Performance enhancing drugs:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
2007
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Pediatric clinics of North America
54,4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI S., S. 651 - 851 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781416051084 1416051082 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Performance enhancing drugs |c guest ed. Peter D. Rogers ... |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Pediatric clinics of North America |v 54,4 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Adolescenten |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Anabole steroïden |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Anabolisants | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Androgènes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Dopage dans les sports | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Doping |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Polytoxicomanie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Anabolic Agents | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Anabolic steroids | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Androgens | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Child | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Doping in Sports | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Doping in sports | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Substance abuse | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Substance-Related Disorders | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137149646241792 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface xv
Peter D. Rogers and Brian H. Hardin
Performance Enhancing Substances: Is Your Adolescent
Patient Using? 651
Cynthia Holland Hall
Small, but significant, numbers of adolescents use anabolic
androgenic steroids to improve their appearance or sports
performance. Many more use creatine and other performance
enhancing substances with the hope of achieving these goals. This
article assists primary care physicians in the office assessment of
adolescents who may be using these substances, focusing on
identifying adolescents at risk, asking the right questions, and
helping adolescents feel comfortable discussing this sensitive topic.
Providers must present themselves as credible sources of informa¬
tion on the topic to communicate effectively with adolescent
athletes.
Prevalence of Use of Performance Enhancing Substances
Among United States Adolescents 663
Edward M. Castillo and R. Dawn Comstock
Adolescents may regard the use of performance enhancing
substances as an easy means to gain self esteem through improved
body appearance and athletic performance. The use of perform¬
ance enhancing substances by adolescents is particularly troubling
because safety data are largely lacking. This poses a dilemma for
the pediatrician who needs correct information, including the
potential efficacy and negative health effects of such substances, to
identify the patients in need of counseling and to find the best way
to help adolescent patients make informed decisions to promote
VOLUME 54 • NUMBER 4 • AUGUST 2007 ix
healthy behaviors. This article is intended to assist pediatricians by
providing a summary of the current state of knowledge regarding
the prevalence of use of performance enhancing substances by
United States adolescents.
Consequences of Use of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids 677
Marcel J. Casavant, Kathleen Blake, Jill Griffith,
Andrew Yates, and LaRae M. Copley
Whether providing anticipatory guidance to the young adolescent
patient, conducting a preparticipation examination on a young
athlete, or treating a sick user of anabolic androgenic steroids
(AASs), the primary care physician must be familiar with the
adverse consequences of the use of these compounds. This article
reviews the endocrine, cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, muscu
loskeletal, hematologic, hepatic, and miscellaneous effects of AASs,
highlighting effects reported in children and adolescents, and
relying on consequences in adults when pediatric data is
unavailable.
Erythropoietin and Other Blood Boosting Methods 691
Thomas L. Pommeling
Dating back to the earliest Olympics, athletes have been searching
for a performance edge. Recombinant human erythropoietin was
made commercially available in 1987 to treat various diseases
associated with anemia. Within a few years, elite endurance
athletes capitalized on its potential as an undetectable perform¬
ance enhancing agent. Although antidoping agencies have devel¬
oped a test to detect its use, there are pitfalls. More importantly,
athletes continue to add more sophisticated doping practices to
their armamentarium, challenging regulatory agencies, putting
their health at great risk, and tainting the spirit of fair competition.
The World Anti Doping Program and the Primary
Care Physician 701
Richard L. Hilderbrand
The presence of a prohibited substance in an athlete s urine (or
blood, when applicable) or the use of a prohibited method
constitutes a doping offense, even if the substance is a pharma¬
ceutical and is properly prescribed. To avoid a doping offense for
the therapeutic use of a prohibited substance or method the
International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUE)
must be followed. When the TUE is required, the appropriate
process must be completed before testing under conditions where
the substance or method is prohibited. This article describes the
World Anti Doping Code and the International Standards, which
X CONTENTS
are part of the Code. In addition, the procedures for the proper
preparation and submission of TUE requests are presented along
with the manner in which the requests are considered by the
Therapeutic Use Exemption Committees.
