Breeding programmes for small ruminants in the tropics with special reference to the breeding programme of the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK):
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin
Köster
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. Aufl. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Schriften zur internationalen Agrarentwicklung
50 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2006 |
| Beschreibung: | VIII, 149 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9783895746093 |
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| adam_text | Table of contents
Table of contents
Table of contents.......................................................................................................................i
List of tables.............................................................................................................................iii
List of figures............................................................................................................................v
List of appendices...................................................................................................................vi
List of abbreviations................................................................................................................vii
1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background..................................................................................................................1
1.2 Subject and objectives of the study..............................................................................3
2 Crossbreeding programmes and breeding organisations for dairy goats in the tropics....5
2.1 The importance of dairy goats in the tropics.................................................................5
2.2 Performance of crosses between local goats and dairy goats in the tropics................7
2.2.1 Growth performance.........................................................................................7
2.2.2 Reproduction performance...............................................................................8
2.2.3 Milk performance............................................................................................12
2.3 Components of breeding programmes for dairy goats in the tropics..........................16
2.3.1 Description of the production system..............................................................16
2.3.2 Definition of the breeding objective.................................................................18
2.3.3 Selection strategy...........................................................................................21
2.3.4 Recording scheme..........................................................................................24
2.3.5 Breeding strategy............................................................................................28
2.3.6 Breeding scheme............................................................................................32
2.4 Organisational and institutional aspects of breeding programmes under smallholder
conditions in the tropics..............................................................................................38
2.5 Crossbreeding programmes for dairy goats in the tropics..........................................40
2.5.1 The Goat and Sheep Project Salima (GSPS) in Malawi.................................40
2.5.2 The dairy goat project Projet Caprin Ngozi in Burundi.................................41
2.5.3 The Dairy Goat Devebpment Programme (DGDP) in Ethiopia......................43
3 Materials and methods...................................................................................................46
3.1 Objectives of the study...............................................................................................46
3.2 The production conditions in the study area...............................................................46
3.3 Data collection and data analysis...............................................................................46
3.3.1 Interviews........................................................................................................47
3.3.2 Documents......................................................................................................48
3.3.3 Observations...................................................................................................48
3.3.4 Cost-benefit-analysis......................................................................................51
3.3.4.1 Initial investment.........................................................................................52
3.3.4.2 Costs...........................................................................................................53
3.3.4.3 Benefits.......................................................................................................55
3.3.4.4 Profits..........................................................................................................56
Table of contents
4 Results and discussion...................................................................................................57
4.1 The DGAK as a smallholder breeding organisation....................................................57
4.1.1 The history of the DGAK.................................................................................57
4.1.2 Objectives of the DGAK..................................................................................57
4.1.3 The organisational and management structure of the DGAK.........................58
4.1.4 Sources of income for the DGAK....................................................................63
4.1.5 Discussion.......................................................................................................64
