Verfügbarkeit: Grof Čedomilj Mijatović

Grof Čedomilj Mijatović: viktorijanac među Srbima

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Marković, Slobodan G. 1972- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Veröffentlicht:	Beograd Dosije [u.a.] 2006
Ausgabe:	1. izd.
Schriftenreihe:	Biblioteka Životopisi 1
Schlagworte:	Mijatović, Čedomilj <1842-1932> Mijatović, Čedomilj > 1842-1932 Historians > Serbia > Biography Politicians > Serbia > Biography Biografie
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract
Beschreibung:	In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Count Chedomille Miyatovich ...
Beschreibung:	482 S. Ill.
ISBN:	8677380515

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Садржај Предговор .......................................................11 Увод ............................................................13 I. ДЕТИЊСТВО И РАНА КАРИЈЕРА ..............................17 Детињство и родитељи ........................................17 Школовање ...................................................24 Професура и рана каријера .................................... ЗО Први боравци у Лондону и мисија на Црноморској конференции 34 Железничко питање, ..........................................39 Први пут министар ...........................................44 И. ЕКОНОМСКА И ПОЛИТИЧНА СХВАТАЊА ....................52 Слобода и право својине ......................................52 Критика комунистичких (социјалистичких) схватања........... 54 Припадност либерализму ....................... i .............60 III. ЛИЧНИ КРУГ ................................................62 Филантроп Франсис Макензи, Мијатовић и назарени ............62 Елодија Лотн Мијатовићка .....................................66 Покушај верске обнове .......................■.................. 72 IV. ДЕСЕТЛЕЋЕ НАПРЕДЊАКА, 1880-1889.........................79 Долазак напредњака на власт ..................................81 У Пироћанчевој влади као министар иностраних дела - Склапање Тајне конвенціє ....................................88 Успостављање д игоюматских односа са САД ....................98 У Пироћанчевој влади као министар финансија ....... v .........99 Бонтуова афера и криза Напредне странке .....................107 Посланик у Лондону или гувернер?. ■............. -¿ ........... t ... 115 Однос британског јавног мшења према Балкану и Србији ....... 125 S Слободан Г. Марковић: Гроф Чедомить Мијатовић Форин офис и британско јавно мњење поводом проглашења уједињења Бугарске ..........................................129 Атмосфера у Србији: ратна и антиратна странка ...............134 Преговарач на конференции у Букурешту .....................140 Изгледи премијерског места и нови портфель министра финансија .........................................145 Економска политика Мијатовићева ...........................149 По други пут министар иностраних дела ......................152 V. ПРЕЛОМНА ГОДИНА КОСОВСКЕ СВЕТКОВИНЕ .............159 Абдикација кральа Милана ....................................160 Светковина и „Народни одисај ............................... 169 VI. КЊИЖЕВНА СЛАВА И ИСТОРИОГРАФСКИ РАДОВИ ........176 Случај Немања ..............................................180 Од књижевне славе до одбачености ...........................181 Мијатовић као историчар ....................................185 VII. ЛОНДОНСКЕ ГОДИНЕ, 1889-1903...........................194 Поново у Енглеској (1889-1893)...............................194 Сарадња са Трговинским гласником ............................196 Историографски и књижевни радови ..........................200 Последњи пут министар ......................................204 Посланик у Букурешту .........,.............................207 Поново посланик у Лондону ..................................209 На мировној конференцией у Хагу .............................218 Кратак повратак на Балкан: Посланик у Цариграду .............222 Т^ајан одлазак у Лондон ......................................229 По трећи пут посланик у Лондону (1902-1903).................234 Углед у Британији ............................................237 VIII. МАЈСКИ ПРЕВРАТ И КРАЈ МИЈАТОВИЋЕВОГ ПОСЛАНСТВА ............................................241 Реакција на Мајски преврат у Британией .......................243 Спиритистичко предсказание .................................225 Оставка Мијатовићева....................................... 228 Садржај _______________________________________________________ 9 Наступи γ јавности поводом преврата .........................252 Сукоб са митрополитом Инокентијем .....................___258 Краљ Едвард VII и обнављање одно,са .........................261 Незванични дипломатами напори .............................263 IX. ЛОНДОНСКЕ ГОДИНЕ ДО ПРВОГ СВЕТСКОГ PATA.......... 275 Учешће на Лондонској конференцией ..........................283 Пред искушењем архиепископске части .......................286 X. ПРОПАГАНДНА НАСТОЈАЊА ЗА ВРЕМЕ ПРВОГ СВЕТСКОГ PATA. .....................................297 Одлазак у САД и Канаду и сарадња са Емелин Панкхерст .......299 Прослава Косовског дана .....................................310 Напори на пропагирању Србије у Британији................... 313 Четири просрпске кампање у Британией .......................315 Уједињење Европе, Балкана и Југословена..................... 323 XI. КЊИЖЕВНО-ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧКИ РАД МИЈАТОВИЋЕВ У ЛОНДОНУ ...............................327 Публицистички рад у ужем смислу, или Чедомил» Мијатовић као новинар .............................327 Преводилачки рад ...........................................334 Научно-публицистички рад ..................................338 Сарадња у Енциклопедији Британици .........................349 XII. ПОСЛЕДЊЕ ГОДИНЕ И СМРТ ..............................354 Наслов грофа ................................................357 Лэубавни живот и други брак .................................360 Горчина последњих дана ......................................362 ХПІ. ДУХОВНИ СВЕТ ЧЕДОМИЉА МИЈАТОВИЋА ..............373 Креманско пророчанство .....................................375 Спиритизам .................................................382 (Пословна) етика ............................................390 Однос према вери. ...........................................395 Викторијанац међу Србима ...................................401 10________________________ СпобоЬан Г. Марковић: Гроф Чеоомиљ Mujamoeuh XIV. ЈЕДНА НЕОБИЧНА СУДБИНА .............................404 Mana места боравка Чедомиља Мијатовића ....................408 Хронологија живота Чедомиља Мијатовића ....................409 БИБЛИОГРАФИЈА РАДОВА ЧЕДОМИЉА МИЈАТОВИЋА ........417 Монографије ................................................417 Памфлети и брошуре ........................................420 Некролози и беседе ..........................................421 РадовиобјављениуЕнглеској .................................422 Радови из црквене штампе ....................................426 Преводи ....................................................430 ИЗВОРИ И ЛИТЕРАТУРА .......................................431 Андреј Митровић: Чедомиљ Мијатовић и рађање грађанства у Србији ................450 Count Chedomille Miyatovich, a Victorian Among the Serbs ...........454 ИНДЕКС .......................................................467 COUNT CHEDOMILLE MIYATOVICH, A VICTORIAN AMONG THE SERBS by Slobodan G. Markovich When Chedomille Miyatovich1 died in London in 1932 he was very much forgotten in Serbia. As an adherent of the fallen dynasty of Obrenovich, his great role in Serbian history, literature, historiography, diplomacy and in the building of modern institutions in Serbia easily went into oblivion. Miyatovich was a European trained intellectual, a person of high esteem and important accomplishments. He was born in 1842 in Belgrade, at that time the capital of the Principality of Serbia. The town of Belgrade had a Turkish garrison in its citadel and an Oriental background that was daily challenged by steady Europeanisation. His family was a typical middle class Serbian family. His father Milan (1805-1852) was a lawyer who came to Serbia from Southern Hungary and became a teacher of Latin, history and geography in Belgrade First Gymnasium (Grammar School). His stepfather, Vasílíye Berar (f 1871), was an inspector and director of the state printing house. Still, he was primarily influenced by his beautiful and mystical mother, Rakila Kristina (1826-1901), who was of mixed Serbian-Spanish origin. He studied a combination of economic courses and sciences in Munich, Zurich and Leipzig between 1863 and 1865 and completed his education by gaining experience from the National Bank of Austria and Kredit Anstalt. At the age of 23 he became a professor at the High School based in Belgrade, the highest educational institution in Serbia of that age. He taught political economy and wrote three very influential textbooks, two of which were based of Lorenz Stein. In these works he showed his affinity for liberal economy and influenced many later Serbian economists to take similar positions. As a professor he started campaigning in favour of building a railway through Serbia. He gained many supporters among merchants and educated men for this idea, but many opposed him in Serbia during this campaign. His first important diplomatic mission took place in London at the beginning of 1871. He was an unofficial representative of Serbia at the Black Sea Conference that, amongst other things, discussed Austro-Hungarian efforts to 1 His family name is a/so spelled Miyatovitch, Mijatovi/t/ch, Mijatovics and Mijatović. Coutil Chedomillc Miyutciniuu Victorian Among ¡lu· establish police control over the Danube and to suspend the authority of the Commission that gathered all Danubian countries including Serbia. These proposals were not accepted by the Conference in the end, and Miyatovich was credited for succeeding to organise resistance to Austra-Hungarian proposals. These events are covered in the first chapter of this book on Childhood and Early Career . The second chapter analyses his economic and political views. He considered private property as a sacred matter. Being an advocate of the free market and economic liberalisation, he was the first Serbian theoretician to enter into polemics with early Serbian socialist utopians. In this debate he attacked communist ideas and explained that an underdeveloped country like Serbia can only progress with an adequate tax system and modernisation and that an egalitarian society can survive only in the most primitive and underdeveloped economies. He was probably the most liberal Serbian economist in the Nineteenth Century. During his studies in Germany he met his future British wife Elodie Lawton (1825-1908), previously a dedicated abolitionist