Ignacy Domeyko: kalendarium życia
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Kraków
Polska Akad. Umiejętności
2006
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. und span. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | XXVII, 858 S., [20] Bl. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 8360183309 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text |
SPIS TREŚCI
PRZEDMOWA
- Prof.
dr
hab.
Jerzy Wyrozumski
.
I>
PREZENTACJA
- Prof.
dr
hab.
Maria Nowakowska
.
X
SŁOWO REKTORA AKADEMII GÓRNICZO-HUTNICZEJ
- Prof.
dr
hab.
Antoni Tajduś
ΧΙΓ
wstęp
. xvi:
ZASTOSOWANE SKRÓTY
.
XXI\
KALENDARIUM ŻYCIA IGNACEGO DOMEYKI
Litwa-Francja-Chile
. 1
Rodzina i dzieciństwo
. 1
Początki edukacji
. 3
W Uniwersytecie Wileńskim
. 4
Aresztowanie i proces Filaretów
. 14
Udział w powstaniu listopadowym
. 25
Emigracja
. 33
Kontrakt na wyjazd do Chile
. 53
Czteromiesięczna podróż do Chile
. 57
Coquimbo
-
La Serena
. 68
Wyprawa w Kordyliery
Cauquenes
. 110
Eksploracja Kordyliery Copiapó
. 133
Pielgrzymka do Sanktuarium Andacollo
. 143
W Kordylierze
Coquimbo
. 146
Podróż do kraju dzikich Indian Araukanów
. 152
Wulkan Antuco
. 166
Mineralojia
i Tratado de ensayes
. 180
Z
Coquimbo do
Santiago de Chile
. 184
Pierwsze kroki w
Universidad
de Chile
. 186
Profesor, Sekretarz Uniwersytetu i Członek Rady Uniwersyteckiej
. 191
Trzecia misja rozjemcza w kopalni Chańarcillo
. 202
SPIS TREŚCI
PRZEDMOWA
- Prof.
dr
hab.
Jerzy Wyrozumski
.
IX
PREZENTACJA
- Prof.
dr
hab.
Maria Nowakowska
.
XI
SŁOWO REKTORA AKADEMII GÓRNICZO-HUTNICZEJ
- Prof.
dr
hab.
Antoni Tajduś
XIII
WSTĘP
. XVII
ZASTOSOWANE SKRÓTY
. XXIV
KALENDARIUM ŻYCIA IGNACEGO DOMEYKI
Litwa-Francja-Chile
. 1
Rodzina i dzieciństwo
. 1
Początki edukacji
. 3
W Uniwersytecie Wileńskim
. 4
Aresztowanie i proces Filaretów
. 14
Udział w powstaniu listopadowym
. 25
Emigracja
. 33
Kontrakt na wyjazd do Chile
. 53
Czteromiesięczna podróż do Chile
. 57
Coquimbo
-
La Serena
. 68
Wyprawa w Kordyliery
Cauquenes
. 110
Eksploracja Kordyliery Copiapó
. 133
Pielgrzymka do Sanktuarium Andacollo
. 143
W Kordylierze
Coquimbo
. 146
Podróż do kraju dzikich Indian Araukanów
. 152
Wulkan Antuco
. 166
Mineralojía i Tratado de ensayes
. 180
Z
Coquimbo do
Santiago de Chile
. 184
Pierwsze kroki w
Universidad
de Chile
. 186
Profesor, Sekretarz Uniwersytetu i Członek Rady Uniwersyteckiej
. 191
Trzecia misja rozjemcza w kopalni Chańarcillo
. 202
VI
Spis
tresei
Obywatelstwo honorowe Chile
. 207
Wulkany
Cerro Azul i Descabezado
. 212
Między Uniwersytetem i kopalniami
. 217
Dom w Santiago de Chile
. 223
Wielka miłość i małżeństwo
. 225
W wirze prac uniwersyteckich
. 234
Delegat Uniwersytecki
. 243
W Kordylierze
San Fernando . 324
O dalszy rozwój Uniwersytetu
. 326
Manuel
Antonio
Tocornal
-
drugim rektorem Uniwersytetu
. 361
Domeyko
-
Rektor
Universidad
de Chile
. 369
Pierwsza kadencja rektorska
1867-1872. 369
Druga kadencja rektorska
1872-1876. 424
Trzecia kadencja rektorska
1876-1882 . 468
Emerytura i czwarta kadencja rektorska
1882-1883 . 531
Dymisja ze stanowiska rektora
-
emerytura
. 547
Przygotowania i wyjazd do Europy
. 555
Podróż do Europy
. 562
W Europie i na ziemi ojczystej
. 566
Audiencja u Papieża Leona
XIII. 586
W Rzymie, Neapolu i na Wezuwiuszu
. 589
Pielgrzymka do Ziemi Świętej
. 596
W Krakowie
. 600
We Lwowie
. 603
W drodze do Ziemi Świętej
. 605
W Ziemi Świętej
. 609
Powrót z Ziemi Świętej
. 617
W Zyburtowszczyźnie, Rzymie i Krakowie
. 621
Ponownie na Zyburtowszczyźnie
. 621
Ponownie w Rzymie
. 629
Ponownie w Krakowie i na Zyburtowszczyźnie
. 630
Testament Ignacego Domejki
. 640
Doktorat honoris causa Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
. 642
Paryż
-
Rzym
-
Zyburtowszczyzna: w trosce o synów
. 645
Wielkanoc z rodziną w Krakowie
. 655
Ostatnie lato w stronach rodzinnych
. 657
Spis
tresei
VII
Powrót
do
Chile
. 664
Ostatnie tchnienie
. 674
WAŻNIEJSZE WYDARZENIA
PO ŚMIERCI IGNACEGO DOMEYKI
Uroczystości pogrzebowe
. 675
Pamięć Domeyki: trzy miłości
. 682
Pamięć Domeyki w pierwszej połowie
XX
wieku
. 697
W
150.
rocznicę urodzin Ignacego Domeyki
. 713
2002 -
Rok Ignacego Domeyki pod auspicjami UNESCO
. 750
ANEKS
„Ignacy Domeyko"
-
Eponimy
. 777
INDEKS NAZWISK
. 807
INDEKS NAZW GEOGRAFICZNYCH
. 831
STRESZCZENIE W JĘZYKU HISZPAŃSKIM
. 847
STRESZCZENIE W JĘZYKU ANGIELSKIM
. 853
SUMMARY
The 200th birth anniversary of
Ignacy
Domeyko
-
a member of a secret patriotic stu¬
dent society at Vilnius University, a participant in the November Uprising, an emigrant
and then the rector at the university of Santiago
de
Chile and a reformer of the educatio¬
nal system in Chile
-
revived an international interest in his life and work. Special attri¬
butes of his personality formed in his early youthful years as well as an extraordinary
course of his life connected with his crossing the epochs, continents and cultures, impar¬
ted universal value to Domeyko's life and work.
