Verfügbarkeit: International trade law

International trade law: problems, cases, and materials

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Chow, Daniel C. K. (VerfasserIn), Schoenbaum, Thomas J. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	New York, NY Aspen Publ. 2008
Schlagworte:	Gesetz / Law - 14 Internationales Handelsrecht Recht
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XXIX, 829 S.
ISBN:	9780735562189

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MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 The Law of International Trade and the Multilateral Trading System I. Some Background Considerations A. What Is the Law of International Trade? B. Distinguishing the Law of International Business Transactions and the Law of International Trade 1. The Law of International Business Transactions 2. The Law of International Trade 3. Three Levels of Analysis Notes and Questions Problem 1-1 II. International Trade Flows Problem 1-2 A. Trade in Goods B. Services Trade C. Foreign Direct Investment D. Technology Trade Notes and Questions Problem 1-3 III. The Principal Global Economic Institutions A. The World Bank Notes and Questions B. The International Monetary Fund Notes and Questions Problem 1-4 С. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Mitsuo Matsushita, Thomas J . Schoenbaum, and Petros C. Mavroidis, The World Trade Organization: Law, Practice and Policy Notes and Questions IV. The Case for Free Trade: A Brief Look at International Economics A. Arguments in Favor of Free Trade Problem 1-5 Douglas Irwin, Free Trade Under Fire (2004) Notes and Questions B. United States-China Economic Relations Problem 1-6 1. The Growing U.S. Trade Deficit with China 2. Currency Valuation Issues and Hoarding by China 3. Risks Created by the Trade Deficit with China Notes and Questions V. Negotiating Trade Concessions The Doha Development Agenda of 2001 Notes and Questions VI. Dispute Settlement A. General Considerations Notes and Questions Notes on Implementation and Remedies United States — Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline Problem 1-7 Problem 1-8 B. Trade Remedies C. Nullification or Impairment Problem 1-9 United States — Taxes on Petroleum and Certain Imported Substances Problem 1-Ю EEC — Payments and Subsidies Paid to Processors and Producers of Oilseeds and Related Animal-Feed Proteins Japan — Measures Affecting Consumer Photographic Film and Paper Notes and Questions D. Burden of Proof Canada — Measures Affecting the Importation of Milk and the Exportation of Dairy Products Notes and Questions E. Principles of Interpretation and Status of Adopted Reports Problem 1-11 Japan — Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages Notes and Questions F. Trade Retaliation Under National Laws Problem 1-12 Mitsuo Matsushita, Thomas J. Schoenbaum, and Petros С. Mavroidis, The World Trade Organization: Law, Practice and Policy 83 Notes and Questions 86 United States —Sections 301-310 of the Trade Act of 1974 86 Notes and Questions 90 VII. Preferential Trade Agreements 90 A. Introduction 90 Problem 1-13 94 Problem 1-14 94 B. The North American Free Trade Agreement: An Overview 95 Problem 1-15 97 Note on Labor and Environmental Standards in Preferential Trade Agreements 97 Note on Worker Productivity 98 The Implementation of International Trade Obligations in the Domestic Legal Order 101 I. Introduction 101 II. Domestic Implementation of International Trade Obligations 102 A. The United States 103 1. The Executive Branch 103 2. The Legislative Branch 107 3. The Judicial Branch 107 4. State and Local Government 107 5. Problems in the Allocation of Power over Trade 107 a. Negotiating a Trade Agreement 107 b. Treaty versus Executive Agreement 108 United States Department of State, Foreign Affairs Manual Circular No. 175 (2d ed. 1985) Notes and Questions c. Presidential Power over International Trade Problem 2-1 United States v. Capps, Inc. Dames & Moore υ. Regan Notes and Questions d. The Clash Between State and Federal Power Problem 2-2 Problem 2-3 Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council Notes and Questions Problem 2-4 B. The European Union Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization Problem 2-5 IV. Trademarks and Geographical Indications A. Trademarks Problem 4-8 Problem 4-9 McDonald s Corp. v. Joburgers Drive-Inn Restaurant (Pty) Ltd. Notes and Questions Problem 4-Ю United States — Section 211 Omnibus Appropriations Act of 1998 Notes and Questions B. Geographical Indications Problem 4-11 Problem 4-12 