in Boston, who influenced him significantly, and turned him into a devoted Anglophile. She was a member of the Wesleyan Church and was able to imbue her husband with nonconformist religious devotion. Miyatovich always remained faithful to the Serbian Orthodox Church but wanted to bring some religious zeal into it, That was not a very popular task in Serbia of his time. He found a collaborator in this endeavour in the person of a Belgrade priest Aleksa Ilich who established a reiigious monthly Hrtshchanski Vesník (Christian Messanger), the first journal dedicated to religious revival in Serbia. A Scottish philanthropist Francis Mackenzie who settled in Belgrade helped this project materially and Miyatovich remained one of the main contributors of the journal. These events are covered in the third chapter, Personal circle . The fourth chapter entitled A Decade of the Progressists deals with the most important period in his political development. Miyatovich s career was meteoric. At the age of thirty-one he was aìreaày Minister of Finance at the end of 1873. He started his career as a protegé of the leader of the subsequent Liberal Party, Yovan Ristich, but soon joined the club of so called young conservatives who turned into a kind of the personal party of the Serbian ruler, Prince Milan Obrenovich (Prince from 1868, and King from 1882 till 1889). In the Government of Yovan Marinovich, from November 1873 till December 1874 he was Minister of Finance for the second time and in that capacity he was instrumental in bringing important reforms. He introduced the metric system to Serbia. Serbia joined the Latin Monetary Union and he baptised the new domestic currency, the dinar, after mediaeval Serbian silver coins. He 456 Слободан Г. Марковић: Гроф Чедомиљ Мијатовић always considered his most important achievement in this government the law stipulating the amount of property that had to be left to peasants, and could not be confiscated to cover their debts. This minimal amount included peasant s house, a yoke of oxen, the plough, and five acres of land. He was elected for the third time as Minister of Finance in the Government of Danilo Stefanovich in 1875. The group of young conservatives which he joined established the newspaper Videlo and soon came to power in October 1880. In the Government of Milan Pirotyanats, Miyatovich got two tenures. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Finance. Being a close friend of the ruler and in control of the two key ministries he was considered by many diplomats as the most influential person of this Cabinet. Prince Milan used him for the most significant missions. The two decisions that shaped Serbia s history for many years were carried out by Miyatovich. The first one had to deal with foreign policy. When Austria-Hungary and Russia divided spheres of influence in the Balkans, Serbia was delineated within Aus tro -Hungarian zone. Russian diplomats openly admitted as much to the Serbian Prime Minister Ristich during the Congress of Berlin. A devoted Russophile like Ristich was not in a position to reconcile Serbia with this new geo-political reality. When modern political parties were created in Serbia, in 1881, the Progressive Party turned out to be the only of the three parties (the other two being the mostly pro-Russian Liberal Party and very pro-Russian Radicai Party) that was ready to make an agreement with Austria-Hungary. The ruler decided to open a new page in Serbian foreign policy and arranged that a secret convention should be signed with the Habsburg Monarchy. Miyatovich was gradually entrusted by the ruler to complete this task and on 28 June 1881 he signed the Secret Convention by which Serbia got the diplomatic and political backing of the Habsburg Empire but abandoned her independence in the field of Foreign Policy. When the two other most prominent members of the Cabinet, Prime Minister Pirotyanats and Home Minister Garashanin learned about the exact contents of the Convention they decided to resign but had to accept the new reality in the end. In return Miyatovich had to resign his post as Minister of Foreign Affairs and kept only his tenure at the Ministry of Finance. During talks that preceded the signing of the Convention Miyatovich was well received in Vienna by the Emperor Francis Joseph and other dignitaries of the Empire. The Emperor decorated him with the first class of the Order of the Iron Crown, which entitled its bearer to be Austro -Hungarian count. His last act as Minister of Foreign Affairs was to sign a Consular Convention and a Commercial Agreement with the United States of America on 14 October Count Chedomilie Miyatovich, a Victorian Among the Serb _______457 1881. By this event diplomatic relations between the two countries officially began. As the Minister of Finance Miyatovich had to secure Serbia s commitments from the Berlin Treaty by which she undertook to build the part of the Vienna-Constantinople railway line that went through Serbia. Since Serbia could not finance the project herself a proper foreign creditor had to be found and a Parisian financial society called Union Général was selected in 1881. Unfortunately it faced bankruptcy as soon as the beginning of 1882 which brought the already shaky state of Serbian finances very close to complete disaster. Learning of the bankruptcy Miyatovich urgently travelled to Paris and there supported by Austro -Hungarian diplomacy found a way out. Another financial house Comptoir National D Escompte took on the projects without detriment to Serbia. In spite of this success the reputation of Miyatovich s party suffered a serious blow and never recovered. It turned out that the agents of the Union Général in Belgrade had tried to bribe many MPs and politicians and the reputation of the Progressivists suffered the most from this. He took personal part in preparing a law on the establishment of the National Bank of Serbia that was passed by the Serbian Parliament in January 1883. He advocated establishment of such institution long before and had an opportunity to establish it during his tenure. The Government of the Progressivists resigned in October 1883. Being an Anglophile Miyatovich wished to be appointed as the first Serbian Minister in London, but had to wait until October 1884 when he became the second Serbian Minister at the Court of St. James s. London society was familiar to him from his previous diplomatic mission and trips to England with his wife. During this tenure he came into contact with many influential persons but his diplomatic post in London soon ended since he was appointed to be the sole Serbian negotiator in Bucharest where peace negotiations were scheduled following the Serbian-Bulgarian War. Serbia attacked Bulgaria on November 14, 1885 and within two weeks suffered a humiliating defeat. It was thanks to the Secret Convention signed with Austria-Hungary that Serbia was able to get out of the war without suffering more serious consequences. In Bucharest Miyatovich and the Bulgarian representative Ivan Gueshov concluded, on 3 March 1886, one of the shortest treaties in diplomatic history with one article only: Article seul et unique. - Letat de paix qui a cessé d exister entre le Royaume de Serbie et le Principauté du Bulgarie le 2-14 Novembre, 1885, est rétabli à partir de l échange de ratification du present traité qui aura lieu à Bucharest. Miyatovich proved to be a peacemaker since he had ignored instructions from Belgrade that were prepared in such a way that he was supposed to find an excuse for new war. Apparently Miyatovich was more worried about what 458 Слободан Г. Марковић: Гроф Чедомиљ Мијатовић sort of reputation he would have in England if negotiations failed than about criticism from Belgrade for his conciliatory approach. After concluding the peace treaty without any detriments for Serbia he nearly became a prime minister but in the end became Finance Minister again. During his two tenures as Minister of Finance (October 1880 - October 1883 and April 1886 - June 1887) he was able to double state revenues. This undoubtedly was a success. The problem was that expenditures in the period 1880-1887 grew some 128% which brought about persistent problems with budgetary deficits. The effects of independence and fulfilment of accepted preconditions were hard on state finances and no one thought about that in Serbia at the time of the Congress of Berlin. Serbian statesmen did not seem to be aware of how much independence would cost. When the Government of Garashanin resigned in June 1887 the first wave of persecution of the progressivists came about. This was temporarily stopped when a new government was formed by a non-partisan politician loyal to the long, Nikola Hirstich. In that Government Miyatovich was Minister of Foreign Affairs (April 1888 - March 1889). In that position he signed, in February 1889, a new Secret Convention with validity until 1 January 1895 although his role was not very prominent during the negotiations. All these important events are discussed in the fourth chapter. The next chapter deals with the turning year in his career - 1889. This was the year of the 500 anniversary of the Kosovo Battle. As Minister of Foreign Affairs and President of the Serbian Royal Academy Miyatovich was involved in preparations for this event and he made lot of efforts to recover the relics then in Southern Hungary of the Serbian mediaeval Prince Lazar who was lolled in the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. At the beginning of 1889, due to a personal misunderstanding, he resigned his membership in the Progressive party and some time later came into conflict with its chief, until then his main political ally, Milutin Garashanin. The decision of King Milan to abdicate on 6 March 1889 effectively ended his special position at the Court. Since he was known to be a devoted friend of King Milan through his abdication and the coming to power of his previous opponents Miyatovich s political career was endangered. When the Radical Party came to power in March 1889 they soon undertook retaliation against their political opponents and on 26 May 1889 when Progressivists held their party meeting in Belgrade they were severely beaten by a mob inspired by the Radical Party. Miyatovich s plans to bring the relics of the saint-prince to Serbia lost any chances to be realised when radicals came to power, since Austria-Hungary was dissatisfied with this course of events and prevented the transfer. Miyatovich was fully disappointed. His favourite ruler had abdicated, he was in conflict with his key political ally, and Count ChedomìlleMiyatovich, a Victorian Among the Serbs 4.59 his project for the transfer of relics had failed. Faced with all these failures he decided to leave Serbia and withdrew to Britain in September 1889. The Sixth