In Domeyko's personality outstanding creative intelligence and sensitive emotionali¬
ty harmoniously coexisted with deep spirituality. In his everyday life as well as in his scien¬
tific and educational work he peacefully combined science with faith. The beauty of nature
-both of his actual homeland and his adoptive homeland, i.e. Chile -he perceived as God's
creation. He devoted his talents to serve God, neighbours and his Homeland.
Ignacy
Domeyko's biography can be divided chronologically into several periods:
his childhood in a house of Polish gentry in Lithuania, his youth at the Vilnius Universi¬
ty and in the ranks of secret patriotic student societies
(Filareci, Filomaci),
his participa¬
tion in the November Uprising in
1931,
his emigration to Dresden and Paris,
halfa
cen¬
tury of his intensive work in Chile, and towards the end of his life his four-year stay in
his homeland and his journeys round Europe and to the Holy Land.
Although several tens of books and thousands of articles have already been devoted
to Domeyko, we still know little about his life and activity in Chile, which was the lon¬
gest, the busiest and the most creative period of his life. Two stages of his stay in Chile:
an eight-year professor's contract in La Serena
-
Coquimbo
as well as his stay in the ca¬
pital of Chile, Santiago, left permanent marks on the culture and science of this young
democratic country. He made a tremendous impact on the history of Chilean Alma Ma¬
ter,
Universidad de
Chile, which he co-established and where he held the post of rector
for many years. It is the oldest and the biggest university in Chile, one of the best in La¬
tin America.
By his university mission and scientific research Domeyko extended the knowledge
of Chilean natural resources and contributed to the promotion of this country, especially
in Europe. To acknowledge his merits the National Congress of Chile granted honorary
citizenship to Domeyko in his tenth year of work in this country.
His marriage to a Chilean woman, Enrykieta Sotomayor, his family and children,
tied Domeyko to his adoptive homeland. Presently, a many-generation Domeyko family,
including 104-year-old Domeyko's granddaughter Anita Domeyko Alamos, live in Chi¬
le. Therefore it is not surprising that Poles, Lithuanians, Belarusians and Chileans try
to win Domeyko's "soul". Not without reason Domeyko is called a citizen of the world.1
1
See;
Ignacy
Domeyko.
Obywatel świata.
Ignacio
Domeyko.
Ciudadano
del
Mundo,
Zdzisław
Jan Ryn
(ed.),
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego,
říraków
2002.
854
SUMMARY
Already in his lifetime Domeyko's biographical notes were published by Chilean and
foreign encyclopaedias of that time. He was granted honorary memberships of many
scientific societies in Europe, Latin America and in the USA. The Jagiellonian Univers¬
ity in Krakow, on the occasion of the inauguration of the new building of Collegium
No¬
vum,
granted him an honorary doctorate in the field of medicine. In Chile Domeyko is
thought to be the father of mining techniques and teaching, of mineralogy, astronomy,
scientific research in the Andes, and, last but not least, the Apostle of Science.
Up till now ca.
140
names including the name of
Ignacy
Domeyko have been registe¬
red. Among them one may find geographical names (Cordillera Domeyko, Pueblo Do¬
meyko, Domeyko Glacier, etc.), scientific names of fossils, plants and animals, universi¬
ties and galleries from Lithuania and Belarus through France, Argentina to Chile. A re¬
latively small number of such marks can be traced in Poland.
Domeyko's death on
23
January
1889
in Santiago
de
Chile plunged the citizens of
Chile, Poland and Lithuania as well as the world scientific community into mourning.
His funeral in the General Cemetery in Santiago transformed into a mass tribute of reve¬
rence and awe, and was conducted in an aura of Domeyko's holiness. Poets in Chile and
Poland wrote poems to commemorate him. Over the course of time Domeyko well estab¬
lished his place in the pantheon of the most distinguished foreigners who rendered servi¬
ces to the Republic of Chile and to the development of its science, culture and industry.
In the consciousness of Poles Domeyko's name is associated with "Pan
Tadeusz"
and
"Dziady"
by Adam
Mickiewicz
as well as with the Great Emigration in Paris. In Lithu¬
ania and Belarus he has become a national hero.
UNESCO declared the year
2002
"Ignacy
Domeyko Year". On this occasion, in
many places around the world, several tens of conferences and scientific symposia were
organised, many exhibitions commemorating his life and work were opened, many films
were made and many radio and TV programmes were broadcast. Only in this jubilee
year more than
20
books on
Ignacy
Domeyko as well as over one thousand scientific pa¬
pers, articles and reports were published. The most important events among them were
international conferences in Poland, France, Lithuania and Belarus. The conferences in
Poland and in Chile were organised under the auspices of the presidents of these coun¬
tries, whereas the exhibition in France was organised under the auspices of UNESCO.
Several prestigious universities, academies of sciences and scientific societies became
engaged in the research on Domeyko's life and work.
In
1996
in Santiago
de
Chile a group of postulators was established in order to make
Domeyko recognised as God's Servant on the basis of his heroic defence of Christian va¬
lues. This idea makes one of the most important aims of the
Ignacy
Domeyko Cultural
Corporation founded in Santiago
de
Chile.
These actions justified full source research into the calendar of his life and his scien¬
tific, educational, exploratory, social and organisational achievements, done from an
interdisciplinary perspective. An important aspect of the research is a projection of
Domeyko's work in a transcendental dimension. It appears that the work of his life and
values he accepted, cherished and fostered, are timeless and universal.
Domeyko's personality has become exemplary: a model of a scholar and a teacher, a
romantic and a patriot of two homelands, a faithful son of the Catholic Church, a lover
and patron of the sciences and arts, a defender of human rights, all in all
-
a man of
Rena-
SUMMARY
855
issance in the full sense of the word.