4.2 The breeding programme of the DGAK......................................................................67
4.2.1 The dairy goat production system in the study area.......................................67
4.2.2 Breeding objective..........................................................................................71
4.2.3 Selection strategy...........................................................................................73
4.2.4 Recording scheme..........................................................................................74
4.2.5 Breeding strategy............................................................................................77
4.2.6 Breeding scheme............................................................................................78
4.2.7 Discussion.......................................................................................................80
4.3 The performance of crossbred does...........................................................................87
4.3.1 Flock structure................................................................................................87
4.3.2 Age structure...................................................................................................88
4.3.3 Growth performance.......................................................................................89
4.3.4 Reproduction performance.............................................................................89
4.3.5 Milk performance............................................................................................91
4.3.6 Discussion.......................................................................................................95
4.4 Cost-benefit-analysis of the dairy goat enterprise....................................................102
4.4.1 Initial investment......................................................................................102
4.4.2 Costs................................................. ...............................103
4.4.3 Benefits.........................................................................................................106
4.4.4 Profit calculations..........................................................................................107
4.4.5 Discussion.....................................................................................................108
4.5 Proposed selection scheme for the DGAK...............................................................111
4.5.1 The establishment of the selection scheme..................................................111
4.5.2 Discussion.....................................................................................................116
5 Conclusions and recommendations.............................................................................121
6 Summary......................................................................................................................125
7 Zusammenfassung.......................................................................................................128
References...........................................................................................................................131
Appendix..............................................................................................................................142
List of tables
List of tables
Table 1. LW in kg of local goats, dairy breeds and their crosses in Africa.........................7
Table 2. Reproduction performance of local goats, dairy breeds and their crosses in
Africa..................................................................................................................10
Table 3. Milk performance of local goats, dairy breeds and their crosses in Africa..........14
Table 4. Predicted selection response to different breeding objectives in cattle..............20
Table 5. Strengths and weaknesses of FPR schemes in India........................................28
Table 6. Classification of dairying systems by the level of production environment.........31
Table 7. Percentages of the genotypes in the study flocks in Burundi.............................42
Table 8. Characteristics of the predominant AEZ in the study area.................................46
Table 9. Sources of information in the present study.......................................................47
Table 10. Genotype and respective Alpine gene level.......................................................49
Table 11. Performance parameters studied.......................................................................49
Table 12. Lactation months and lactation days..................................................................51
Table 13. Flock parameters, prices and fees considered for calculation of
economic values................................................................................................52
Table 14. Group buck management in 28 new groups in Western Kenya.........................65
Table 15. Average number of livestock species per household and percentage of farmers
keeping them.....................................................................................................68
Table 16. Percentage of farmers who feed concentrates and when..................................70
Table 17. Breeding objectives of GTZ-ISLP, DGAK and dairy goat farmers......................71
Table 18. Selection criteria for breeding does and bucks used by the DGAK....................73
Table 19. Genotypes, exotic gene levels and colours of record cards...............................74
Table 20. Number of goats registered with KSB.................................................................76
Table 21. Number of imported Alpine bucks, number of bucks culled/died and alive and
approximate age of imported bucks by August 2000.........................................77