Problem 4-13 Consorzio del Prosciutto di Parma v. Asda Stores, Ltd. Notes and Questions Problem 4-14 V. Enforcement Under TRIPs A. Commercial Piracy Statement of Professor Daniel Chow before the Senate Government Oversight and Management Subcommittee, April 20, 1994 Oral Testimony of Professor Daniel Chow before the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission, June 8, 2006 Note on Trade Sanctions Under U.S. Special 301 Notes and Questions Problem 4-15 B. TRIPs Enforcement Obligations 1. General Obligations Problem 4-16 Notes and Questions 2. Criminal Enforcement Problem 4-17 Notes and Questions 3. Civil and Administrative Enforcement Notes and Questions 4. Border Controls a. Customs Seizure and Forfeiture Notes and Questions b. Section 337 Exclusion Orders Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. v. International Trade Commission Notes and Questions Trade in Services and the GATS 277 I. Introduction 277 A. GATS, TRIPs, and GATT Compared 278 II. The Definitions of Services and Modes of Supply 278 Notes and Questions 280 III. GATS Obligations 281 A. General Obligations 282 Problem 5-1 283 Problem 5-2 284 Problem 5-3 284 B. Obligations for Committed Sectors 284 Problem 5-4 286 Problem 5-5 286 Problem 5-6 286 Notes and Questions 286 Note on the Lists of Article II (MFN) Exemptions 289 IV. Market Access Commitments 289 Problem 5-7 291 Format for Country Schedules of Specific Commitments 291 Sample Schedule of Commitments: Arcadia 292 Problem 5-8 292 United States — Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services 293 Notes and Questions 304 Note on Cross-Border Trucking Services Under NAFTA 306 V. Sectoral Annexes to the GATS 307 Problem 5-9 308 Mexico — Measures Affecting Telecommunications Services 309 Notes and Questions 317 6 Foreign Direct Investment and TRIMS 319 I. Introduction 319 Problem 6-1 319 A. FDI Within World Trade 320 Notes and Questions 326 II. The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) 326 Problem 6-2 327 Canada — Administration of the Foreign Investment Review Act 327 Problem 6-3 332 Indonesia — Certain Measures Affecting the Automotive Industry 332 Notes and Questions 341 Problem 6-4 341 Problem 6-5 341 Note on the Outlook for a General Agreement on Investment in the WTO 342 7 Trade in Goods: Customs and Tariff Law I. Introduction A. Tariff Concessions B. Economic and Social Policy Implications of Tariffs Notes and Questions Problem 7-1 II. GATT Rules on Tariffs and Customs Problem 7-2 Problem 7-3 Problem 7-4 Problem 7-5 Notes and Questions III. The Harmonized Tariff System Problem 7-6 Problem 7-7 Notes and Questions Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States IV. Customs Procedures V. Product Classification A. The WTO Rules European Communities — Customs Classification of Certain Computer Equipment Problem 7-8 European Communities — Customs Classification of Frozen Boneless Chicken Cuts Notes and Questions Problem 7-9 Canada/Japan — Tariff on Import of Spruce, Pine, Fir (SPF) Dimension Lumber Spain - Tariff Treatment of Unroasted Coffee Notes and Questions B. The United States Problem 7-Ю Problem 7-11 Bausch & Lomb, Inc. v. United States Len-Ron Manufacturing Co., Inc. v. United States Mead Corporation v. United States Problem 7-12 VI. VII. VIII. Problem 7-13 387 Notes and Questions 388 С. The European Union 388 Council Regulation 2658/87 388 E.I. DuPont deNemours, Inc. v. Commissioners of Customs and Excise 389 Peacock AG v. Hauptzollamt Paderborn 391 Notes and Questions 393 Valuation 394 A. The WTO Rules 394 Problem 7-14 394 Problem 7-15 395 B. United States Law 395 Century Importers, Inc. v. United States 395 Luigi Bormioli Corp., Inc. v. United States 398 Notes and Questions 405 Problem 7-16 405 C. European Union Law 406 Hans Sommer GmbH v. Hauptzollamt Breinen 406 Notes and Questions 407 Rules of Origin 408 A. WTO Standards 408 B. United States Law 409 Problem 7-17 409 Koru North America v. United States 409 SDI Technologies, Inc. v. United States 414 Notes and Questions 418 C. European Union Law 418 Brother International GmbH v. Hauptzollamt dessen 419 Problem 7-18 421 Customs and Free Trade Areas 422 Cummins Inc. v. United States 422 Problem 7-19 426 Problem 7-20 426 Problem 7-21 426 Note on Determining Origin Under NAFTA 426 Article 401 427 NAFTA: A Guide to Customs Procedures U.S. Department of Commerce Guidelines 427 Notes and Questions 431 8 Non-Tariff Trade Barriers 433 I. Introduction 433 II. Quotas 433 A. Background 433 Problem 8-1 435 В. GATT Rules on Quotas 436 1. Overview 436 2. Article XI: The