chapter covers his literary and historical works. His main achievement in the field of literature was the introduction to Serbian literature of Gothic stories and novels. He began writing stories in the 1 860s and became popular immediately. His historical work on the Serbian mediaeval ruler Dyurady Brankovich made him both a famous writer and historian. în 1885 he published one novel entitled Boyana in the same collection with Oscar Wílde.2 He returned to Gothic novels during his self-exile in Britain when he wrote two very popular novels Ikoniya. Vezirova mayka (Ikoniya. A mother of Vizier) in 1891 and Rayko od Rasine (Rayko of Rasina) in 1892. After writing these two novels he became perhaps the most popular Serbian writer of his age. When he celebrated his 50 birthday in London all major literary journals particularly among Serbs in Hungary celebrated him as the leading Serbian writer. He was also considered to be the best stylist among Serbian writers. However, a younger generation of literary critics repudiated his works at the beginning of the twentieth century and considered that his style was full of romanticism and completely obsolete. In spite of this re-evaluation he remained very popular among public. He introduced Gothic novels with an aim to make Serbian literary imagination more Western European and to present Serbian heritage as being much more in correspondence with Western tradition than it really was. In his last novel Kmlyichina Andyeliya (Angelia. Queen s Lady) he fabricates a story of Serbian crusaders who go to Palestine with an exact aim to place Serbian history within the Western European tradition. His literary opponents who claimed to be advocates of Western European positivism misunderstood his intentions. In the field of historiography he found himself in the middle of two opposing camps. One consisted of historians who introduced the so called critical school based on positivism and the other camp was comprised of historians who viewed past in a romantic fashion. Miyatovich oscillated between these two groups but eventually joined the critical camp. Yet, many later historians have critically placed him within the romanticist camp. He introduced an idealist view of history to Serbian historiography but this achievement has never been recognised. In Britain he became well known when he published a book on the last Byzantine Emperor.3 Owing to this book Baroness Margaret Susan Mitford Tyssen-Amherst (ed.), In a Good Cause (London: W. Gardner, Darton, Őf Co., 1885). Chedomille Mijatovich, Constantine the last Emperor of the Greeks; or the Conquest of Con¬ stantinople by the Turks (A. D. 1453), After the latest Historical Researches (London: Samp¬ son Low, Marston and Co., 1892). The book was later translated into Russian and Spanish. 460 ______ СпобоЬан Г. Марковић: Гроф Чедомиљ Мијатовић he was elected to be an honorary member of the Royal Historical Society,4 being the first Serb to attain such a distinction. Some time earlier he had become the second President of the Serbian Royal Academy, in 1888-89. The seventh chapter entitled London years, 1889-1903 covers his activities in Britain in this period. He was in a land of self-exile between September 1889 and the beginning of 1894. Thanks to his books he remained popular to the Serbian public. Since he had financial problems he became a correspondent for the Belgrade newspaper Trgovinski glasnik {Commercial Herald). Thus he became the first Serbian newspaper correspondent from London. His articles were of very high quality and offered the Serbian public clear analysis and insights into the London stock exchanges and British economy. During this period he published small book entitled О uslovima uspeha (On Preconditions for Success). This book was very much influenced by the series of books by British social reformer Samuel Smiles (1812-1904), especially by his bestseller Self-help (1859). In 1894 he returned from his self-exile to become Minister of Finance for the last time, but his tenure ended with the resignation of the whole Government after only two months in April 1894. He spent the rest ofthat year as a Serbian Minister in Bucharest but was recalled at the end of 1894. In April 1895 he got his favourite appointment. He became for the second time Serbian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of St. James s and kept this position until 1900. During this mandate he represented Serbia at the Hague Peace Conference in May-July 1899 where he advocated very progressive views, but both King Alexander and the Serbian Government did not share his enthusiasm for the instruments of international law and international arbitration. In 1900 he was put in the most important diplomatic place for Serbia. He became Serbian Minister in Constantinople but was recalled since he did not agree with the marriage of the Serbian King Alexander with a lady who was a commoner and a widow. He became Serbian senator in 1901 and stayed in London trying to establish a Serbian Commercial Agency. At the end of 1902 he was appointed for the third time to be Serbian Minister in London. This rich diplomatic activity is treated in this chapter. The eighth chapter deals with the May Coup and its implication for Serbian-British diplomatic relations. In the early morning of 11 June 1903 4 He published another book on general history of which no sample is known to have sur¬ vived: Ancestors of the House of Orange, 1892, The title is known from biographical lexicons: S. ľ. Mijatovich, Chedomille , Who Was Who 1929-1940, A Companion to Who s Who con¬ taining the Biographies of those who Died during the Period 1929-1940 (London: Adam and Charles Black, 1980), vol. Ill, p. 939; S. v. Mijatovich, Tjedomil , Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Ainericatm, tomo XXXV, Madrid, 1958, p. 153. Count ChedomiUe Miyalovjch, a Victorian Among the Serbs __________ 461 a conspiracy of Serbian officers killed King Alexander Obrenovich and his unpopular wife Queen Draga. Having murdered them they threw their naked bodies out of window. The new government consisted of regicides and it appointed Peter Karageorgevich to be new ruler of Serbia. The very event and composition of the new Cabinet caused widespread condemnation throughout Europe but only Britain and the Netherlands decided to break off diplomatic relations with Serbia. Miyatovich was himself horrified and he was the only Serbian diplomat who resigned his post on June 22. This act was never forgiven to him by influential political circles in Belgrade. Miyatovich s name became known around the world thanks to a clairvoyant session that he attended together with a famous Victorian journalist William Thomas Stead. The result of the clairvoyant session that took place on the night of 20 March 1903, in Stead s opinion was that the bloody tragedy in the palace was seen clairvoyantly three months before it took place, and described in the hearing of at least a dozen credible witnesses .5 Almost all the British dailies, as well as the American and continental press, commented on the prophecy.6 Miyatovich was an opponent of the new order in Serbia but he undertook unofficial diplomatic efforts to help re-establishment of diplomatic relations. Britain demanded punishment or at least resignation of the leading regicides. Miyatovich intimately agreed that the conspirators should not only resign but be punished as well. This is why he joined the Society for the Legal Settlement of the Regicides Question, which advocated punishment of the regicides.7 However, being an experienced diplomat, he noticed that this was too much to expect from any Serbian Government. Therefore he reserved his disgust for his books, and directed his diplomatic efforts towards a pragmatic solution. At the end relations were renewed on the third anniversary of the regicide after the Serbian Government retired the leading regicides. After the May Coup Miyatovich stayed in London until the end of his life. The ninth chapter covers his activities in London until World War One. In 1908 his wife Elodie died. In the same year he published his most popular book in English that went through three British and three American editions entitled Servia and the Servians.* His reputation in Serbia after 1903 suffered greatly 5 W. T. Stead, A Clairvoyant Vision of the Assassination at Belgrade , The Review of Reviews, vol. 28 (1903), p. 31. 6 See The Westminster Gazette, 1 1 June, 1903, p. 7 b; The New York Times, 12 June, 1903, p. 2 c ( A Clairvoyanťs Prediction ). 7 See Miyatovich s letter in The Times, February 13,1906, p. 7 c; See a short article about the Society in The Times of June 4,1906, p. 4 b. 8 Chedo Mijatovich, Servia and the Servians (London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1908). The second British edition: Chedo Mijatovich, Servia of the Servians (Lon- 462 _______ Спобооан Ľ МарковиН: Гроф Чедомиљ Мијатовић due to rumours that he was implicated in a conspiracy to bring Prince Arthur of Connaught, beloved son of Queen Victoria, to the throne of Serbia. In 1911 he met King Peter Karageorgevich in Paris and from this moment he was fully- reconciled with the new regime in Serbia. Therefore it is not surprising that he was considered as an unofficial member of the Serbian delegation in London during the London Conference in December 1912. In February 1914 he became a Manager of the Balkan Agency, Limited and travelled for the last time to Belgrade to conclude a contract with the Serbian Government on supplies with railway cars and railway-carriages. He visited Belgrade in April and June in order to make this contract. During the second visit he was offered an unexpected post. Being known for his religious beliefs, and translation of religious books from English and being a widower, Miyatovich seemed to be an ideal candidate for the post of new Archbishop of Skoplje with prospects to become the first patriarch once the Serbian Archbishopric had reached that level. This offer was made to him by Prince-Heir Alexander. This proposal was supported by the leading politicians. Apparently this possibility threatened to create huge opposition among Serbian bishops. Miyatovich was also not certain what to do and in the end he declined this offer and instead accepted appointment as Manager of the Serbian Commercial Agency in London. The tenth chapter entitled Propagandist efforts during World War One cover his various contributions to propagate Serbia during the Great War. He wrote many letters and articles to British dailies but his most remarkable action in this field was his visit to the United States and Canada. He was accompanied by the most famous British suffragette Emmeline Pankliurst (1858-1928) who championed the causes of Britain s small allies (Belgium and Serbia) during the Great War. A visit to America with