Russkoe kuznečnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i ėpochu Moskovskogo Gosudarstva:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Moskva
Znak
2007
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Russian blacksmith's craft in the Golden Horde period and in the epoch of Moskovite State |
| Beschreibung: | 170 S., [55] Bl. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 5955101926 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Russkoe kuznečnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i ėpochu Moskovskogo Gosudarstva |c V. I. Zavʹjalov, L. S. Rozanova, N. N. Terechova |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Russian blacksmith's craft in the Golden Horde period and in the epoch of Moskovite State |
| 264 | 1 | |a Moskva |b Znak |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a 170 S., [55] Bl. |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Rozanova, Ljudmila S. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Terechova, Natalija N. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136946278072320 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Russian blacksmith s craft
in the Golden Horde period
AND IN THE EPOCH OF MUSCOVITE STATE
V. I. Zavyalov, L. S. Rozanova,
N. N.
Terekhova
Summary
This book considers a series of problems related to the history
of the blacksmith s craft in Russia within a wide chronological
span
—
from the time of establishment of the Mongol dominion
until the formation of the Russian centralized state. Conditionally
speaking, the discussed period may be divided into two stages: the
first one marked by the existence of the Golden Horde, that is,
from the second part of the 13th to the late
Іб1*1
cc,
and the second
one related to the epoch of the Muscovite state (the
16* —
17th cc). From the historical standpoint the first stage is character¬
ized by the disunity of Russian lands and parallel development of
the trends toward their consolidation, struggle for national inde¬
pendence, which led to gradual formation of the united Russian
state with Moscow as its centre. The second stage is marked by the
maintenance of centralised power, formation of the all-Russian
market, when new territories joined up the indigenous Russian
lands and Muscovite Russia appeared in the international political
scene as a new state.
The blacksmith s craft may be rightly regarded as a base for
the growth of Russia s economic culture. To a great extent it was
this branch of economy that contributed considerably to the rise
of the economic and political potential of the Russian state, which
in the early 18th
с
had resulted in its transformation into an in¬
dustrially developed power.
The range of the problems considered in the monograph in¬
cludes both ones of purely technological nature and those related
to the cultural and historical studies. The former comprise the
following: reconstruction of the blacksmith technologies used
when producing artefacts; identification of the raw materials used,
Summary
167
both their character and quality; characteristic of artisan s profes¬
sional skills; revealing of technical and technological specifics of
the blacksmith production in relation to the territorial and
chronological classification. As for the cultural and chronological
problems, we were mainly interested in the problems of continuity
or discontinuity in the production traditions with regard to the
consequences of the Mongol invasion, as well as in specific fea¬
tures of development of the blacksmith s craft against the back¬
ground of the process of formation of the centralised Russian
state.
In correspondence to the raised problems this work consists
of two interrelated parts. The first one is devoted to the analysis of
the Russian blacksmith s craft in the Golden Horde period. The
second one deals with iron production and ironworking in the
Muscovite state.
The work has been carried out by the group of metallogra¬
phic investigations in the Laboratory of natural sciences, the Insti¬
tute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. It is based on
the method of archaeometallography, which permits to raise and
solve not only technological, but historical problems as well. When
performing the metallographic analyses we applied the method of
revealing technological schemes characteristic of specific modes of
shaping concrete objects produced at a given archaeological site.
This method was used and approved on the materials originating
from the earlier periods. We use the term technological scheme
to denote the sequence of blacksmith operations. Special attention
is paid to the quality of executing separate operations, correct
choice of the temperature regime, character of the raw material
used, and so forth. Consequently, a technical and technological
characteristic of each analysed object is obtained.
On the second stage of investigation we distributed the tech¬
nological schemes by two technological groups. The basic indica¬
tion for the distribution is technology used for shaping the ana¬
lysed artefact. Group I includes the technological schemes associ¬
ated with producing objects of solid metal (iron or steel obtained
in the course of various processes), and of pile-welded blanks.
These technologies are related by their origin to the Early Iron
Age. Group II comprises the technological schemes based on
welded constructions (technological welding together of iron and
steel) that widely spread in the territory of Eastern Europe only in
the period of Medieval
Rus .
