Preţuri de podoabe şi orfevrărie din metal preţios în spaţiul românesc: (secolele XVI - XVII)
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Romanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bucureşti
Ed. Unvi.
2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 397 S. |
| ISBN: | 9737371143 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136644517822464 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CUPRÌNS
Cuprins
.................................................................................................................................... 5
Cuvânt înainte
.......................................................................................................................... 7
Lista abrevierilor
...................................................................................................................... 11
Introducere. Istoriografie şi izvoare
.......................................................................................... 13
Cap.
I.
Resursele. Producţia de metal preţios
........................................................................ 47
1.1.
Sursele de venit
....................................................................................................... 47
1.2.
Producţia de metal preţios. Retrageri din circulaţie
................................................ 64
1.3.
Ieşirile de metal preţios. Balanţe externe
................................................................ 76
1.4.
Neprăvăzute. Jarurile
.............................................................................................. 84
Cap.
II.
Producerea şi comercializarea obiectelor de podoabă
.............................................. 89
II.
1.
Locul bijuteriei în societate
................................................................................... 89
11.2. Meşteri şi bresle
..................................................................................................... 93
11.3. Plata manoperei
..................................................................................................... 108
11.4. Comercializarea produselor meşterilor argintari şi aurari
..................................... 112
Cap. III. Preţurile obiectelor de podoabă în secolele XVI-XVH
.......................................... 125
III.
1.
Podoabe pentru cap
.............................................................................................. 125
III.
1.1.
Coroane. Diademe. Cununi
.................................................................... 125
III.1.2. Surguciuri
............................................................................................... 138
III.
1.3.
Ace de păr sau maramă
.......................................................................... 142
III.
1.4.
Cercei
..................................................................................................... 147
111.2. Podoabe pentru gât
............................................................................................... 165
Ш.2.1.
Lanţuri şi coliere
.................................................................................... 165
III.2.2. Pandantive şi craci-pandantive
............................................................... 188
111.3. Podoabe pentru braţe
............................................................................................ 198
111.3.1.
Brăţări
..................................................................................................... 198
ΙΠ.3.2.
Inele
......................................................................................................... 209
Cap.
IV.
Preţurile accesoriilor vestimentare în secolele XVI-XVTI
..................................... 243
IV.l.Broşe.
Fibule
........................................................................................................ 243
IV.2. Nasturi. Copci
...................................................................................................... 247
IV.3. Centuri. Brâie. Paftale
.......................................................................................... 262
IVA
Aplice cu diverse funcţionalităţi
.......................................................................... 273
rv.5. Alte accesorii de veşmânt
.................................................................................... 282
rv.6. Pietrele preţioase şi semi-preţioase
...................................................................... 288
Cap.
V.
Evoluţia preţurilor produselor de orfevrărie
............................................................. 308
V.l.
Cupe
...................................................................................................................... 308
V.2.
Pahare
..........................................................................................:......................... 313
V.3.
Căni
........................................................................................................................ 316
V.4.
Cestì
...................................................................................................................... 317
V.5. Linguri. Talere
...................................................................................................... 318
V.6.
Solniţe
................................................................................................................... 319
V.7. Ligheane. Ulcioare
................................................................................................ 320
V.8. Sfeşnice
................................................................................................................. 320
V.9. Argintărie amestecată
............................................................................................ 321
V.10. Integrarea Ţărilor Române în fenomenul revoluţiei preţurilor
............................ 325
Concluzii
................................................................................................................................. 334
Bibliografie
.............................................................................................................................. 345
Anexe
....................................................................................................................................... 363
Glosar
...................................................................................................................................... 365
Anexă numismatică
................................................................................................................. 368
Anexă metrologică
................................................................................................................... 371
Abstract
................................................................................................................................... 372
Indice general
.......................................................................................................................... 377
ABSTRACT
Our research on jewels and their price emphasizes the idea that, at the highest
level of society and not only, there was a constant tendency to invest in jewels made of
precious metal. As we advance in the
XVI
century, especially in infra-Carpathian area,
the number of investments of such luxury grows. Also, the commercial balance sheets
registered for
Cluj
customs indicates, in the first part of
XVII
century, a deficit, which
translates into an important consumption of the Principality population. For extra-
Carpathian area the commercial environment favorable to cattle commerce for Cental
Europe leads also to a surplus of the balance sheet of income/expenses, on income part.
