
"want-to-be^mother,
legal
father, biological father, child, others)? Prerequisites for
challenging, especially time limits? The special case of
medically assisted procreation, especially with reference to
lesbian couples
.128
3.
Consensual change of motherhood?
.128
4.
Consequences of challenging motherhood
.128
B. Parental responsibility
.128
I. Attribution at birth
.128
1.
Married parents
.128
2.
Non
married parents (cohabiting, not cohabiting, right
of the father to parental responsibility with/without
consent of mother, further prerequisites)
.129
3.
Stepparents, registered homosexual partners with/without
consent of the biological parent(s)?
.129
4.
Any person living in a stable relationship with the
biological parent with/without consent of the biological
parent(s)?
.129
II. Change of parental responsibility
.129
1.
Death or impairment of custodial parent/persons
.129
2.
Conflicts between custodial parents/persons, especially the
case of divorce (sole custody, joint custody)
.130
XIV
Intersentia
Table
of
Contents
3.
Preferences (mother, friendly parent rule, primary caretaker,
biological parent, psychological parent, race, etc.)
.130
III. Stepfamilies
.130
1.
Definition of stepfamily (marriage, cohabitation, same-sex
partnership)
.130
2.
Parental responsibility during cohabitation (extent, consent
of legal parent(s), in case of joint custody of legal parents)
. 131
3.
Dissolution of the stepfamily by death/divorce. Possibility
for stepparent to get/keep parental responsibility/
guardianship with/without consent of legal parents
(criteria, preferences)
.131
IV. Foster families
.132
1.
Definition
.132
2.
Parental responsibility/custodial rights of foster parents
with/without consent of legal parent(s) in the ongoing
foster family
.132
3.
Conflicts between legal and foster parents, the right of
the legal parent(s) to have the child returned (criteria,
time limits, etc.)
.132
C. Visitation/access
.133
I. General questions
.133
II. Persons and conditions
.133
1.
Biological/legal parents (unmarried father, after divorce,
when child is in foster care, after adoption), grandparents,
siblings, psychological parents/stepparents, others
.133
2.
Details of visitation (extent, time, place), the relevance of
the wishes of the child, special circumstances (domestic
violence, alleged parental alienation syndrome), supervised
access
.133
III. Enforcement of visitation rights
.134
1.
Problems of relocation within the country/to another
country, necessity of court approval. Enforcement of the
visitation rights is under the judicial competence
.134
2.
Enforcement against the wishes of the child/the custodial
parent?
.134
3.
General attitude in cases of international child abduction
_134
Interserida
XV
Table of
Contents
D.
Adoption.134
I.
General
questions
.134
II. Who may adopt whom?
.135
1.
Joint adoption of child not being related to one of the
adopters (by married heterosexual couple, by married/
registered same-sex couple, by any cohabiting couple,
by any two persons, who want to assume parental
responsibility together)
.135
2.
Adoption of stepchild (by married heterosexual partner,
by married/registered same-sex partner, any (cohabiting)
partner)
.135
3.
Adoption by a single person
.135
4.
Age limits for adopter/adoptee (minimum/maximum)
.136
5.
Prerequisite of being childless for adopter, duration
of marriage/partnership in case of joint adoption/
adoption of a stepchild
.136
6.
Hierarchy of persons to be considered/given priority
(relatives, foster parents, etc.)
.136
7.
No second adoption (adoption of an adopted child).
The special case of
intercultural
adoption
.136
III. Further prerequisites
.136
1.
Best interests of the child
.136
2.
Consent of child, mother, father (married/not married),
grandparents, other relatives of the child, children/
partner of the adopter, others. Possible substitution of
consent
.137
3.
Preceding foster care
.137
IV. Consequences of adoption
.137
1.
"Full" or "simple" adoption? One single type or different
types of adoption?
.137
2.
The right of the child to know its origins
.138
V. Avoidance of adoption
.138
1.
Cases when avoidance is possible
.138
2.
The consequences of avoidance
.138
Selected bibliography
. . 138
XV1
Interserida
Table
of
Contents
DANISH
REGULATION
OF THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP
CG.