General Elimination Rule 438 Problem 8-2 438 Problem 8-3 438 Japan — Trade in Semi-Conductors 439 Notes and Questions 445 Problem 8-4 445 Canada — Import Restrictions on Ice Cream and Yoghurt 446 Notes and Questions 450 3. The Administration of Quotas 450 European Communities — Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas 451 Notes and Questions 457 III. Agricultural Trade 457 Problem 8-5 460 Problem 8-6 461 Chile — Price Band System and Safeguard Measures Relating to Certain Agricultural Products 461 Notes and Questions 466 IV. Technical Regulations and Product Standards 466 Problem 8-7 467 Problem 8-8 467 Problem 8-9 468 Problem 8-10 468 European Communities — Trade Description of Sardines 469 Problem 8-11 480 v. State Trading Enterprises 480 Problem 8-12 481 Canada — Measures Relating to Exports of Wheat and Treatment of Imported Grain 482 Notes and Questions 488 9 General Exceptions: Trade and Civil Society 489 I. Introduction 489 Notes and Questions 491 п. Environmental Protection 492 Problem 9-1 492 Problem 9-2 492 Problem 9-3 492 United States — Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products 493 United States — Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products Recourse to Article 21.5 by Malaysia 502 Notes and Questions 506 Note on Environment and Trade 507 Problem 9-4 510 III. Protection of Human Health and Safety 510 European Communities — Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products 510 Note on the Necessary Requirement in GATT Article XX 515 Notes and Questions 517 IV. Food Safety: Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 519 A. Introduction 519 Problem 9-5 520 Problem 9-6 520 European Communities — Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones Case) 521 Notes and Questions 533 Note on the EC Biotech Products Case 534 V. Workers Rights 535 Problem 9-7 537 Problem 9-9 537 Problem 9-9 538 Note on Human Rights and International Trade 538 10 Safeguards 539 I. Introduction 539 II. Safeguards Under the WTO 540 Notes and Questions 541 Problem 10-1 544 Problem 10-2 545 Problem 10-3 545 III. Safeguards Under U.S. Law 545 Corus Group PLC v. International Trade Commission 547 Problem 10-4 552 Consumers Union of the United States, Inc. v. Kissinger 552 Notes and Questions 557 Case Study One: The U.S. Auto Safeguards of 1981 558 Problem 10-5 558 Problem 10-6 558 Report to the President on Certain Motor Vehicles and Certain Chassis and Bodies Thereof 559 The U.S. -Japan Voluntary Restraint Agreement of 1981 565 Notes and Questions 567 Case Study Two: The U.S. Steel Safeguards Case of 2002 568 Problem 10-7 568 Report Submitted by President George W. Bush to the U.S. Congress (2002) Pursuant to Section 203(B)(l) of the Trade Act of 1974, as Amended 568 Problem 10-8 571 United States — Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Certain Steel Products 571 Notes and Questions 581 Note on import Restrictions to Safeguard Balance of Payments 584 11 Developing Countries 587 I. Introduction 587 A. Overview of Developing Countries 587 B. What Is a Developing Country? 589 С The History of Developing Countries Within the GATT/WTO 590 Notes and Questions 595 Note on the Application of Safeguards and Quotas Concerning Textiles and Clothing 595 Note on Differing Views of Development 597 Problem 11-1 597 II. The GATT and Developing Countries 598 Problem 11-2 598 Problem 11-3 598 Notes and Questions 599 III. Developing Country Preference Systems Under the WTO 599 A. The Generalized System of Preferences for the Trade in Goods 599 1. The United States 599 Problem 11-4 600 Problem 11-5 600 19 U.S.C. §2461 600 19 U.S.C. §2462 601 19 U.S.C. §2463 601 Torrington Co. v. United States 603 Notes and Questions 608 2. The European Union 608 Problem 11-6 608 Problem 11-7 609 European Communities — Conditions for the Granting of Tariff Preferences to Developing Countries 609 Notes and Questions 620 B. Special and Differential Treatment Under Other WTO Agreements 620 Notes and Questions 621 IV. Agricultural Trade Subsidies 621 Problem 11-8 623 European Communities — Export Subsidies on Sugar 623 Note on U.S. — Upland Cotton 632 Postscript: The Growing Clout of Developing Countries: Implications for the Future of the WTO 636 12 Unfair Trade Remedies: Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties 639 I. Introduction 639 Export America 641 Notes and Questions 643 Problem 12-1 644 II. Dumping and Anti-Dumping Duties 644 A. The Economic and Political Debate 644 Michael K. Young, United States Trade Law and Policy 644 Thomas J . Schoenbaum, Market