A
positivist
picture of Poland and Europe created by
Domeyko has made a stable foundation for well developing political, cultural and econo¬
mical relations between Chile and Poland, but also between Europe and Latin America.
Therefore Domeyko may be recognised as one of the most important constructors of the
cultural bridge between Europe and Latin America in the 19th century.
It cannot be forgotten that Domeyko emigrated to France and later to Chile not of his
own free will, but because of political reasons. All his actions were undertaken to defend
and to praise his oppressed homeland. He almost paid with his life for his participation
in the Uprising in
1831.
Although from a distance, at the other end of the world, he wor¬
ked for Poland, he missed it and prayed for it. He was rightly convinced that the better
you serve the adoptive homeland the greater glory it brings to your actual homeland. He
systematically supported the Polish emigration in Paris, both financially and intellectu¬
ally. In the consciousness of millions of Poles living abroad he became a paragon of pa¬
triotism with the most important values defined as God, Honour, Homeland.
The possibility of the reconstruction of Domeyko's life and work we owe to his ex¬
traordinary diligence and regularity. He was in the habit of scrupulously registering the
events of his life, but also social, political and cultural events in Lithuania, Germany,
France and first of all in Chile. He would never be parted form his notebook, where he
put down even the smallest details and observations. Based on that he made his diary en¬
titled
Moje podróże. Pamiętniki wygnańca.
[My journeys. Diaries of an exile] published
in Polish
(1962, 1963)
and in Spanish
(1946, 1978).
Domeyko was also an unusually prolific letter-writer. His correspondence, priva¬
te and official, estimated to number over two thousand letters (preserved), makes a se¬
cond source of information about his life and contacts with his family, friends and pe¬
ople from scientific circles of his time. The majority of Domeyko's letters have been
published. The largest compact collection of his
Listy
do
Władysława Laskowicza
[Let¬
ters to
Władysław Laskowicz]
was worked out and edited by Helena Nieciowa in Poland
(1976).
The second biggest collection is Domeyko's correspondence with Adam
Mickie¬
wicz
and his friends connected with the circles of the secret patriotic student societies
(Filareci, Filomaci).
The above-mentioned sources allow of a quite detailed reconstruction of Domeyko's
course of life. It was not a typical life (in the context of the epoch) and very rich in events
(in comparison with the possibilities of those days). In his attempts to understand the
world and the people Domeyko combined all passions and gifts granted to him by the
nature: psychological and social sensitivity, acuity of an observer, thoughtfulness and inqui-
sitiveness of the mind, with a passion of a researcher and an explorer. Thanks to his versatile
education
-
from basic knowledge to philosophical sciences
-
he perceived the reality in an
integral way, which was reflected in his description of the surrounding world.
The drama of emigration, which led Domeyko and his friends from Lithuania to
Germany and France, and later to Chile, paradoxically bore fruit in a form of the work,
which might not have been created in the conditions of the so-called normality. As he
himself writes, it was Providence that decided on the peculiarity of his life and
fortu-
856
SUMMARY
nes,
and especially on his coming to a real end of the world
-
to Chile. He did not resist
Providence and put his life into God's hands. His stay in different European countries
and geopolitical changes (changes of the borders of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus) resul¬
ted in the fact that several countries declare Domeyko their citizen. Lithuanians claim
that he was Lithuanian (although he did know Lithuanian language), Poles have no do¬
ubts he was Polish (a son of Polish gentry living in Lithuania, who himself claimed to
be a Pole), Belarusians treat him as their countryman and a national hero
(Niedźwiad¬
ka,
Domeyko's family place, today belongs to the territory of Belarus), and Chileans
not only granted him honorary citizenship of their country, but also put his figure in the
pantheon of the most eminent citizens of their history.
Domeyko combined in his personality the attributes of a romantic, a man of Rena¬
issance and a cosmopolitan. And although he belonged to this world with his body and
mind, till the end of his life he kept in his heart the feeling of Polish national identity and
remained faithful to Poland. Living in exile he missed his Homeland so enormously that
he returned with his sons to his family place to spend his old age there. Yet, he died in
Chile, in his second homeland, where he left a numerous many-generation family and
remained in fixed memory.
"Kalendarium"
is chronologically arranged. First chapters show the origins and con¬
text of Domeyko's family of gentry background, his childhood and the beginnings of
his education as well as his studies in Vilnius University, where his membership in
secret patriotic student organisations heavily influenced the formation of his persona¬
lity. Domeyko's participation in the November Uprising ended in failure, which forced
him to emigrate first to Germany, and later to France. In Paris he completed his studies
at the Royal Mining School, which unexpectedly lead him to signing a six-year contract
of chemistry professor and mineralogy in
Coquimbo
(La Serena). His four-month jour¬
ney from France to Chile bore fruit in the form of a diary, which became a basis for his
later memoirs.
The chapter
"Coquimbo
-
La Serena" covers an eight-year period of his work as a
professor and a constructor of the first Chilean laboratory for chemical, physical, geolo¬
gical and mineralogical studies. It includes also Domeyko's first journey to the Cauque-
nes Cordilleras,
Copiapó, Coquimbo
and a fascinating and dangerous journey to "the co¬
untry of wild Araucaniana Indians". This journey yielded not only a report with sugge¬
stions how to solve the problem of Indians written for the government, but also his most
popular book "Araukania
i jej mieszkańcy" ["Araucania
and its inhabitants"].
The most extensive part of the
"Kalendarium"
covers the years
1846-1883,
when
upon the invitation by the Chilean government he moved to the capital of this country,
Santiago, and started working in the newly established
Universidad de
Chile. He was
commissioned by the president of the country to undertake the task of reforming the se¬
condary and tertiary teaching following the ideas of European universities of the time.
He was gradually promoted to professor, member of the University Council, University
Secretary, University Delegate, and finally university rector elected for four consecutive
terms
(1867-1872, 1872-1876, 1876-1882
and
1882-1883).
In the tenth year of his work,
upon a unanimous decision by the National Congress, he was granted honorary citizens¬
hip of Chile. As the University Delegate and later rector, he directed tertiary education
in Chile for
30
years and conducted its deep reforms.
SUMMARY
857
He devoted his holidays to exploratory expeditions in different regions of the An¬
des, and the results he published in European, mainly French and German, scientific
journals. His expeditions covered, among others, volcanoes
Cerro Azul
and
Descabez¬
ada
and San Fernando Cordillera, but also mediatory missions in the
Chañarcillo
silver
mine.