Jeppesen
de
Boer and
A. Kronborg
.141
Introduction
.141
A. Parentage
.141
I. General aspects of parentage
. 141
II. Maternity
. 142
III. Establishment of paternity
. 143
IV. Challenging paternity
. 144
B. Parental authority
. 145
I. General
.145
II. Allocation of parental authority
.146
III. Impairment/death of the holder of parental authority
.147
IV. Termination of joint parental authority
.148
V.
Reallocation
of sole parental authority to the other parent
.149
VI. Stepfamilies
.150
VII.
Foster families
.150
C. Contact
.151
I. General
.151
II. Conditions for contact
.151
III. Enforcement of contact
.153
IV. Hearing of the child
.153
D. Adoption
.153
I. General
.153
II. Persons who may adopt
.154
HI. Conditions for adoption
.155
IV. Legal consequences of adoption
.156
V. Revocation of adoption
.156
Conclusion
.157
THE TENSIONS BETWEEN LEGAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
CONCEPTIONS OF PARENTHOOD IN ENGLISH LAW
Eva
Steiner.159
I. Legal aspects of the tensions between the different conceptions of
parenthood
.160
A. Tensions between biological and legal conceptions of
parenthood
.160
a) Mother and child
.160
b) Father and child
.161
Intersentia
xvii
Table
of
Contents
В.
Tensions between biological and social conceptions of
parenthood
.
164
1.
Acknowledgement by the law of the day-to-day care a
child receives
.
164
2.
Should the issue of biological parentage be linked to the
issue of social relationship?
.166
II. Current trends on the concept of parenthood
.167
A. Presumption in favour of birth parents
.167
a) Foster parents
.168
b) Grand-parents
.169
c) Adoption
.169
II. The impact of the Human Rights Act
1998 .170
1.
The child's right to know one's parentage
.170
2.
The child's mother and partner's right opposed to the
putative father's right to respect for their respective
private and family life
.173
3.
The right to be a parent
.173
III. Conclusions
.175
TENSIONS BETWEEN LEGAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
CONCEPTIONS OF PARENTAGE IN GERMAN LAW
Nina Dethloff in collaboration with Claudia Ramser
_.177
A. Affiliation
.177
I. In general
.177
1.
Are there presumptions of parentage (fatherhood/
motherhood)? Do they differ according to whether the
mother giving birth to the child is married or not?
.177
2.
Is medically assisted reproduction allowed? Who has access
(married heterosexual couples, cohabiting heterosexual
couples, lesbian couples, single women)? Is egg donation
allowed? Are surrogacy agreements enforceable?
.177
II. Fatherhood
.179
1.
How is fatherhood established? What presumptions of
fatherhood exist (marriage, cohabitation, consent to
medically assisted reproduction)? Fatherhood by
acknowledgement (prerequisites, who must consent,
case of otherwise existing presumption)
.179
a. Fatherhood on the basis of the mother's marriage
.179
b. Fatherhood by acknowledgement
.180
xviii
Intersentia
Table
of Contents
с.
Fatherhood on the basis of a court determination
.181
2.
Challenging fatherhood. Who may challenge (presumed
father, his parents/heirs, child, mother, alleged true
biological father
—
under what circumstances
—,
any
interested person, the state)?
.182
3.
Consensual changing of fatherhood?
.183
4.
Consequences of challenging fatherhood (custody,
visitation etc.)
.183
III. Motherhood
.183
1.
How is motherhood established? Presumption of
motherhood? Is there a presumption of parenthood in
case of a registered lesbian partnership/marriage for
the partner? Is there a possibility to "give birth under X"
(anonymous birth)?
.183
2.
Challenging motherhood?
.184
3.
Consensual changing of motherhood?
.184
B. Parental responsibility
.184
I. Attribution at birth
.184
1.
Married parents
.184
a. Married at the time of the child's birth
.184
b. Not married at that time but marry later
.184
2.
Non-married parents (cohabiting, not cohabiting, right
of the father to parental responsibility with/without
consent of mother, further prerequisites)
.185
3.