168
Summary
Having completed processing of the obtained technological
data, we pass to their historical analysis as the next level of the in¬
vestigation. It includes comparative analysis of interrelation be¬
tween the two discussed technological groups. As a result, we pre¬
sent a reconstruction of production traditions developed in cer¬
tain craft centres and an assessment of preservation or possible
changes in the technological priorities, and discuss various factors
that influenced the situation.
We have chosen knives as the principal category in the reper¬
toire of blacksmith s production to solve the discussed problems.
This was determined by high volume of technological information
these objects contain. The accumulated analytical data concerning
different chronological periods clearly evidence that it is the tech¬
nology of producing knives that most spectacularly mirrors any
transformations in social and economic fields. Of importance is
also the fact that knives are really the objects of mass production
in the blacksmith s craft. The rest of the blacksmith s production is
taken into account in relation to the general technological charac¬
teristic of one or other site.
The analysed materials are considered within three groups of
sites. These are: the towns that functioned as princely seats, like
Novgorod, Pskov, Tver and Moscow; minor towns (Zvenigorod,
Torzhok, Kolomna, Rostislavl Ryazansky, Serensk, the Izborsk
fortress); rural dwelling sites Myakinino
1
and
2,
Nastas ino,
Gryaznovka, Buchalki. The whole corpus of analytical data com¬
prises
1255
analyses. The analytical data obtained by the authors
during the recent five years
(2000—2005)
are published in the
Appendix.
The analysis of correlation of the two technological groups in
the Golden Horde period demonstrates that technological group
II dominated, judging from the materials originating from such
urban centres as Novgorod, Pskov and Tver . This is related to the
continuity of the earlier traditions revealed in the materials from
Novgorod and Pskov dating from the 10th
—
12th cc. The position
occupied by Tver looks similar, since the Tver blacksmith s craft
developed the traditions typical of Northern
Rus .
In Moscow picture is different. Despite the city emerged as an
outpost of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, with its blacksmith s
craft following the northern traditions, the Moscow blacksmiths
on the early stage (the 12th—
ІЗ 1
cc.)
show strongly manifested
southern production traditions, clearly expressed by group I. This
Summary
169
feature may be explained taking into account the historical evi¬
dences concerning the population inflow to Moscow from the
southern Russian territories invaded by the Mongols. The pro¬
duction traditions of minor towns (Kolomna, Rostislavl Ryazansky,
Torzhok, Serensk, Izborsk) had survived after the Mongol inva¬
sion. In connection with the said the situation in Serensk deserves
special attention: substantial shifts in the technological priorities of
the blacksmith s craft had taken place there before the town was
devastated by the Mongol army, whilst after the town s revival lo¬
cal craftsmen continued to work in the traditions formed in the
early
13й1 с
Technological group I prevailed in the Golden Horde period
in the materials from the rural sites. This phenomenon is evi¬
dently connected with the very nature of the rural blacksmith s
production, which presupposed the work of universal craftsman.
In such case no sophisticated technologies could have been ap¬
plied. On the contrary, the objects produced according to the
technological schemes associated with group II were supplied to
the rural sites mainly from the urban craft centres.
The published data on the analysed materials (first of all those
dating from the 12th and the 13th cc.) show that no discontinuity in
production traditions caused by the Mongol invasion can be
traced, despite one may have expected such a situation.
Nonetheless, one cannot deny that from the general economic
standpoint the Mongol yoke had substantially hampered devel¬
opment of metallurgical production. This can be clearly seen,
when comparing our situation with rapid progress in West Euro¬
pean ironmaking, with its big bloomery furnaces and introduction
of mechanical drive, which made it possible to produce blooms up
to
100—150
kg in weight and to start the purposeful production
of cast iron as early as the
5Љ
с.