Married to a young Chilean woman Henrykieta Sotomayor, he established his fami¬
ly and bought a house in Santiago. Today Domeyko's genealogical tree numbers c.a.
250
descendants dispersed on different continents. Upon his retirement he was able to go
on a four-year journey to his homeland. Then he visited Krakow, where the Jagiellonian
University granted him an honorary doctorate, and Krakow Academy2 its membership.
He participated in taking holy orders by his son
Hernán
in Rome and made a pilgrimage
to the Holy Land. Fulfilling his promise he returned to Chile to spend his last days the¬
re. He died in Chile on
23
January
1889.
The last chapter of the book comprises all important events after Domeyko's de¬
ath. The funeral ceremony financed by the government was marked with an aura of
Domeyko's holiness. The mausoleum and tomb of the Domeykos is located in the Gene¬
ral Cemetery in Santiago
de
Chile. He stands out in the memory of Chilean people and
his death anniversaries, especially the 150th and the
200*
one, have been solemnly cele¬
brated. UNESCO declared the year
2002
"Ignacy
Domeyko Year", which helped evoke
memories about Domeyko, recount achievements of his life and his contribution to the
development of science.
The appendix to the book comprises a short description of c.a.
140
proper names
using Domeyko's surname. The books has also an index of surnames and geographical
names, which facilitates the use of extensive source material.
The work used materials gathered in archival collections in Chile, Poland, Lithuania
and other countries. For the first time the rich family collection was explored, including
unpublished letters. In total, c.a. eight thousand documents were taken into considera¬
tion; they are specified and described in the second volume: "Bio-bibliografia
Ignacego
Domeyki"
["Ignacy
Domeyko's bio-bibliography"].
I recognise the work on this book as one of the most beautiful adventures of my life.
Thanks to it I was able to better learn the world and people.
I owe much to Domeyko: the success of a diplomatic mission in Chile
(1991-1996)
based on his tradition and the
Mari Mari Peni
ceremony, when I was made the White
Brother of
Mapuche
Indians in the land of
Araucanas;
"a miracle in Pueblo Domeyko"
and the friendship with his descendants scattered on different continents, and especially
with Anita Domeyko Alamos,
Ignacy
Domeyko's granddaughter; fascinating journeys
following his tracks, starting from the tomb in the General Cemetery and the Domey¬
ko House in Santiago, through La Serena
-
Coquimbo,
the University of Chile, the Ata-
2
Now Polish Academy of Sciences and Arts
858
SUMMARY
cama
Desert, Araucania and the Andes Cordillera, to Vilnius University and his family
place in
Niedźwiadka
in Belarus.
Paradoxically, I have learnt the biography and geography of Domeyko's life in a re¬
versed order
-
from his tomb in Santiago to his family place in
Niedźwiadka
in Belarus.
From the remnants of preserved foundations of the Domeykos' manor house in
Niedź¬
wiadka
I took a granite stone in the form of a pyramid and brought it to the Domeyko
House in Santiago. The symbol of the bedrock he was born on, brought to the place whe¬
re he departed his life. A stone
-
a subject of his exploratory passions; a stone
-
a sym¬
bol of his transcendence.
I accompanied Domeyko in his sea journey from Europe to Chile and back to Euro¬
pe, I breathed the same air on the mountain tops of the Andes and on Chilean volcanoes;
I watched the same miracles of the nature in Argentine pampas, in Chilean valleys and
along the Pacific coast; I ventured many silver, gold and copper mines that Domeyko di¬
scovered
150
years earlier. Like Domeyko, I admired the glittering light of the Cordille¬
ras and I looked into smoking volcanoes of Araucania and Atacama. On their tops I ex¬
perienced mountain ecstasy, but I also suffered from soroche. On the tops of the Andes
I prayed using Domeyko's words, and in their shadow I, similarly to Domeyko, missed
Poland. From his letters I learnt the taste of longing and learnt the most beautiful of all
the feelings
-
patriotism, that is love of Homeland.
During the weeks I spent in national and university archives and libraries, doing the
research on Domeyko's papers and documents, I followed through his life day by day,
sometimes hour by hour. The most personal accents I brought out of the preserved cor¬
respondence of Domeyko. Much time I spent in Don Ignacio's study in his colonial hou¬
se in Santiago. At his desk, in his armchair, among his books, mementoes and minerals,
under a big picture of Mother of Mercy of
Ostra
Brama
(of the Gates of Dawn) in Vil¬
nius, his patron.
I lectured at the universities in La Serena and Santiago, and finally I have become an
honorary professor of these "Domeyko's" universities. I have no doubts that the freedom
of the cities of La Serena and
Coquimbo
is also Domeyko's "work". My adventure with
Domeyko could be described in a thick book. I cannot say that I worked on the
Kalenda¬
rium życia
Domeyki [The Calendar of Domeyko's Life] selflessly. I have profited much.
Therefore Domeyko's life and work is worth remembering and exploring. In the face
of globalisation and spiritual transformation taking place in our world, the eminent fi¬
gure of
Ignacy
Domeyko and
Kalendarium życia
Domeyki may be an important source
in the search of values of transcendental character.
Zdzisław Jan
Ryn
Cracow, July
2006
[Translated by
Irena Polanská] |
| adam_txt |
SPIS TREŚCI
PRZEDMOWA
- Prof.
dr
hab.
Jerzy Wyrozumski
.
I>
PREZENTACJA
- Prof.
dr
hab.
Maria Nowakowska
.
X
SŁOWO REKTORA AKADEMII GÓRNICZO-HUTNICZEJ
- Prof.
dr
hab.
Antoni Tajduś
ΧΙΓ
wstęp
. xvi:
ZASTOSOWANE SKRÓTY
.