This existing situation (which will disappear after middle of
XVII
century) was creating a
bigger quantity of notes in circulation (including notes of high quality coming from the
large commerce made by aristocracy and rulers) and gave possibility for large amounts of
precious metal to be withdrawn from circulation. That means that there was a tendency,
reflected by the documents, of all those enriched to accumulate object made of precious
metal, either jewels or jewelry. These jewels made of precious metal represented a way of
accumulation, equal to a social representation form. The tend to invest, especially in
objects made of precious metal, is suggested also by the make-up of the monetary
treasure from
XVII
century, where golden coin is found only in a small quantity. On he
other hand, the examination of the large fortune of the rulers indicates that ^ preferred.the
transformation of the gold in jewels as it is a big value in a small volume For the
:
me
simplest way of saving up was in ducat necklaces
-g ™ ľp^essing
precio.
metals fact
«
artistic craftsmanship of some of those ^ -Jj ^
„ ,
workshops and of growmg number of requestfcr such
p
ЇЇ*Й Ж
^SľLr
iewe,s trough coin models
circulation at European level beyond the
^^А шиаИу
atrulers, aristocracy
A larger richness of fhejewek « ^^om.
і
change, peasants
or rich t^
ľople,
those being ^.^^^Z^^^^^ a
were wearing more modest jewels, made especially from bone, gi
373
much limited variety of jewels: buttons, necklaces and bracelets. In case of the town
people, there was an important difference regarding material possibilities between people
from extra-Carpathian area and Transylvanian town people. What made the difference,
between town funeral inventories and conventual s necropolis
,
where usually were
buried rulers or bourgeois, was not the type of pieces, but the quality of the material used,
the technique and the artistic processing. Made in majority in local workshops, jewels
designated to middle class were trying to imitate, as much as possible and in inferior
material, the decorative beauty of golden and silver jewels wear by wealthy people, some
of them made by occidental fashion.
In Transylvania also the habit of wearing such precious jewels was spread in
town areas, in the same rhythm with the development of crafts and commerce, as well as
with income increase made from such occupations, which allowed people to purchase
golden and silver jewels.
In general, only crowned rulers jewels closely followed the stylistic evolution
from the field, while the jewels worn by middle class people from Romanian area do not
register stylistic fluctuation of the fashion, maybe due to expensive and hard to provide
mould samples.
As it shows from the examination of majority inventories from epoch and from
archeological reports, rings were the most numerous from the jewels met among
bourgeois fortunes. Also, the chains occupied an important place within those fortune
accumulations, including at the level of crowned people. They are the most frequent
mentioned jewels within the fortune inventories for middle class bourgeois, mainly
because they did not necessary required precious stones, much more expensive.
The high price of some of the jewels made that wealthy people to afford
purchasing some exceptional products. In exchange, the little things, for example the
buttons from textile or rings from other materials then gold or silver, could have been
bought also by persons from urban or rural area with modest income. On the other hand,
elite from extra-Carpathian area used to purchase jewels from Transylvania or other
centers beyond Romanian borders, from Constantinople, Venice or from central Europe,
as well as from Poland (especially those from Moldavia were buying from Poland).
Transylvanian aristocracy and principle, any time they were going to Saxon craftsmen,
were bringing jewels from precious metal from central Europe
(
Vienna,
Kosice),
Poland,
and even from Constantinople (especially in
XVII
century) or from west Europe (France).
The price of those jewels vary depending on the material they were made of, the
presence of precious or semi-precious stones, but also on other aspects like: market
request or fashion development.
In our area, the cheapest jewelry objects of precious metal were the ones made of
silver, and the one appearing at the middle class level of aristocracy or at the merchants
from extra-Carpathian area. Among the gold jewels, the cheapest seem to be hair pins,
followed by belts, buckles, hooks, rings, signets and chains. Except for the hair pins, it is
all about jewels with no precious stones or pearls, or jewels decorated only with colored
glass. On the other hand, the jewelry which had one or more precious stones or pearls,
met a significant price increase due to quality of precious stones or pearls, but also to
manufacture fee. Elite was purchasing especially jewels with one or more diamonds, this
being the most valuable stone of the epoch.
374
Among the cheapest accessories for clothing were: golden or silver buttons.
In case of the chains orjpracelets made exclusively from gold, the prices for a
gram of precious metal can be compared with those for jewelry; a proof is the fact that
what was influencing price increase was exactly the value of the precious stones.