Stepparents, registered homosexual partners with/without
consent of the biological parent(s)?
.186
4.
Any person living in a stable relationship with the
biological parent with/without consent of the biological
parent(s)?
.187
II. Change of parental responsibility
.187
1.
Death or impairment of custodial parent/persons
.187
a. Death
.187
b. Impairment
.188
2.
Conflicts between custodial parents/persons, especially
the case of divorce (sole custody, joint custody)
.188
3.
Preferences (mother, friendly parent rule, primary caretaker,
biological parent, psychological parent, race, etc.)
.189
Intersentia
xix
Table
of
Contents
III.
Stepfamilies.192
1. Definition
of stepfamily (marriage, cohabitation, same-sex
partnership)
.192
2.
Parental responsibility during cohabitation (extent,
consent of legal parent(s), in case of joint custody of legal
parents)
.192
3.
Dissolution of the stepfamily by death/divorce.
Possibility for stepparent to get/ keep parental
responsibility/ guardianship with/ without consent of
legal parents (criteria, preferences)
.192
IV. Foster families
.193
1.
Definition
.193
2.
Parental responsibility/custodial rights of foster parents
with/without consent of legal parent(s) in the ongoing
foster family
.193
3.
Conflicts between legal and foster parents, the right of the
legal parent(s) to have the child returned (criteria,
time limits, etc.)
.194
C. Visitation/access
.195
I. General questions the aims of visitation. Whose right (parent/
other, child)
.195
II. Persons and conditions
.195
1.
Biological/legal parents (unmarried father, after divorce,
when child is in foster care, after adoption), grandparents,
siblings, psychological parents/stepparents, others
.195
2.
Details of visitation (extent, time and place), the relevance
of the wishes of the child, special circumstances (domestic
violence and alleged parental alienation syndrome),
supervised access
.196
III. Enforcement of visitation rights
.198
1.
Problems of relocation within the country or to another
country, necessity of court approval
.198
2.
Enforcement against the wishes of the child/ the custodial
parent?
.198
3.
General attitude in cases of international child abduction
_198
D. Adoption
.199
I. General questions the aims of adoption. Fostering and/versus
adoption. The societal attitudes towards adoption,
supporting adoption (financial support, parental leave etc.).
the legal mechanism of adoption (contract?), confidential
or open adoption?
.199
XX Intersentia
Table of
Contents
ii.
Who may adopt whom?
.201
1.
Joint adoption of
dűld
not being related to one of the
adopters (by married heterosexual couple, by married/
registered same-sex couple, by any cohabiting couple,
by any two persons who want to assume parental
responsibility together)
.201
2.
Adoption of stepchild (by married heterosexual partner,
by married/registered same-sex partner or any (cohabiting)
partner)
.202
3.
Adoption by a single person
.202
4.
Age limits for adopter/ adoptee (minimum/maximum)
.202
5.
Prerequisite of being childless for adopter, duration of
marriage/partnership in case of joint adoption/adoption
of a stepchild
.202
6.
Hierarchy of persons to be considered/given priority
(relatives, foster parents, etc.)
.203
7.
No second adoption (adoption of an adopted child).
The special case of
intercultural
adoption
.203
III. Further prerequisites
.204
1.
Best interests of the child
.204
2.
Consent of child, mother, father (married/not married),
grandparents, other relatives of the child, children/
partner of the adopter, others. Possible substitution of
consent
.204
a. Consent of the child
.204
b. Consent of the biological parents
.205
с
Consent of the spouse of the adopter and of the
adoptee
.205
d. Indispensability and substitution of consent
.206
3.
Preceding foster care
.207
IV. Consequence of adoption
.208
1.
"Full" or "simple" adoption? One single type or different
types of adoption?
.208
2.
The right of the child to know its origins
.209
V. Rescission of adoption
.209
1.
Cases when rescission is possible
.209
2.
The consequences of rescission
.210
Intersentia
ХХІ
Table
of
Contents
LE DROIT HELLENIQUE DE LA FILIATION
:
PARENTE BIOLOGIQUE
ET PARENTE SOCIO-SENTIMENTALE
A.C.