Table 22. Flock structure....................................................................................................87
Table 23. Estimated age of breeding does in d and yrs.....................................................88
Table 24. Estimated LW of breeding does in kg.................................................................89
Table 25. Estimated AFK of breeding does in days and months........................................89
Table 26. Estimated Kl of the breeding does in days and months.....................................90
Table 27. Estimated LS in breeding does...........................................................................90
Table 28. Percentage of singles, twins, triplets and quadruplets per litter..........................91
Table 29. Estimated DMY of breeding does in 1.................................................................92
Table 30. Estimated DMY in I for OS and all crosses overall lactation periods.................93
Table 31. Development of flock structure between 2001 and 2003....................................96
List of tables
Table 32. Results for hoo, per household in KSh..............................................................102
Table 33. VC, FC and CTotaiper flock and year in KSh.....................................................103
Table 34. VC per flock and year in KSh............................................................................103
Table 35. Details of VCfMd kxs per flock and year in KSh.................................................104
Table 36. Details of VCV« per flock and year in KSh.........................................................104
Table 37. Results for FC per flock and year in KSh..........................................................105
Table 38. Details of FCc«,..............................................................................................105
Table 39. Financial contributions to the farmer group per group member and year
in KSh..............................................................................................................106
Table40. R, B and BToiai per flock and year in KSh..........................................................106
Table 41. PRn«*, PRa» and PRc«,, in KSh......................................................................108
Table 42. Reproduction parameter considered for the development of the selection
scheme............................................................................................................113
List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1. Breeding structures under extensive organisation conditions (Horst, 1994)......33
Figure 2. Development of number of farmer groups between 1994 and 2003..................59
Figure 3. Information flow and communication structures in the DGAK............................61
Figure 4. Farmer participation in DGAK organs.................................................................62
Figure 5. Frequency of breeding does per household.......................................................69
Figure 6. Farmers first priorities in dairy goat keeping......................................................72
Figure 7. Percentage of KSB registered breeding does in the flock..................................76
Figure 8. Breeding scheme of the DGAK (after Van der Werf, 2000)................................78
Figure 9. Flock structure of breeding does........................................................................88
Figure 10. Average DMY in OS and crosses...................................................................93
Figure 11. Frequencies of LL in completed lactations.....................................................94
Figure 12. Frequencies of suckling days in recorded lactations......................................95
Figure 13. Frequency of Rs** in KSh............................................................................107
Figure 14. N of replacement bucks in relation to N of farmer groups and N of useful
rotations........................................................................................................111
Figure 15. Selection intensities and proportion selected in relation to nucleus size......114
Figure 16. Proposed two-tier selection scheme for the selection of breeding bucks.....115
Figure 17. N of buck dams in relation to N of replacement bucks and Kl at a survival rate
of 60%...........................................................................................................119
Figure 18. N of buck dams in relation to N of replacement bucks and Kl at a survival rate
of 75%...........................................................................................................119
List of appendices
List of appendices
Appendix 1. Map of Nyeri District with AEZ and soils.......................................................142
Appendix 2. Selected farmer groups, number of cooperating farmers and divisori..........143
Appendix 3. Number of farmer groups in November 2003, districts and provinces..........143
Appendix 4. Buck service fee in KSh per service in the selected farmer groups..............144
Appendix 5. Price calculation for breeding dairy goats (male and female) - Example of a
goat with 30 kg LW.......................................................................................145
Appendix 6. Breeding plan for the dairy goat development programme...........................146
Appendix 7. Dairy goat record card..................................................................................147
Appendix 8. Buck service book.........................................................................................148
|
| adam_txt |
Table of contents
Table of contents
Table of contents.i
List of tables.iii
List of figures.v
List of appendices.vi