Contestability and Reform of the Antidumping Laws 645 Backgrounder, The Heritage Foundation, No. 261 648 Notes and Questions 649 Problem 12-2 652 Problem 12-3 652 B. The Operation of the U.S. Anti-Dumping Laws: Procedural Aspects 652 Michael K. Young, United States Trade Law and Policy 653 Note on Appeals of Anti-Dumping Cases to Binational Panels Under NAFTA 659 С The Calculation of Anti-Dumping Duties 660 Problem 12-4 661 Problem 12-5 661 Problem 12-6 661 Problem 12-7 661 1. How Dumping Is Determined 661 Notes and Questions 664 a. Dumping Calculations 665 Notes and Questions 668 Problem 12-8 670 D. Injury Analysis 671 Problem 12-9 671 1. Material Injury 671 Sandvik AB v. United States 672 2. Causation 676 Nucor Corporation υ. United States 676 Notes and Questions 680 E. International Law Discipline on Anti-Dumping Proceedings: The WTO Antidumping Agreement 681 1. WTO Challenges to U.S. Anti-Dumping Law: Policy Issues 682 Problem 12-10 682 United States — Anti-Dumping Act of 1916 682 Notes and Questions 684 Problem 12-11 686 2. Procedural Aspects of U.S. Law Under the WTO 686 United States — Anti-Dumping Measures on Certain Hot- Rolled Steel Products from Japan 687 Notes and Questions 692 3. Dumping Determinations 694 United States — Measures Relating to Zeroing and Sunset Reviews 694 Notes and Questions 700 4. The Material Injury Analysis 700 European Communities — Anti-Dumping Duties on Malleable Cast Iron Tube or Pipe Fittings from Brazil 701 Notes and Questions 709 III. Subsidies and Countervailing Measures 710 A. Introduction 710 B. The Economic and Political Rationales for Policies Against Subsidies 712 Types of Subsidies 712 The Economic Debate over Subsidies 713 Michael K. Young, United States Trade Law and Policy 714 Problem 12-12 715 Notes and Questions 716 C. Challenging Subsidies at the WTO: The Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement 716 1. Defining Subsidies 717 2. General Framework 717 3. Agricultural Subsidies 718 4. Prohibited Subsidies 719 United States — Tax Treatment for Foreign Sales Corporations 719 Notes and Questions 724 5. Actionable Subsidies 727 Problem 12-13 727 Indonesia — Certain Measures Affecting the Automobile Industry 728 6. WTO Remedies for Subsidization 737 United States — Tax Treatment for Foreign Sales Corporations Notes and Questions D. Countervailing Duty Procedures Under U.S. Law Michael K. Young, United States Trade Law and Policy Problem 12-14 Problem 12-15 Problem 12-16 Notes and Questions E. WTO Standards for Countervailing Duty Investigations United States — Countervailing Duty Investigation on Dynamic Random Access Memory Semiconductors (DRAMS) from Korea Problem 12-17 Notes and Questions Note on the Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises Note on the U.S.-Canada Softwood Lumber Case 13 Export Controls 761 I. WTO Export Rules Note on Multilateral Export Controls II. U.S. Export Controls A. Introduction B. Export Controls Under the EAA and the EAR 1. What Is Being Exported? 2. Where Is the Destination of the Export? 3. Who Will Receive the Item? 4. What Use Will Be Made of the Item? Notes and Questions Problem 13-1 Problem 13-2 Problem 13-3 Problem 13-4 Excerpts from U.S. Export Administration Regulations Export Control Classification Numbers 771 III. U.S.-Imposed Embargoes and Trade Restrictions on Foreign Countries A. Introduction Problem 13-5 B. The Cuban Embargo Empresa Cubana Del Tabaco υ. Culbro Corp. Notes and Questions С The Helms-Burton Act xxvi Contents Organization of American States: Inter-American Juridical Committee Opinion Examining the U.S. Helms-Burton Act 786 Opinion of the Inter-American Juridical Committee in Response to Resolution AC/Doc 3375/96 of the General Assembly of the Organization Entitled Freedom of Trade and Investment in the Hemisphere 786 Notes and Questions 790 Problem 13-6 791 Problem 13-7 791 Problem 13-8 792 IV. Anti-Boycott Regulations 792 Problem 13-9 793 United States v. Meyer 793 Notes and Questions 796 Bibliographical Note 799 Table of Cases 809 Index 815
