Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party: a Comparative Analysis of the Constitutionalisation of Contract Law, with Emphasis on Risky Financial Transactions
Recoge : I. The relations between fundamental rights and private law against the background of the public/private divide. -- II. The protection of the weaker party against risky financial transactions by means of fundamental rights. Synthesis and assessment.
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| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
München
Sellier European Law Publishers
2007
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Schriften zur Europäischen Rechtswissenschaft
5 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Zusammenfassung: | Recoge : I. The relations between fundamental rights and private law against the background of the public/private divide. -- II. The protection of the weaker party against risky financial transactions by means of fundamental rights. Synthesis and assessment. |
| Beschreibung: | XXVI, 629 S. |
| ISBN: | 9783866530430 3866530439 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
Table
of contents
Prefoce
v
List of abbreviations
XXI
Parti
Introduction
ι
Chapter I
Introduction
1
.1
The origin of the present study
1.1.1
Different solutions to the same problem
3
1.1.2
Two tendencies in modern contract law
4
1.1.2.1
Towards the constitutionalisation of contract law
5
1.1.2.2
Towards a more society-oriented contract law
8
1.2
Purpose and issue definition
11
1
.3
Delimitation of the research
14
1
.4
Methodology
16
1
.5
Structure
18
Part II
The relationship between fundamental rights and private
law against the background of the public/private divide
21
Chapter
2
The public/private divide and its role today
2.
1 Introduction
2.1.1
General
23
2.1.2
The roots of the distinction between public and private law
23
2.1.3
The primacy of private law
25
VIII fundamentai
Rights,
Contract
Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
2.1.4
Modern challenges to the distinction
25
2.1.5
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
26
2.2
Characteristics of private law
2.2.1
Private parties as subjects involved in a legal relationship
27
2.2.2
Protection of private interests
29
2.2.3
The horizontal and dispositive character of rules
31
2.2.4
Enforcement according to private initiative and by
means of special tools
33
2.2.5
Corrective justice
36
2.2.5.1
Perplexities concerning the divide between corrective and
distributive justice
36
2.2.5.2
The distinctive feature of corrective justice according
to Aristotle
38
2.2.5.3
Private law as the domain of corrective justice?
40
2.2.5.3.1
The connection between corrective justice and private law
40
2.2.5.3.2
Contract law: still the domain of corrective justice?
42
2.2.5.3.3
The growing role of distributive justice in other fields of
private law
45
2.2.5.3.4
Example: constitutional values as a source of distributive
justice in tort law
45
2.3
Rationale of the distinction between public and private law
49
2.4
Synthesis and conclusion
55
Chapter
3
Fundamental rights and private law: a relationship of
subordination or complementarity?
3.1
Introduction
3.1.1
General
57
3.1.2
From the traditional to the modern role of fundamental
rights in private law
57
3.1.3
Subordination/complementarity
59
3.1.4
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
61
3.2
German law
3.2.1
Introduction
63
3.2.2
The rise of the theory of 'indirect effect' as a foundation
for the application of fundamental rights in private law
65
3.2.2.1
The
Luth
case
65
Table
of contents
ÍX
3.2.2.2
The two extremes: 'direct effect' versus 'no effect'
66
3.2.2.3
An in-between solution
-
the theory of 'indirect effect'
69
3.2.2.4
Autonomy of private law as a rationale behind the theory
of'indirect effect': a logical point or a paradox?
71
3.2.2.4.1
Introduction
71
3.2.2.4-2
Constitutional rights as an overarching system of values and
private law in the theory of
Lüth:
subordination or
complementarity?
72
3.2.2.4.2.1
The limits to the new function of constitutional rights
in private law
72
3.2.2.4.2.2
The new tasks of the private law courts
75
3.2.2.4.2.3
Complementarity as a starting point
77
3.2.2.4.3
Control by the Federal Constitutional Court over decisions
of the private law courts: deference or over-review?
78
3.2.2.4.3.1
The Federal Constitutional Court's role under the
doctrine of
Lüth 78
3.2.2.4-3.2
Deference in the case law of the Federal Constitutional
Court:
Mephisto 80
3.2.2.4.3.3
'Over-review' in the case law of the Federal Constitutional
Court:
Deutschland Magazin 82
3.2.2.4.3.4
A serious 'invasion' of a constitutional right as justification
for 'over-review'? Parabohntenne
84
3.2.2.4.3.5
The Federal Constitutional Court's possibilities for
intervention within the ambit of private law
86
3.2.2.4-4
More a paradox or a logical point?
87
3.2.3
The rise of 'State duties to protect constitutional rights'
-
a new foundation for the effect of fundamental rights in
private law?
89
3.2.3.1
The
Handelsvertreter
case
89
3.2.3.2
The concept of 'State duties to protect constitutional rights'
and its meaning for private law
92
3.2.3.3
The role of private law under the theory of 'State duties to
protect constitutional rights'
96
3.2.3.4
Control functions of the Federal Constitutional Court under
the theory of 'State duties to protect constitutional rights'
99
3.2.3.5
The relationship between the theory of 'indirect effect' and
the theory of 'State duties to protect constitutional rights'
103
3.2.3.5.1
Introduction
103
3.2.3.5.2
The view of
Canaris
104
3.2.3.5.3
The position of the Constitutional Court
106
3.2.3.5.4
Other views in the literature
107
3.2.3.5.4.1
No farewell to the theory of'indirect effect'
107
3.2.3.5.4.2
Farewell to the theory of'indirect effect'
108
3.2.3.5 A3
Transformation of 'indirect effect' into 'direct effect'
110
Fundamentai
Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
Parallel existence or mutual exclusion?
11
1
Synthesis and conclusion
1 14
Dutch law
Introduction
115
The issue of the 'horizontal effect' of fundamental rights
during the Constitutional Reform of
1983 ! 17
The prevailing approach in the case law
119
Dispensing with dogmatic problems
119
Direct horizontal effect
122
Explicit indirect horizontal effect
124
Implicit indirect horizontal effect
125
The role of fundamental rights in private law: synthesis
126
The recognition of the general right to personality in
Dutch law: towards a new approach to the effect of
fundamental rights between private parties?
128
The
Valkenhorst
case
128
The general right to personality as a common denominator
for public and private law: the view of Nieuwenhuis
129
Support in the case law?
132
Synthesis and conclusion
J
34
English law
Introduction
135
The issue of the horizontal effect of human rights in the
text and legislative history of the Human Rights Act
137
3.4.3
The effect of the Human Rights Act from a doctrinal
point of view
140
3.4.3.1
'No effect'
140
3.4.3.2
'Direct horizontal effect'
141
3.4.3.3
'Strong indirect horizontal effect'
142
3.4.3.4
'Weak indirect horizontal effect'
144
3.4.4
The approach of the courts
145
3.4.4.1
Introduction
145
3.4.4.2
The position of the courts before the entry into force of
the Human Rights Act
146
3.4.4.3
The position of the courts in cases involving legislation:
Ashdown, Wihon and Copsey 147
3.4.4.4
The position of the courts in cases involving common law:
privacy cases
j
52
3.4-4-5
Towards a'weak indirect horizontal effect'?