such a well-known person made lot of sensation and enabled to Miyatovich to have well attended lectures and to give interviews to the leading dailies. The visit took place between the end of January and the end of April 1916. During this tour Miyatovich visited New York City, Poughkeepsie, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Chicago, Providence, Hartford, Hamilton, Pittsburgh and Irvington, including leading American Universities: Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Chicago and Vassar College. In Canada he visited Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, North Bay and Winnipeg. In all these towns he delivered pro-Serbian lectures. don: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1911). The third British edition: Chedo Mijatovich, Servi« of the Servians (London, Bath, New York and Melbourne: Sir Isaac Pit¬ man & Sons, 1915). American editions: Chedo Mijatovich, Servia and the Servians (Boston: L.C. Page & company, 1908); Chedo Mijatovich, Servia of the Servians (New edit., New York: Charles Scribner s Sons, 1913); Chedo Mijatovich, Servia of the Servians (New ed., New York: Scribner, 1914). Count Chedomille Miyatovich, a Victorian Among lhe Serb „^ After his return to Britain he took part in a massive pro-Serbian propaganda action, the celebration of Kossovo Day in June-July 1916. This celebration was a climax of pro-Serbian propaganda in Britain during World War One. This was the fourth pro-Serban propaganda campaign in Britain. The first was initiated by the Serbian Prince Michael in 1863, the second took place during the Great Eastern Crisis (1875-1878) when men like William Gladstone, William Thomas Stead, Cannon Henry Perry Liddon and Arthur Evans demonstrated general pro-Christian sympathies and some of them more particular pro-Serbian sympathies. The third campaign was organised by the Miyatovichs in 1892/1893, and later was run alone by Chedomille Miyatovich in the period 1908-1916. Finally, the fourth campaign organised during the Great War witnessed nation-wide pro Serbian euphoria that reached its climax in 1916 during the celebration of Kossovo Day. His literary and eidtorial work are covered in chapter eleven. He was the most active and influential Serbian translator from English during the 19th century. The bibliography of his translations includes about a dozen titles. Most of them deal with religious topics, and in particular with sermons of well-known British preachers such as: Dr. Spurgeon, Canon Liddon and Dr. Macduff. He also translated Bunyarís Pilgrims Progress and Dr. Brown s Commentaries to the Gospels. Particularly influential in Serbia were the following two titles: Lady Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie and Adelina Paulina Irby, Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe (English edition in 1867, Serbian translation: Belgrade, 1868. This book was translated by the request of Prince Michael Obrenovich), and Η. Χ Buckle, The History of Civilisation in England (English edition in 1857, Serbian translation: Belgrade, 1871). He also published six books in English as author or co-author. Four of these deal with Serbia: 1. Chedomille Mijatovich, A Royal Tragedy. Being the Story of the Assassination of King Alexander and Queen Draga of Servia (London: Eveleigh Nash, 1906). 2. Chedo Mijatovich, Servia and the Servians (London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1908). 3. Sir Donald Mackenzie Wallace, Prince Kropotkin, C. Mijatovich, J. D. Bourchier, A Short History of Russia and the Balkan States (London: The Encyclopaedia Britannica Company, 1914). 4. Count Chedomille Mijatovich, The Memoirs of a Balkan Diplomatist (London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne: Cassei and Co., 1917). His book Servia and the Servians together with his entries on Serbia in the Tenth and Eleventh editions of The Encyclopaedia Britannica served a 464 СпобоЬан Г, Марковић: Гроф Чедомиљ Мијатовић very important purpose of offering a favourable view of Serbia to the Anglo- American public at the beginning of the twentieth century in a very turbulent and decisive period for Serbia. He was the first Serb to contribute to the Encyclopaedia Britannica and some of his entries were reproduced until 1973. Chapter twelve covers his last years. He remained active until the last weeks of his long life and was able to write novels, various newspaper articles and several versions of memoirs. In 1926 he married a British woman, Ada Prior, and recognised two of her sons. During the Great War he began openly to use his title of count that had Austro-Hungarian origin in spite of the fact that the Serbian constitution banned Serbian citizens from being ennobled. He came into serious financial difficulties several times in the 1920s, although the state granted him three small pensions. During his last years he was blind and dictated his writings to his friends. Although he and his various contributions were very much forgotten by the time of his death in 1932 the leading London and Belgrade newspapers published extensive obituaries.9 The last chapter entitled The Spiritual World of Chedoniille Miyatovich covers his interest in supernatural phenomena and his religiousness. He was very much obsessed by the prophecy by Matha of Kremna, a topic that still raises lot of attention in Serbia. He deeply believed that this prophecy, firstly noted down in 1868, predicted events until the middle of the twentieth century. Through his works not only the Serbian but British public as well was properly informed about this prophecy. AH available data on this prophecy and various alterations that he himself made are discussed in this part. His relation to spiritualism and his British friends who were dedicated to this phenomenon are also discussed. He was an exceptionally and unusually religious man for Serbian standards of his age. For Victorian standards he was just deeply religious. He lived in an era when institutional religion both in Serbia and Britain faced a great challenge from science. He dedicated his whole life to minimize influences of this challenge in Serbia and was partially responsible for the appearance of a revivalist Л ike movement in Serbia called Bogomotytsi. Assessment of his achievements His role of a moderniser in Serbia has had a lasting effect. He harmonised money measures used in Serbia with European standards, he was instrumental in the establishment of the National Bank of Serbia and in the introduction of 9 Count Miyatovitch. Thrice Serbian Minister m London , 77ie Times, May 16,1932, p. 12 ά. Cß Count Miyatovitch, Serb diplomat dies: wrote World s Shortest Peace Treaty in 1886 ending war between Serbia and Bulgaria , Vie New York Times, May 15,1932, p. N5. Count Chedomille Miyatovkh, a Victorian Among the Serbs ___________ _ the first railway. All these measures had long-term effects. At the beginning of the twenty-first century a traveller still arrives to Belgrade through the Main Railway Station that began to be built during his tenure of the Minister of Finance. In Serbia the currency is still called dinar after his proposal and the National Bank is still one of the most important institutions in Serbia. His long life in Britain made him a cultural bridge between two nations, His role in British-Serbian relations in unmatched in terms of his influence on mutual relations. This aspect is discussed in almost all the chapters of the book. Many British Balkan experts were aware of this and had a very high opinion of Miyatovich. James David Bourchier, a correspondent of The Times remarked that he is generally regarded by his fellow-countrymen as the most learned man in Servia. 10 William T. Stead, who met him during the Peace Conference in The Hague, was so delighted with him that he wrote: It was almost worth while creating the Kingdom Servia if only in order to qualify Chedomille Mijatovitch for a seat in the Parliament of the Nations. 11 Stead also had such a high opinion of Miyatovich as a diplomat that in 1903 he remarked: He is far and away the best known, the most distinguished, and the most respected diplomatist the Balkan Peninsula has yet produced. 12 The leading British daily The Times covered almost every step Miyatovich took during the eighties, especially through its Vienna correspondents. There are almost 300 contemporary articles of The Times mentioning Miyatovich. At no time before had any Serbian minister, or any Serb at all, enjoyed such sympathies from The Times as did Miyatovich in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. When he resigned his tenure of the President of the Serbian Royal Academy The Times commented: Of all the statesmen in Servia, M. Mijatovitch is probably the one who holds the highest character in foreign countries. He has filled the principal offices in Servia, not only those which are the rewards of party services, by those which are conferred by public consent, if not by public acclamation, on men whose abilities are not judged by mere party conflicts. 13 His whole working life was strongly influenced by the culture of Victorian Britain. In introducing Gothic novels into Serbian literature he was influenced by Sir Walter Scot. The inspiration for his religious pieces originated from Charles Haddon Spurgeon and Cannon Liddon. Even his policy was 10 J. D. Bourchier, The Great Servian Festival, T e Fortnightly Review, vol. 46 (1889), p. 219; cf. Lady Grogan, The Life ofj. D. Bourchier (London: Hurst and Blackett Ltd., 1926), p. 89. 11 W. T. Stead, Members of the Parliament of Peace, The Review of Reviews, vol. 19 (1899), p. 533. 12 W. T. Stead, A Clairvoyant Vision of the Assassinations at Belgrade, The Review of Re¬ views, vol. 28 (July 1903), p. 31. 13 Vie Times, November 1 2,1889, p. 5 466________________________ СпобоЬан Г. Марковић: Гроф Чедомитъ Мијатовић inspired by British statesmen, especially by William Ewart Gladstone and Salisbury. In Britain he became familiar with spiritualism, a widespread habit during the Victorian era. Through the influence of William Thomas Stead and Sir Oliver Lodge he gradually became an ardent believer in spiritualism and supernatural phenomena. Another British influence came in the field of parliamentarianism. Miyatovich wished to copy British budgetary debates but the Serbian parliament consisting mostly of peasant MPs did not quite understand this effort. Finally he wanted to transmit a protestant vision of ethics of labour and capital as formulated in bestsellers of Samuel Smiles and in the works of some Presbyterians. It would be quite adequate to call Miyatovich a Serbian Waiter Scot amongst writers, A Serbian Liddon in Serbian religiously inspired literature, a Serbian Smiles in the philosophy of trade . In a word Chedommile Miyatovich can be properly termed as a lonely Victorian among the Serbs.