It can be appreciated that there was a growth of the price for processed precious
metal. This growth was some what less in case of jewelry products and a bit rise in case
of jewel objects made exclusively from precious metal, so without adding the fee for
processing the precious stones. Documents of goldsmith and silversmith trades from
Transylvania, those which could have been saved, indicate that the price for manufacture
was kept constantly the same during
XVI
century, at least for official rules. In exchange,
30%
growth of manufacture price for products of Transylvanian silversmiths, in
1625,
leads to a growth of the brand for processed precious metal, for jewelry and jewel objects.
The limited number of the population, especially of this part of the population
using precious metal jewels acted in the way of limiting the request for some of such
product.
On the other hand, it is possible that during crises situation, especially in those
dominated by wars, the appetite for such luxury products decreased. Anyway, in such
periods it must have been decreased the intensity of commercial relations with those area
from which Romanian rules were bringing jewelry or jewels.
Even though price growth seems to be higher for jewels objects and for clothing
accessories, compared to jewelry, but this growth still left behind to the other prices, due
to special situation had precious metals in the epoch, but also to the fact they were
designated only to a limited category of customers, a privileged group of buyers.
There is one observation needed to make: even though there is not an important
quantity of American silver received, and the towns from extra-Carpathian area do not
meet a big demographic development in the
XVI
century, the prices had, in Romanian
area from the second half of
XVI
century, the same movements as in the rest of Europe.
In the next century the price evolution for jewelry, where can be better followed, met
specific nuances for every region. Thus, extra-Carpathian area was more influenced by
the economic and monetary evolutions of ottoman economy, while Transylvania was
influenced, in the first part of the century, by the effects of the
30
years War.
The cause for high price for precious metal brand in Transylvania, compared with
neighborhood areas, can be probably looked into issues confronted here by the precious
metal mining, starting with the middle of the
XVI
century. In addition, it is noticed the
lack generated by the precious metal extracted outside the border, operation which
Transylvanian princes, in
XVII
century, tried to stop it.
Evolution of brand price for jewelry products slowed down in Transylvania after
the fourth decade of
XVII
century, while in neighborhood areas the growth seemed to
accelerate in this period, making the prices to be similar towards the half of the century.
This growth of the prices for precious metal brand processed can be connected to issues
confronted by precious ore mining in Slovakia (reflected by decrease registered by the
Storage Room from Kremnitz, at the beginning of
XVII
century). On the other hand, the
less rapid growth registered by Transylvanian jewelry products seem to indicate the fact
that politics for price limitation of Transylvanian princes, in the first half of
XVII
century,
was applied also to jewelry.
375
Regarding specific factors which could have been influenced the real growth of
jewelry objects, clothing accessories and jewelry pieces (beyond the monetary
devaluation reflected in the real price) we do not have too many information. We know,
on one hand, that starting with the first half of
XVI
century, in Transylvania, there was a
lack of precious metal, maybe due to competition generated by money coining; there are
registered complaints of craftsmen who were claiming they cannot work due to lack of
row material. Maybe with the same problems begun to confront with craftsmen from
Slovak and German centers, after the
30
years War started. This drawback of purchasing
precious material can be also a cause of real price fluctuation for jewelry products. In this
way we can see that, no mater the area they were working in, goldsmiths and silversmiths
from Transylvania and those from Central European areas confronted with the same
issues, at which they were answering by raising the products prices.
Beyond all those limits, we can still notice the existence of a market for precious
metals and jewels and jewelry products. This imperfect market was, of course, dominated
by
requesťoffer
game. So, considering that in
XVI
century precious metals were the first
international merchandise for real, we can say that the request for jewels from precious
stones and their circulation made, over the XVI-XVII centuries, one of the mechanisms
of Romanian area integration within circuits of European civilization and modernity.
|
| adam_txt |
CUPRÌNS
Cuprins
. 5
Cuvânt înainte
. 7
Lista abrevierilor
. 11
Introducere. Istoriografie şi izvoare
. 13
Cap.
I.
Resursele. Producţia de metal preţios
. 47
1.1.
Sursele de venit
. 47
1.2.
Producţia de metal preţios. Retrageri din circulaţie
. 64
1.3.
Ieşirile de metal preţios. Balanţe externe
. 76
1.4.
Neprăvăzute. Jarurile
. 84
Cap.
II.
Producerea şi comercializarea obiectelor de podoabă
. 89
II.
1.
Locul bijuteriei în societate
. 89
11.2. Meşteri şi bresle
. 93
11.3. Plata manoperei
. 108
11.4. Comercializarea produselor meşterilor argintari şi aurari
. 112
Cap. III. Preţurile obiectelor de podoabă în secolele XVI-XVH
. 125
III.