List of abbreviations.vii
1 Introduction.1
1.1 Background.1
1.2 Subject and objectives of the study.3
2 Crossbreeding programmes and breeding organisations for dairy goats in the tropics.5
2.1 The importance of dairy goats in the tropics.5
2.2 Performance of crosses between local goats and dairy goats in the tropics.7
2.2.1 Growth performance.7
2.2.2 Reproduction performance.8
2.2.3 Milk performance.12
2.3 Components of breeding programmes for dairy goats in the tropics.16
2.3.1 Description of the production system.16
2.3.2 Definition of the breeding objective.18
2.3.3 Selection strategy.21
2.3.4 Recording scheme.24
2.3.5 Breeding strategy.28
2.3.6 Breeding scheme.32
2.4 Organisational and institutional aspects of breeding programmes under smallholder
conditions in the tropics.38
2.5 Crossbreeding programmes for dairy goats in the tropics.40
2.5.1 The Goat and Sheep Project Salima (GSPS) in Malawi.40
2.5.2 The dairy goat project "Projet Caprin Ngozi" in Burundi.41
2.5.3 The Dairy Goat Devebpment Programme (DGDP) in Ethiopia.43
3 Materials and methods.46
3.1 Objectives of the study.46
3.2 The production conditions in the study area.46
3.3 Data collection and data analysis.46
3.3.1 Interviews.47
3.3.2 Documents.48
3.3.3 Observations.48
3.3.4 Cost-benefit-analysis.51
3.3.4.1 Initial investment.52
3.3.4.2 Costs.53
3.3.4.3 Benefits.55
3.3.4.4 Profits.56
Table of contents
4 Results and discussion.57
4.1 The DGAK as a smallholder breeding organisation.57
4.1.1 The history of the DGAK.57
4.1.2 Objectives of the DGAK.57
4.1.3 The organisational and management structure of the DGAK.58
4.1.4 Sources of income for the DGAK.63
4.1.5 Discussion.64
4.2 The breeding programme of the DGAK.67
4.2.1 The dairy goat production system in the study area.67
4.2.2 Breeding objective.71
4.2.3 Selection strategy.73
4.2.4 Recording scheme.74
4.2.5 Breeding strategy.77
4.2.6 Breeding scheme.78
4.2.7 Discussion.80
4.3 The performance of crossbred does.87
4.3.1 Flock structure.87
4.3.2 Age structure.88
4.3.3 Growth performance.89
4.3.4 Reproduction performance.89
4.3.5 Milk performance.91
4.3.6 Discussion.95
4.4 Cost-benefit-analysis of the dairy goat enterprise.102
4.4.1 Initial investment.102
4.4.2 Costs. .103
4.4.3 Benefits.106
4.4.4 Profit calculations.107
4.4.5 Discussion.108
4.5 Proposed selection scheme for the DGAK.111
4.5.1 The establishment of the selection scheme.111
4.5.2 Discussion.116
5 Conclusions and recommendations.121
6 Summary.125
7 Zusammenfassung.128
References.131
Appendix.142
List of tables
List of tables
Table 1. LW in kg of local goats, dairy breeds and their crosses in Africa.7
Table 2. Reproduction performance of local goats, dairy breeds and their crosses in
Africa.10
Table 3. Milk performance of local goats, dairy breeds and their crosses in Africa.14
Table 4. Predicted selection response to different breeding objectives in cattle.20
Table 5. Strengths and weaknesses of FPR schemes in India.28
Table 6. Classification of dairying systems by the level of production environment.31
Table 7. Percentages of the genotypes in the study flocks in Burundi.42
Table 8. Characteristics of the predominant AEZ in the study area.46
Table 9. Sources of information in the present study.47
Table 10. Genotype and respective Alpine gene level.49
Table 11. Performance parameters studied.49
Table 12. Lactation months and lactation days.51
Table 13. Flock parameters, prices and fees considered for calculation of
economic values.52
Table 14. Group buck management in 28 new groups in Western Kenya.65
Table 15. Average number of livestock species per household and percentage of farmers
keeping them.68
Table 16. Percentage of farmers who feed concentrates and when.70
Table 17. Breeding objectives of GTZ-ISLP, DGAK and dairy goat farmers.71
Table 18. Selection criteria for breeding does and bucks used by the DGAK.73
Table 19. Genotypes, exotic gene levels and colours of record cards.74
Table 20. Number of goats registered with KSB.76
Table 21. Number of imported Alpine bucks, number of bucks culled/died and alive and
approximate age of imported bucks by August 2000.77
Table 22. Flock structure.87
Table 23. Estimated age of breeding does in d and yrs.88
Table 24. Estimated LW of breeding does in kg.89
Table 25. Estimated AFK of breeding does in days and months.89
Table 26. Estimated Kl of the breeding does in days and months.90
Table 27. Estimated LS in breeding does.90
Table 28. Percentage of singles, twins, triplets and quadruplets per litter.91
Table 29. Estimated DMY of breeding does in 1.92
Table 30. Estimated DMY in I for OS and all crosses overall lactation periods.93
Table 31. Development of flock structure between 2001 and 2003.96
List of tables
Table 32. Results for hoo, per household in KSh.102
Table 33. VC, FC and CTotaiper flock and year in KSh.103
Table 34. VC per flock and year in KSh.103
Table 35. Details of VCfMd kxs per flock and year in KSh.104
Table 36. Details of VCV« per flock and year in KSh.104
Table 37. Results for FC per flock and year in KSh.105
Table 38. Details of FCc«,.105
Table 39. Financial contributions to the farmer group per group member and year
in KSh.106
Table40. R, B and BToiai per flock and year in KSh.106
Table 41. PRn«*, PRa» and PRc«,, in KSh.108
Table 42. Reproduction parameter considered for the development of the selection
scheme.113
List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1. Breeding structures under extensive organisation conditions (Horst, 1994).33
Figure 2. Development of number of farmer groups between 1994 and 2003.59
Figure 3. Information flow and communication structures in the DGAK.61
Figure 4. Farmer participation in DGAK organs.62
Figure 5. Frequency of breeding does per household.69
Figure 6. Farmers' first priorities in dairy goat keeping.72
Figure 7. Percentage of KSB registered breeding does in the flock.76
Figure 8. Breeding scheme of the DGAK (after Van der Werf, 2000).78