adam_txt	Садржај Предговор .11 Увод .13 I. ДЕТИЊСТВО И РАНА КАРИЈЕРА .17 Детињство и родитељи .17 Школовање .24 Професура и рана каријера . ЗО Први боравци у Лондону и мисија на Црноморској конференции 34 Железничко питање, .39 Први пут министар .44 И. ЕКОНОМСКА И ПОЛИТИЧНА СХВАТАЊА .52 Слобода и право својине .52 Критика комунистичких (социјалистичких) схватања. 54 Припадност либерализму . i ..60 III. ЛИЧНИ КРУГ .62 Филантроп Франсис Макензи, Мијатовић и назарени .62 Елодија Лотн Мијатовићка .66 Покушај верске обнове .■. 72 IV. ДЕСЕТЛЕЋЕ НАПРЕДЊАКА, 1880-1889.79 Долазак напредњака на власт .81 У Пироћанчевој влади као министар иностраних дела - Склапање Тајне конвенціє .88 Успостављање д'игоюматских односа са САД .98 У Пироћанчевој влади као министар финансија . v .99 Бонтуова афера и криза Напредне странке ..107 Посланик у Лондону или гувернер?. ■. -¿ . t . 115 Однос британског јавног мшења према Балкану и Србији . 125 S Слободан Г. Марковић: Гроф Чедомить Мијатовић Форин офис и британско јавно мњење поводом проглашења уједињења Бугарске .129 Атмосфера у Србији: ратна и антиратна странка .134 Преговарач на конференции у Букурешту .140 Изгледи премијерског места и нови портфель министра финансија .145 Економска политика Мијатовићева .149 По други пут министар иностраних дела .152 V. ПРЕЛОМНА ГОДИНА КОСОВСКЕ СВЕТКОВИНЕ .159 Абдикација кральа Милана .160 Светковина и „Народни одисај" . 169 VI. КЊИЖЕВНА СЛАВА И ИСТОРИОГРАФСКИ РАДОВИ .176 Случај Немања .180 Од књижевне славе до одбачености .181 Мијатовић као историчар .185 VII. ЛОНДОНСКЕ ГОДИНЕ, 1889-1903.194 Поново у Енглеској (1889-1893).194 Сарадња са Трговинским гласником .196 Историографски и књижевни радови .200 Последњи пут министар .204 Посланик у Букурешту .,.207 Поново посланик у Лондону .209 На мировној конференцией у Хагу .218 Кратак повратак на Балкан: Посланик у Цариграду .222 Т^ајан одлазак у Лондон .229 По трећи пут посланик у Лондону (1902-1903).234 Углед у Британији .237 VIII. МАЈСКИ ПРЕВРАТ И КРАЈ МИЈАТОВИЋЕВОГ ПОСЛАНСТВА .241 Реакција на Мајски преврат у Британией .243 Спиритистичко предсказание .225 Оставка Мијатовићева. 228 Садржај _ 9 Наступи γ јавности поводом преврата .252 Сукоб са митрополитом Инокентијем ._258 Краљ Едвард VII и обнављање одно,са .261 Незванични дипломатами напори .263 IX. ЛОНДОНСКЕ ГОДИНЕ ДО ПРВОГ СВЕТСКОГ PATA. 275 Учешће на Лондонској конференцией .283 Пред искушењем архиепископске части .286 X. ПРОПАГАНДНА НАСТОЈАЊА ЗА ВРЕМЕ ПРВОГ СВЕТСКОГ PATA. .297 Одлазак у САД и Канаду и сарадња са Емелин Панкхерст .299 Прослава Косовског дана .310 Напори на пропагирању Србије у Британији. 313 Четири просрпске кампање у Британией .315 Уједињење Европе, Балкана и Југословена. 323 XI. КЊИЖЕВНО-ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧКИ РАД МИЈАТОВИЋЕВ У ЛОНДОНУ .327 Публицистички рад у ужем смислу, или Чедомил» Мијатовић као новинар .327 Преводилачки рад .334 Научно-публицистички рад .338 Сарадња у Енциклопедији Британици .349 XII. ПОСЛЕДЊЕ ГОДИНЕ И СМРТ .354 Наслов грофа .357 Лэубавни живот и други брак .360 Горчина последњих дана .362 ХПІ. ДУХОВНИ СВЕТ ЧЕДОМИЉА МИЈАТОВИЋА .373 Креманско пророчанство .375 Спиритизам .382 (Пословна) етика .390 Однос према вери. .395 Викторијанац међу Србима .401 10_ СпобоЬан Г. Марковић: Гроф Чеоомиљ Mujamoeuh XIV. ЈЕДНА НЕОБИЧНА СУДБИНА .404 Mana места боравка Чедомиља Мијатовића .408 Хронологија живота Чедомиља Мијатовића .409 БИБЛИОГРАФИЈА РАДОВА ЧЕДОМИЉА МИЈАТОВИЋА .417 Монографије .417 Памфлети и брошуре .420 Некролози и беседе .421 РадовиобјављениуЕнглеској .422 Радови из црквене штампе .426 Преводи .430 ИЗВОРИ И ЛИТЕРАТУРА .431 Андреј Митровић: Чедомиљ Мијатовић и рађање грађанства у Србији .450 Count Chedomille Miyatovich, a Victorian Among the Serbs .454 ИНДЕКС .467 COUNT CHEDOMILLE MIYATOVICH, A VICTORIAN AMONG THE SERBS by Slobodan G. Markovich When Chedomille Miyatovich1 died in London in 1932 he was very much forgotten in Serbia. As an adherent of the fallen dynasty of Obrenovich, his great role in Serbian history, literature, historiography, diplomacy and in the building of modern institutions in Serbia easily went into oblivion. Miyatovich was a European trained intellectual, a person of high esteem and important accomplishments. He was born in 1842 in Belgrade, at that time the capital of the Principality of Serbia. The town of Belgrade had a Turkish garrison in its citadel and an Oriental background that was daily challenged by steady Europeanisation. His family was a typical middle class Serbian family. His father Milan (1805-1852) was a lawyer who came to Serbia from Southern Hungary and became a teacher of Latin, history and geography in Belgrade First Gymnasium (Grammar School). His stepfather, Vasílíye Berar (f 1871), was an inspector and director of the state printing house. Still, he was primarily influenced by his beautiful and mystical mother, Rakila Kristina (1826-1901), who was of mixed Serbian-Spanish origin. He studied a combination of economic courses and sciences in Munich, Zurich and Leipzig between 1863 and 1865 and completed his education by gaining experience from the National Bank of Austria and Kredit Anstalt. At the age of 23 he became a professor at the High School based in Belgrade, the highest educational institution in Serbia of that age. He taught political economy and wrote three very influential textbooks, two of which were based of Lorenz Stein. In these works he showed his affinity for liberal economy and influenced many later Serbian economists to take similar positions. As a professor he started campaigning in favour of building a railway through Serbia. He gained many supporters among merchants and educated men for this idea, but many opposed him in Serbia during this campaign. His first important diplomatic mission took place in London at the beginning of 1871. He was an unofficial representative of Serbia at the Black Sea Conference that, amongst other things, discussed Austro-Hungarian efforts to 1 His family name is a/so spelled Miyatovitch, Mijatovi/t/ch, Mijatovics and Mijatović. Coutil Chedomillc Miyutciniuu Victorian Among ¡lu· establish police control over the Danube and to suspend the authority of the Commission that gathered all Danubian countries including Serbia. These proposals were not accepted by the Conference in the end, and Miyatovich was credited for succeeding to organise resistance to Austra-Hungarian proposals. These events are covered in the first chapter of this book on "Childhood and Early Career". The second chapter analyses his economic and political views. He considered private property as a sacred matter. Being an advocate of the free market and economic liberalisation, he was the first Serbian theoretician to enter into polemics with early Serbian socialist utopians. In this debate he attacked communist ideas and explained that an underdeveloped country like Serbia can only progress with an adequate tax system and modernisation and that an egalitarian society can survive only in the most primitive and underdeveloped economies. He was probably the most liberal Serbian economist in the Nineteenth Century. During his studies in Germany he met his future British wife Elodie Lawton (1825-1908), previously a dedicated abolitionist in Boston, who influenced him significantly, and turned him into a devoted Anglophile. She was a member of the Wesleyan Church and was able to imbue her husband with nonconformist religious devotion. Miyatovich always remained faithful to the Serbian Orthodox Church but wanted to bring some religious zeal into it, That was not a very popular task in Serbia of his time. He found a collaborator in this endeavour in the person of a Belgrade priest Aleksa Ilich who established a reiigious monthly Hrtshchanski Vesník (Christian Messanger), the first journal dedicated to religious revival in Serbia. A Scottish philanthropist Francis Mackenzie who settled in Belgrade helped this project materially and Miyatovich remained one of the main contributors of the journal. These events are covered in the third chapter, "Personal circle". The fourth chapter entitled "A Decade of the Progressists" deals with the most important period in his political development. Miyatovich's career was meteoric. At the age of thirty-one he was aìreaày Minister of Finance at the end of 1873. He started his career as a protegé of the leader of the subsequent Liberal Party, Yovan Ristich, but soon joined the club of so called young conservatives who turned into a kind of the personal party of the Serbian ruler, Prince Milan Obrenovich (Prince from 1868, and King from 1882 till 1889). In the Government of Yovan Marinovich, from November 1873 till December 1874 he was Minister of Finance for the second time and in that capacity he was instrumental in bringing important reforms. He introduced the metric system to Serbia. Serbia joined the Latin Monetary Union and he baptised the new domestic currency, the dinar, after mediaeval Serbian silver coins. He 456 Слободан Г. Марковић: Гроф Чедомиљ Мијатовић always considered his most important achievement in this government the law stipulating the amount of property that had to be left to peasants, and could not be confiscated to cover their debts. This minimal amount included peasant's house, a yoke of oxen, the plough, and five acres of land. He was elected for the third time as Minister of Finance in the Government of Danilo Stefanovich in 1875. The group of young conservatives which he joined established the newspaper Videlo and soon came to power in October 1880. In the Government of Milan Pirotyanats, Miyatovich got two tenures. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Finance. Being a close friend of the ruler and in control of the two key ministries he was considered by many diplomats as the most influential person of this Cabinet. Prince Milan used him for the most significant missions. The two decisions that shaped Serbia's history for many years were carried out by Miyatovich. The first one had to deal with foreign policy. When Austria-Hungary and Russia divided spheres of influence in the Balkans, Serbia was delineated within Aus tro -Hungarian zone. Russian diplomats openly admitted as much to the Serbian Prime Minister Ristich during the Congress of Berlin. A devoted Russophile like Ristich was not in a position to reconcile Serbia with this new geo-political reality. When modern political parties were created in Serbia, in 1881, the Progressive Party turned out to be the only of the three parties (the other two being the mostly pro-Russian Liberal Party and very pro-Russian Radicai Party) that was ready to make an agreement with Austria-Hungary. The ruler decided to open a new page in Serbian foreign policy and arranged that a secret convention should be signed with the Habsburg Monarchy. Miyatovich was gradually entrusted by the ruler to complete this task and on 28 June 1881 he signed the Secret Convention by which Serbia got the diplomatic and political backing of the Habsburg Empire but abandoned her independence in the field of Foreign Policy. When the two other most prominent members of the Cabinet, Prime Minister Pirotyanats and Home Minister Garashanin learned about the exact contents of the Convention they decided to resign but had to accept the new reality in the end. In return Miyatovich had to resign his post as Minister of Foreign Affairs and kept only his tenure at the Ministry of Finance. During talks that preceded the signing of the Convention Miyatovich was well received in Vienna by the Emperor Francis Joseph and other dignitaries of the Empire. The Emperor decorated him with the first class of the Order of the Iron Crown, which entitled its bearer to be Austro -Hungarian count. His last act as Minister of Foreign Affairs was to sign a Consular Convention and a Commercial Agreement with the United States of America on 14 October Count Chedomilie Miyatovich, a Victorian Among the Serb _457 1881. By this event diplomatic relations between the two countries officially began. As the Minister of Finance Miyatovich had to secure Serbia's commitments from the Berlin Treaty by which she undertook to build the part of the Vienna-Constantinople railway line that went through Serbia. Since Serbia could not finance the project herself a proper foreign creditor had to be found and a Parisian financial society called Union Général was selected in 1881. Unfortunately it faced bankruptcy as soon as the beginning of 1882 which brought the already shaky state of Serbian finances very close to complete disaster. Learning of the bankruptcy Miyatovich urgently travelled to Paris and there supported by Austro -Hungarian diplomacy found a way out. Another financial house Comptoir National D'Escompte took on the projects without detriment to Serbia. In spite of this success the reputation of Miyatovich's party suffered a serious blow and never recovered. It turned out that the agents of the Union Général in Belgrade had tried to bribe many MPs and politicians and the reputation of the Progressivists suffered the most from this. He took personal part in preparing a law on the establishment of the National Bank of Serbia that was passed by the Serbian Parliament in January 1883. He advocated establishment of such institution long before and had an opportunity to establish it during his tenure. The Government of the Progressivists resigned in October 1883. Being an Anglophile Miyatovich wished to be appointed as the first Serbian Minister in London, but had to wait until October 1884 when he became the second Serbian Minister at the Court of St. James's. London society was familiar to him from his previous diplomatic mission and trips to England with his wife. During this tenure he came into contact with many influential persons but his diplomatic post in London soon ended since he was appointed to be the sole Serbian negotiator in Bucharest where peace negotiations were scheduled following the Serbian-Bulgarian War. Serbia attacked Bulgaria on November 14, 1885 and within two weeks suffered a humiliating defeat. It was thanks to the Secret Convention signed with Austria-Hungary that Serbia was able to get out of the war without suffering more serious consequences. In Bucharest Miyatovich and the Bulgarian representative Ivan Gueshov concluded, on 3 March 1886, one of the shortest treaties in diplomatic history with one article only: "Article seul et unique. - Letat de paix qui a cessé d'exister entre le Royaume de Serbie et le Principauté du Bulgarie le 2-14 Novembre, 1885, est rétabli à partir de l'échange de ratification du present traité qui aura lieu à Bucharest." Miyatovich proved to be a peacemaker since he had ignored instructions from Belgrade that were prepared in such a way that he was supposed to find an excuse for new war. Apparently Miyatovich was more worried about what 458 Слободан Г. Марковић: Гроф Чедомиљ Мијатовић sort of reputation he would have in England if negotiations failed than about criticism from Belgrade for his conciliatory approach. After concluding the peace treaty without any detriments for Serbia he nearly became a prime minister but in the end became Finance Minister again. During his two tenures as Minister of Finance (October 1880 - October 1883 and April 1886 - June 1887) he was able to double state revenues. This undoubtedly was a success. The problem was that expenditures in the period 1880-1887 grew some 128% which brought about persistent problems with budgetary deficits. The effects of independence and fulfilment of accepted preconditions were hard on state finances and no one thought about that in Serbia at the time of the Congress of Berlin. Serbian statesmen did not seem to be aware of how much independence would cost. When the Government of Garashanin resigned in June 1887 the first wave of persecution of the progressivists came about. This was temporarily stopped when a new government was formed by a non-partisan politician loyal to the long, Nikola Hirstich. In that Government Miyatovich was Minister of Foreign Affairs (April 1888 - March 1889). In that position he signed, in February 1889, a new Secret Convention with validity until 1 January 1895 although his role was not very prominent during the negotiations. All these important events are discussed in the fourth chapter. The next chapter deals with the turning year in his career - 1889. This was the year of the 500"' anniversary of the Kosovo Battle. As Minister of Foreign Affairs and President of the Serbian Royal Academy Miyatovich was involved in preparations for this event and he made lot of efforts to recover the relics then in Southern Hungary of the Serbian mediaeval Prince Lazar who was lolled in the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. At the beginning of 1889, due to a personal misunderstanding, he resigned his membership in the Progressive party and some time later came into conflict with its chief, until then his main political ally, Milutin Garashanin. The decision of King Milan to abdicate on 6 March 1889 effectively ended his special position at the Court. Since he was known to be a devoted friend of King Milan through his abdication and the coming to power of his previous opponents Miyatovich's political career was endangered. When the Radical Party came to power in March 1889 they soon undertook retaliation against their political opponents and on 26 May 1889 when Progressivists held their party meeting in Belgrade they were severely beaten by a mob inspired by the Radical Party. Miyatovich's plans to bring the relics of the saint-prince to Serbia lost any chances to be realised when radicals came to power, since Austria-Hungary was dissatisfied with this course of events and prevented the transfer. Miyatovich was fully disappointed. His favourite ruler had abdicated, he was in conflict with his key political ally, and Count ChedomìlleMiyatovich, a Victorian Among the Serbs 4.59 his project for the transfer of relics had failed. Faced with all these failures he decided to leave Serbia and withdrew to Britain in September 1889. The Sixth chapter covers his literary and historical works. His main achievement in the field of literature was the introduction to Serbian literature of Gothic stories and novels. He began writing stories in the 1 860s and became popular immediately. His historical work on the Serbian mediaeval ruler Dyurady Brankovich made him both a famous writer and historian. în 1885 he published one novel entitled Boyana in the same collection with Oscar Wílde.2 He returned to Gothic novels during his self-exile in Britain when he wrote two very popular novels Ikoniya. Vezirova mayka (Ikoniya. A mother of Vizier) in 1891 and Rayko od Rasine (Rayko of Rasina) in 1892. After writing these two novels he became perhaps the most popular Serbian writer of his age. When he celebrated his 50"' birthday in London all major literary journals particularly among Serbs in Hungary celebrated him as the leading Serbian writer. He was also considered to be the best stylist among Serbian writers. However, a younger generation of literary critics repudiated his works at the beginning of the twentieth century and considered that his style was full of romanticism and completely obsolete. In spite of this re-evaluation he remained very popular among public. He introduced Gothic novels with an aim to make Serbian literary imagination more Western European and to present Serbian heritage as being much more in correspondence with Western tradition than it really was. In his last novel Kmlyichina Andyeliya (Angelia. Queen's Lady) he fabricates a story of Serbian crusaders who go to Palestine with an exact aim to place Serbian history within the Western European tradition. His literary opponents who claimed to be advocates of Western European positivism misunderstood his intentions. In the field of historiography he found himself in the middle of two opposing camps. One consisted of historians who introduced the so called critical school based on positivism and the other camp was comprised of historians who viewed past in a romantic fashion. Miyatovich oscillated between these two groups but eventually joined the critical camp. Yet, many later historians have critically placed him within the romanticist camp. He introduced an idealist view of history to Serbian historiography but this achievement has never been recognised. In Britain he became well known when he published a book on the last Byzantine Emperor.3 Owing to this book Baroness Margaret Susan Mitford Tyssen-Amherst (ed.), In a Good Cause (London: W. Gardner, Darton, Őf Co., 1885). Chedomille Mijatovich, Constantine the last Emperor of the Greeks; or the Conquest of Con¬ stantinople by the Turks (A. D. 1453), After the latest Historical Researches (London: Samp¬ son Low, Marston and Co., 1892). The book was later translated into Russian and Spanish. 