We have undertaken some investigations of development of
the blacksmith s craft in the conditions of the Russian centralised
state, drawing up the materials of the 16th
—
17th cc. Unfortu¬
nately, our data concerning this period are much more limited
than those from the earlier time. Still, such outstanding sites as
Pskov and Moscow are represented by significant series of metal-
lographic analyses and help to shape an idea on certain trends in
development of the blacksmith s craft in the Muscovite state. As a
result of the performed investigation it can be said that this period
was marked by domination of solid-steel constructions in black-
170
Summary
smith s production. This phenomenon is related to some qualita¬
tive changes in production of ferrous metal
—
transition to the
deliberate production of uklad-steel (bloomery steel). Introduction
of this material opened wide prospects for manufacturing high-
quality production with minimal expenses, which met the de¬
mands of the newly emerged all-Russian market. Whether the ob¬
tained data reflect the general situation in Russia is the point of
the forthcoming researches. Anyway, the coeval materials from
Vitebsk, Polotsk and Zaslavl in Byelorussia show the spread of
similar technological schemes (Gurin
2000: 152—153).
It must be also noted that the tradition of producing objects
with welded-on cutting edges survived. In Pskov such artefacts
make up around
35 %
of the total. The picture observed in the
Byelorussian urban centr.es looks similar (Gurin 20O0:
153).
Evi¬
dently, in the 16th
—
17th cc. this group of production was consid¬
ered expensive, and, possibly, was made to order. It should be
pointed out that some objects with welded-on working edges were
produced until the mid 19th
с. (Завьялов
1990: 154, 1998: 49).
The technical and technological foundations of the ironwork-
ing formed by the blacksmith s craft of Medieval
Rus
in the pre-
Mongol time had not lost its significance despite the long period
of destruction in the country s history: its potential functioned un¬
til the epoch of Peter the Great, when both production of ferrous
metals and ironworking reached the industrial level. As soon as
favourable conditions for industrial development had been cre¬
ated, Russia was able to realise its technological potential evi¬
denced by the breakthrough in development of iron metallurgy.
(Translated by L. I. Avilova)
Содержание
Введение
.........................................................................................5
Часть
I
Особенности развития кузнечного производства
в золотоордынский период
(XIII—
XV
вв.)
Глава
1.
Кузнечество в стольных городах
.................................18
Новгород
....................................................................18
Псков
..........................................................................33
Тверь
..........................................................................39
Москва
........................................................................48
Глава
2.
Кузнечная продукция малых городов
.......................67
Коломна
.....................................................................67
Звенигород Московский
..........................................70
Торжок
.......................................................................72
Ростиславль Рязанский
.............................................82
Серенск
......................................................................87
Изборская Крепость
.................................................90
Глава
3.
Кузнечное дело на сельских памятниках
...................97
Мякинино-1
...............................................................98
Мякинино-2
.............................................................104
Настасьино
...............................................................108
Селища Куликова поля
..........................................114
4
Содержание
Часть
II
Характер железопроизводства
в Московском государстве
(XVI—XVII
вв.)
Глава
1.
Техника кузнечного производства
в Московском государстве
..........................................134
Глава
2.
Железо как предмет торговли
...................................148
Заключение
................................................................................155
Литература
.................................................................................158
Summary
......................................................................................166
Список сокращений
..................................................................171
Приложение
...............................................................................172
|
| adam_txt |
Russian blacksmith's craft
in the Golden Horde period
AND IN THE EPOCH OF MUSCOVITE STATE
V. I. Zavyalov, L. S. Rozanova,
N. N.
Terekhova
Summary
This book considers a series of problems related to the history
of the blacksmith's craft in Russia within a wide chronological
span
—
from the time of establishment of the Mongol dominion
until the formation of the Russian centralized state. Conditionally
speaking, the discussed period may be divided into two stages: the
first one marked by the existence of the Golden Horde, that is,
from the second part of the 13th to the late
Іб1*1
cc,
and the second
one related to the epoch of the Muscovite state (the
16* —
17th cc). From the historical standpoint the first stage is character¬
ized by the disunity of Russian lands and parallel development of
the trends toward their consolidation, struggle for national inde¬
pendence, which led to gradual formation of the united Russian
state with Moscow as its centre. The second stage is marked by the
maintenance of centralised power, formation of the all-Russian
market, when new territories joined up the indigenous Russian
lands and Muscovite Russia appeared in the international political
scene as a new state.