Beyond Sports Doping Headlines: The Science of Laboratory
Tests for Performance Enhancing Drugs 713
Caroline K. Hatton
This primer on urine analysis in sports doping control is an
overview with an emphasis on the main analytical chemistry
technologies in use: gas chromatography mass spectrometry
(GC MS), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
(LC MS MS), isotope ratio mass spectrometry detection of exoge¬
nous testosterone use, and isoelectric focusing detection of
recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) use. Included are graphic
examples of GC MS selected ion monitoring and full scan, LC
MS MS, and EPO test electropherogram data; a list of common
acronyms; and answers to questions frequently asked about
tampering and test accuracy.
Creatine and Other Supplements 735
Anthony Lattavo, Andrew Kopperud, and Peter D. Rogers
Ergogenic dietary supplement use is highly prevalent among
adolescent and collegiate athletes, and use is increasing. To make
appropriate recommendations for or against use by individual
athletes, physicians who work with adolescent athletes should be
knowledgeable about the most commonly used supplements and
be able to access high quality information about others. This article
first discusses the legal and regulatory environment of dietary
supplements. Several of the most commonly used supplements are
then discussed in detail, including creatine, beta hydroxy beta
methylbutyrate, protein, amino acids, stimulants, alkalotic agents,
glycerol, vitamins, and minerals. Finally, the Gateway Theory as
it may relate to adolescent supplement and other drug use is
discussed.
The History of the Development of Anabolic Androgenic
Steroids 761
Jennifer L. Dotson and Robert T. Brown
The history of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) is an interesting
tale that has its roots in ancient endocrinology. More than 6000
years ago, farmers noted enhanced domestication of animals after
castration. The development of AASs, and, later, their artificial
synthesis, have remained a hot topic in scientific research and
Pharmaceuticals. Over the years, AASs have been used as a
proposed treatment for a wide variety of ailments, despite
deleterious side effects. Unfortunately, they have been, and still
are, abused by body builders, athletes, and teens.
CONTENTS xl
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Use and Abuse in Pediatric
Patients 771
Julie M. Kerr and Joseph A. Congeni
The win at all costs mentality fuels athletes to seek performance
enhancing substances, such as anabolic androgenic steroids, to
gain an advantage over their opponents. Nonathletes espouse this
same attitude to win the battle of attractiveness. An enhanced
understanding of anabolic androgenic steroids and the motivations
behind their abuse will arm pediatricians with the ability to engage
their patients in a balanced discussion of the benefits and costly
risks of anabolic androgenic steroids and successfully deter further
use.
Testosterone Precursors: Use and Abuse in Pediatric Athletes 787
Troy M. Smurawa and Joseph A. Congeni
The dietary supplements androstenedione, dehydroepiandroster
one, and androstenediol are precursors in the endogenous
production of testosterone. The efficacy and safety of these
prohormones are not well established but are promoted to have
the same androgenic effects on building muscle mass and strength
as anabolic androgenic steroids. Studies have demonstrated
repeatedly that acute and long term administration of these oral
testosterone precursors does not effectively increase serum
testosterone levels and fails to produce any significant changes in
lean body mass, muscle strength, or performance improvement
compared with placebo. The Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004
lists androstenedione as a schedule III controlled substance, and it
is regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Testoster¬
one precursors are banned by most major sports organizations.
Sports Medicine: Performance Enhancing Drugs 797
Andrew J.M. Gregory and Robert W. Fitch
Performance enhancing drugs, ergogenic aids, or sports supple¬
ments have been a part of sports since sporting competition began
and likely always will be. Considered cheating by purists and
necessary by some athletes, we must accept the fact that they are
used, understand why they are used, and study how to prevent
their use to institute change. This article summarizes current
information regarding the use of performance enhancing drugs in
young athletes and provides proven prevention strategies for
instituting a program in your local schools.