XXI\
KALENDARIUM ŻYCIA IGNACEGO DOMEYKI
Litwa-Francja-Chile
. 1
Rodzina i dzieciństwo
. 1
Początki edukacji
. 3
W Uniwersytecie Wileńskim
. 4
Aresztowanie i proces Filaretów
. 14
Udział w powstaniu listopadowym
. 25
Emigracja
. 33
Kontrakt na wyjazd do Chile
. 53
Czteromiesięczna podróż do Chile
. 57
Coquimbo
-
La Serena
. 68
Wyprawa w Kordyliery
Cauquenes
. 110
Eksploracja Kordyliery Copiapó
. 133
Pielgrzymka do Sanktuarium Andacollo
. 143
W Kordylierze
Coquimbo
. 146
Podróż do kraju dzikich Indian Araukanów
. 152
Wulkan Antuco
. 166
Mineralojia
i Tratado de ensayes
. 180
Z
Coquimbo do
Santiago de Chile
. 184
Pierwsze kroki w
Universidad
de Chile
. 186
Profesor, Sekretarz Uniwersytetu i Członek Rady Uniwersyteckiej
. 191
Trzecia misja rozjemcza w kopalni Chańarcillo
. 202
SPIS TREŚCI
PRZEDMOWA
- Prof.
dr
hab.
Jerzy Wyrozumski
.
IX
PREZENTACJA
- Prof.
dr
hab.
Maria Nowakowska
.
XI
SŁOWO REKTORA AKADEMII GÓRNICZO-HUTNICZEJ
- Prof.
dr
hab.
Antoni Tajduś
XIII
WSTĘP
. XVII
ZASTOSOWANE SKRÓTY
. XXIV
KALENDARIUM ŻYCIA IGNACEGO DOMEYKI
Litwa-Francja-Chile
. 1
Rodzina i dzieciństwo
. 1
Początki edukacji
. 3
W Uniwersytecie Wileńskim
. 4
Aresztowanie i proces Filaretów
. 14
Udział w powstaniu listopadowym
. 25
Emigracja
. 33
Kontrakt na wyjazd do Chile
. 53
Czteromiesięczna podróż do Chile
. 57
Coquimbo
-
La Serena
. 68
Wyprawa w Kordyliery
Cauquenes
. 110
Eksploracja Kordyliery Copiapó
. 133
Pielgrzymka do Sanktuarium Andacollo
. 143
W Kordylierze
Coquimbo
. 146
Podróż do kraju dzikich Indian Araukanów
. 152
Wulkan Antuco
. 166
Mineralojía i Tratado de ensayes
. 180
Z
Coquimbo do
Santiago de Chile
. 184
Pierwsze kroki w
Universidad
de Chile
. 186
Profesor, Sekretarz Uniwersytetu i Członek Rady Uniwersyteckiej
. 191
Trzecia misja rozjemcza w kopalni Chańarcillo
. 202
VI
Spis
tresei
Obywatelstwo honorowe Chile
. 207
Wulkany
Cerro Azul i Descabezado
. 212
Między Uniwersytetem i kopalniami
. 217
Dom w Santiago de Chile
. 223
Wielka miłość i małżeństwo
. 225
W wirze prac uniwersyteckich
. 234
Delegat Uniwersytecki
. 243
W Kordylierze
San Fernando . 324
O dalszy rozwój Uniwersytetu
. 326
Manuel
Antonio
Tocornal
-
drugim rektorem Uniwersytetu
. 361
Domeyko
-
Rektor
Universidad
de Chile
. 369
Pierwsza kadencja rektorska
1867-1872. 369
Druga kadencja rektorska
1872-1876. 424
Trzecia kadencja rektorska
1876-1882 . 468
Emerytura i czwarta kadencja rektorska
1882-1883 . 531
Dymisja ze stanowiska rektora
-
emerytura
. 547
Przygotowania i wyjazd do Europy
. 555
Podróż do Europy
. 562
W Europie i na ziemi ojczystej
. 566
Audiencja u Papieża Leona
XIII. 586
W Rzymie, Neapolu i na Wezuwiuszu
. 589
Pielgrzymka do Ziemi Świętej
. 596
W Krakowie
. 600
We Lwowie
. 603
W drodze do Ziemi Świętej
. 605
W Ziemi Świętej
. 609
Powrót z Ziemi Świętej
. 617
W Zyburtowszczyźnie, Rzymie i Krakowie
. 621
Ponownie na Zyburtowszczyźnie
. 621
Ponownie w Rzymie
. 629
Ponownie w Krakowie i na Zyburtowszczyźnie
. 630
Testament Ignacego Domejki
. 640
Doktorat honoris causa Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
. 642
Paryż
-
Rzym
-
Zyburtowszczyzna: w trosce o synów
. 645
Wielkanoc z rodziną w Krakowie
. 655
Ostatnie lato w stronach rodzinnych
. 657
Spis
tresei
VII
Powrót
do
Chile
. 664
Ostatnie tchnienie
. 674
WAŻNIEJSZE WYDARZENIA
PO ŚMIERCI IGNACEGO DOMEYKI
Uroczystości pogrzebowe
. 675
Pamięć Domeyki: trzy miłości
. 682
Pamięć Domeyki w pierwszej połowie
XX
wieku
. 697
W
150.
rocznicę urodzin Ignacego Domeyki
. 713
2002 -
Rok Ignacego Domeyki pod auspicjami UNESCO
. 750
ANEKS
„Ignacy Domeyko"
-
Eponimy
. 777
INDEKS NAZWISK
. 807
INDEKS NAZW GEOGRAFICZNYCH
. 831
STRESZCZENIE W JĘZYKU HISZPAŃSKIM
. 847
STRESZCZENIE W JĘZYKU ANGIELSKIM
. 853
SUMMARY
The 200th birth anniversary of
Ignacy
Domeyko
-
a member of a secret patriotic stu¬
dent society at Vilnius University, a participant in the November Uprising, an emigrant
and then the rector at the university of Santiago
de
Chile and a reformer of the educatio¬
nal system in Chile
-
revived an international interest in his life and work. Special attri¬
butes of his personality formed in his early youthful years as well as an extraordinary
course of his life connected with his crossing the epochs, continents and cultures, impar¬
ted universal value to Domeyko's life and work.
In Domeyko's personality outstanding creative intelligence and sensitive emotionali¬
ty harmoniously coexisted with deep spirituality. In his everyday life as well as in his scien¬
tific and educational work he peacefully combined science with faith. The beauty of nature
-both of his actual homeland and his adoptive homeland, i.e. Chile -he perceived as God's
creation. He devoted his talents to serve God, neighbours and his Homeland.