1.
Podoabe pentru cap
. 125
III.
1.1.
Coroane. Diademe. Cununi
. 125
III.1.2. Surguciuri
. 138
III.
1.3.
Ace de păr sau maramă
. 142
III.
1.4.
Cercei
. 147
111.2. Podoabe pentru gât
. 165
Ш.2.1.
Lanţuri şi coliere
. 165
III.2.2. Pandantive şi craci-pandantive
. 188
111.3. Podoabe pentru braţe
. 198
111.3.1.
Brăţări
. 198
ΙΠ.3.2.
Inele
. 209
Cap.
IV.
Preţurile accesoriilor vestimentare în secolele XVI-XVTI
. 243
IV.l.Broşe.
Fibule
. 243
IV.2. Nasturi. Copci
. 247
IV.3. Centuri. Brâie. Paftale
. 262
IVA
Aplice cu diverse funcţionalităţi
. 273
rv.5. Alte accesorii de veşmânt
. 282
rv.6. Pietrele preţioase şi semi-preţioase
. 288
Cap.
V.
Evoluţia preţurilor produselor de orfevrărie
. 308
V.l.
Cupe
. 308
V.2.
Pahare
.:. 313
V.3.
Căni
. 316
V.4.
Cestì
. 317
V.5. Linguri. Talere
. 318
V.6.
Solniţe
. 319
V.7. Ligheane. Ulcioare
. 320
V.8. Sfeşnice
. 320
V.9. Argintărie amestecată
. 321
V.10. Integrarea Ţărilor Române în fenomenul revoluţiei preţurilor
. 325
Concluzii
. 334
Bibliografie
. 345
Anexe
. 363
Glosar
. 365
Anexă numismatică
. 368
Anexă metrologică
. 371
Abstract
. 372
Indice general
. 377
ABSTRACT
Our research on jewels and their price emphasizes the idea that, at the highest
level of society and not only, there was a constant tendency to invest in jewels made of
precious metal. As we advance in the
XVI
century, especially in infra-Carpathian area,
the number of investments of such luxury grows. Also, the commercial balance sheets
registered for
Cluj
customs indicates, in the first part of
XVII
century, a deficit, which
translates into an important consumption of the Principality population. For extra-
Carpathian area the commercial environment favorable to cattle commerce for Cental
Europe leads also to a surplus of the balance sheet of income/expenses, on income part.
This existing situation (which will disappear after middle of
XVII
century) was creating a
bigger quantity of notes in circulation (including notes of high quality coming from the
large commerce made by aristocracy and rulers) and gave possibility for large amounts of
precious metal to be withdrawn from circulation. That means that there was a tendency,
reflected by the documents, of all those enriched to accumulate object made of precious
metal, either jewels or jewelry. These jewels made of precious metal represented a way of
accumulation, equal to a social representation form. The tend to invest, especially in
objects made of precious metal, is suggested also by the make-up of the monetary
treasure from
XVII
century, where golden coin is found only in a small quantity. On he
other hand, the examination of the large fortune of the rulers indicates that ^ preferred.the
transformation of the gold in jewels as it is a big value in a small volume For the
:
me
simplest way of saving up was in ducat necklaces
-g ™ ľp^essing
precio.
metals fact
«
artistic craftsmanship of some of those ^ -Jj ^
„ ,
workshops and of growmg number of requestfcr such
p
ЇЇ*Й Ж
^SľLr
iewe,s trough coin models
circulation at European level beyond the
^^А'шиаИу
atrulers, aristocracy
A larger richness of fhejewek «'^^om.
і
change, peasants
or rich t^
ľople,
those being ^.^^^Z^^^^^ a
were wearing more modest jewels, made especially from bone, gi
373
much limited variety of jewels: buttons, necklaces and bracelets. In case of the town
people, there was an important difference regarding material possibilities between people
from extra-Carpathian area and Transylvanian town people. What made the difference,
between town funeral inventories and conventual's necropolis
,
where usually were
buried rulers or bourgeois, was not the type of pieces, but the quality of the material used,
the technique and the artistic processing. Made in majority in local workshops, jewels
designated to middle class were trying to imitate, as much as possible and in inferior
material, the decorative beauty of golden and silver jewels wear by wealthy people, some
of them made by occidental fashion.
In Transylvania also the habit of wearing such precious jewels was spread in
town areas, in the same rhythm with the development of crafts and commerce, as well as
with income increase made from such occupations, which allowed people to purchase
golden and silver jewels.