Gene Doping: A Review of Performance Enhancing Genetics 807
Gary R. Gaffney and Robin Parisotto
Unethical athletes and their mentors have long arrogated scientific
and medical advances to enhance athletic performance, thus
xii CONTENTS
gaining a dishonest competitive advantage. Building on advances
in genetics, a new threat arises from athletes using gene therapy
techniques in the same manner that some abused performance
enhancing drugs were used. Gene doping, as this is known, may
produce spectacular physiologic alterations to dramatically en¬
hance athletic abilities or physical appearance. Furthermore, gene
doping may present pernicious problems for the regulatory
agencies and investigatory laboratories that are entrusted to keep
sporting events fair and ethical. Performance enhanced genetics
will likewise present unique challenges to physicians in many
spheres of their practice.
Abuse of Growth Hormone Among Young Athletes 823
Sergio R.R. Buzzini
The underground abuse of growth hormone (GH) among young
athletes presents a challenge to medical professionals. Health care
professionals providing knowledgeable guidance regarding
healthy ways to improve performance and appearance, as well as
accurate information regarding substances perceived benefits,
risks, and unknown qualities, is invaluable to the young athlete.
Further research focused on the profile and motivation of young
people who use GH is essential to understanding and intervening
better with those who use these substances.
Index 845
CONTENTS X1U
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
Preface xv
Peter D. Rogers and Brian H. Hardin
Performance Enhancing Substances: Is Your Adolescent
Patient Using? 651
Cynthia Holland Hall
Small, but significant, numbers of adolescents use anabolic
androgenic steroids to improve their appearance or sports
performance. Many more use creatine and other performance
enhancing substances with the hope of achieving these goals. This
article assists primary care physicians in the office assessment of
adolescents who may be using these substances, focusing on
identifying adolescents at risk, asking the right questions, and
helping adolescents feel comfortable discussing this sensitive topic.
Providers must present themselves as credible sources of informa¬
tion on the topic to communicate effectively with adolescent
athletes.
Prevalence of Use of Performance Enhancing Substances
Among United States Adolescents 663
Edward M. Castillo and R. Dawn Comstock
Adolescents may regard the use of performance enhancing
substances as an easy means to gain self esteem through improved
body appearance and athletic performance. The use of perform¬
ance enhancing substances by adolescents is particularly troubling
because safety data are largely lacking. This poses a dilemma for
the pediatrician who needs correct information, including the
potential efficacy and negative health effects of such substances, to
identify the patients in need of counseling and to find the best way
to help adolescent patients make informed decisions to promote
VOLUME 54 • NUMBER 4 • AUGUST 2007 ix
healthy behaviors. This article is intended to assist pediatricians by
providing a summary of the current state of knowledge regarding
the prevalence of use of performance enhancing substances by
United States adolescents.
Consequences of Use of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids 677
Marcel J. Casavant, Kathleen Blake, Jill Griffith,
Andrew Yates, and LaRae M. Copley
Whether providing anticipatory guidance to the young adolescent
patient, conducting a preparticipation examination on a young
athlete, or treating a sick user of anabolic androgenic steroids
(AASs), the primary care physician must be familiar with the
adverse consequences of the use of these compounds. This article
reviews the endocrine, cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, muscu
loskeletal, hematologic, hepatic, and miscellaneous effects of AASs,
highlighting effects reported in children and adolescents, and
relying on consequences in adults when pediatric data is
unavailable.
Erythropoietin and Other Blood Boosting Methods 691
Thomas L. Pommeling
Dating back to the earliest Olympics, athletes have been searching
for a performance edge. Recombinant human erythropoietin was
made commercially available in 1987 to treat various diseases
associated with anemia. Within a few years, elite endurance
athletes capitalized on its potential as an undetectable perform¬
ance enhancing agent. Although antidoping agencies have devel¬
oped a test to detect its use, there are pitfalls. More importantly,
athletes continue to add more sophisticated doping practices to
their armamentarium, challenging regulatory agencies, putting
their health at great risk, and tainting the spirit of fair competition.