Ignacy
Domeyko's biography can be divided chronologically into several periods:
his childhood in a house of Polish gentry in Lithuania, his youth at the Vilnius Universi¬
ty and in the ranks of secret patriotic student societies
(Filareci, Filomaci),
his participa¬
tion in the November Uprising in
1931,
his emigration to Dresden and Paris,
halfa
cen¬
tury of his intensive work in Chile, and towards the end of his life his four-year stay in
his homeland and his journeys round Europe and to the Holy Land.
Although several tens of books and thousands of articles have already been devoted
to Domeyko, we still know little about his life and activity in Chile, which was the lon¬
gest, the busiest and the most creative period of his life. Two stages of his stay in Chile:
an eight-year professor's contract in La Serena
-
Coquimbo
as well as his stay in the ca¬
pital of Chile, Santiago, left permanent marks on the culture and science of this young
democratic country. He made a tremendous impact on the history of Chilean Alma Ma¬
ter,
Universidad de
Chile, which he co-established and where he held the post of rector
for many years. It is the oldest and the biggest university in Chile, one of the best in La¬
tin America.
By his university mission and scientific research Domeyko extended the knowledge
of Chilean natural resources and contributed to the promotion of this country, especially
in Europe. To acknowledge his merits the National Congress of Chile granted honorary
citizenship to Domeyko in his tenth year of work in this country.
His marriage to a Chilean woman, Enrykieta Sotomayor, his family and children,
tied Domeyko to his adoptive homeland. Presently, a many-generation Domeyko family,
including 104-year-old Domeyko's granddaughter Anita Domeyko Alamos, live in Chi¬
le. Therefore it is not surprising that Poles, Lithuanians, Belarusians and Chileans try
to win Domeyko's "soul". Not without reason Domeyko is called a citizen of the world.1
1
See;
Ignacy
Domeyko.
Obywatel świata.
Ignacio
Domeyko.
Ciudadano
del
Mundo,
Zdzisław
Jan Ryn
(ed.),
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego,
říraków
2002.
854
SUMMARY
Already in his lifetime Domeyko's biographical notes were published by Chilean and
foreign encyclopaedias of that time. He was granted honorary memberships of many
scientific societies in Europe, Latin America and in the USA. The Jagiellonian Univers¬
ity in Krakow, on the occasion of the inauguration of the new building of Collegium
No¬
vum,
granted him an honorary doctorate in the field of medicine. In Chile Domeyko is
thought to be the father of mining techniques and teaching, of mineralogy, astronomy,
scientific research in the Andes, and, last but not least, the Apostle of Science.
Up till now ca.
140
names including the name of
Ignacy
Domeyko have been registe¬
red. Among them one may find geographical names (Cordillera Domeyko, Pueblo Do¬
meyko, Domeyko Glacier, etc.), scientific names of fossils, plants and animals, universi¬
ties and galleries from Lithuania and Belarus through France, Argentina to Chile. A re¬
latively small number of such marks can be traced in Poland.
Domeyko's death on
23
January
1889
in Santiago
de
Chile plunged the citizens of
Chile, Poland and Lithuania as well as the world scientific community into mourning.
His funeral in the General Cemetery in Santiago transformed into a mass tribute of reve¬
rence and awe, and was conducted in an aura of Domeyko's holiness. Poets in Chile and
Poland wrote poems to commemorate him. Over the course of time Domeyko well estab¬
lished his place in the pantheon of the most distinguished foreigners who rendered servi¬
ces to the Republic of Chile and to the development of its science, culture and industry.
In the consciousness of Poles Domeyko's name is associated with "Pan
Tadeusz"
and
"Dziady"
by Adam
Mickiewicz
as well as with the Great Emigration in Paris. In Lithu¬
ania and Belarus he has become a national hero.
UNESCO declared the year
2002
"Ignacy
Domeyko Year". On this occasion, in
many places around the world, several tens of conferences and scientific symposia were
organised, many exhibitions commemorating his life and work were opened, many films
were made and many radio and TV programmes were broadcast. Only in this jubilee
year more than
20
books on
Ignacy
Domeyko as well as over one thousand scientific pa¬
pers, articles and reports were published. The most important events among them were
international conferences in Poland, France, Lithuania and Belarus. The conferences in
Poland and in Chile were organised under the auspices of the presidents of these coun¬
tries, whereas the exhibition in France was organised under the auspices of UNESCO.
Several prestigious universities, academies of sciences and scientific societies became
engaged in the research on Domeyko's life and work.
In
1996
in Santiago
de
Chile a group of postulators was established in order to make
Domeyko recognised as God's Servant on the basis of his heroic defence of Christian va¬
lues. This idea makes one of the most important aims of the
Ignacy
Domeyko Cultural
Corporation founded in Santiago
de
Chile.
These actions justified full source research into the calendar of his life and his scien¬
tific, educational, exploratory, social and organisational achievements, done from an
interdisciplinary perspective. An important aspect of the research is a projection of
Domeyko's work in a transcendental dimension. It appears that the work of his life and
values he accepted, cherished and fostered, are timeless and universal.
Domeyko's personality has become exemplary: a model of a scholar and a teacher, a
romantic and a patriot of two homelands, a faithful son of the Catholic Church, a lover
and patron of the sciences and arts, a defender of human rights, all in all
-
a man of
Rena-
SUMMARY
855
issance in the full sense of the word.
A
positivist
picture of Poland and Europe created by
Domeyko has made a stable foundation for well developing political, cultural and econo¬
mical relations between Chile and Poland, but also between Europe and Latin America.
Therefore Domeyko may be recognised as one of the most important constructors of the
cultural bridge between Europe and Latin America in the 19th century.
It cannot be forgotten that Domeyko emigrated to France and later to Chile not of his
own free will, but because of political reasons. All his actions were undertaken to defend
and to praise his oppressed homeland. He almost paid with his life for his participation
in the Uprising in
1831.
Although from a distance, at the other end of the world, he wor¬
ked for Poland, he missed it and prayed for it. He was rightly convinced that the better
you serve the adoptive homeland the greater glory it brings to your actual homeland. He
systematically supported the Polish emigration in Paris, both financially and intellectu¬
ally. In the consciousness of millions of Poles living abroad he became a paragon of pa¬
triotism with the most important values defined as God, Honour, Homeland.
The possibility of the reconstruction of Domeyko's life and work we owe to his ex¬
traordinary diligence and regularity. He was in the habit of scrupulously registering the
events of his life, but also social, political and cultural events in Lithuania, Germany,
France and first of all in Chile. He would never be parted form his notebook, where he
put down even the smallest details and observations. Based on that he made his diary en¬
titled
Moje podróże. Pamiętniki wygnańca.
