Coloration in Polistes:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington
Carnegie Institution of Washington
1904
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington
19 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 88 S. 6 Taff. |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Coloration in Polistes |c Wilhelmine M. Enteman |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington |v 19 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Insects |x Color | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Polistes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Variation (Biology) | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136664378900480 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | M
i i
COLORATIONINPOIISTHS
*?•/!•-/?
WLLH M IE ^TEMAN
PUBLISHED BY THEJ CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
: j NOVEMBER , 1904 !
! :i • :
i
CONTENTS
Page
, Introduction 7
General account , 9
Individual variation in the color pattern of Polistes u
Polistes variaius Cresson 12
General type of variation 12
Distribution of material among the various types 14
Degree of variabilitj in males and females 15
Nature of the variation in a single nest 16
Relation of color pattern to the time of emergence 20
Correlations between pattern of abdomen and other color characters 21
Summary 32
Polistes variatus and related species 33
Polistes variatus and Polistes pallipes 33
Polistes variaius and Polistes aurifer 35
General conclusions concerning relations of Polistes variatus 37
Variations in other species of Polistes 38
The texanus-rubiginosus type 39
The carolinus type 40
Ontogenesis of the color pattern 42
Development of the pattern in Polistes variatus 42
Development of the pattern in Polistes pallipes 43
The red-brown species 44
Physical and chemical nature of the pigment 45
Chemical examination of the pigment 47
Comparison with the color phenomena of butterflies 52
Geographical distribution of types of color marking 53
Distribution in the United States 53
Types 53
Distribution of types 55
Relation between latitude and amount of dark pigment in Polistes 56
Correlation between pigmentation of second abdominal segment and
the segments posterior thereto 57
Correlation between markings of second abdominal segment and cly-
peus of female 60
Distribution in Europe r 63
Distribution in South America 67
Distribution in Africa 68 •
Distribution in Australia and the East [ndies: 69
General laws governing differentiation 70
Individual variation under varying external conditions 72
Types of coloration in related genera 73
Considerations with respect to various theories of evolution 75
Summary and conclusion 77
Description of species 79
Bibliography 87
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
Facing page
PLATE I Types of color pattern in Polistes varieties - 12
II Development of color pattern in Polistes 16
III Species of Polistes 32
IV Species of Polistes : 42
V Map of the United States illustrating distribution of Polistes 53
VI Map of the world illustrating parallelism in distribution of Polistes
in America and Eurasia 69
TEXT FIGURES
Page
FIG 1 Dorsal view of Polistes pallipes 10
2 Lateral view of P pallipes 10
3 Front view of head of female of P pallipes 10
4 Middle leg of P pallipes 10
5 Cross-section through cuticle of P pallipes 11
6 Cross-section through portion of cuticle, mesothorax of pupa of P
pallipes 11
7 Diagrammatic representation of relations of types of color pattern for
the abdomen of Polistes varieties 13
8 Diagrammatic representation of proportion of males to females in
types of color pattern found in collections of southeastern Wis
consin i 16
9 Distribution by nests in general scheme of representation for types 18
10 Condition of males from southeastern Wisconsin with reference to
ventral abdominal markings 23
11 Condition of females from southeastern Wisconsin with reference to
ventral abdominal markings 24
12 Correlation between markings of ventral and dorsal surfaces of ab
domen of female 26
13 Correlation between markings of dorsal and ventral surfaces of ab
domen of male : 26
14 Correlation between character of abdomen and width of median stripes
of metathorax 28
15 Correlation between dorsal surface of abdomen and size of lateral
-stripe of metathorax Lots satne as in foregoing determinations 28
16 Correlation between size of metarneric spot and width of terminal
border of second abdominal segment 29
17 Correlation between amount of yellow in abdomen and that in clypeus
of female 29
iS Relation between latitude and melanism, second abdominal segment
taken as measure of melanism 54
19 Correlation between pigmentation of second abdominal segment and
that of metathorax 57
Page
FIG 20 Expressing similar relation as in fig 19 for material from Willow
Grove, Pa 5S
21 Expresses similar relation as in fig 19 for material from Gotha, Fla 59
22 Relation between melanism of second abdominal segment and clypeus
of female Cold Spring Harbor collection 61
23 Relation between melanism of second abdominal segment and clypeus
of female Willow Grove collection 61
24 Relation-between melanism of second abdominal segment and re
maining segments similarly expressed for 100 specimens from
Gotha, Fla 62
25 Similar relation for material from Willow Grove,- Pa 62
26 Correlation between pigmentation of second abdominal segment and
clypeus of females in collection from Gotha, Fla 63
27 Relation between melanism of second abdominal segment and remain
ing segments, expressed for collection from Cold Spring Harbor,
NY! 63
•4
|
| adam_txt |
M
i i
COLORATIONINPOIISTHS
*?•/!•-/?
WLLH M IE'^TEMAN
PUBLISHED BY THEJ CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
: j NOVEMBER', 1904 !