Papachristos
.211
Introduction
.211
A. Parente
.211
I.
Questions générales
.211
IL Paternité
.212
1.
Enfants issus d'un mariage
.212
1.1.
Présomption de paternité
.212
1.2.
Insémination artificielle
.213
2.
Enfants nés hors mariage
.213
2.1.
Reconnaissance volontaire
.213
2.2.
Reconnaissance judiciaire
.213
III.
Maternité
.214
1.
Etablissement de la maternité par la naissance
.214
2.
Gestation pour autrui
.214
B. Autorite parentale
.214
I.
Enfants issus d'un mariage
.214
1.
Pendant le mariage
.214
2.
Séparation de fait, divorce, annulation du mariage
.215
3.
Décès d'un époux
.215
IL Enfants nés hors mariage
.215
1.
Enfants dont la paternité n'est pas reconnue
.215
2.
Enfants dont la paternité est reconnue volontairement ou
par décision judiciaire, mais à la demande du père (si la
mère n'a pas donné son consentement à la reconnaissance
volontaire)
.215
3.
Enfants dont la paternité est reconnue par décision
judiciaire, à l'issue d'une action en justice de la mère
ou de l'enfant
.215
4.
Mariage des parents
.216
III.
Famüles
nourricières
.216
C. Droit de visite
.216
I.
Parents
.216
IL Grands parents
.217
D. Adoption
.217
I.
Généralités
.217
II.
Adoption des mineurs
.217
III.
Adoption des majeurs
.219
XXII
Intersentia
Table of
Contents
Conclusion
.219
Bibliographie .220
TENSIONS BETWEEN LEGAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
CONCEPTIONS
ОБ
PARENTAGE
-
JAPAN
Emiko Kubono
.221
A. Affiliation
.221
I. General questions
.221
II. Fatherhood
.222
III. Motherhood
.225
B. Parental responsibility
.226
I. Attribution at birth
.226
II. Change of parental authority
.226
III. Stepfamilies
.227
IV. Foster families
.228
С
Visitation/ access
.228
I. General questions
.228
II. Persons and conditions
.228
III. Enforcement of visitation rights
.229
D. Adoption
.229
I. General questions
.229
II. Who may adopt whom?
.230
III. Further prerequisites
.231
IV. Consequences of adoption
.232
V. Avoidance of adoption
.232
REGIONAL REPORT FROM MACAO SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE
REGION OF PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Paula
Nunes Correia.
233
A. Affiliation
.233
I. General questions
.233
1.
Are there presumptions of parentage (fatherhood/
motherhood)? Do they differ according to whether the
mother giving birth to the child is married or not?
.233
2.
Is medically assisted reproduction allowed? Who has access
(married heterosexual couples, cohabiting heterosexual
couples, lesbian couples, single women)? Is egg donation
allowed? Are surrogacy agreements enforceable?
.235
Intersentia
xxiii
Table of
Contents
II. Fatherhood
.
236
1.
How is fatherhood established? What presumptions of
fatherhood exist (marriage, cohabitation, consent to medically
assisted reproduction)? Fatherhood by acknowledgement
(prerequisites, who must consent, case of otherwise
existing presumption)
.236
2.
Challenging fatherhood. Who may challenge (presumed
father, his parents/heirs, child, mother, alleged true
biological father
—
under what circumstances
—,
any
interested person, the state)? Prerequisites for challenging,
especially time limits? The special case of heterological
artificial
insémination;
may the consenting husband/partner
challenge his fatherhood; the right of the child to
know its origin?
.240
3.
Consensual change of fatherhood?
.243
4.
Consequences of challenging fatherhood (custody,
visitation, and so on)
.243
III. Motherhood
.244
1.
How is motherhood established? Presumption of
motherhood? Is there a presumption of parenthood in case
of a registered lesbian partnership/marriage for the partner?
Is there a possibility to "give birth under X"(anonymous
birth)?
.244
2.