The World Anti Doping Program and the Primary
Care Physician 701
Richard L. Hilderbrand
The presence of a prohibited substance in an athlete's urine (or
blood, when applicable) or the use of a prohibited method
constitutes a doping offense, even if the substance is a pharma¬
ceutical and is properly prescribed. To avoid a doping offense for
the therapeutic use of a prohibited substance or method the
International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUE)
must be followed. When the TUE is required, the appropriate
process must be completed before testing under conditions where
the substance or method is prohibited. This article describes the
World Anti Doping Code and the International Standards, which
X CONTENTS
are part of the Code. In addition, the procedures for the proper
preparation and submission of TUE requests are presented along
with the manner in which the requests are considered by the
Therapeutic Use Exemption Committees.
Beyond Sports Doping Headlines: The Science of Laboratory
Tests for Performance Enhancing Drugs 713
Caroline K. Hatton
This primer on urine analysis in sports doping control is an
overview with an emphasis on the main analytical chemistry
technologies in use: gas chromatography mass spectrometry
(GC MS), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
(LC MS MS), isotope ratio mass spectrometry detection of exoge¬
nous testosterone use, and isoelectric focusing detection of
recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) use. Included are graphic
examples of GC MS selected ion monitoring and full scan, LC
MS MS, and EPO test electropherogram data; a list of common
acronyms; and answers to questions frequently asked about
tampering and test accuracy.
Creatine and Other Supplements 735
Anthony Lattavo, Andrew Kopperud, and Peter D. Rogers
Ergogenic dietary supplement use is highly prevalent among
adolescent and collegiate athletes, and use is increasing. To make
appropriate recommendations for or against use by individual
athletes, physicians who work with adolescent athletes should be
knowledgeable about the most commonly used supplements and
be able to access high quality information about others. This article
first discusses the legal and regulatory environment of dietary
supplements. Several of the most commonly used supplements are
then discussed in detail, including creatine, beta hydroxy beta
methylbutyrate, protein, amino acids, stimulants, alkalotic agents,
glycerol, vitamins, and minerals. Finally, the "Gateway Theory" as
it may relate to adolescent supplement and other drug use is
discussed.
The History of the Development of Anabolic Androgenic
Steroids 761
Jennifer L. Dotson and Robert T. Brown
The history of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) is an interesting
tale that has its roots in ancient "endocrinology." More than 6000
years ago, farmers noted enhanced domestication of animals after
castration. The development of AASs, and, later, their artificial
synthesis, have remained a hot topic in scientific research and
Pharmaceuticals. Over the years, AASs have been used as a
proposed treatment for a wide variety of ailments, despite
deleterious side effects. Unfortunately, they have been, and still
are, abused by body builders, athletes, and teens.
CONTENTS xl
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Use and Abuse in Pediatric
Patients 771
Julie M. Kerr and Joseph A. Congeni
The "win at all costs" mentality fuels athletes to seek performance
enhancing substances, such as anabolic androgenic steroids, to
gain an advantage over their opponents. Nonathletes espouse this
same attitude to "win" the battle of attractiveness. An enhanced
understanding of anabolic androgenic steroids and the motivations
behind their abuse will arm pediatricians with the ability to engage
their patients in a balanced discussion of the benefits and costly
risks of anabolic androgenic steroids and successfully deter further
use.
Testosterone Precursors: Use and Abuse in Pediatric Athletes 787
Troy M. Smurawa and Joseph A. Congeni
The dietary supplements androstenedione, dehydroepiandroster
one, and androstenediol are precursors in the endogenous
production of testosterone. The efficacy and safety of these
prohormones are not well established but are promoted to have
the same androgenic effects on building muscle mass and strength
as anabolic androgenic steroids. Studies have demonstrated
repeatedly that acute and long term administration of these oral
testosterone precursors does not effectively increase serum
testosterone levels and fails to produce any significant changes in
lean body mass, muscle strength, or performance improvement
compared with placebo. The Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004
lists androstenedione as a schedule III controlled substance, and it
is regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Testoster¬
one precursors are banned by most major sports organizations.
Sports Medicine: Performance Enhancing Drugs 797
Andrew J.M. Gregory and Robert W. Fitch
Performance enhancing drugs, ergogenic aids, or sports supple¬
ments have been a part of sports since sporting competition began
and likely always will be. Considered cheating by purists and
necessary by some athletes, we must accept the fact that they are
used, understand why they are used, and study how to prevent
their use to institute change. This article summarizes current
information regarding the use of performance enhancing drugs in
young athletes and provides proven prevention strategies for
instituting a program in your local schools.