157
3.4.5
Synthesis and conclusion J59
3.5
Synthesis and final conclusion
¡60
3.2.3.
5.5
3.2.4
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.3.
1
3.3.3.
.2
3.3.3.
.3
3.3.3,
.4
3.3.3.
.5
3.3.4
3.3.4
.1
3.3.4
.2
3.3.4.3
3.3.5
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
Table of
contents
XI
Chapter
4
The impact of European fundamental rights and freedoms on
the relationship between fundamental rights and private law in
national legal systems
4.1
Introduction
4.1.1
General
163
4.1.2
The importance of the supranational dimension
і
63
4.1.3
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
164
42
European Convention on Human Rights
166
4.2.1
Introduction
166
4.2.2
The horizontal effect of the ECHR through the 'positive
obligation of the State'
í
68
4.2.3
Horizontal effect through a fundamental rights review of
national court decisions in private litigation?
173
4.2.4
The importance of the 'margin of appreciation' in
cases (potentially) involving horizontal effect
179
4.2.5
The ECtHR's approach to the 'margin of appreciation'
in cases (potentially) involving horizontal effect in practice
183
4.2.6
Synthesis and conclusion
189
4.3
EU
law
4.3.1
Introduction
191
4.3.2
The effect of EC freedoms in private law
193
4.3.2.1
The position of EC freedoms in EC law and national
private law
193
4.3.2.2
Direct horizontal effect of EC freedoms
197
4.3.2.3
State duties to protect EC freedoms in private law?
200
4.3.2.4
EC freedoms and the general principle of private autonomy
202
4.3.3
The effect of
EU
fundamental rights in private law
204
4.3.3.1
The special character of the protection of fundamental
rights in
EU
law
204
4.3.3.2
Possibilities for the effect of
EU
fundamental rights in
private law under the present state of the case law of
the ECJ
206
4.3.3.2.1
Fundamental rights review of EC legislation
206
4.3.3.2.2
Review of the Member States' measures for compliance
with EC legislation which reflects fundamental rights
207
4-3.3.2.3
Fundamental rights review of the Member States' measures
which implement Community law
208
4.3.3.2.4
Fundamental rights review of the Member States' measures
which derogate from Community law
208
Xli Fundamental
Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
4.3.3.2.5 EU
fundamental rights as a justification for the
Member States' restrictions on EC freedoms
209
4.3.3.2.6
The 'alignment' between
EU
fundamental rights and
private law: how far is the ECJ prepared to go?
212
4.3.3.3
Potential possibilities for the effect of
EU
fundamental
rights in private law
215
4.3.3.3.1 EU
fundamental rights as a source of strong persuasive
authority in the Member States
215
4.3.3.3.2
The right to
'civis europeus
sum' in every Member State?
216
4.3.4
EC freedoms versus
EU
fundamental rights in a private
law context: implications for private law
218
4.3.5
Synthesis and conclusion 22J
4.4
Synthesis and final conclusion
224
Partili
The issue of the protection of the weaker party
against risky financial transactions in fundamental
rights law and contract law
229
Chapter
5
The protection of the weaker party against risky financial
transactions by means of fundamental rights
5.1
Introduction
5.1.1
General
231
5.1.2
The importance of the decision of the German
Constitutional Court in the
Burgschaft
case
232
5.1.3
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
233
5.2
The idea behind resorting to fundamental rights in
contract law: the
Bürgschaft
case
234
5.2.1
The facts of the case
234
5.2.2
The decisions of the private law courts
235
5.2.3
The decision of the Federal Constitutional Court
236
5.3
The interests protected by fundamental rights
5.3.1
Introduction
241
5.3.2
The German constitution
242
5.3.2.1
The
Bürgschaft
case: the conflict between two meanings
of freedom of contract on the basis of the constitutional
right to free development of one's personality and the
principle of the social state
242
Table
of
contents
XIII
5.3.2.2
Other potentially relevant constitutional rights and
principles in cases involving risky financial transactions
247
5.3.2.2.1
Human dignity
248
5.3.2.2.2
The general right to personality
253
5.3.2.2.3
The right to marriage and family life
256
5.3.3
The Dutch Constitution
257
5.3.4
The European Convention on Human Rights
260
5.3.5
The Constitution for Europe
263
5.3.6
Fundamental rights as a double-edged sword
265
5.4
Competition between fundamental rights
5.4.1
The importance of the issue in the context of risky
financial transactions
266
5.4.2
Solutions to the problem of competing constitutional
rights in German constitutional law
268
5.4.3
Constitutional law solutions and the problem of
competition between fundamental rights in the context
of risky financial transactions
269
5.5
Resolving the conflicts between fundamental rights
5.5.1
Perplexities concerning the issue
272
5.5.1.1
General
272
5.5.1.2
The absence of a hierarchy between fundamental rights
272
5.5.1.3
The difficulty of establishing the content of 'absolute'
fundamental principles: the case of human dignity
275
5.5.2
The methods of resolving the conflicts between
fundamental rights in private law disputes between
private parties
275
5.5.2.1
Resolving conflicts between constitutional rights under the
theory of 'indirect effect'
275
5.5.2.2
Resolving conflicts between constitutional rights under the
theory of 'State duties to protect constitutional rights'
278
5.5.3
Striking a balance between the right to private
autonomy and the right to private autonomy in conjunction
with the principle of the social state in
Bürgschaft
28І
5.5.3.1
An outcome of the balancing
-
a directive
281
5.5.3.2
Uncertainties surrounding the meaning of the directive
283
5.5.3.2.1
The notion of 'structural inequality in bargaining power'
and contract law
283
5.5.3.2.2
The scope of the protection of the weaker party against
risky financial transactions
285
5.5
A Contractual justice in cases involving risky financial
transactions and the balancing between fundamental rights
287
XIV Fundamentai
Rights,
Contract
Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
5.6
The implications of the protection of the weaker party by
means of fundamental rights for the relationship between
fundamental rights and contract law
5.6.1
The need for a clear differentiation between the kinds of
horizontal effect in contract law
289
5.6.2
Direct horizontal effect
29Í
5.6.3
Strong indirect horizontal effect
293
5.6.4
Weak indirect horizontal effect
295
5.6.5
The kind of relationship between fundamental rights and
contract law and the problems of competition and striking
a balance between fundamental rights
297
5.7
Synthesis and final conclusion
298
Chapter
6
The protection of family members against suretyships by
means of contract law
6.1
Introduction
6.1.1
General
301
6.1.2
Peculiarities of the suretyship contract
302
6.1.3
The problem of an 'emotionally transmitted debt'
303
6.1.4
A purely national law matter
304
6.1.5
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
305
6.2
German law
306
6.2.1
Introduction
306
6.2.2
The approach to suretyships by family members before
the
1993
decision of the Constitutional Court in
Bürgschaft 307
6.2.3
The approach to suretyships by family members after the
1993
decision of the constitutional court in
Bürgschaft 309
6.2.3.1
The struggle between the
9*
and
1
1th Senate of the
Supreme Court
309
6.2.3.2
The current approach to suretyship contracts beyond the
family sureties' ability to pay
3
¡
3
6.2.3.2.1
Gross disproportionality
315
6.2.3.2.2
A close emotional relationship with the principal debtor
318
6.2.3.2.3
Rebutting the presumption of immorality by the creditor
318
6.2.3.3
The current approach to 'well-off family sureties
320
6.2
A The character and scope of the protection of (potential)
family sureties
324
6.2.5
Synthesis and conclusion
329
Table of
contents
XV
6.3
Dutch law
6.3.1
Introduction
331
6.3.2
The Van Lanschot v.