adam_txt	Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 The Law of International Trade and the Multilateral Trading System I. Some Background Considerations A. What Is the Law of International Trade? B. Distinguishing the Law of International Business Transactions and the Law of International Trade 1. The Law of International Business Transactions 2. The Law of International Trade 3. Three Levels of Analysis Notes and Questions Problem 1-1 II. International Trade Flows Problem 1-2 A. Trade in Goods B. Services Trade C. Foreign Direct Investment D. Technology Trade Notes and Questions Problem 1-3 III. The Principal Global Economic Institutions A. The World Bank Notes and Questions B. The International Monetary Fund Notes and Questions Problem 1-4 С. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Mitsuo Matsushita, Thomas J . Schoenbaum, and Petros C. Mavroidis, The World Trade Organization: Law, Practice and Policy Notes and Questions IV. The Case for Free Trade: A Brief Look at International Economics A. Arguments in Favor of Free Trade Problem 1-5 Douglas Irwin, Free Trade Under Fire (2004) Notes and Questions B. United States-China Economic Relations Problem 1-6 1. The Growing U.S. Trade Deficit with China 2. Currency Valuation Issues and "Hoarding" by China 3. Risks Created by the Trade Deficit with China Notes and Questions V. Negotiating Trade Concessions The Doha Development Agenda of 2001 Notes and Questions VI. Dispute Settlement A. General Considerations Notes and Questions Notes on Implementation and Remedies United States — Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline Problem 1-7 Problem 1-8 B. Trade Remedies C. Nullification or Impairment Problem 1-9 United States — Taxes on Petroleum and Certain Imported Substances Problem 1-Ю EEC — Payments and Subsidies Paid to Processors and Producers of Oilseeds and Related Animal-Feed Proteins Japan — Measures Affecting Consumer Photographic Film and Paper Notes and Questions D. Burden of Proof Canada — Measures Affecting the Importation of Milk and the Exportation of Dairy Products Notes and Questions E. Principles of Interpretation and Status of Adopted Reports Problem 1-11 Japan — Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages Notes and Questions F. Trade Retaliation Under National Laws Problem 1-12 Mitsuo Matsushita, Thomas J. Schoenbaum, and Petros С. Mavroidis, The World Trade Organization: Law, Practice and Policy 83 Notes and Questions 86 United States —Sections 301-310 of the Trade Act of 1974 86 Notes and Questions 90 VII. Preferential Trade Agreements 90 A. Introduction 90 Problem 1-13 94 Problem 1-14 94 B. The North American Free Trade Agreement: An Overview 95 Problem 1-15 97 Note on Labor and Environmental Standards in Preferential Trade Agreements 97 Note on Worker Productivity 98 The Implementation of International Trade Obligations in the Domestic Legal Order 101 I. Introduction 101 II. Domestic Implementation of International Trade Obligations 102 A. The United States 103 1. The Executive Branch 103 2. The Legislative Branch 107 3. The Judicial Branch 107 4. State and Local Government 107 5. Problems in the Allocation of Power over Trade 107 a. Negotiating a Trade Agreement 107 b. Treaty versus Executive Agreement 108 United States Department of State, Foreign Affairs Manual Circular No. 175 (2d ed. 1985) Notes and Questions c. Presidential Power over International Trade Problem 2-1 United States v. Capps, Inc. Dames & Moore υ. Regan Notes and Questions d. The Clash Between State and Federal Power Problem 2-2 Problem 2-3 Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council Notes and Questions Problem 2-4 B. The European Union Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization Problem 2-5 IV. Trademarks and Geographical Indications A. Trademarks Problem 4-8 Problem 4-9 McDonald's Corp. v. Joburgers Drive-Inn Restaurant (Pty) Ltd. Notes and Questions Problem 4-Ю United States — Section 211 Omnibus Appropriations Act of 1998 Notes and Questions B. Geographical Indications Problem 4-11 Problem 4-12 Problem 4-13 Consorzio del Prosciutto di Parma v. Asda Stores, Ltd. Notes and Questions Problem 4-14 V. Enforcement Under TRIPs A. Commercial Piracy Statement of Professor Daniel Chow before the Senate Government Oversight and Management Subcommittee, April 20, 1994 Oral Testimony of Professor Daniel Chow before the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission, June 8, 2006 Note on Trade Sanctions Under U.S. Special 301 Notes and Questions Problem 4-15 B. TRIPs Enforcement Obligations 1. General Obligations Problem 4-16 Notes and Questions 2. Criminal Enforcement Problem 4-17 Notes and Questions 3. Civil and Administrative Enforcement Notes and Questions 4. Border Controls a. Customs Seizure and Forfeiture Notes and Questions b. Section 337 Exclusion Orders Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. v. International Trade Commission Notes and Questions Trade in Services and the GATS 277 I. Introduction 277 A. GATS, TRIPs, and GATT Compared 278 II. The Definitions of "Services" and "Modes of Supply" 278 Notes and Questions 280 III. GATS Obligations 281 A. General Obligations 282 Problem 5-1 283 Problem 5-2 284 Problem 5-3 284 B. Obligations for Committed Sectors 284 Problem 5-4 286 Problem 5-5 286 Problem 5-6 286 Notes and Questions 286 Note on the Lists of Article II (MFN) Exemptions 289 IV. Market Access Commitments 289 Problem 5-7 291 Format for Country Schedules of Specific Commitments 291 Sample Schedule of Commitments: Arcadia 292 Problem 5-8 292 United States — Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services 293 Notes and Questions 304 Note on Cross-Border Trucking Services Under NAFTA 306 V. Sectoral Annexes to the GATS 307 Problem 5-9 308 Mexico — Measures Affecting Telecommunications Services 309 Notes and Questions 317 6 Foreign Direct Investment and TRIMS 319 I. Introduction 319 Problem 6-1 319 A. FDI Within World Trade 320 Notes and Questions 326 II. The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) 326 Problem 6-2 327 Canada — Administration of the Foreign Investment Review Act 327 Problem 6-3 332 Indonesia — Certain Measures Affecting the Automotive Industry 332 Notes and Questions 341 Problem 6-4 341 Problem 6-5 341 Note on the Outlook for a General Agreement on Investment in the WTO 342 7 Trade in Goods: Customs and Tariff Law I. Introduction A. Tariff Concessions B. Economic and Social Policy Implications of Tariffs Notes and Questions Problem 7-1 II. GATT Rules on Tariffs and Customs Problem 7-2 Problem 7-3 Problem 7-4 Problem 7-5 Notes and Questions III. The Harmonized Tariff System Problem 7-6 Problem 7-7 Notes and Questions Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States IV. Customs Procedures V. Product Classification A. The WTO Rules European Communities — Customs Classification of Certain Computer Equipment Problem 7-8 European Communities — Customs Classification of Frozen Boneless Chicken Cuts Notes and Questions Problem 7-9 Canada/Japan — Tariff on Import of Spruce, Pine, Fir (SPF) Dimension Lumber Spain - Tariff Treatment of Unroasted Coffee Notes and Questions B. The United States Problem 7-Ю Problem 7-11 Bausch & Lomb, Inc. v. United States Len-Ron Manufacturing Co., Inc. v. United States Mead Corporation v. United States Problem 7-12 VI. VII. VIII. Problem 7-13 387 Notes and Questions 388 С. The European Union 388 Council Regulation 2658/87 388 E.I. DuPont deNemours, Inc. v. Commissioners of Customs and Excise 389 Peacock AG v. Hauptzollamt Paderborn 391 Notes and Questions 393 Valuation 394 A. The WTO Rules 394 Problem 7-14 394 Problem 7-15 395 B. United States Law 395 Century Importers, Inc. v. United States 395 Luigi Bormioli Corp., Inc. v. United States 398 Notes and Questions 405 Problem 7-16 405 C. European Union Law 406 Hans Sommer GmbH v. Hauptzollamt Breinen 406 Notes and Questions 407 Rules of Origin 408 A. WTO Standards 408 B. United States Law 409 Problem 7-17 409 Koru North America v. United States 409 SDI Technologies, Inc. v. United States 414 Notes and Questions 418 C. European Union Law 418 Brother International GmbH v. Hauptzollamt dessen 419 Problem 7-18 421 Customs and Free Trade Areas 422 Cummins Inc. v. United States 422 Problem 7-19 426 Problem 7-20 426 Problem 7-21 426 Note on Determining Origin Under NAFTA 426 Article 401 427 NAFTA: A Guide to Customs Procedures U.S. Department of Commerce Guidelines 427 Notes and Questions 431 8 Non-Tariff Trade Barriers 433 I. Introduction 433 II. Quotas 433 A. Background 433 Problem 8-1 435 В. GATT Rules on Quotas 436 1. Overview 436 2. Article XI: The "General Elimination" Rule 438 Problem 8-2 438 Problem 8-3 438 Japan — Trade in Semi-Conductors 439 Notes and Questions 445 Problem 8-4 445 Canada — Import Restrictions on Ice Cream and Yoghurt 446 Notes and Questions 450 3. The Administration of Quotas 450 European Communities — Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas 451 Notes and Questions 457 III. Agricultural Trade 457 Problem 8-5 460 Problem 8-6 461 Chile — Price Band System and Safeguard Measures Relating to Certain Agricultural Products 461 Notes and Questions 466 IV. Technical Regulations and Product Standards 466 Problem 8-7 467 Problem 8-8 467 Problem 8-9 468 Problem 8-10 468 European Communities — Trade Description of Sardines 469 Problem 8-11 480 v. State Trading Enterprises 480 Problem 8-12 481 Canada — Measures Relating to Exports of Wheat and Treatment of Imported Grain 482 Notes and Questions 488 9 General Exceptions: Trade and Civil Society 489 I. Introduction 489 Notes and Questions 491 п. Environmental