460 _ СпобоЬан Г. Марковић: Гроф Чедомиљ Мијатовић he was elected to be an honorary member of the Royal Historical Society,4 being the first Serb to attain such a distinction. Some time earlier he had become the second President of the Serbian Royal Academy, in 1888-89. The seventh chapter entitled "London years, 1889-1903" covers his activities in Britain in this period. He was in a land of self-exile between September 1889 and the beginning of 1894. Thanks to his books he remained popular to the Serbian public. Since he had financial problems he became a correspondent for the Belgrade newspaper Trgovinski glasnik {Commercial Herald). Thus he became the first Serbian newspaper correspondent from London. His articles were of very high quality and offered the Serbian public clear analysis and insights into the London stock exchanges and British economy. During this period he published small book entitled О uslovima uspeha (On Preconditions for Success). This book was very much influenced by the series of books by British social reformer Samuel Smiles (1812-1904), especially by his bestseller Self-help (1859). In 1894 he returned from his self-exile to become Minister of Finance for the last time, but his tenure ended with the resignation of the whole Government after only two months in April 1894. He spent the rest ofthat year as a Serbian Minister in Bucharest but was recalled at the end of 1894. In April 1895 he got his favourite appointment. He became for the second time Serbian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of St. James's and kept this position until 1900. During this mandate he represented Serbia at the Hague Peace Conference in May-July 1899 where he advocated very progressive views, but both King Alexander and the Serbian Government did not share his enthusiasm for the instruments of international law and international arbitration. In 1900 he was put in the most important diplomatic place for Serbia. He became Serbian Minister in Constantinople but was recalled since he did not agree with the marriage of the Serbian King Alexander with a lady who was a commoner and a widow. He became Serbian senator in 1901 and stayed in London trying to establish a Serbian Commercial Agency. At the end of 1902 he was appointed for the third time to be Serbian Minister in London. This rich diplomatic activity is treated in this chapter. The eighth chapter deals with the May Coup and its implication for Serbian-British diplomatic relations. In the early morning of 11 June 1903 4 He published another book on general history of which no sample is known to have sur¬ vived: Ancestors of the House of Orange, 1892, The title is known from biographical lexicons: S. ľ. "Mijatovich, Chedomille", Who Was Who 1929-1940, A Companion to Who's Who con¬ taining the Biographies of those who Died during the Period 1929-1940 (London: Adam and Charles Black, 1980), vol. Ill, p. 939; S. v. "Mijatovich, Tjedomil", Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Ainericatm, tomo XXXV, Madrid, 1958, p. 153. Count ChedomiUe Miyalovjch, a Victorian Among the Serbs _ 461 a conspiracy of Serbian officers killed King Alexander Obrenovich and his unpopular wife Queen Draga. Having murdered them they threw their naked bodies out of window. The new government consisted of regicides and it appointed Peter Karageorgevich to be new ruler of Serbia. The very event and composition of the new Cabinet caused widespread condemnation throughout Europe but only Britain and the Netherlands decided to break off diplomatic relations with Serbia. Miyatovich was himself horrified and he was the only Serbian diplomat who resigned his post on June 22. This act was never forgiven to him by influential political circles in Belgrade. Miyatovich's name became known around the world thanks to a clairvoyant session that he attended together with a famous Victorian journalist William Thomas Stead. The result of the clairvoyant session that took place on the night of 20 March 1903, in Stead's opinion was that 'the bloody tragedy in the palace was seen clairvoyantly three months before it took place, and described in the hearing of at least a dozen credible witnesses'.5 Almost all the British dailies, as well as the American and continental press, commented on the prophecy.6 Miyatovich was an opponent of the new order in Serbia but he undertook unofficial diplomatic efforts to help re-establishment of diplomatic relations. Britain demanded punishment or at least resignation of the leading regicides. Miyatovich intimately agreed that the conspirators should not only resign but be punished as well. This is why he joined the Society for the Legal Settlement of the Regicides Question, which advocated punishment of the regicides.7 However, being an experienced diplomat, he noticed that this was too much to expect from any Serbian Government. Therefore he reserved his disgust for his books, and directed his diplomatic efforts towards a pragmatic solution. At the end relations were renewed on the third anniversary of the regicide after the Serbian Government retired the leading regicides. After the May Coup Miyatovich stayed in London until the end of his life. The ninth chapter covers his activities in London until World War One. In 1908 his wife Elodie died. In the same year he published his most popular book in English that went through three British and three American editions entitled Servia and the Servians.* His reputation in Serbia after 1903 suffered greatly 5 W. T. Stead, 'A Clairvoyant Vision of the Assassination at Belgrade', The Review of Reviews, vol. 28 (1903), p. 31. 6 See The Westminster Gazette, 1 1 June, 1903, p. 7 b; The New York Times, 12 June, 1903, p. 2 c ('A Clairvoyanťs Prediction'). 7 See Miyatovich's letter in The Times, February 13,1906, p. 7 c; See a short article about the Society in The Times of June 4,1906, p. 4 b. 8 Chedo Mijatovich, Servia and the Servians (London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1908). The second British edition: Chedo Mijatovich, Servia of the Servians (Lon- 462 _ Спобооан Ľ МарковиН: Гроф Чедомиљ Мијатовић due to rumours that he was implicated in a conspiracy to bring Prince Arthur of Connaught, beloved son of Queen Victoria, to the throne of Serbia. In 1911 he met King Peter Karageorgevich in Paris and from this moment he was fully- reconciled with the new regime in Serbia. Therefore it is not surprising that he was considered as an unofficial member of the Serbian delegation in London during the London Conference in December 1912. In February 1914 he became a Manager of the Balkan Agency, Limited and travelled for the last time to Belgrade to conclude a contract with the Serbian Government on supplies with railway cars and railway-carriages. He visited Belgrade in April and June in order to make this contract. During the second visit he was offered an unexpected post. Being known for his religious beliefs, and translation of religious books from English and being a widower, Miyatovich seemed to be an ideal candidate for the post of new Archbishop of Skoplje with prospects to become the first patriarch once the Serbian Archbishopric had reached that level. This offer was made to him by Prince-Heir Alexander. This proposal was supported by the leading politicians. Apparently this possibility threatened to create huge opposition among Serbian bishops. Miyatovich was also not certain what to do and in the end he declined this offer and instead accepted appointment as Manager of the Serbian Commercial Agency in London. The tenth chapter entitled "Propagandist efforts during World War One" cover his various contributions to propagate Serbia during the Great War. He wrote many letters and articles to British dailies but his most remarkable action in this field was his visit to the United States and Canada. He was accompanied by the most famous British suffragette Emmeline Pankliurst (1858-1928) who championed the causes of Britain's small allies (Belgium and Serbia) during the Great War. A visit to America with such a well-known person made lot of sensation and enabled to Miyatovich to have well attended lectures and to give interviews to the leading dailies. The visit took place between the end of January and the end of April 1916. During this tour Miyatovich visited New York City, Poughkeepsie, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Chicago, Providence, Hartford, Hamilton, Pittsburgh and Irvington, including leading American Universities: Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Chicago and Vassar College. In Canada he visited Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, North Bay and Winnipeg. In all these towns he delivered pro-Serbian lectures. don: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1911). The third British edition: Chedo Mijatovich, Servi« of the Servians (London, Bath, New York and Melbourne: Sir Isaac Pit¬ man & Sons, 1915). American editions: Chedo Mijatovich, Servia and the Servians (Boston: L.C. Page & company, 1908); Chedo Mijatovich, Servia of the Servians (New edit., New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1913); Chedo Mijatovich, Servia of the Servians (New ed., New York: Scribner, 1914). Count Chedomille Miyatovich, a Victorian Among lhe Serb „^ After his return to Britain he took part in a massive pro-Serbian propaganda action, the celebration of Kossovo Day in June-July 1916. This celebration was a climax of pro-Serbian propaganda in Britain during World War One. This was the fourth pro-Serban propaganda campaign in Britain. The first was initiated by the Serbian Prince Michael in 1863, the second took place during the Great Eastern Crisis (1875-1878) when men like William Gladstone, William Thomas Stead, Cannon Henry Perry Liddon and Arthur Evans demonstrated general pro-Christian sympathies and some of them more particular pro-Serbian sympathies. The third campaign was organised by the Miyatovichs in 1892/1893, and later was run alone by Chedomille Miyatovich in the period 1908-1916. Finally, the fourth campaign organised during the Great War witnessed nation-wide pro Serbian euphoria that reached its climax in 1916 during the celebration of Kossovo Day. His literary and eidtorial work are covered in chapter eleven. He was the most active and influential Serbian translator from English during the 19th century. The bibliography of his translations includes about a dozen titles. Most of them deal with religious topics, and in particular with sermons of well-known British preachers such as: Dr. Spurgeon, Canon Liddon and Dr. Macduff. He also translated Bunyarís Pilgrims Progress and Dr. Brown's Commentaries to the Gospels. Particularly influential in Serbia were the following two titles: Lady Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie and Adelina Paulina Irby, Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe (English edition in 1867, Serbian translation: Belgrade, 1868. This book was translated by the request of Prince Michael Obrenovich), and Η. Χ Buckle, The History of Civilisation in England (English edition in 1857, Serbian translation: Belgrade, 1871). He also published six books in English as author or co-author. Four of these deal with Serbia: 1. Chedomille Mijatovich, A Royal Tragedy. Being the Story of 'the Assassination of King Alexander and Queen Draga of Servia (London: Eveleigh Nash, 1906). 