Gene Doping: A Review of Performance Enhancing Genetics 807
Gary R. Gaffney and Robin Parisotto
Unethical athletes and their mentors have long arrogated scientific
and medical advances to enhance athletic performance, thus
xii CONTENTS
gaining a dishonest competitive advantage. Building on advances
in genetics, a new threat arises from athletes using gene therapy
techniques in the same manner that some abused performance
enhancing drugs were used. Gene doping, as this is known, may
produce spectacular physiologic alterations to dramatically en¬
hance athletic abilities or physical appearance. Furthermore, gene
doping may present pernicious problems for the regulatory
agencies and investigatory laboratories that are entrusted to keep
sporting events fair and ethical. Performance enhanced genetics
will likewise present unique challenges to physicians in many
spheres of their practice.
Abuse of Growth Hormone Among Young Athletes 823
Sergio R.R. Buzzini
The underground abuse of growth hormone (GH) among young
athletes presents a challenge to medical professionals. Health care
professionals providing knowledgeable guidance regarding
healthy ways to improve performance and appearance, as well as
accurate information regarding substances' perceived benefits,
risks, and unknown qualities, is invaluable to the young athlete.
Further research focused on the profile and motivation of young
people who use GH is essential to understanding and intervening
better with those who use these substances.
Index 845
CONTENTS X1U |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV022884453 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:51:31Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:07:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781416051084 1416051082 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016089382 |
| oclc_num | 156812238 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 |
| physical | XVI S., S. 651 - 851 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Saunders |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Pediatric clinics of North America |
| series2 | Pediatric clinics of North America |
| spelling | Performance enhancing drugs guest ed. Peter D. Rogers ... Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 2007 XVI S., S. 651 - 851 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Pediatric clinics of North America 54,4 Adolescenten gtt Anabole steroïden gtt Anabolisants Androgènes Dopage dans les sports Doping gtt Polytoxicomanie Anabolic Agents Anabolic steroids Androgens Child Doping in Sports Doping in sports Substance abuse Substance-Related Disorders Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd rswk-swf Dopingmittel (DE-588)4150425-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 s Dopingmittel (DE-588)4150425-2 s b DE-604 Rogers, Peter D. Sonstige oth Pediatric clinics of North America 54,4 (DE-604)BV000001093 54,4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016089382&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Performance enhancing drugs Pediatric clinics of North America Adolescenten gtt Anabole steroïden gtt Anabolisants Androgènes Dopage dans les sports Doping gtt Polytoxicomanie Anabolic Agents Anabolic steroids Androgens Child Doping in Sports Doping in sports Substance abuse Substance-Related Disorders Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd Dopingmittel (DE-588)4150425-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028859-6 (DE-588)4150425-2 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Performance enhancing drugs |
| title_auth | Performance enhancing drugs |
| title_exact_search | Performance enhancing drugs |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Performance enhancing drugs |
| title_full | Performance enhancing drugs guest ed. Peter D. Rogers ... |
| title_fullStr | Performance enhancing drugs guest ed. Peter D. Rogers ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance enhancing drugs guest ed. Peter D. Rogers ... |
| title_short | Performance enhancing drugs |
| title_sort | performance enhancing drugs |
| topic | Adolescenten gtt Anabole steroïden gtt Anabolisants Androgènes Dopage dans les sports Doping gtt Polytoxicomanie Anabolic Agents Anabolic steroids Androgens Child Doping in Sports Doping in sports Substance abuse Substance-Related Disorders Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd Dopingmittel (DE-588)4150425-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Adolescenten Anabole steroïden Anabolisants Androgènes Dopage dans les sports Doping Polytoxicomanie Anabolic Agents Anabolic steroids Androgens Child Doping in Sports Doping in sports Substance abuse Substance-Related Disorders Jugend Dopingmittel Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016089382&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000001093 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rogerspeterd performanceenhancingdrugs |