Moeder Bink
case: protecting family
sureties by means of duties to inform
332
6.3.2.1
The facts of the case and the decision of the Supreme Court
332
6.3.2.2
The scope of the duty to inform
334
6.3.3
The character and scope of the protection of (potential)
family sureties
335
6.3.4
Synthesis and conclusion
337
6.4
English law
6.4.1
Introduction
339
6.4.2
Pre-O'Brien responses
340
6.4.2.1
'Agency'theory
340
6.4.2.2
'Special equity' theory
340
6.4.2.3
The doctrine of'notice'
341
6.4.3
The O'Brien case: the creditor on constructive notice
341
6.4.3.1
The facts of the case and the decision of the House of Lords
341
6.4.3.2
Policy considerations
342
6.4.3.3
The meaning of the doctrine of notice
343
6.4.3.4
The application of the principle of constructive notice
344
6.4.3.4.1
The existence of a legal wrong
345
6.4.3.4.2
When a creditor is put on inquiry
346
6.4.3.4.3
The 'reasonable steps' to be taken by the creditor
346
6.4.3.5
Criticism of the O'Brien approach
347
6.4-4
The Etridge case: refining the application of the principle
of constructive notice
349
6.4.4.I Background and importance of Etridge
349
6.4-4.2
Novelties of Etridge
351
6.4.4.2.1 The existence of a legal wrong
351
6.4.4.2.2
When a creditor is put on inquiry
352
6.4.4.2.3
The 'reasonable steps' to be taken by the creditor
353
6.4.4.2.4
The reasonable steps to be taken by the solicitor
355
6.4.5
the character and scope of the protection of (potential)
family sureties
358
6.4.6
Synthesis and conclusion
360
6.5
Synthesis and final conclusion
36І
7.1
7.1.
1
7.1.
2
7.1.
3
7.1.
4
7.2
7.2.
.1
7.2
.2
7.2
.3
7.2
.3.1
7.2
.3.2
7.2
.3.3
7.2
.4
XVI
Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
Chapter
7
The protection of investors against risky investment transactions
in the execution-only relationship by means of contract law
Introduction
General
365
Types of investment services
366
Peculiarities of the execution-only relationship
367
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
368
EC law
Introduction
372
The conduct of business rules under the ISD I
373
The conduct of business rules under the ISD II
ì75
The loyalty principle
376
The informed consent principle
377
The 'know your customer' principle
378
The character and scope of investor protection in the
execution-only relationship
382
7.2.5
Synthesis and conclusion
384
7.3
German law
7.3.1
Introduction
386
7.3.2
The relationship between contract law and the conduct of
business rules
389
7.3.3
The duties of care in the execution-only relationship under
contract law
391
7.3.4
The conduct of business rules and the extent of their
application in the execution-only relationship
393
7.3.4.1
The general duty of loyalty
393
7.3.4.2
The duty to know one's customer
396
7.3.4.3
The duty to inform one's customer
399
7.3.5
The character and scope of investor protection in the
execution-only relationship
404
7-3.6
Synthesis and conclusion
406
7.4
Dutch law
7.4.1
Introduction
408
7.4.2
The relationship between contract law and the conduct of
business rules
411
7.4.3
The duties of care in the execution-only relationship under
contract law: Kowvenbergv.
Rabobank
414
7.4.4
The conduct of business rules and the scope of their
application in the execution-only relationship
420
Table
oj
contents
XVII
7.4.4.I The general duty of loyalty
421
7.4-4.2
The duty to check the customer's'room for expenditures'
421
7.4.4.3
The duty to check the compliance of the customer's
transactions with margin requirements
423
7.4.4.4
The duty to make a customer profile
425
7.4-4.5
The duty to inform one's customer
427
7.4-5
The character and scope of investor protection in the
execution-only relationship
430
7.4-6
Synthesis and conclusion
433
7.5
English law
7.5.1
Introduction
435
7.5.2
The relationship between common law and the conduct of
business rules
437
7.5.3
The duties of care in the execution-only relationship under
common law
441
7.5.4
The conduct of business rules in the execution-only
relationship
443
7.5.4.1 The duty to check the compliance of the customer's
transactions with margin requirements
445
7.5.4.2
The duty to know one's customer and the duty to ensure
the suitability of one's recommendation or a discretionary
decision for the customer
446
7.5.4.3
The duty to ensure clear, fair and non-misleading
communication
447
7.5.4.4
The duty of disclosure
448
7.5.4.5
The duty to ensure the customer's understanding of the risks
449
7.5.5
The character and scope of investor protection in the
execution-only relationship
451
7.5.6
Synthesis and conclusion
452
7.6
Synthesis and final conclusion
454
Chapter
8
The protection of investors against risky investment transactions
in the advisory relationship by means of contract law
8.1
Introduction
8.1.1
General
459
8.1.2
Peculiarities of the advisory relationship
460
8.1.3
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
461
XVIIÍ
Fundamental
Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
8.2
EC law
8.2.1
Introduction
462
8.2.2
The conduct of business rules under the ISD II
463
8.2.2.1
The loyalty principle
463
8.2.2.2
The informed consent principle
464
8.2.2.3
The 'know your customer' ptinciple
465
8.2.3
The character and scope of investor protection in the
advisory relationship
468
8.2.4
Synthesis and conclusion
469
8.3
German law
8.3.1
Introduction
470
8.3.2
The duties of care in the advisory relationship under
contract law: Bond
471
8.3.3
The conduct of business rules in the advisory relationship
476
8.3.3.1
The general duty of loyalty
476
8.3.3.2
The duty to know one's customer
479
8.3.3.3
The duty to inform one's customer
481
8.3.4
The character and scope of investor protection in the
advisory relationship
483
8.3.5
Synthesis and conclusion
485
8.4
Dutch law
8.4.1
Introduction
487
8.4.2
The duties of care in the advisory relationship under
contract law: Kouwenberg v.