Protection 492 Problem 9-1 492 Problem 9-2 492 Problem 9-3 492 United States — Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products 493 United States — Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products Recourse to Article 21.5 by Malaysia 502 Notes and Questions 506 Note on Environment and Trade 507 Problem 9-4 510 III. Protection of Human Health and Safety 510 European Communities — Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products 510 Note on the "Necessary" Requirement in GATT Article XX 515 Notes and Questions 517 IV. Food Safety: Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 519 A. Introduction 519 Problem 9-5 520 Problem 9-6 520 European Communities — Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones Case) 521 Notes and Questions 533 Note on the EC Biotech Products Case 534 V. Workers' Rights 535 Problem 9-7 537 Problem 9-9 537 Problem 9-9 538 Note on Human Rights and International Trade 538 10 Safeguards 539 I. Introduction 539 II. Safeguards Under the WTO 540 Notes and Questions 541 Problem 10-1 544 Problem 10-2 545 Problem 10-3 545 III. Safeguards Under U.S. Law 545 Corus Group PLC v. International Trade Commission 547 Problem 10-4 552 Consumers Union of the United States, Inc. v. Kissinger 552 Notes and Questions 557 Case Study One: The U.S. Auto Safeguards of 1981 558 Problem 10-5 558 Problem 10-6 558 Report to the President on Certain Motor Vehicles and Certain Chassis and Bodies Thereof 559 The U.S. -Japan Voluntary Restraint Agreement of 1981 565 Notes and Questions 567 Case Study Two: The U.S. Steel Safeguards Case of 2002 568 Problem 10-7 568 Report Submitted by President George W. Bush to the U.S. Congress (2002) Pursuant to Section 203(B)(l) of the Trade Act of 1974, as Amended 568 Problem 10-8 571 United States — Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Certain Steel Products 571 Notes and Questions 581 Note on import Restrictions to Safeguard Balance of Payments 584 11 Developing Countries 587 I. Introduction 587 A. Overview of Developing Countries 587 B. What Is a Developing Country? 589 С The History of Developing Countries Within the GATT/WTO 590 Notes and Questions 595 Note on the Application of Safeguards and Quotas Concerning Textiles and Clothing 595 Note on Differing Views of Development 597 Problem 11-1 597 II. The GATT and Developing Countries 598 Problem 11-2 598 Problem 11-3 598 Notes and Questions 599 III. Developing Country Preference Systems Under the WTO 599 A. The Generalized System of Preferences for the Trade in Goods 599 1. The United States 599 Problem 11-4 600 Problem 11-5 600 19 U.S.C. §2461 600 19 U.S.C. §2462 601 19 U.S.C. §2463 601 Torrington Co. v. United States 603 Notes and Questions 608 2. The European Union 608 Problem 11-6 608 Problem 11-7 609 European Communities — Conditions for the Granting of Tariff Preferences to Developing Countries 609 Notes and Questions 620 B. Special and Differential Treatment Under Other WTO Agreements 620 Notes and Questions 621 IV. Agricultural Trade Subsidies 621 Problem 11-8 623 European Communities — Export Subsidies on Sugar 623 Note on U.S. — Upland Cotton 632 Postscript: The Growing Clout of Developing Countries: Implications for the Future of the WTO 636 12 Unfair Trade Remedies: Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties 639 I. Introduction 639 Export America 641 Notes and Questions 643 Problem 12-1 644 II. Dumping and Anti-Dumping Duties 644 A. The Economic and Political Debate 644 Michael K. Young, United States Trade Law and Policy 644 Thomas J . Schoenbaum, Market Contestability and Reform of the Antidumping Laws 645 Backgrounder, The Heritage Foundation, No. 261 648 Notes and Questions 649 Problem 12-2 652 Problem 12-3 652 B. The Operation of the U.S. Anti-Dumping Laws: Procedural Aspects 652 Michael K. Young, United States Trade Law and Policy 653 Note on Appeals of Anti-Dumping Cases to Binational Panels Under NAFTA 659 С The Calculation of Anti-Dumping Duties 660 Problem 12-4 661 Problem 12-5 661 Problem 12-6 661 Problem 12-7 661 1. How Dumping Is Determined 661 Notes and Questions 664 a. Dumping Calculations 665 Notes and Questions 668 Problem 12-8 670 D. Injury Analysis 671 Problem 12-9 671 1. Material Injury 671 Sandvik AB v. United States 672 2. Causation 676 Nucor Corporation υ. United States 676 Notes and Questions 680 E. International Law Discipline on Anti-Dumping Proceedings: The WTO Antidumping Agreement 681 1. WTO Challenges to U.S. Anti-Dumping Law: Policy Issues 682 Problem 12-10 682 United States — Anti-Dumping