Transition and challenge: China's population at the beginning of the 21st century
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Enth. 16 Beitr. |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 350 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0199299293 9780199299294 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Transition and challenge |b China's population at the beginning of the 21st century |c ed. by Zhongwei Zhao and Fei Guo |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 2007 | |
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| 500 | |a Enth. 16 Beitr. | ||
| 648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1900-2000 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Bevolkingsontwikkeling |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Economische hervormingen |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Transition démographique - Chine | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Demographic transition |z China | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Chine - Politique démographique - Histoire - 20e siècle | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Chine - Population | |
| 651 | 4 | |a China |x Population | |
| 651 | 4 | |a China |x Population policy |x History |y 20th century | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136621267746816 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
List of Contributors xiii
1. Introduction 1
Zhongwei Zhao and Fei Guo
1.1 Rapid Demographic Transition 2
1.2 Major Demographic Challenges 5
1.3 Demographic Research in China 9
1.4 The Production and Organization of this Book 12
2. Family Planning During the Economic Reform Era 18
Weiguo Zhang and Xingshan Cao
2.1 Trajectory of China s Population Policy 19
2.2 Policy Implementation in the Economic Reform Era 22
2.3 Achievements, Consequences, and Future Policy Prospects 29
2.4 Conclusions 32
3. The Politics of Numbers: Fertility Statistics in Recent Decades 34
Thomas Scharping
3.1 Fertility Data Since the Start of the One Child Policy 35
3.2 The Role of Birth Planning Policies 40
3.3 Procedures and Implementation Problems in the 2000 Census 44
3.4 Census Data and Adjustment Approaches 48
3.5 Conclusions 52
4. Below Replacement Fertility in Mainland China 54
Zhigang Guo and Wei Chen
4.1 Fertility Decline Before 1990 55
4.2 Fertility Levels in the 1990s 58
4.3 Comparing Fertility Levels from Different Data Sources 63
4.4 Tempo Adjusted TFR versus Conventional TFR 67
4.5 Conclusions 70
5. Fertility Transition in Hong Kong and Taiwan 71
Edward Jow Ching Tu, Xin Yuan, andXia Zhang
5.1 Fertility Decline in Hong Kong and Taiwan 71
vi Contents
5.2 Tempo Effects on TFRs Since 1976 74
5.3 Recuperation Effects on Period Fertility 78
5.4 Trends in Complete Cohort Fertility 81
5.5 Conclusions 85
6. Induced Abortion and its Demographic Consequences 87
Wei Chen
6.1 Changes in Government Abortion Policies and
Levels of Abortions 87
6.2 Patterns, Characteristics of and Reasons for Abortions 93
6.3 Abortion, Fertility Decline, and Rising Sex Ratios at Birth 100
6.4 Conclusions 106
7. Child Sex Ratios and Their Regional Variation 108
Yong Cai and William Lovely
7.1 Rising Sex Ratios in China and Their Major Determinants 109
7.2 Regional Variation in Child Sex Ratios 112
7.3 Interpreting Regional Clusters and Variation in
Child Sex Ratios 118
7.4 Consequences of Rising Sex Ratios 120
7.5 Conclusions 123
8. Recent Changes in Marriage Patterns 124
Guangyu Zhang and Baochang Gu
8.1 Proportion of Ever Married and Age at First Marriage 124
8.2 Changes in Attitudes Towards Sexual Relations and
Their Impact on Marital Behavior 129
8.3 Changes in Marriage Patterns and Fertility Decline 133
8.4 Chinese Marriage Patterns in International Perspective 136
8.5 Conclusions 139
9. Poverty, Progress, and Rising Life Expectancy 140
Judith Banister
9.1 Mortality Decline in the Maoist Era 141
9.2 Economic Growth, Poverty Reduction, and Increasing
Inequality Under Economic Reform 142
9.3 Further Mortality Improvement and Urban Rural Mortality
Differentials 145
9.4 Mortality Changes in Poor Areas 148
9.5 Mortality Decline in China: Reasons and Challenges 156
Contents vii
10. Changing Mortality Patterns and Causes of Death 160
ZhongweiZhao