Rabobank
489
8.4.3
The conduct of business rules in the advisory relationship
494
8.4.3.1
The general duty of loyalty
495
8.4.3.2
The duty to check the customer's 'room for expenditures'
496
8.4.3.3
The duty to check the compliance of the customer's
transactions with margin requirements
497
8.4.3.4
The duty to make a customer profile
499
8.4.3.5
The duty to inform
503
8.4.4
The character and scope of investor protection in the
advisory relationship
506
8.4.5
Synthesis and conclusion
509
English law
Introduction 5j]
The duties of care in the advisory relationship
under common law
5
1
2
The conduct of business rules in the advisory relationship
517
The duty to check the compliance of the customer's
transactions with margin requirements
519
8.5
8.5.1
8.5.
.2
8.5.
.3
8.5.
.3.1
Table
of
contents
XIX
8.5.3.2
The duty to know one's customer and the duty to ensure the
suitability of one's recommendation for the customer
520
8.5.3.3
The duty to ensure clear, fair and non-misleading
communication
524
8.5.3.4
The duty of disclosure
525
8.5.3.5
The duty to ensure the customer's understanding of the risks
527
8.5.4
The character and scope of investor protection in the
advisory relationship
530
8.5.5
Synthesis and conclusion
531
8.6
Synthesis and final conclusion
533
Part IV
Synthesis and assessment
537
Chapter
9
Towards a complementary relationship between
fundamental rights and contract law
9.1
Introduction
9.1.1
General
539
9.1.2
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
540
9.2
The relationship between fundamental rights and
contract law in light of the distinction between
public and private law
541
9.2.1
Tensions between the tendency towards the subordination
of private law to fundamental rights and the tendency
towards complementarity between the two
541
9.2.2
The need for further differentiation between the kinds of
horizontal effect of fundamental rights in contract law
544
9.2.2.1
Direct horizontal effect
545
9.2.2.2
Strong indirect horizontal effect
546
9.2.2.3
Weak indirect horizontal effect
546
9.2.3
Public/private distinction as a substantive argument against
the subordination of contract law to fundamental rights
547
9.3
The relationship between fundamental rights and
contract law in light of the practical need to protect
the weaker party
9.3.1
Perplexities concerning the subordination of
contract law to fundamental rights
549
XX
Fundamenta/
Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
9.3.2
Is there
а
practical need for the subordination of
contract law to fundamental rights with a view to
protecting the weaker party?
553
9.3.3
Should the protection of the weaker party in
Europe be harmonized through the horizontal effect of
EU
fundamental rights?
557
9.4
The plea for a complementary relationship between
fundamental rights and contract law
9.4.1
The importance of contract law for the protection of the
weaker party
560
9.4.2
The role of fundamental rights in modern contract law:
towards the weak indirect horizontal effect
564
9.4.3
Fundamental rights and the conduct of business rules
569
9.4.4
The role of the national constitutional courts, the ECtHR
and the EC] in securing complementarity between
fundamental rights and contract law
570
9.5
Final remarks
573
Bibliography
577
Table of Cases
609
Index
621
Curriculum
vitae 63i
Originally, contract law was considered to be immune from the effect of
fundamental rights, the function of which was limited to being individual
defences against the vigilant eye of the state. This traditional view,
however, has recently been put under pressure as a result of fundamental
rights increasingly becoming relevant for contract law. In the first place,
this book discusses the relationship between fundamental rights and
private law in general in Germany, the Netherlands and the UK. as well
as in
EU
law and the law of the ECHR. against the background of the
underlying rationale for the distinction between public and private law as
it has developed on the continent. Secondly, the book examines whether
and. if so, how the interests of the weaker party can be protected on the
level of fundamental rights, and contract law. The final part of this book
builds upon the insights and conclusions drawn from the theoretical and
practical perspectives to develop recommendations regarding the desirable
extent of the constitutionalisation of contract law. |
| adam_txt |
Table
of contents
Prefoce
v
List of abbreviations
XXI
Parti
Introduction
ι
Chapter I
Introduction
1
.1
The origin of the present study
1.1.1
Different solutions to the same problem
3
1.1.2
Two tendencies in modern contract law
4
1.1.2.1
Towards the constitutionalisation of contract law
5
1.1.2.2
Towards a more society-oriented contract law
8
1.2
Purpose and issue definition
11
1
.3
Delimitation of the research
14
1
.4
Methodology
16
1
.5
Structure
18
Part II
The relationship between fundamental rights and private
law against the background of the public/private divide
21
Chapter
2
The public/private divide and its role today
2.
1 Introduction
2.1.1
General
23
2.1.2
The roots of the distinction between public and private law
23
2.1.3
The primacy of private law
25
VIII fundamentai
Rights,
Contract
Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
2.1.4
Modern challenges to the distinction
25
2.1.5
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
26
2.2
Characteristics of private law
2.2.1
Private parties as subjects involved in a legal relationship
27
2.2.2
Protection of private interests
29
2.2.3
The horizontal and dispositive character of rules
31
2.2.4
Enforcement according to private initiative and by
means of special tools
33
2.2.5
Corrective justice
36
2.2.5.1
Perplexities concerning the divide between corrective and
distributive justice
36
2.2.5.2
The distinctive feature of corrective justice according
to Aristotle
38
2.2.5.3
Private law as the domain of corrective justice?
40
2.2.5.3.1
The connection between corrective justice and private law
40
2.2.5.3.2
Contract law: still the domain of corrective justice?
42
2.2.5.3.3
The growing role of distributive justice in other fields of
private law
45
2.2.5.3.4
Example: constitutional values as a source of distributive
justice in tort law
45
2.3
Rationale of the distinction between public and private law
49
2.4
Synthesis and conclusion
55
Chapter
3
Fundamental rights and private law: a relationship of
subordination or complementarity?
3.1
Introduction
3.1.1
General
57
3.1.2
From the traditional to the modern role of fundamental
rights in private law
57
3.1.3
Subordination/complementarity
59
3.1.4
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
61
3.2
German law
3.2.1
Introduction
63
3.2.2
The rise of the theory of 'indirect effect' as a foundation
for the application of fundamental rights in private law
65
3.2.2.1
The
Luth
case
65
Table
of contents
ÍX
3.2.2.2
The two extremes: 'direct effect' versus 'no effect'
66
3.2.2.3
An in-between solution
-
the theory of 'indirect effect'
69
3.2.2.4
Autonomy of private law as a rationale behind the theory
of'indirect effect': a logical point or a paradox?