Challenging motherhood. Who may challenge (birth
giving mother, genetic mother, the "want-to-be" mother,
legal father, biological father, child, others)? Prerequisites
for challenging, especially time limits? The special case of
medically assisted procreation, especially with reference to
lesbian couples
.246
3.
Consensual change of motherhood?
.247
4.
Consequences of challenging motherhood
.247
B. Parental responsibility
.248
I. Attribution at birth
.249
1.
Married parents
.249
2.
Non
married parents (cohabiting, not cohabiting, right of
the father to parental responsibility with/without consent
of mother, further prerequisites)
.250
3.
Stepparents, registered homosexual partners with/without
consent of biological parent(s)
.251
xxiv
r
mtersentia
Table
of Contents
4.
Any person living in a stable relationship with the
biological parent with/without consent of the biological
parent(s)?
.251
II. Change of parental responsibility
.251
1.
Death or impairment of custodial parent/persons
.251
2.
Conflicts between custodial parents/persons, especially
the case of divorce (sole custody, joint custody)
.253
3.
Preferences (mother, friendly parent rule, primary
caretaker, biological parent, psychological parent, race,
and so on)
.254
III. Stepfamilies
.256
1.
Definition of stepfamily (marriage, cohabitation,
same-sex partnership)
.256
2.
Parental responsibility during cohabitation (extent,
consent of legal parent(s), in case of joint custody of
legal parents)
.256
3.
Dissolution of the stepfamily by death/divorce. Possibility
for stepparent to get/keep parental responsibility/
guardianship with/without consent of legal parents
(criteria, preferences)
.257
IV. Foster families
.257
1.
Definition
.257
2.
Parental responsibility/custodial rights of foster parents
with/without consent of legal parent(s) in the ongoing
foster family
.259
3.
Conflicts between legal and foster parents, the right of
the legal parent(s) to have the child returned (criteria,
time limits, and so on)
.260
C. Visitation/access
.261
I. General questions. The aims of visitation. Whose right
(parent/other, child)
.261
II. Persons and conditions
.262
1.
Biołogical/łegal
parents (unmarried father, after divorce,
when child is in foster care, after adoption), grandparents,
siblings, psychological parents/stepparents, others
.262
2.
Details of visitation (extent, time, place), the relevance of
the wishes of the child, special circumstances (domestic
violence, alleged parental alienation syndrome), supervised
access
.263
Intersentia
XXV
Table
of
Contents
III. Enforcement of visitation rights
.264
1.
Problems of relocation within the country/to another
country, necessity of court approval
.264
2.
Enforcement against the wishes of the child/the custodial
parent?
.265
3.
General attitude in case of international child abduction
. 265
D. Adoption
.266
I. General questions. The aims of adoption. Fostering and/versus
adoption. The societal attitudes towards adoption, supporting
adoption (financial support, parental leave, and so on).
The legal mechanism of adoption (contract?). Confidential
or open adoption
.266
ii. Who may adopt whom?
.269
1.
Joint adoption of child not being related to one of the
adopters (by married heterosexual couple, by married/
registered same-sex couple, by any cohabiting couple,
by any two persons, who want to assume parental
responsibility together)
.269
2.
Adoption of stepchild [by married heterosexual partner,
by married/registered same-sex partner, any (cohabiting)
partner]
.269
3.
Adoption by a single person
.269
4.
Age limits for adopter/adoptee (minimum/maximum)
.270
5.
Prerequisite of being childless for adopter, duration
of marriage/partnership in case of joint adoption/
adoption of a stepchild
.271
6.
Hierarchy of persons to be considered/given priority
(relatives, foster parents, and so on)
.271
7.
No second adoption (adoption of an adopted child). The
special case of
intercultural
adoption
.272
III. Further prerequisites
.273
1.
Best interests of the child
.273
2.
Consent of child, mother, father (married/not married)
,
grandparents, other relatives of the child, children/
partner of the adopter, others. Possible substitution of
consent
.273
3.
Preceding foster care
.275
IV. Consequences of adoption
.276
1.
"Full" or "simple" adoption? One single type or different
types of adoption?