'! :i • :
i
CONTENTS
Page
, Introduction 7
General account , 9
Individual variation in the color pattern of Polistes u
Polistes variaius Cresson 12
General type of variation 12
Distribution of material among the various types 14
Degree of variabilitj' in males and females 15
Nature of the variation in a single nest 16
Relation of color pattern to the time of emergence 20
Correlations between pattern of abdomen and other color characters 21
Summary 32
Polistes variatus and related species 33
Polistes variatus and Polistes pallipes 33
Polistes variaius and Polistes aurifer 35
General conclusions concerning relations of Polistes variatus 37
Variations in other species of Polistes 38
The texanus-rubiginosus type 39
The carolinus type 40
Ontogenesis of the color pattern 42
Development of the pattern in Polistes variatus 42
Development of the pattern in Polistes pallipes 43
The red-brown species 44
Physical and chemical nature of the pigment 45
Chemical examination of the pigment 47
Comparison with the color phenomena of butterflies 52
Geographical distribution of types of color marking 53
Distribution in the United States 53
Types 53
Distribution of types 55
Relation between latitude and amount of dark pigment in Polistes 56
Correlation between pigmentation of second abdominal segment and
the segments posterior thereto 57
Correlation between markings of second abdominal segment and cly-
peus of female 60
Distribution in Europe r 63
Distribution in South America 67
Distribution in Africa 68 •
Distribution in Australia and the East [ndies: ' 69
General laws governing differentiation 70
Individual variation under varying external conditions 72
Types of coloration in related genera 73
Considerations with respect to various theories of evolution 75
Summary and conclusion 77
Description of species 79
Bibliography 87
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
Facing page
PLATE I Types of color pattern in Polistes varieties - 12
II Development of color pattern in Polistes 16
III Species of Polistes 32
IV Species of Polistes : 42
V Map of the United States illustrating distribution of Polistes 53
VI Map of the world illustrating parallelism in distribution of Polistes
in America and Eurasia 69
TEXT FIGURES
Page
FIG 1 Dorsal view of Polistes pallipes 10
2 Lateral view of P pallipes 10
3 Front view of head of female of P pallipes 10
4 Middle leg of P pallipes 10
5 Cross-section through cuticle of P pallipes 11
6 Cross-section through portion of cuticle, mesothorax of pupa of P
pallipes 11
7 Diagrammatic representation of relations of types of color pattern for
the abdomen of Polistes varieties 13
8 Diagrammatic representation of proportion of males to females in
types of color pattern found in collections of southeastern Wis
consin i 16
9 Distribution by nests in general scheme of representation for types 18
10 Condition of males from southeastern Wisconsin with reference to
ventral abdominal markings 23
11 Condition of females from southeastern Wisconsin with reference to
ventral abdominal markings 24
12 Correlation between markings of ventral and dorsal surfaces of ab
domen of female 26
13 Correlation between markings of dorsal and ventral surfaces of ab
domen of male : 26
14 Correlation between character of abdomen and width of median stripes
of metathorax ' 28
15 Correlation between dorsal surface of abdomen and size of lateral
-stripe of metathorax Lots satne as in foregoing determinations 28
16 Correlation between size of metarneric spot and width of terminal
border of second abdominal segment 29
17 Correlation between amount of yellow in abdomen and that in clypeus
of female 29
iS Relation between latitude and melanism, second abdominal segment
taken as measure of melanism 54
19 Correlation between pigmentation of second abdominal segment and
that of metathorax 57
Page
FIG 20 Expressing similar relation as in fig 19 for material from Willow
Grove, Pa 5S
21 Expresses similar relation as in fig 19 for material from Gotha, Fla 59
22 Relation between melanism of second abdominal segment and clypeus
of female Cold Spring Harbor collection 61
23 Relation between melanism of second abdominal segment and clypeus
of female Willow Grove collection 61
24 Relation-between melanism of second abdominal segment and re
maining segments similarly expressed for 100 specimens from
Gotha, Fla 62
25 Similar relation for material from Willow Grove,- Pa 62
26 Correlation between pigmentation of second abdominal segment and
clypeus of females in collection from Gotha, Fla 63
27 Relation between melanism of second abdominal segment and remain
ing segments, expressed for collection from Cold Spring Harbor,
NY! 63
•4 |
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| author | Key, Wilhelmine Marie Enteman 1872-1955 |
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| dewey-full | 575.2 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 575 - Specific parts of & systems in plants |
| dewey-raw | 575.2 |
| dewey-search | 575.2 |
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| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Biologie |
| format | Book |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:12:32Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:00:00Z |
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| language | English |
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| series2 | Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington |
| spelling | Key, Wilhelmine Marie Enteman 1872-1955 Verfasser (DE-588)1055120599 aut Coloration in Polistes Wilhelmine M. Enteman Washington Carnegie Institution of Washington 1904 88 S. 6 Taff. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington 19 Insects Color Polistes Variation (Biology) Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 19 (DE-604)BV035415500 19 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015754384&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Key, Wilhelmine Marie Enteman 1872-1955 Coloration in Polistes Insects Color Polistes Variation (Biology) |
| title | Coloration in Polistes |
| title_auth | Coloration in Polistes |
| title_exact_search | Coloration in Polistes |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Coloration in Polistes |
| title_full | Coloration in Polistes Wilhelmine M. Enteman |
| title_fullStr | Coloration in Polistes Wilhelmine M. Enteman |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coloration in Polistes Wilhelmine M. Enteman |
| title_short | Coloration in Polistes |
| title_sort | coloration in polistes |
| topic | Insects Color Polistes Variation (Biology) |
| topic_facet | Insects Color Polistes Variation (Biology) |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015754384&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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