71
3.2.2.4.1
Introduction
71
3.2.2.4-2
Constitutional rights as an overarching system of values and
private law in the theory of
Lüth:
subordination or
complementarity?
72
3.2.2.4.2.1
The limits to the new function of constitutional rights
in private law
72
3.2.2.4.2.2
The new tasks of the private law courts
75
3.2.2.4.2.3
Complementarity as a starting point
77
3.2.2.4.3
Control by the Federal Constitutional Court over decisions
of the private law courts: deference or over-review?
78
3.2.2.4.3.1
The Federal Constitutional Court's role under the
doctrine of
Lüth 78
3.2.2.4-3.2
Deference in the case law of the Federal Constitutional
Court:
Mephisto 80
3.2.2.4.3.3
'Over-review' in the case law of the Federal Constitutional
Court:
Deutschland Magazin 82
3.2.2.4.3.4
A serious 'invasion' of a constitutional right as justification
for 'over-review'? Parabohntenne
84
3.2.2.4.3.5
The Federal Constitutional Court's possibilities for
intervention within the ambit of private law
86
3.2.2.4-4
More a paradox or a logical point?
87
3.2.3
The rise of 'State duties to protect constitutional rights'
-
a new foundation for the effect of fundamental rights in
private law?
89
3.2.3.1
The
Handelsvertreter
case
89
3.2.3.2
The concept of 'State duties to protect constitutional rights'
and its meaning for private law
92
3.2.3.3
The role of private law under the theory of 'State duties to
protect constitutional rights'
96
3.2.3.4
Control functions of the Federal Constitutional Court under
the theory of 'State duties to protect constitutional rights'
99
3.2.3.5
The relationship between the theory of 'indirect effect' and
the theory of 'State duties to protect constitutional rights'
103
3.2.3.5.1
Introduction
103
3.2.3.5.2
The view of
Canaris
104
3.2.3.5.3
The position of the Constitutional Court
106
3.2.3.5.4
Other views in the literature
107
3.2.3.5.4.1
No farewell to the theory of'indirect effect'
107
3.2.3.5.4.2
Farewell to the theory of'indirect effect'
108
3.2.3.5 A3
Transformation of 'indirect effect' into 'direct effect'
110
Fundamentai
Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
Parallel existence or mutual exclusion?
11
1
Synthesis and conclusion
1 14
Dutch law
Introduction
115
The issue of the 'horizontal effect' of fundamental rights
during the Constitutional Reform of
1983 ! 17
The prevailing approach in the case law
119
Dispensing with dogmatic problems
119
Direct horizontal effect
122
Explicit indirect horizontal effect
124
Implicit indirect horizontal effect
125
The role of fundamental rights in private law: synthesis
126
The recognition of the general right to personality in
Dutch law: towards a new approach to the effect of
fundamental rights between private parties?
128
The
Valkenhorst
case
128
The general right to personality as a common denominator
for public and private law: the view of Nieuwenhuis
129
Support in the case law?
132
Synthesis and conclusion
J
34
English law
Introduction
135
The issue of the horizontal effect of human rights in the
text and legislative history of the Human Rights Act
137
3.4.3
The effect of the Human Rights Act from a doctrinal
point of view
140
3.4.3.1
'No effect'
140
3.4.3.2
'Direct horizontal effect'
141
3.4.3.3
'Strong indirect horizontal effect'
142
3.4.3.4
'Weak indirect horizontal effect'
144
3.4.4
The approach of the courts
145
3.4.4.1
Introduction
145
3.4.4.2
The position of the courts before the entry into force of
the Human Rights Act
146
3.4.4.3
The position of the courts in cases involving legislation:
Ashdown, Wihon and Copsey 147
3.4.4.4
The position of the courts in cases involving common law:
privacy cases
j
52
3.4-4-5
Towards a'weak indirect horizontal effect'?
157
3.4.5
Synthesis and conclusion J59
3.5
Synthesis and final conclusion
¡60
3.2.3.
5.5
3.2.4
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.3.
1
3.3.3.
.2
3.3.3.
.3
3.3.3,
.4
3.3.3.
.5
3.3.4
3.3.4
.1
3.3.4
.2
3.3.4.3
3.3.5
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
Table of
contents
XI
Chapter
4
The impact of European fundamental rights and freedoms on
the relationship between fundamental rights and private law in
national legal systems
4.1
Introduction
4.1.1
General
163
4.1.2
The importance of the supranational dimension
і
63
4.1.3
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
164
42
European Convention on Human Rights
166
4.2.1
Introduction
166
4.2.2
The horizontal effect of the ECHR through the 'positive
obligation of the State'
í
68
4.2.3
Horizontal effect through a fundamental rights review of
national court decisions in private litigation?
173
4.2.4
The importance of the 'margin of appreciation' in
cases (potentially) involving horizontal effect
179
4.2.5
The ECtHR's approach to the 'margin of appreciation'
in cases (potentially) involving horizontal effect in practice
183
4.2.6
Synthesis and conclusion
189
4.3
EU
law
4.3.1
Introduction
191
4.3.2
The effect of EC freedoms in private law
193
4.3.2.1
The position of EC freedoms in EC law and national
private law
193
4.3.2.2
Direct horizontal effect of EC freedoms
197
4.3.2.3
State duties to protect EC freedoms in private law?
200
4.3.2.4
EC freedoms and the general principle of private autonomy
202
4.3.3
The effect of
EU
fundamental rights in private law
204
4.3.3.1
The special character of the protection of fundamental
rights in
EU
law
204
4.3.3.2
Possibilities for the effect of
EU
fundamental rights in
private law under the present state of the case law of
the ECJ
206
4.3.3.2.1
Fundamental rights review of EC legislation
206
4.3.3.2.2
Review of the Member States' measures for compliance
with EC legislation which reflects fundamental rights
207
4-3.3.2.3
Fundamental rights review of the Member States' measures
which implement Community law
208
4.3.3.2.4
Fundamental rights review of the Member States' measures
which derogate from Community law
208
Xli Fundamental
Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
4.3.3.2.5 EU
fundamental rights as a justification for the
Member States' restrictions on EC freedoms
209
4.3.3.2.6
The 'alignment' between
EU
fundamental rights and
private law: how far is the ECJ prepared to go?
212
4.3.3.3
Potential possibilities for the effect of
EU
fundamental
rights in private law
215
4.3.3.3.1 EU
fundamental rights as a source of strong persuasive
authority in the Member States
215
4.3.3.3.2
The right to
'civis europeus
sum' in every Member State?