In general, only crowned rulers' jewels closely followed the stylistic evolution
from the field, while the jewels worn by middle class people from Romanian area do not
register stylistic fluctuation of the fashion, maybe due to expensive and hard to provide
mould samples.
As it shows from the examination of majority inventories from epoch and from
archeological reports, rings were the most numerous from the jewels met among
bourgeois fortunes. Also, the chains occupied an important place within those fortune
accumulations, including at the level of crowned people. They are the most frequent
mentioned jewels within the fortune inventories for middle class bourgeois, mainly
because they did not necessary required precious stones, much more expensive.
The high price of some of the jewels made that wealthy people to afford
purchasing some exceptional products. In exchange, the little things, for example the
buttons from textile or rings from other materials then gold or silver, could have been
bought also by persons from urban or rural area with modest income. On the other hand,
elite from extra-Carpathian area used to purchase jewels from Transylvania or other
centers beyond Romanian borders, from Constantinople, Venice or from central Europe,
as well as from Poland (especially those from Moldavia were buying from Poland).
Transylvanian aristocracy and principle, any time they were going to Saxon craftsmen,
were bringing jewels from precious metal from central Europe
(
Vienna,
Kosice),
Poland,
and even from Constantinople (especially in
XVII
century) or from west Europe (France).
The price of those jewels vary depending on the material they were made of, the
presence of precious or semi-precious stones, but also on other aspects like: market
request or fashion development.
In our area, the cheapest jewelry objects of precious metal were the ones made of
silver, and the one appearing at the middle class level of aristocracy or at the merchants
from extra-Carpathian area. Among the gold jewels, the cheapest seem to be hair pins,
followed by belts, buckles, hooks, rings, signets and chains. Except for the hair pins, it is
all about jewels with no precious stones or pearls, or jewels decorated only with colored
glass. On the other hand, the jewelry which had one or more precious stones or pearls,
met a significant price increase due to quality of precious stones or pearls, but also to
manufacture fee. Elite was purchasing especially jewels with one or more diamonds, this
being the most valuable stone of the epoch.
374
Among the cheapest accessories for clothing were: golden or silver buttons.
In case of the chains orjpracelets made exclusively from gold, the prices for a
gram of precious metal can be compared with those for jewelry; a proof is the fact that
what was influencing price increase was exactly the value of the precious stones.
It can be appreciated that there was a growth of the price for processed precious
metal. This growth was some what less in case of jewelry products and a bit rise in case
of jewel objects made exclusively from precious metal, so without adding the fee for
processing the precious stones. Documents of goldsmith and silversmith trades from
Transylvania, those which could have been saved, indicate that the price for manufacture
was kept constantly the same during
XVI
century, at least for official rules. In exchange,
30%
growth of manufacture price for products of Transylvanian silversmiths, in
1625,
leads to a growth of the brand for processed precious metal, for jewelry and jewel objects.
The limited number of the population, especially of this part of the population
using precious metal jewels acted in the way of limiting the request for some of such
product.
On the other hand, it is possible that during crises situation, especially in those
dominated by wars, the appetite for such luxury products decreased. Anyway, in such
periods it must have been decreased the intensity of commercial relations with those area
from which Romanian rules were bringing jewelry or jewels.
Even though price growth seems to be higher for jewels objects and for clothing
accessories, compared to jewelry, but this growth still left behind to the other prices, due
to special situation had precious metals in the epoch, but also to the fact they were
designated only to a limited category of customers, a privileged group of buyers.
There is one observation needed to make: even though there is not an important
quantity of American silver received, and the towns from extra-Carpathian area do not
meet a big demographic development in the
XVI
century, the prices had, in Romanian
area from the second half of
XVI
century, the same movements as in the rest of Europe.
In the next century the price evolution for jewelry, where can be better followed, met
specific nuances for every region. Thus, extra-Carpathian area was more influenced by
the economic and monetary evolutions of ottoman economy, while Transylvania was
influenced, in the first part of the century, by the effects of the
30
years War.
The cause for high price for precious metal brand in Transylvania, compared with
neighborhood areas, can be probably looked into issues confronted here by the precious
metal mining, starting with the middle of the
XVI
century. In addition, it is noticed the
lack generated by the precious metal extracted outside the border, operation which
Transylvanian princes, in
XVII
century, tried to stop it.
Evolution of brand price for jewelry products slowed down in Transylvania after
the fourth decade of
XVII
century, while in neighborhood areas the growth seemed to
accelerate in this period, making the prices to be similar towards the half of the century.