Figure 9. Flock structure of breeding does.88
Figure 10. Average DMY in OS and crosses.93
Figure 11. Frequencies of LL in completed lactations.94
Figure 12. Frequencies of suckling days in recorded lactations.95
Figure 13. Frequency of Rs** in KSh.107
Figure 14. N of replacement bucks in relation to N of farmer groups and N of useful
rotations.111
Figure 15. Selection intensities and proportion selected in relation to nucleus size.114
Figure 16. Proposed two-tier selection scheme for the selection of breeding bucks.115
Figure 17. N of buck dams in relation to N of replacement bucks and Kl at a survival rate
of 60%.119
Figure 18. N of buck dams in relation to N of replacement bucks and Kl at a survival rate
of 75%.119
List of appendices
List of appendices
Appendix 1. Map of Nyeri District with AEZ and soils.142
Appendix 2. Selected farmer groups, number of cooperating farmers and divisori.143
Appendix 3. Number of farmer groups in November 2003, districts and provinces.143
Appendix 4. Buck service fee in KSh per service in the selected farmer groups.144
Appendix 5. Price calculation for breeding dairy goats (male and female) - Example of a
goat with 30 kg LW.145
Appendix 6. Breeding plan for the dairy goat development programme.146
Appendix 7. Dairy goat record card.147
Appendix 8. Buck service book.148 |
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| author | Krause, Ann-Kathrin |
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| discipline_str_mv | Geowissenschaften Agrarwissenschaft Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Kenia (DE-588)4030236-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kenia |
| id | DE-604.BV022551084 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:13:33Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:00:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783895746093 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015757395 |
| oclc_num | 634928822 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM |
| owner_facet | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM |
| physical | VIII, 149 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Köster |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Schriften zur internationalen Agrarentwicklung |
| series2 | Schriften zur internationalen Agrarentwicklung |
| spelling | Krause, Ann-Kathrin Verfasser aut Breeding programmes for small ruminants in the tropics with special reference to the breeding programme of the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK) Ann-Kathrin Krause 1. Aufl. Berlin Köster 2007 VIII, 149 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Schriften zur internationalen Agrarentwicklung 50 Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2006 Milchziege (DE-588)4243361-7 gnd rswk-swf Ziegenzucht (DE-588)4190785-1 gnd rswk-swf Kenia (DE-588)4030236-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Kenia (DE-588)4030236-2 g Milchziege (DE-588)4243361-7 s Ziegenzucht (DE-588)4190785-1 s b DE-604 Schriften zur internationalen Agrarentwicklung 50 (DE-604)BV008281241 50 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015757395&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Krause, Ann-Kathrin Breeding programmes for small ruminants in the tropics with special reference to the breeding programme of the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK) Schriften zur internationalen Agrarentwicklung Milchziege (DE-588)4243361-7 gnd Ziegenzucht (DE-588)4190785-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4243361-7 (DE-588)4190785-1 (DE-588)4030236-2 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Breeding programmes for small ruminants in the tropics with special reference to the breeding programme of the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK) |
| title_auth | Breeding programmes for small ruminants in the tropics with special reference to the breeding programme of the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK) |
| title_exact_search | Breeding programmes for small ruminants in the tropics with special reference to the breeding programme of the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK) |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Breeding programmes for small ruminants in the tropics with special reference to the breeding programme of the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK) |
| title_full | Breeding programmes for small ruminants in the tropics with special reference to the breeding programme of the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK) Ann-Kathrin Krause |
| title_fullStr | Breeding programmes for small ruminants in the tropics with special reference to the breeding programme of the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK) Ann-Kathrin Krause |
| title_full_unstemmed | Breeding programmes for small ruminants in the tropics with special reference to the breeding programme of the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK) Ann-Kathrin Krause |
| title_short | Breeding programmes for small ruminants in the tropics with special reference to the breeding programme of the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK) |
| title_sort | breeding programmes for small ruminants in the tropics with special reference to the breeding programme of the dairy goat association of kenya dgak |
| topic | Milchziege (DE-588)4243361-7 gnd Ziegenzucht (DE-588)4190785-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Milchziege Ziegenzucht Kenia Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015757395&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV008281241 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT krauseannkathrin breedingprogrammesforsmallruminantsinthetropicswithspecialreferencetothebreedingprogrammeofthedairygoatassociationofkenyadgak |