[My journeys. Diaries of an exile] published
in Polish
(1962, 1963)
and in Spanish
(1946, 1978).
Domeyko was also an unusually prolific letter-writer. His correspondence, priva¬
te and official, estimated to number over two thousand letters (preserved), makes a se¬
cond source of information about his life and contacts with his family, friends and pe¬
ople from scientific circles of his time. The majority of Domeyko's letters have been
published. The largest compact collection of his
Listy
do
Władysława Laskowicza
[Let¬
ters to
Władysław Laskowicz]
was worked out and edited by Helena Nieciowa in Poland
(1976).
The second biggest collection is Domeyko's correspondence with Adam
Mickie¬
wicz
and his friends connected with the circles of the secret patriotic student societies
(Filareci, Filomaci).
The above-mentioned sources allow of a quite detailed reconstruction of Domeyko's
course of life. It was not a typical life (in the context of the epoch) and very rich in events
(in comparison with the possibilities of those days). In his attempts to understand the
world and the people Domeyko combined all passions and gifts granted to him by the
nature: psychological and social sensitivity, acuity of an observer, thoughtfulness and inqui-
sitiveness of the mind, with a passion of a researcher and an explorer. Thanks to his versatile
education
-
from basic knowledge to philosophical sciences
-
he perceived the reality in an
integral way, which was reflected in his description of the surrounding world.
The drama of emigration, which led Domeyko and his friends from Lithuania to
Germany and France, and later to Chile, paradoxically bore fruit in a form of the work,
which might not have been created in the conditions of the so-called normality. As he
himself writes, it was Providence that decided on the peculiarity of his life and
fortu-
856
SUMMARY
nes,
and especially on his coming to a real end of the world
-
to Chile. He did not resist
Providence and put his life into God's hands. His stay in different European countries
and geopolitical changes (changes of the borders of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus) resul¬
ted in the fact that several countries declare Domeyko their citizen. Lithuanians claim
that he was Lithuanian (although he did know Lithuanian language), Poles have no do¬
ubts he was Polish (a son of Polish gentry living in Lithuania, who himself claimed to
be a Pole), Belarusians treat him as their countryman and a national hero
(Niedźwiad¬
ka,
Domeyko's family place, today belongs to the territory of Belarus), and Chileans
not only granted him honorary citizenship of their country, but also put his figure in the
pantheon of the most eminent citizens of their history.
Domeyko combined in his personality the attributes of a romantic, a man of Rena¬
issance and a cosmopolitan. And although he belonged to this world with his body and
mind, till the end of his life he kept in his heart the feeling of Polish national identity and
remained faithful to Poland. Living in exile he missed his Homeland so enormously that
he returned with his sons to his family place to spend his old age there. Yet, he died in
Chile, in his second homeland, where he left a numerous many-generation family and
remained in fixed memory.
"Kalendarium"
is chronologically arranged. First chapters show the origins and con¬
text of Domeyko's family of gentry background, his childhood and the beginnings of
his education as well as his studies in Vilnius University, where his membership in
secret patriotic student organisations heavily influenced the formation of his persona¬
lity. Domeyko's participation in the November Uprising ended in failure, which forced
him to emigrate first to Germany, and later to France. In Paris he completed his studies
at the Royal Mining School, which unexpectedly lead him to signing a six-year contract
of chemistry professor and mineralogy in
Coquimbo
(La Serena). His four-month jour¬
ney from France to Chile bore fruit in the form of a diary, which became a basis for his
later memoirs.
The chapter
"Coquimbo
-
La Serena" covers an eight-year period of his work as a
professor and a constructor of the first Chilean laboratory for chemical, physical, geolo¬
gical and mineralogical studies. It includes also Domeyko's first journey to the Cauque-
nes Cordilleras,
Copiapó, Coquimbo
and a fascinating and dangerous journey to "the co¬
untry of wild Araucaniana Indians". This journey yielded not only a report with sugge¬
stions how to solve the problem of Indians written for the government, but also his most
popular book "Araukania
i jej mieszkańcy" ["Araucania
and its inhabitants"].
The most extensive part of the
"Kalendarium"
covers the years
1846-1883,
when
upon the invitation by the Chilean government he moved to the capital of this country,
Santiago, and started working in the newly established
Universidad de
Chile. He was
commissioned by the president of the country to undertake the task of reforming the se¬
condary and tertiary teaching following the ideas of European universities of the time.
He was gradually promoted to professor, member of the University Council, University
Secretary, University Delegate, and finally university rector elected for four consecutive
terms
(1867-1872, 1872-1876, 1876-1882
and
1882-1883).
In the tenth year of his work,
upon a unanimous decision by the National Congress, he was granted honorary citizens¬
hip of Chile. As the University Delegate and later rector, he directed tertiary education
in Chile for
30
years and conducted its deep reforms.
SUMMARY
857
He devoted his holidays to exploratory expeditions in different regions of the An¬
des, and the results he published in European, mainly French and German, scientific
journals. His expeditions covered, among others, volcanoes
Cerro Azul
and
Descabez¬
ada
and San Fernando Cordillera, but also mediatory missions in the
Chañarcillo
silver
mine.
Married to a young Chilean woman Henrykieta Sotomayor, he established his fami¬
ly and bought a house in Santiago. Today Domeyko's genealogical tree numbers c.a.
250
descendants dispersed on different continents. Upon his retirement he was able to go
on a four-year journey to his homeland. Then he visited Krakow, where the Jagiellonian
University granted him an honorary doctorate, and Krakow Academy2 its membership.
He participated in taking holy orders by his son
Hernán
in Rome and made a pilgrimage
to the Holy Land. Fulfilling his promise he returned to Chile to spend his last days the¬
re. He died in Chile on
23
January
1889.
The last chapter of the book comprises all important events after Domeyko's de¬
ath. The funeral ceremony financed by the government was marked with an aura of
Domeyko's holiness. The mausoleum and tomb of the Domeykos is located in the Gene¬
ral Cemetery in Santiago
de
Chile. He stands out in the memory of Chilean people and
his death anniversaries, especially the 150th and the
200*
one, have been solemnly cele¬
brated. UNESCO declared the year
2002
"Ignacy
Domeyko Year", which helped evoke
memories about Domeyko, recount achievements of his life and his contribution to the
development of science.