This growth of the prices for precious metal brand processed can be connected to issues
confronted by precious ore mining in Slovakia (reflected by decrease registered by the
Storage Room from Kremnitz, at the beginning of
XVII
century). On the other hand, the
less rapid growth registered by Transylvanian jewelry products seem to indicate the fact
that politics for price limitation of Transylvanian princes, in the first half of
XVII
century,
was applied also to jewelry.
375
Regarding specific factors which could have been influenced the real growth of
jewelry objects, clothing accessories and jewelry pieces (beyond the monetary
devaluation reflected in the real price) we do not have too many information. We know,
on one hand, that starting with the first half of
XVI
century, in Transylvania, there was a
lack of precious metal, maybe due to competition generated by money coining; there are
registered complaints of craftsmen who were claiming they cannot work due to lack of
row material. Maybe with the same problems begun to confront with craftsmen from
Slovak and German centers, after the
30
years War started. This drawback of purchasing
precious material can be also a cause of real price fluctuation for jewelry products. In this
way we can see that, no mater the area they were working in, goldsmiths and silversmiths
from Transylvania and those from Central European areas confronted with the same
issues, at which they were answering by raising the products' prices.
Beyond all those limits, we can still notice the existence of a market for precious
metals and jewels and jewelry products. This imperfect market was, of course, dominated
by
requesťoffer
game. So, considering that in
XVI
century precious metals were the first
international merchandise for real, we can say that the request for jewels from precious
stones and their circulation made, over the XVI-XVII centuries, one of the mechanisms
of Romanian area integration within circuits of European civilization and modernity. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Niţu, Florentina |
| author_facet | Niţu, Florentina |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Niţu, Florentina |
| author_variant | f n fn |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022533855 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)237136382 (DE-599)BVBBV022533855 |
| era | Geschichte 1500-1700 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1500-1700 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rumänien |
| id | DE-604.BV022533855 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:07:35Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:59:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9737371143 |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015740392 |
| oclc_num | 237136382 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 397 S. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Ed. Unvi. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Niţu, Florentina Verfasser aut Preţuri de podoabe şi orfevrărie din metal preţios în spaţiul românesc (secolele XVI - XVII) Florentina Niţu Bucureşti Ed. Unvi. 2006 397 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1500-1700 gnd rswk-swf Edelmetall (DE-588)4013531-7 gnd rswk-swf Schmuck (DE-588)4052945-9 gnd rswk-swf Wert (DE-588)4065654-8 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Edelmetall (DE-588)4013531-7 s Schmuck (DE-588)4052945-9 s Wert (DE-588)4065654-8 s Geschichte 1500-1700 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015740392&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015740392&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Niţu, Florentina Preţuri de podoabe şi orfevrărie din metal preţios în spaţiul românesc (secolele XVI - XVII) Edelmetall (DE-588)4013531-7 gnd Schmuck (DE-588)4052945-9 gnd Wert (DE-588)4065654-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4013531-7 (DE-588)4052945-9 (DE-588)4065654-8 (DE-588)4050939-4 |
| title | Preţuri de podoabe şi orfevrărie din metal preţios în spaţiul românesc (secolele XVI - XVII) |
| title_auth | Preţuri de podoabe şi orfevrărie din metal preţios în spaţiul românesc (secolele XVI - XVII) |
| title_exact_search | Preţuri de podoabe şi orfevrărie din metal preţios în spaţiul românesc (secolele XVI - XVII) |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Preţuri de podoabe şi orfevrărie din metal preţios în spaţiul românesc (secolele XVI - XVII) |
| title_full | Preţuri de podoabe şi orfevrărie din metal preţios în spaţiul românesc (secolele XVI - XVII) Florentina Niţu |
| title_fullStr | Preţuri de podoabe şi orfevrărie din metal preţios în spaţiul românesc (secolele XVI - XVII) Florentina Niţu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preţuri de podoabe şi orfevrărie din metal preţios în spaţiul românesc (secolele XVI - XVII) Florentina Niţu |
| title_short | Preţuri de podoabe şi orfevrărie din metal preţios în spaţiul românesc |
| title_sort | preturi de podoabe si orfevrarie din metal pretios in spatiul romanesc secolele xvi xvii |
| title_sub | (secolele XVI - XVII) |
| topic | Edelmetall (DE-588)4013531-7 gnd Schmuck (DE-588)4052945-9 gnd Wert (DE-588)4065654-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Edelmetall Schmuck Wert Rumänien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015740392&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015740392&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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