216
4.3.4
EC freedoms versus
EU
fundamental rights in a private
law context: implications for private law
218
4.3.5
Synthesis and conclusion 22J
4.4
Synthesis and final conclusion
224
Partili
The issue of the protection of the weaker party
against risky financial transactions in fundamental
rights law and contract law
229
Chapter
5
The protection of the weaker party against risky financial
transactions by means of fundamental rights
5.1
Introduction
5.1.1
General
231
5.1.2
The importance of the decision of the German
Constitutional Court in the
Burgschaft
case
232
5.1.3
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
233
5.2
The idea behind resorting to fundamental rights in
contract law: the
Bürgschaft
case
234
5.2.1
The facts of the case
234
5.2.2
The decisions of the private law courts
235
5.2.3
The decision of the Federal Constitutional Court
236
5.3
The interests protected by fundamental rights
5.3.1
Introduction
241
5.3.2
The German constitution
242
5.3.2.1
The
Bürgschaft
case: the conflict between two meanings
of freedom of contract on the basis of the constitutional
right to free development of one's personality and the
principle of the social state
242
Table
of
contents
XIII
5.3.2.2
Other potentially relevant constitutional rights and
principles in cases involving risky financial transactions
247
5.3.2.2.1
Human dignity
248
5.3.2.2.2
The general right to personality
253
5.3.2.2.3
The right to marriage and family life
256
5.3.3
The Dutch Constitution
257
5.3.4
The European Convention on Human Rights
260
5.3.5
The Constitution for Europe
263
5.3.6
Fundamental rights as a double-edged sword
265
5.4
Competition between fundamental rights
5.4.1
The importance of the issue in the context of risky
financial transactions
266
5.4.2
Solutions to the problem of competing constitutional
rights in German constitutional law
268
5.4.3
Constitutional law solutions and the problem of
competition between fundamental rights in the context
of risky financial transactions
269
5.5
Resolving the conflicts between fundamental rights
5.5.1
Perplexities concerning the issue
272
5.5.1.1
General
272
5.5.1.2
The absence of a hierarchy between fundamental rights
272
5.5.1.3
The difficulty of establishing the content of 'absolute'
fundamental principles: the case of human dignity
275
5.5.2
The methods of resolving the conflicts between
fundamental rights in private law disputes between
private parties
275
5.5.2.1
Resolving conflicts between constitutional rights under the
theory of 'indirect effect'
275
5.5.2.2
Resolving conflicts between constitutional rights under the
theory of 'State duties to protect constitutional rights'
278
5.5.3
Striking a balance between the right to private
autonomy and the right to private autonomy in conjunction
with the principle of the social state in
Bürgschaft
28І
5.5.3.1
An outcome of the balancing
-
a directive
281
5.5.3.2
Uncertainties surrounding the meaning of the directive
283
5.5.3.2.1
The notion of 'structural inequality in bargaining power'
and contract law
283
5.5.3.2.2
The scope of the protection of the weaker party against
risky financial transactions
285
5.5
A Contractual justice in cases involving risky financial
transactions and the balancing between fundamental rights
287
XIV Fundamentai
Rights,
Contract
Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
5.6
The implications of the protection of the weaker party by
means of fundamental rights for the relationship between
fundamental rights and contract law
5.6.1
The need for a clear differentiation between the kinds of
horizontal effect in contract law
289
5.6.2
Direct horizontal effect
29Í
5.6.3
Strong indirect horizontal effect
293
5.6.4
Weak indirect horizontal effect
295
5.6.5
The kind of relationship between fundamental rights and
contract law and the problems of competition and striking
a balance between fundamental rights
297
5.7
Synthesis and final conclusion
298
Chapter
6
The protection of family members against suretyships by
means of contract law
6.1
Introduction
6.1.1
General
301
6.1.2
Peculiarities of the suretyship contract
302
6.1.3
The problem of an 'emotionally transmitted debt'
303
6.1.4
A purely national law matter
304
6.1.5
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
305
6.2
German law
306
6.2.1
Introduction
306
6.2.2
The approach to suretyships by family members before
the
1993
decision of the Constitutional Court in
Bürgschaft 307
6.2.3
The approach to suretyships by family members after the
1993
decision of the constitutional court in
Bürgschaft 309
6.2.3.1
The struggle between the
9*
and
1
1th Senate of the
Supreme Court
309
6.2.3.2
The current approach to suretyship contracts beyond the
family sureties' ability to pay
3
¡
3
6.2.3.2.1
Gross disproportionality
315
6.2.3.2.2
A close emotional relationship with the principal debtor
318
6.2.3.2.3
Rebutting the presumption of immorality by the creditor
318
6.2.3.3
The current approach to 'well-off family sureties
320
6.2
A The character and scope of the protection of (potential)
family sureties
324
6.2.5
Synthesis and conclusion
329
Table of
contents
XV
6.3
Dutch law
6.3.1
Introduction
331
6.3.2
The Van Lanschot v.
Moeder Bink
case: protecting family
sureties by means of duties to inform
332
6.3.2.1
The facts of the case and the decision of the Supreme Court
332
6.3.2.2
The scope of the duty to inform
334
6.3.3
The character and scope of the protection of (potential)
family sureties
335
6.3.4
Synthesis and conclusion
337
6.4
English law
6.4.1
Introduction
339
6.4.2
Pre-O'Brien responses
340
6.4.2.1
'Agency'theory
340
6.4.2.2
'Special equity' theory
340
6.4.2.3
The doctrine of'notice'
341
6.4.3
The O'Brien case: the creditor on constructive notice
341
6.4.3.1
The facts of the case and the decision of the House of Lords
341
6.4.3.2
Policy considerations
342
6.4.3.3
The meaning of the doctrine of notice
343
6.4.3.4
The application of the principle of constructive notice
344
6.4.3.4.1
The existence of a legal wrong
345
6.4.3.4.2
When a creditor is put on inquiry
346
6.4.3.4.3
The 'reasonable steps' to be taken by the creditor
346
6.4.3.5
Criticism of the O'Brien approach
347
6.4-4
The Etridge case: refining the application of the principle
of constructive notice
349
6.4.4.I Background and importance of Etridge
349
6.4-4.2
Novelties of Etridge
351
6.4.4.2.1 The existence of a legal wrong
351
6.4.4.2.2
When a creditor is put on inquiry
352
6.4.4.2.3
The 'reasonable steps' to be taken by the creditor
353
6.4.4.2.4
The reasonable steps to be taken by the solicitor
355
6.4.5
the character and scope of the protection of (potential)
family sureties
358
6.4.6
Synthesis and conclusion
360
6.5
Synthesis and final conclusion
36І
7.1
7.1.
1
7.1.
2
7.1.
3
7.1.
4
7.2
7.2.