The blacksmith's craft may be rightly regarded as a base for
the growth of Russia's economic culture. To a great extent it was
this branch of economy that contributed considerably to the rise
of the economic and political potential of the Russian state, which
in the early 18th
с
had resulted in its transformation into an in¬
dustrially developed power.
The range of the problems considered in the monograph in¬
cludes both ones of purely technological nature and those related
to the cultural and historical studies. The former comprise the
following: reconstruction of the blacksmith technologies used
when producing artefacts; identification of the raw materials used,
Summary
167
both their character and quality; characteristic of artisan's profes¬
sional skills; revealing of technical and technological specifics of
the blacksmith production in relation to the territorial and
chronological classification. As for the cultural and chronological
problems, we were mainly interested in the problems of continuity
or discontinuity in the production traditions with regard to the
consequences of the Mongol invasion, as well as in specific fea¬
tures of development of the blacksmith's craft against the back¬
ground of the process of formation of the centralised Russian
state.
In correspondence to the raised problems this work consists
of two interrelated parts. The first one is devoted to the analysis of
the Russian blacksmith's craft in the Golden Horde period. The
second one deals with iron production and ironworking in the
Muscovite state.
The work has been carried out by the group of metallogra¬
phic investigations in the Laboratory of natural sciences, the Insti¬
tute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. It is based on
the method of archaeometallography, which permits to raise and
solve not only technological, but historical problems as well. When
performing the metallographic analyses we applied the method of
revealing technological schemes characteristic of specific modes of
shaping concrete objects produced at a given archaeological site.
This method was used and approved on the materials originating
from the earlier periods. We use the term "technological scheme"
to denote the sequence of blacksmith operations. Special attention
is paid to the quality of executing separate operations, correct
choice of the temperature regime, character of the raw material
used, and so forth. Consequently, a technical and technological
characteristic of each analysed object is obtained.
On the second stage of investigation we distributed the tech¬
nological schemes by two technological groups. The basic indica¬
tion for the distribution is technology used for shaping the ana¬
lysed artefact. Group I includes the technological schemes associ¬
ated with producing objects of solid metal (iron or steel obtained
in the course of various processes), and of pile-welded blanks.
These technologies are related by their origin to the Early Iron
Age. Group II comprises the technological schemes based on
welded constructions (technological welding together of iron and
steel) that widely spread in the territory of Eastern Europe only in
the period of Medieval
Rus'.
168
Summary
Having completed processing of the obtained technological
data, we pass to their historical analysis as the next level of the in¬
vestigation. It includes comparative analysis of interrelation be¬
tween the two discussed technological groups. As a result, we pre¬
sent a reconstruction of production traditions developed in cer¬
tain craft centres and an assessment of preservation or possible
changes in the technological priorities, and discuss various factors
that influenced the situation.
We have chosen knives as the principal category in the reper¬
toire of blacksmith's production to solve the discussed problems.
This was determined by high volume of technological information
these objects contain. The accumulated analytical data concerning
different chronological periods clearly evidence that it is the tech¬
nology of producing knives that most spectacularly mirrors any
transformations in social and economic fields. Of importance is
also the fact that knives are really the objects of mass production
in the blacksmith's craft. The rest of the blacksmith's production is
taken into account in relation to the general technological charac¬
teristic of one or other site.
The analysed materials are considered within three groups of
sites. These are: the towns that functioned as princely seats, like
Novgorod, Pskov, Tver' and Moscow; minor towns (Zvenigorod,
Torzhok, Kolomna, Rostislavl Ryazansky, Serensk, the Izborsk
fortress); rural dwelling sites Myakinino
1
and
2,
Nastas'ino,
Gryaznovka, Buchalki. The whole corpus of analytical data com¬
prises
1255
analyses. The analytical data obtained by the authors
during the recent five years
(2000—2005)
are published in the
Appendix.
The analysis of correlation of the two technological groups in
the Golden Horde period demonstrates that technological group
II dominated, judging from the materials originating from such
urban centres as Novgorod, Pskov and Tver'. This is related to the
continuity of the earlier traditions revealed in the materials from
Novgorod and Pskov dating from the 10th
—
12th cc. The position
occupied by Tver' looks similar, since the Tver' blacksmith's craft
developed the traditions typical of Northern
Rus'.