.276
2.
The right of the child to know its origins
.277
Intersentia
Table
of
Contents
V. Avoidance of adoption
.277
VI. Final remark
.278
Abbreviations:
.278
PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIPS IN DUTCH FAMILY LAW
Machteld
Vonk
.279
Introduction
.279
A. Parentage
.281
B. Parental responsibility
.287
С
Contact
.296
D. Adoption
.299
E. Conclusion
.306
LA TENSION
ENTRE
FILIATION
LEGALE,
BIOLOGIQUE ET
SOCIALE DANS LE DROIT DE LA FILIATION
Cristiana-Mihaela
Cräciunescu
and
Lucian Stângu
.309
A. La filiation
.309
I.
Questions générales
.309
IL La paternité
.309
III.
La maternité
.311
B. La responsabilité parentale
.313
I.
Attribution à la naissance
.313
II.
Le changement de la responsabilité parentale
.314
III.
Les familles recomposées
.315
IV.
Les familles d'accueil
.315
C. Droit de visite
.316
I.
Questions générales
.316
II.
Personnes et conditions
.316
III.
L'exécution forcée du droit de visite
.317
D. Adoption
.318
I.
Questions générales
.318
II.
Qui peut être adopté et par qui
?.318
III.
D'autres conditions
.319
IV.
Les conséquences de l'adoption
.320
V.
Opposition à J'adoption
.320
Intersentia
ХХУІІ
Table
of
Contents
RECENT LEGAL REFORM
OF THE PARENTAGE
SERBIAN FAMILY LAW 321
Olga
Cvejic
Jančíc
.
.321
A. Affiliation
.
j
I General issues of the fatherhood
.
.326
II. Motherhood
.
B. Parental responsibility
.
^
I. Attribution at birth
.
II. Change of parental responsibility
.
III. Stepfamffies
.
IV. Foster families
.
C. Visitation access
.
I. General questions, persons and conditions
.
33
II. Enforcement of visitation rights
. 33
D. Adoption
.
I. Conditions for the validity of adoption
.
335
1.
Adoptive capacity of the child
.
335
2.
Adoptive capacity of adopters
.
33i)
3.
Other conditions
.
337
4.
Legal consequences of adoption
.
o:>'
5.
Proceeding of adoption
.
3™
Conclusion
.
PARENTAGE IN SWISS LAW
Andrea Büchler
and
Sibilla
Dickenmann.
343
A. Introduction
.343
I. Reality of parentage
.343
II. Major reforms in family law
.344
B. Affiliation
.344
I. Medically assisted reproduction
.344
II. Motherhood
.345
HI. Paternity
.346
1.
General Remarks
.346
2.
Paternity and marriage
.346
3.
Paternity by acknowledgement
.347
4.
Paternity suit
.348
5.
Contestation of paternity
.348
6.
Time limits of legal action and contestation
.349
XXVUJ Intersentia
Table
of
Contents
C.
Adoption.350
I. Introduction
.350
II. Requirements
.350
1.
Adoption of minors
.350
a. Joint adoption
.353
b. Single adoption
.353
2.
Adoption of majors and persons declared legally incapable
. 354
III. Consequences of adoption
.354
D. Parental rights and duties
.356
I. Introduction
.356
II. Parental responsibility
.356
1.
General remarks
.356
a. Nature and substance of parental responsibility
.356
b. Parents holding parental responsibility
.357
2.
The attribution of parental responsibility at birth
.357
a. Married parents
.357
b. Unmarried parents
.357
с
Stepparents
.358
d. Registered same-sex partners
.358
3.
Change of parental responsibility
.358
a. Death or impairment of custodial parents
.358
b. Divorce
.359
4.
Foster families
.361
5.
Summary
.362
III. Visiting rights
.362
1.
Persons and conditions
.362
a. Parents and children
.362
b. Third persons
.362
с
Affected persons
.363
d. Nature and extent of personal access
.363
2.
Enforcement of visiting rights
.364
IV. Other parental rights and duties
.364
1.