.1
7.2
.2
7.2
.3
7.2
.3.1
7.2
.3.2
7.2
.3.3
7.2
.4
XVI
Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
Chapter
7
The protection of investors against risky investment transactions
in the execution-only relationship by means of contract law
Introduction
General
365
Types of investment services
366
Peculiarities of the execution-only relationship
367
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
368
EC law
Introduction
372
The conduct of business rules under the ISD I
373
The conduct of business rules under the ISD II
ì75
The loyalty principle
376
The informed consent principle
377
The 'know your customer' principle
378
The character and scope of investor protection in the
execution-only relationship
382
7.2.5
Synthesis and conclusion
384
7.3
German law
7.3.1
Introduction
386
7.3.2
The relationship between contract law and the conduct of
business rules
389
7.3.3
The duties of care in the execution-only relationship under
contract law
391
7.3.4
The conduct of business rules and the extent of their
application in the execution-only relationship
393
7.3.4.1
The general duty of loyalty
393
7.3.4.2
The duty to know one's customer
396
7.3.4.3
The duty to inform one's customer
399
7.3.5
The character and scope of investor protection in the
execution-only relationship
404
7-3.6
Synthesis and conclusion
406
7.4
Dutch law
7.4.1
Introduction
408
7.4.2
The relationship between contract law and the conduct of
business rules
411
7.4.3
The duties of care in the execution-only relationship under
contract law: Kowvenbergv.
Rabobank
414
7.4.4
The conduct of business rules and the scope of their
application in the execution-only relationship
420
Table
oj
contents
XVII
7.4.4.I The general duty of loyalty
421
7.4-4.2
The duty to check the customer's'room for expenditures'
421
7.4.4.3
The duty to check the compliance of the customer's
transactions with margin requirements
423
7.4.4.4
The duty to make a customer profile
425
7.4-4.5
The duty to inform one's customer
427
7.4-5
The character and scope of investor protection in the
execution-only relationship
430
7.4-6
Synthesis and conclusion
433
7.5
English law
7.5.1
Introduction
435
7.5.2
The relationship between common law and the conduct of
business rules
437
7.5.3
The duties of care in the execution-only relationship under
common law
441
7.5.4
The conduct of business rules in the execution-only
relationship
443
7.5.4.1 The duty to check the compliance of the customer's
transactions with margin requirements
445
7.5.4.2
The duty to know one's customer and the duty to ensure
the suitability of one's recommendation or a discretionary
decision for the customer
446
7.5.4.3
The duty to ensure clear, fair and non-misleading
communication
447
7.5.4.4
The duty of disclosure
448
7.5.4.5
The duty to ensure the customer's understanding of the risks
449
7.5.5
The character and scope of investor protection in the
execution-only relationship
451
7.5.6
Synthesis and conclusion
452
7.6
Synthesis and final conclusion
454
Chapter
8
The protection of investors against risky investment transactions
in the advisory relationship by means of contract law
8.1
Introduction
8.1.1
General
459
8.1.2
Peculiarities of the advisory relationship
460
8.1.3
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
461
XVIIÍ
Fundamental
Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
8.2
EC law
8.2.1
Introduction
462
8.2.2
The conduct of business rules under the ISD II
463
8.2.2.1
The loyalty principle
463
8.2.2.2
The informed consent principle
464
8.2.2.3
The 'know your customer' ptinciple
465
8.2.3
The character and scope of investor protection in the
advisory relationship
468
8.2.4
Synthesis and conclusion
469
8.3
German law
8.3.1
Introduction
470
8.3.2
The duties of care in the advisory relationship under
contract law: Bond
471
8.3.3
The conduct of business rules in the advisory relationship
476
8.3.3.1
The general duty of loyalty
476
8.3.3.2
The duty to know one's customer
479
8.3.3.3
The duty to inform one's customer
481
8.3.4
The character and scope of investor protection in the
advisory relationship
483
8.3.5
Synthesis and conclusion
485
8.4
Dutch law
8.4.1
Introduction
487
8.4.2
The duties of care in the advisory relationship under
contract law: Kouwenberg v.
Rabobank
489
8.4.3
The conduct of business rules in the advisory relationship
494
8.4.3.1
The general duty of loyalty
495
8.4.3.2
The duty to check the customer's 'room for expenditures'
496
8.4.3.3
The duty to check the compliance of the customer's
transactions with margin requirements
497
8.4.3.4
The duty to make a customer profile
499
8.4.3.5
The duty to inform
503
8.4.4
The character and scope of investor protection in the
advisory relationship
506
8.4.5
Synthesis and conclusion
509
English law
Introduction 5j]
The duties of care in the advisory relationship
under common law
5
1
2
The conduct of business rules in the advisory relationship
517
The duty to check the compliance of the customer's
transactions with margin requirements
519
8.5
8.5.1
8.5.
.2
8.5.
.3
8.5.
.3.1
Table
of
contents
XIX
8.5.3.2
The duty to know one's customer and the duty to ensure the
suitability of one's recommendation for the customer
520
8.5.3.3
The duty to ensure clear, fair and non-misleading
communication
524
8.5.3.4
The duty of disclosure
525
8.5.3.5
The duty to ensure the customer's understanding of the risks
527
8.5.4
The character and scope of investor protection in the
advisory relationship
530
8.5.5
Synthesis and conclusion
531
8.6
Synthesis and final conclusion
533
Part IV
Synthesis and assessment
537
Chapter
9
Towards a complementary relationship between
fundamental rights and contract law
9.1
Introduction
9.1.1
General
539
9.1.2
The aim, methodology and plan of the Chapter
540
9.2
The relationship between fundamental rights and
contract law in light of the distinction between
public and private law
541
9.2.1
Tensions between the tendency towards the subordination
of private law to fundamental rights and the tendency
towards complementarity between the two
541
9.2.2
The need for further differentiation between the kinds of
horizontal effect of fundamental rights in contract law
544
9.2.2.1
Direct horizontal effect
545
9.2.2.2
Strong indirect horizontal effect
546
9.2.2.3
Weak indirect horizontal effect
546
9.2.3
Public/private distinction as a substantive argument against
the subordination of contract law to fundamental rights
547
9.3
The relationship between fundamental rights and
contract law in light of the practical need to protect
the weaker party
9.3.1
Perplexities concerning the subordination of
contract law to fundamental rights
549
XX
Fundamenta/
Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party
9.3.2
Is there
а
practical need for the subordination of
contract law to fundamental rights with a view to
protecting the weaker party?
553
9.3.3
Should the protection of the weaker party in
Europe be harmonized through the horizontal effect of
EU
fundamental rights?