In Moscow picture is different. Despite the city emerged as an
outpost of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, with its blacksmith's
craft following the northern traditions, the Moscow blacksmiths
on the early stage (the 12th—
ІЗ"1
cc.)
show strongly manifested
southern production traditions, clearly expressed by group I. This
Summary
169
feature may be explained taking into account the historical evi¬
dences concerning the population inflow to Moscow from the
southern Russian territories invaded by the Mongols. The pro¬
duction traditions of minor towns (Kolomna, Rostislavl Ryazansky,
Torzhok, Serensk, Izborsk) had survived after the Mongol inva¬
sion. In connection with the said the situation in Serensk deserves
special attention: substantial shifts in the technological priorities of
the blacksmith's craft had taken place there before the town was
devastated by the Mongol army, whilst after the town's revival lo¬
cal craftsmen continued to work in the traditions formed in the
early
13й1 с
Technological group I prevailed in the Golden Horde period
in the materials from the rural sites. This phenomenon is evi¬
dently connected with the very nature of the rural blacksmith's
production, which presupposed the work of universal craftsman.
In such case no sophisticated technologies could have been ap¬
plied. On the contrary, the objects produced according to the
technological schemes associated with group II were supplied to
the rural sites mainly from the urban craft centres.
The published data on the analysed materials (first of all those
dating from the 12th and the 13th cc.) show that no discontinuity in
production traditions caused by the Mongol invasion can be
traced, despite one may have expected such a situation.
Nonetheless, one cannot deny that from the general economic
standpoint the Mongol yoke had substantially hampered devel¬
opment of metallurgical production. This can be clearly seen,
when comparing our situation with rapid progress in West Euro¬
pean ironmaking, with its big bloomery furnaces and introduction
of mechanical drive, which made it possible to produce blooms up
to
100—150
kg in weight and to start the purposeful production
of cast iron as early as the
\5Љ
с.
We have undertaken some investigations of development of
the blacksmith's craft in the conditions of the Russian centralised
state, drawing up the materials of the 16th
—
17th cc. Unfortu¬
nately, our data concerning this period are much more limited
than those from the earlier time. Still, such outstanding sites as
Pskov and Moscow are represented by significant series of metal-
lographic analyses and help to shape an idea on certain trends in
development of the blacksmith's craft in the Muscovite state. As a
result of the performed investigation it can be said that this period
was marked by domination of solid-steel constructions in black-
170
Summary
smith's production. This phenomenon is related to some qualita¬
tive changes in production of ferrous metal
—
transition to the
deliberate production of uklad-steel (bloomery steel). Introduction
of this material opened wide prospects for manufacturing high-
quality production with minimal expenses, which met the de¬
mands of the newly emerged all-Russian market. Whether the ob¬
tained data reflect the general situation in Russia is the point of
the forthcoming researches. Anyway, the coeval materials from
Vitebsk, Polotsk and Zaslavl in Byelorussia show the spread of
similar technological schemes (Gurin
2000: 152—153).
It must be also noted that the tradition of producing objects
with welded-on cutting edges survived. In Pskov such artefacts
make up around
35 %
of the total. The picture observed in the
Byelorussian urban centr.es looks similar (Gurin 20O0:
153).
Evi¬
dently, in the 16th
—
17th cc. this group of production was consid¬
ered expensive, and, possibly, was made to order. It should be
pointed out that some objects with welded-on working edges were
produced until the mid 19th
с. (Завьялов
1990: 154, 1998: 49).
The technical and technological foundations of the ironwork-
ing formed by the blacksmith's craft of Medieval
Rus'
in the pre-
Mongol time had not lost its significance despite the long period
of destruction in the country's history: its potential functioned un¬
til the epoch of Peter the Great, when both production of ferrous
metals and ironworking reached the industrial level. As soon as
favourable conditions for industrial development had been cre¬
ated, Russia was able to realise its technological potential evi¬
denced by the breakthrough in development of iron metallurgy.
(Translated by L. I. Avilova)
Содержание
Введение
.5
Часть
I
Особенности развития кузнечного производства
в золотоордынский период
(XIII—
XV
вв.)
Глава
1.