Child maintenance
.364
a. Parents
.364
b. Stepparents
.365
с
Foster parents
.365
2.
Maintenance and duration
.365
3.
Information rights
.366
E. Conclusion
.366
Intersentia
ХХІХ
Table
of
Contents
PARENTHOOD IN TRANSITION: A UNITED STATES PERSPECTIVE
David D. Meyer
.369
I. The traditional rules: clarity in the assignment and rights of parentage
. 371
II. Blurring lines: family diversity and the new parenthood
.375
III. The problem of conflicts: prioritizing social and biological bases
of parenthood
.379
A. Mixed messages in the law of parent identity
.380
B. Uncertainty in the scope of parental rights and obligations
.383
Conclusion
.386
ANNEX: QUESTIONNAIRE
.387
xxx |
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| spelling | Tensions between legal, biological and social conceptions of parentage Ingeborg Schwenzer (ed.) Antwerpen [u.a.] Intersentia 2007 XXXII, 391 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier European family law series 15 Biologie idszbz Eltern swd Elternrecht - Rechtsvergleichung - Kongressbericht idsbb Elternschaft idszbz Familienrecht idszbz Familierecht Familierecht gtt Internationaler Vergleich idszbz Kind swd Kindesrecht - Rechtsvergleichung - Kongressbericht idsbb Ouderschap Ouderschap gtt Parents - Aspect sociologique - Congrès Parents - Droit - Congrès Parents et enfants (Droit) - Congrès Soziales idszbz Parent and child (Law) Parents Legal status, laws, etc Utrecht <2006> swd Schwenzer, Ingeborg 1951- Sonstige (DE-588)109533313 oth European family law series 15 (DE-604)BV017712039 15 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016147416&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Tensions between legal, biological and social conceptions of parentage European family law series Biologie idszbz Eltern swd Elternrecht - Rechtsvergleichung - Kongressbericht idsbb Elternschaft idszbz Familienrecht idszbz Familierecht Familierecht gtt Internationaler Vergleich idszbz Kind swd Kindesrecht - Rechtsvergleichung - Kongressbericht idsbb Ouderschap Ouderschap gtt Parents - Aspect sociologique - Congrès Parents - Droit - Congrès Parents et enfants (Droit) - Congrès Soziales idszbz Parent and child (Law) Parents Legal status, laws, etc |
| title | Tensions between legal, biological and social conceptions of parentage |
| title_auth | Tensions between legal, biological and social conceptions of parentage |
| title_exact_search | Tensions between legal, biological and social conceptions of parentage |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Tensions between legal, biological and social conceptions of parentage |
| title_full | Tensions between legal, biological and social conceptions of parentage Ingeborg Schwenzer (ed.) |
| title_fullStr | Tensions between legal, biological and social conceptions of parentage Ingeborg Schwenzer (ed.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tensions between legal, biological and social conceptions of parentage Ingeborg Schwenzer (ed.) |
| title_short | Tensions between legal, biological and social conceptions of parentage |
| title_sort | tensions between legal biological and social conceptions of parentage |
| topic | Biologie idszbz Eltern swd Elternrecht - Rechtsvergleichung - Kongressbericht idsbb Elternschaft idszbz Familienrecht idszbz Familierecht Familierecht gtt Internationaler Vergleich idszbz Kind swd Kindesrecht - Rechtsvergleichung - Kongressbericht idsbb Ouderschap Ouderschap gtt Parents - Aspect sociologique - Congrès Parents - Droit - Congrès Parents et enfants (Droit) - Congrès Soziales idszbz Parent and child (Law) Parents Legal status, laws, etc |
| topic_facet | Biologie Eltern Elternrecht - Rechtsvergleichung - Kongressbericht Elternschaft Familienrecht Familierecht Internationaler Vergleich Kind Kindesrecht - Rechtsvergleichung - Kongressbericht Ouderschap Parents - Aspect sociologique - Congrès Parents - Droit - Congrès Parents et enfants (Droit) - Congrès Soziales Parent and child (Law) Parents Legal status, laws, etc Utrecht <2006> |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016147416&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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