The appendix to the book comprises a short description of c.a.
140
proper names
using Domeyko's surname. The books has also an index of surnames and geographical
names, which facilitates the use of extensive source material.
The work used materials gathered in archival collections in Chile, Poland, Lithuania
and other countries. For the first time the rich family collection was explored, including
unpublished letters. In total, c.a. eight thousand documents were taken into considera¬
tion; they are specified and described in the second volume: "Bio-bibliografia
Ignacego
Domeyki"
["Ignacy
Domeyko's bio-bibliography"].
I recognise the work on this book as one of the most beautiful adventures of my life.
Thanks to it I was able to better learn the world and people.
I owe much to Domeyko: the success of a diplomatic mission in Chile
(1991-1996)
based on his tradition and the
Mari Mari Peni
ceremony, when I was made the White
Brother of
Mapuche
Indians in the land of
Araucanas;
"a miracle in Pueblo Domeyko"
and the friendship with his descendants scattered on different continents, and especially
with Anita Domeyko Alamos,
Ignacy
Domeyko's granddaughter; fascinating journeys
following his tracks, starting from the tomb in the General Cemetery and the Domey¬
ko House in Santiago, through La Serena
-
Coquimbo,
the University of Chile, the Ata-
2
Now Polish Academy of Sciences and Arts
858
SUMMARY
cama
Desert, Araucania and the Andes Cordillera, to Vilnius University and his family
place in
Niedźwiadka
in Belarus.
Paradoxically, I have learnt the biography and geography of Domeyko's life in a re¬
versed order
-
from his tomb in Santiago to his family place in
Niedźwiadka
in Belarus.
From the remnants of preserved foundations of the Domeykos' manor house in
Niedź¬
wiadka
I took a granite stone in the form of a pyramid and brought it to the Domeyko
House in Santiago. The symbol of the bedrock he was born on, brought to the place whe¬
re he departed his life. A stone
-
a subject of his exploratory passions; a stone
-
a sym¬
bol of his transcendence.
I accompanied Domeyko in his sea journey from Europe to Chile and back to Euro¬
pe, I breathed the same air on the mountain tops of the Andes and on Chilean volcanoes;
I watched the same miracles of the nature in Argentine pampas, in Chilean valleys and
along the Pacific coast; I ventured many silver, gold and copper mines that Domeyko di¬
scovered
150
years earlier. Like Domeyko, I admired the glittering light of the Cordille¬
ras and I looked into smoking volcanoes of Araucania and Atacama. On their tops I ex¬
perienced mountain ecstasy, but I also suffered from soroche. On the tops of the Andes
I prayed using Domeyko's words, and in their shadow I, similarly to Domeyko, missed
Poland. From his letters I learnt the taste of longing and learnt the most beautiful of all
the feelings
-
patriotism, that is love of Homeland.
During the weeks I spent in national and university archives and libraries, doing the
research on Domeyko's papers and documents, I followed through his life day by day,
sometimes hour by hour. The most personal accents I brought out of the preserved cor¬
respondence of Domeyko. Much time I spent in Don Ignacio's study in his colonial hou¬
se in Santiago. At his desk, in his armchair, among his books, mementoes and minerals,
under a big picture of Mother of Mercy of
Ostra
Brama
(of the Gates of Dawn) in Vil¬
nius, his patron.
I lectured at the universities in La Serena and Santiago, and finally I have become an
honorary professor of these "Domeyko's" universities. I have no doubts that the freedom
of the cities of La Serena and
Coquimbo
is also Domeyko's "work". My adventure with
Domeyko could be described in a thick book. I cannot say that I worked on the
Kalenda¬
rium życia
Domeyki [The Calendar of Domeyko's Life] selflessly. I have profited much.
Therefore Domeyko's life and work is worth remembering and exploring. In the face
of globalisation and spiritual transformation taking place in our world, the eminent fi¬
gure of
Ignacy
Domeyko and
Kalendarium życia
Domeyki may be an important source
in the search of values of transcendental character.
Zdzisław Jan
Ryn
Cracow, July
2006
[Translated by
Irena Polanská] |
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| spelling | Ryn, Zdzisław Jan 1938-2022 Verfasser (DE-588)132824108 aut Ignacy Domeyko kalendarium życia Zdzisław Jan Ryn Kraków Polska Akad. Umiejętności 2006 XXVII, 858 S., [20] Bl. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. und span. Sprache Domeyko, Ignacy <1802-1889> - biografia jhpk Domeyko, Ignacio 1802-1889 (DE-588)117650560 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1802-2002 gnd rswk-swf Eponym (DE-588)4152557-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4188171-0 Verzeichnis gnd-content (DE-588)4190631-7 Zeittafel gnd-content Domeyko, Ignacio 1802-1889 (DE-588)117650560 p Geschichte 1802-2002 z DE-604 Eponym (DE-588)4152557-7 s Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015744732&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015744732&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ryn, Zdzisław Jan 1938-2022 Ignacy Domeyko kalendarium życia Domeyko, Ignacy <1802-1889> - biografia jhpk Domeyko, Ignacio 1802-1889 (DE-588)117650560 gnd Eponym (DE-588)4152557-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)117650560 (DE-588)4152557-7 (DE-588)4188171-0 (DE-588)4190631-7 |
| title | Ignacy Domeyko kalendarium życia |
| title_auth | Ignacy Domeyko kalendarium życia |
| title_exact_search | Ignacy Domeyko kalendarium życia |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Ignacy Domeyko kalendarium życia |
| title_full | Ignacy Domeyko kalendarium życia Zdzisław Jan Ryn |
| title_fullStr | Ignacy Domeyko kalendarium życia Zdzisław Jan Ryn |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ignacy Domeyko kalendarium życia Zdzisław Jan Ryn |
| title_short | Ignacy Domeyko |
| title_sort | ignacy domeyko kalendarium zycia |
| title_sub | kalendarium życia |
| topic | Domeyko, Ignacy <1802-1889> - biografia jhpk Domeyko, Ignacio 1802-1889 (DE-588)117650560 gnd Eponym (DE-588)4152557-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Domeyko, Ignacy <1802-1889> - biografia Domeyko, Ignacio 1802-1889 Eponym Verzeichnis Zeittafel |
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