Act of 1916 682 Notes and Questions 684 Problem 12-11 686 2. Procedural Aspects of U.S. Law Under the WTO 686 United States — Anti-Dumping Measures on Certain Hot- Rolled Steel Products from Japan 687 Notes and Questions 692 3. Dumping Determinations 694 United States — Measures Relating to Zeroing and Sunset Reviews 694 Notes and Questions 700 4. The Material Injury Analysis 700 European Communities — Anti-Dumping Duties on Malleable Cast Iron Tube or Pipe Fittings from Brazil 701 Notes and Questions 709 III. Subsidies and Countervailing Measures 710 A. Introduction 710 B. The Economic and Political Rationales for Policies Against Subsidies 712 Types of Subsidies 712 The Economic Debate over Subsidies 713 Michael K. Young, United States Trade Law and Policy 714 Problem 12-12 715 Notes and Questions 716 C. Challenging Subsidies at the WTO: The Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement 716 1. Defining Subsidies 717 2. General Framework 717 3. Agricultural Subsidies 718 4. Prohibited Subsidies 719 United States — Tax Treatment for "Foreign Sales Corporations " 719 Notes and Questions 724 5. Actionable Subsidies 727 Problem 12-13 727 Indonesia — Certain Measures Affecting the Automobile Industry 728 6. WTO Remedies for Subsidization 737 United States — Tax Treatment for "Foreign Sales Corporations" Notes and Questions D. Countervailing Duty Procedures Under U.S. Law Michael K. Young, United States Trade Law and Policy Problem 12-14 Problem 12-15 Problem 12-16 Notes and Questions E. WTO Standards for Countervailing Duty Investigations United States — Countervailing Duty Investigation on Dynamic Random Access Memory Semiconductors (DRAMS) from Korea Problem 12-17 Notes and Questions Note on the Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises Note on the U.S.-Canada Softwood Lumber Case 13 Export Controls 761 I. WTO Export Rules Note on Multilateral Export Controls II. U.S. Export Controls A. Introduction B. Export Controls Under the EAA and the EAR 1. What Is Being Exported? 2. Where Is the Destination of the Export? 3. Who Will Receive the Item? 4. What Use Will Be Made of the Item? Notes and Questions Problem 13-1 Problem 13-2 Problem 13-3 Problem 13-4 Excerpts from U.S. Export Administration Regulations Export Control Classification Numbers 771 III. U.S.-Imposed Embargoes and Trade Restrictions on Foreign Countries A. Introduction Problem 13-5 B. The Cuban Embargo Empresa Cubana Del Tabaco υ. Culbro Corp. Notes and Questions С The Helms-Burton Act xxvi Contents Organization of American States: Inter-American Juridical Committee Opinion Examining the U.S. Helms-Burton Act 786 Opinion of the Inter-American Juridical Committee in Response to Resolution AC/Doc 3375/96 of the General Assembly of the Organization Entitled "Freedom of Trade and Investment in the Hemisphere" 786 Notes and Questions 790 Problem 13-6 791 Problem 13-7 791 Problem 13-8 792 IV. Anti-Boycott Regulations 792 Problem 13-9 793 United States v. Meyer 793 Notes and Questions 796 Bibliographical Note 799 Table of Cases 809 Index 815
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spelling	Chow, Daniel C. K. Verfasser aut International trade law problems, cases, and materials Daniel C. K. Chow ; Thomas J. Schoenbaum New York, NY Aspen Publ. 2008 XXIX, 829 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Gesetz / Law - 14 Internationales Handelsrecht Recht Schoenbaum, Thomas J. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016095671&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Chow, Daniel C. K. Schoenbaum, Thomas J. International trade law problems, cases, and materials Gesetz / Law - 14 Internationales Handelsrecht Recht
title	International trade law problems, cases, and materials
title_auth	International trade law problems, cases, and materials
title_exact_search	International trade law problems, cases, and materials
title_exact_search_txtP	International trade law problems, cases, and materials
title_full	International trade law problems, cases, and materials Daniel C. K. Chow ; Thomas J. Schoenbaum
title_fullStr	International trade law problems, cases, and materials Daniel C. K. Chow ; Thomas J. Schoenbaum
title_full_unstemmed	International trade law problems, cases, and materials Daniel C. K. Chow ; Thomas J. Schoenbaum
title_short	International trade law
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topic	Gesetz / Law - 14 Internationales Handelsrecht Recht
topic_facet	Gesetz / Law - 14 Internationales Handelsrecht Recht
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