557
9.4
The plea for a complementary relationship between
fundamental rights and contract law
9.4.1
The importance of contract law for the protection of the
weaker party
560
9.4.2
The role of fundamental rights in modern contract law:
towards the weak indirect horizontal effect
564
9.4.3
Fundamental rights and the conduct of business rules
569
9.4.4
The role of the national constitutional courts, the ECtHR
and the EC] in securing complementarity between
fundamental rights and contract law
570
9.5
Final remarks
573
Bibliography
577
Table of Cases
609
Index
621
Curriculum
vitae 63i
Originally, contract law was considered to be immune from the effect of
fundamental rights, the function of which was limited to being individual
defences against the vigilant eye of the state. This traditional view,
however, has recently been put under pressure as a result of fundamental
rights increasingly becoming relevant for contract law. In the first place,
this book discusses the relationship between fundamental rights and
private law in general in Germany, the Netherlands and the UK. as well
as in
EU
law and the law of the ECHR. against the background of the
underlying rationale for the distinction between public and private law as
it has developed on the continent. Secondly, the book examines whether
and. if so, how the interests of the weaker party can be protected on the
level of fundamental rights, and contract law. The final part of this book
builds upon the insights and conclusions drawn from the theoretical and
practical perspectives to develop recommendations regarding the desirable
extent of the constitutionalisation of contract law. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Cherednychenko, Olha O. 1978- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)133551393 |
| author_facet | Cherednychenko, Olha O. 1978- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Cherednychenko, Olha O. 1978- |
| author_variant | o o c oo ooc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022520861 |
| callnumber-first | K - Law |
| callnumber-label | KJC1064 |
| callnumber-raw | KJC1064 KJE1640 |
| callnumber-search | KJC1064 KJE1640 |
| callnumber-sort | KJC 41064 |
| classification_rvk | PD 2880 PS 3720 PS 3730 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)166359214 (DE-599)DNB984553061 |
| dewey-full | 346.24022 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 346 - Private law |
| dewey-raw | 346.24022 |
| dewey-search | 346.24022 |
| dewey-sort | 3346.24022 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Europa Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd Niederlande (DE-588)4042203-3 gnd England (DE-588)4014770-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europa Deutschland Niederlande England |
| id | DE-604.BV022520861 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:03:16Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:20:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783866530430 3866530439 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015727595 |
| oclc_num | 166359214 |
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| physical | XXVI, 629 S. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
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| publisher | Sellier European Law Publishers |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Schriften zur Europäischen Rechtswissenschaft |
| series2 | Schriften zur Europäischen Rechtswissenschaft |
| spelling | Cherednychenko, Olha O. 1978- Verfasser (DE-588)133551393 aut Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party a Comparative Analysis of the Constitutionalisation of Contract Law, with Emphasis on Risky Financial Transactions Olha O. Cherednychenko München Sellier European Law Publishers 2007 XXVI, 629 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Schriften zur Europäischen Rechtswissenschaft 5 Zugl.: Utrecht, Univ., Diss., 2007 Recoge : I. The relations between fundamental rights and private law against the background of the public/private divide. -- II. The protection of the weaker party against risky financial transactions by means of fundamental rights. Synthesis and assessment. Contrats - Europe Droits de l'homme - Europe Grondrechten gtt Overeenkomstenrecht gtt Menschenrecht Civil rights Europe Contracts Europe Human rights Europe Immoral contracts Europe Vertragsfreiheit (DE-588)4128153-6 gnd rswk-swf Beschränkung (DE-588)4247482-6 gnd rswk-swf Grundrechtsschutz (DE-588)4267736-1 gnd rswk-swf Europa Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf Niederlande (DE-588)4042203-3 gnd rswk-swf England (DE-588)4014770-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Vertragsfreiheit (DE-588)4128153-6 s Beschränkung (DE-588)4247482-6 s Grundrechtsschutz (DE-588)4267736-1 s Niederlande (DE-588)4042203-3 g England (DE-588)4014770-8 g DE-604 Schriften zur Europäischen Rechtswissenschaft 5 (DE-604)BV019850370 5 text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2972302&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015727595&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015727595&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Cherednychenko, Olha O. 1978- Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party a Comparative Analysis of the Constitutionalisation of Contract Law, with Emphasis on Risky Financial Transactions Schriften zur Europäischen Rechtswissenschaft Contrats - Europe Droits de l'homme - Europe Grondrechten gtt Overeenkomstenrecht gtt Menschenrecht Civil rights Europe Contracts Europe Human rights Europe Immoral contracts Europe Vertragsfreiheit (DE-588)4128153-6 gnd Beschränkung (DE-588)4247482-6 gnd Grundrechtsschutz (DE-588)4267736-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4128153-6 (DE-588)4247482-6 (DE-588)4267736-1 (DE-588)4011882-4 (DE-588)4042203-3 (DE-588)4014770-8 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party a Comparative Analysis of the Constitutionalisation of Contract Law, with Emphasis on Risky Financial Transactions |
| title_auth | Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party a Comparative Analysis of the Constitutionalisation of Contract Law, with Emphasis on Risky Financial Transactions |
| title_exact_search | Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party a Comparative Analysis of the Constitutionalisation of Contract Law, with Emphasis on Risky Financial Transactions |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party a Comparative Analysis of the Constitutionalisation of Contract Law, with Emphasis on Risky Financial Transactions |
| title_full | Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party a Comparative Analysis of the Constitutionalisation of Contract Law, with Emphasis on Risky Financial Transactions Olha O. Cherednychenko |
| title_fullStr | Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party a Comparative Analysis of the Constitutionalisation of Contract Law, with Emphasis on Risky Financial Transactions Olha O. Cherednychenko |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party a Comparative Analysis of the Constitutionalisation of Contract Law, with Emphasis on Risky Financial Transactions Olha O. Cherednychenko |
| title_short | Fundamental Rights, Contract Law and the Protection of the Weaker Party |
| title_sort | fundamental rights contract law and the protection of the weaker party a comparative analysis of the constitutionalisation of contract law with emphasis on risky financial transactions |
| title_sub | a Comparative Analysis of the Constitutionalisation of Contract Law, with Emphasis on Risky Financial Transactions |
| topic | Contrats - Europe Droits de l'homme - Europe Grondrechten gtt Overeenkomstenrecht gtt Menschenrecht Civil rights Europe Contracts Europe Human rights Europe Immoral contracts Europe Vertragsfreiheit (DE-588)4128153-6 gnd Beschränkung (DE-588)4247482-6 gnd Grundrechtsschutz (DE-588)4267736-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Contrats - Europe Droits de l'homme - Europe Grondrechten Overeenkomstenrecht Menschenrecht Civil rights Europe Contracts Europe Human rights Europe Immoral contracts Europe Vertragsfreiheit Beschränkung Grundrechtsschutz Europa Deutschland Niederlande England Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2972302&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015727595&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015727595&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019850370 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cherednychenkoolhao fundamentalrightscontractlawandtheprotectionoftheweakerpartyacomparativeanalysisoftheconstitutionalisationofcontractlawwithemphasisonriskyfinancialtransactions |