2. Chedo Mijatovich, Servia and the Servians (London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1908). 3. Sir Donald Mackenzie Wallace, Prince Kropotkin, C. Mijatovich, J. D. Bourchier, A Short History of Russia and the Balkan States (London: The Encyclopaedia Britannica Company, 1914). 4. Count Chedomille Mijatovich, The Memoirs of a Balkan Diplomatist (London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne: Cassei and Co., 1917). His book Servia and the Servians together with his entries on Serbia in the Tenth and Eleventh editions of The Encyclopaedia Britannica served a 464 СпобоЬан Г, Марковић: Гроф Чедомиљ Мијатовић very important purpose of offering a favourable view of Serbia to the Anglo- American public at the beginning of the twentieth century in a very turbulent and decisive period for Serbia. He was the first Serb to contribute to the Encyclopaedia Britannica and some of his entries were reproduced until 1973. Chapter twelve covers his last years. He remained active until the last weeks of his long life and was able to write novels, various newspaper articles and several versions of memoirs. In 1926 he married a British woman, Ada Prior, and recognised two of her sons. During the Great War he began openly to use his title of count that had Austro-Hungarian origin in spite of the fact that the Serbian constitution banned Serbian citizens from being ennobled. He came into serious financial difficulties several times in the 1920s, although the state granted him three small pensions. During his last years he was blind and dictated his writings to his friends. Although he and his various contributions were very much forgotten by the time of his death in 1932 the leading London and Belgrade newspapers published extensive obituaries.9 The last chapter entitled "The Spiritual World of Chedoniille Miyatovich" covers his interest in supernatural phenomena and his religiousness. He was very much obsessed by the prophecy by Matha of Kremna, a topic that still raises lot of attention in Serbia. He deeply believed that this prophecy, firstly noted down in 1868, predicted events until the middle of the twentieth century. Through his works not only the Serbian but British public as well was properly informed about this prophecy. AH available data on this prophecy and various alterations that he himself made are discussed in this part. His relation to spiritualism and his British friends who were dedicated to this phenomenon are also discussed. He was an exceptionally and unusually religious man for Serbian standards of his age. For Victorian standards he was just deeply religious. He lived in an era when institutional religion both in Serbia and Britain faced a great challenge from science. He dedicated his whole life to minimize influences of this challenge in Serbia and was partially responsible for the appearance of a revivalist Л ike movement in Serbia called Bogomotytsi. Assessment of his achievements His role of a moderniser in Serbia has had a lasting effect. He harmonised money measures used in Serbia with European standards, he was instrumental in the establishment of the National Bank of Serbia and in the introduction of 9 "Count Miyatovitch. Thrice Serbian Minister m London", 77ie Times, May 16,1932, p. 12 ά. Cß "Count Miyatovitch, Serb diplomat dies: wrote "World's Shortest Peace Treaty" in 1886 ending war between Serbia and Bulgaria", Vie New York Times, May 15,1932, p. N5. Count Chedomille Miyatovkh, a Victorian Among the Serbs _ _ the first railway. All these measures had long-term effects. At the beginning of the twenty-first century a traveller still arrives to Belgrade through the Main Railway Station that began to be built during his tenure of the Minister of Finance. In Serbia the currency is still called dinar after his proposal and the National Bank is still one of the most important institutions in Serbia. His long life in Britain made him a cultural bridge between two nations, His role in British-Serbian relations in unmatched in terms of his influence on mutual relations. This aspect is discussed in almost all the chapters of the book. Many British Balkan experts were aware of this and had a very high opinion of Miyatovich. James David Bourchier, a correspondent of The Times remarked that "he is generally regarded by his fellow-countrymen as the most learned man in Servia."10 William T. Stead, who met him during the Peace Conference in The Hague, was so delighted with him that he wrote: "It was almost worth while creating the Kingdom Servia if only in order to qualify Chedomille Mijatovitch for a seat in the Parliament of the Nations."11 Stead also had such a high opinion of Miyatovich as a diplomat that in 1903 he remarked: "He is far and away the best known, the most distinguished, and the most respected diplomatist the Balkan Peninsula has yet produced."12 The leading British daily The Times covered almost every step Miyatovich took during the eighties, especially through its Vienna correspondents. There are almost 300 contemporary articles of The Times mentioning Miyatovich. At no time before had any Serbian minister, or any Serb at all, enjoyed such sympathies from The Times as did Miyatovich in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. When he resigned his tenure of the President of the Serbian Royal Academy The Times commented: "Of all the statesmen in Servia, M. Mijatovitch is probably the one who holds the highest character in foreign countries. He has filled the principal offices in Servia, not only those which are the rewards of party services, by those which are conferred by public consent, if not by public acclamation, on men whose abilities are not judged by mere party conflicts."13 His whole working life was strongly influenced by the culture of Victorian Britain. In introducing Gothic novels into Serbian literature he was influenced by Sir Walter Scot. The inspiration for his religious pieces originated from Charles Haddon Spurgeon and Cannon Liddon. Even his policy was 10 J. D. Bourchier, "The Great Servian Festival," T\\e Fortnightly Review, vol. 46 (1889), p. 219; cf. Lady Grogan, The Life ofj. D. Bourchier (London: Hurst and Blackett Ltd., 1926), p. 89. 11 W. T. Stead, "Members of the Parliament of Peace," The Review of Reviews, vol. 19 (1899), p. 533. 12 W. T. Stead, "A Clairvoyant Vision of the Assassinations at Belgrade," The Review of Re¬ views, vol. 28 (July 1903), p. 31. 13 Vie Times, November 1 2,1889, p. 5 466_ СпобоЬан Г. Марковић: Гроф Чедомитъ Мијатовић inspired by British statesmen, especially by William Ewart Gladstone and Salisbury. In Britain he became familiar with spiritualism, a widespread habit during the Victorian era. Through the influence of William Thomas Stead and Sir Oliver Lodge he gradually became an ardent believer in spiritualism and supernatural phenomena. Another British influence came in the field of parliamentarianism. Miyatovich wished to copy British budgetary debates but the Serbian parliament consisting mostly of peasant MPs did not quite understand this effort. Finally he wanted to transmit a protestant vision of ethics of labour and capital as formulated in bestsellers of Samuel Smiles and in the works of some Presbyterians. It would be quite adequate to call Miyatovich a Serbian Waiter Scot amongst writers, A Serbian Liddon in Serbian religiously inspired literature, a Serbian Smiles in the "philosophy of trade". In a word Chedommile Miyatovich can be properly termed as a lonely Victorian among the Serbs.
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genre	(DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content
genre_facet	Biografie
id	DE-604.BV022654323
illustrated	Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-02T18:22:37Z
indexdate	2024-07-09T21:02:40Z
institution	BVB
isbn	8677380515
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015860278
oclc_num	221690555
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR
owner_facet	DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR
physical	482 S. Ill.
publishDate	2006
publishDateSearch	2006
publishDateSort	2006
publisher	Dosije [u.a.]
record_format	marc
series	Biblioteka Životopisi
series2	Biblioteka Životopisi
spelling	Marković, Slobodan G. 1972- Verfasser (DE-588)129667331 aut Grof Čedomilj Mijatović viktorijanac među Srbima Slobodan G. Marković 1. izd. Beograd Dosije [u.a.] 2006 482 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biblioteka Životopisi 1 In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Count Chedomille Miyatovich ... Mijatović, Čedomilj <1842-1932> Mijatović, Čedomilj 1842-1932 (DE-588)12882686X gnd rswk-swf Historians Serbia Biography Politicians Serbia Biography (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Mijatović, Čedomilj 1842-1932 (DE-588)12882686X p DE-604 Biblioteka Životopisi 1 (DE-604)BV022654287 1 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015860278&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015860278&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract
spellingShingle	Marković, Slobodan G. 1972- Grof Čedomilj Mijatović viktorijanac među Srbima Biblioteka Životopisi Mijatović, Čedomilj <1842-1932> Mijatović, Čedomilj 1842-1932 (DE-588)12882686X gnd Historians Serbia Biography Politicians Serbia Biography
subject_GND	(DE-588)12882686X (DE-588)4006804-3
title	Grof Čedomilj Mijatović viktorijanac među Srbima
title_auth	Grof Čedomilj Mijatović viktorijanac među Srbima
title_exact_search	Grof Čedomilj Mijatović viktorijanac među Srbima
title_exact_search_txtP	Grof Čedomilj Mijatović viktorijanac među Srbima
title_full	Grof Čedomilj Mijatović viktorijanac među Srbima Slobodan G. Marković
title_fullStr	Grof Čedomilj Mijatović viktorijanac među Srbima Slobodan G. Marković
title_full_unstemmed	Grof Čedomilj Mijatović viktorijanac među Srbima Slobodan G. Marković
title_short	Grof Čedomilj Mijatović
title_sort	grof cedomilj mijatovic viktorijanac medu srbima
title_sub	viktorijanac među Srbima
topic	Mijatović, Čedomilj <1842-1932> Mijatović, Čedomilj 1842-1932 (DE-588)12882686X gnd Historians Serbia Biography Politicians Serbia Biography
topic_facet	Mijatović, Čedomilj <1842-1932> Mijatović, Čedomilj 1842-1932 Historians Serbia Biography Politicians Serbia Biography Biografie
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015860278&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015860278&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV022654287
work_keys_str_mv	AT markovicslobodang grofcedomiljmijatovicviktorijanacmeđusrbima

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