Кузнечество в стольных городах
.18
Новгород
.18
Псков
.33
Тверь
.39
Москва
.48
Глава
2.
Кузнечная продукция малых городов
.67
Коломна
.67
Звенигород Московский
.70
Торжок
.72
Ростиславль Рязанский
.82
Серенск
.87
Изборская Крепость
.90
Глава
3.
Кузнечное дело на сельских памятниках
.97
Мякинино-1
.98
Мякинино-2
.104
Настасьино
.108
Селища Куликова поля
.114
4
Содержание
Часть
II
Характер железопроизводства
в Московском государстве
(XVI—XVII
вв.)
Глава
1.
Техника кузнечного производства
в Московском государстве
.134
Глава
2.
Железо как предмет торговли
.148
Заключение
.155
Литература
.158
Summary
.166
Список сокращений
.171
Приложение
.172 |
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| author | Zavʹjalov, Vladimir I. Rozanova, Ljudmila S. Terechova, Natalija N. |
| author_facet | Zavʹjalov, Vladimir I. Rozanova, Ljudmila S. Terechova, Natalija N. |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Zavʹjalov, Vladimir I. |
| author_variant | v i z vi viz l s r ls lsr n n t nn nnt |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022721110 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)238902484 (DE-599)BVBBV022721110 |
| era | Geschichte 1200-1700 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1200-1700 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
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| id | DE-604.BV022721110 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:30:08Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:04:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 5955101926 |
| language | Russian |
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| physical | 170 S., [55] Bl. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
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| spelling | Zavʹjalov, Vladimir I. Verfasser aut Russkoe kuznečnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i ėpochu Moskovskogo Gosudarstva V. I. Zavʹjalov, L. S. Rozanova, N. N. Terechova Russian blacksmith's craft in the Golden Horde period and in the epoch of Moskovite State Moskva Znak 2007 170 S., [55] Bl. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Russian blacksmith's craft in the Golden Horde period and in the epoch of Moskovite State Geschichte 1200-1700 gnd rswk-swf Metallographie (DE-588)4169614-1 gnd rswk-swf Schmiedehandwerk (DE-588)4219254-7 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4184303-4 Tabelle gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Schmiedehandwerk (DE-588)4219254-7 s Geschichte 1200-1700 z DE-604 Metallographie (DE-588)4169614-1 s Rozanova, Ljudmila S. Verfasser aut Terechova, Natalija N. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015926831&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015926831&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Zavʹjalov, Vladimir I. Rozanova, Ljudmila S. Terechova, Natalija N. Russkoe kuznečnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i ėpochu Moskovskogo Gosudarstva Metallographie (DE-588)4169614-1 gnd Schmiedehandwerk (DE-588)4219254-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4169614-1 (DE-588)4219254-7 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4184303-4 |
| title | Russkoe kuznečnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i ėpochu Moskovskogo Gosudarstva |
| title_alt | Russian blacksmith's craft in the Golden Horde period and in the epoch of Moskovite State |
| title_auth | Russkoe kuznečnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i ėpochu Moskovskogo Gosudarstva |
| title_exact_search | Russkoe kuznečnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i ėpochu Moskovskogo Gosudarstva |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Russkoe kuznečnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i ėpochu Moskovskogo Gosudarstva |
| title_full | Russkoe kuznečnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i ėpochu Moskovskogo Gosudarstva V. I. Zavʹjalov, L. S. Rozanova, N. N. Terechova |
| title_fullStr | Russkoe kuznečnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i ėpochu Moskovskogo Gosudarstva V. I. Zavʹjalov, L. S. Rozanova, N. N. Terechova |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russkoe kuznečnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i ėpochu Moskovskogo Gosudarstva V. I. Zavʹjalov, L. S. Rozanova, N. N. Terechova |
| title_short | Russkoe kuznečnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i ėpochu Moskovskogo Gosudarstva |
| title_sort | russkoe kuznecnoe remeslo v zolotoordynskij period i epochu moskovskogo gosudarstva |
| topic | Metallographie (DE-588)4169614-1 gnd Schmiedehandwerk (DE-588)4219254-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Metallographie Schmiedehandwerk Russland Tabelle |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015926831&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015926831&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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