10.1 Age Patterns of Mortality 161
10.2 Sex Differentials in Mortality 165
10.3 Changes in Major Causes of Death 168
10.4 Causes of Death, Mortality Patterns, and
Their Sex Differentials 172
10.5 Conclusions 175
11. Population Ageing: Challenges, Opportunities, and Institutions 177
Feng Wang and Andrew Mason
11.1 Population Ageing: National and Sub National Trends 178
11.2 Migration and its Potential Impact on Ageing in Rural China 184
11.3 Economic Consequences of Ageing 187
11.4 Institutions and the Second Demographic Dividend 192
11.5 Conclusions 194
12. Internal Migration: Policy Changes, Recent Trends, and
New Challenges 197
Zai Liang
12.1 Difficulties in Denning Migration and Counting Migrants 198
12.2 Patterns of Recent Internal Migration 201
12.3 Migration, Household Income, and Return Migration 203
12.4 Recent Changes in Migration Policies 206
12.5 Major Challenges Ahead 209
12.6 Conclusions 214
13. The Impact of Temporary Migration on Migrant Communities 216
Fei Guo
13.1 Impacts of Government Control on Rural Urban Migration 217
13.2 Occupational Concentration of Temporary Migrants 218
13.3 Unemployment Among Temporary Migrants 222
13.4 Migrant Communities in Cities 227
13.5 Conclusions 230
14. The Changing Profile of Labor Migration 233
Kenneth Roberts
14.1 Labor Migration in China and Mexico 234
14.2 Changes in Factors Affecting Origin, Destination,
and the Migration Process 236
viii Contents
14.3 Potential Changes in the Profile of Chinese Migration 244
14.4 Conclusions 248
15. Minorities: Cultural Integration, Family Planning, and
Population Changes 251
IsabelleAttani
15.1 Cultural Integration and Development 251
15.2 Family Planning and Fertility Decline 256
15.3 Recent Changes in Mortality, Age and Sex Composition,
and Population Growth 261
15.4 Conclusions 269
16. China s Demography in Perspective 271
John C. Caldwell and Zhongwei Zhao
16.1 Historical Population Changes in China and the World 272
16.2 China s Demographic Transition in the Context of World
Demographic Changes 274
16.3 The New Demographic Experience and Demographic
Transition Theory 278
16.4 Future Challenges and Policy Responses 282
Notes 286
References 298
Index 339
List of Figures
3.1 Absolute difference in fertility between SFPC birth planning report
and census results for 1989 38
4.1 Changes in TFR and TFR : 1964 88 55
4.2 Mean age at childbearing (MAC) by parity: 1964 88 57
4.3 Reconstructed TFR by parity in the 1990s 61
4.4 Mean age at childbearing (MAC) by parity in the 1990s 62
4.5 Comparison of TFR computed from different sources 64
4.6 Reconstructed TFR by parity in the 1990s 69
5.1 Mean age of childbearing by parity, Hong Kong: 1976 2001 75
5.2 Mean age of childbearing by parity, Taiwan: 1976 2002 75
5.3 Trends of postponement and recuperation of parity one compared
with 1976, Hong Kong: 1977 96 79
5.4 Trends of postponement and recuperation of parity one compared
with 1977, Taiwan: 1978 2002 80
5.5 Postponement and recuperation of CTFR compared with cohort 1946,
Hong Kong: 1947 73 82
5.6 Postponement and recuperation of CTFR compared with cohort 1940,
Taiwan: 1941 73 83
5.7 Changes in CTFRs in Hong Kong and Taiwan: 1935 66 84
6.1 Actual TFR versus expected TFR, China: 1971 99 1( 1
6.2 Relative contribution of the proximate determinants to reduction of
fertility from total fecundity, China: 1971 99 102
7.1 Sex ratios age 0 t, China: 2000 115
7.2 Significance of Moran / defined clusters of sex ratios age 0 4 117
7.3 Missing girls as percentages of cohorts born: 1980 2000 121
8.1 Proportion of ever married women by age for five selected birth cohorts,
China 125
8.2 Mean age at first marriage by sex, China: 1971 2000 127
8.3 Age specific first marriage rates for females born in China: 1955,1965,
and 1975 128
8.4 Changes in marriages and divorces, China: 1980 2004 132
8.5 Changes in first birth intervals, China: 1980 2000 134
8.6 TFR, TDFR, and the TFR/TDFR ratio, China; 1991 2000 135
x List of Figures
9.1 Changes in per capita GDP: 1953 2001 143
9.2 Life expectancy at birth for areas with different economic levels: 1973 75
and 1990 92 150
9.3 Infant mortality rates (q0) by sex for areas with different economic
levels: 1973 75 and 1990 92 151
9.4 Age specific death rates (per 100,000) in Guizhou s poorest
counties: 1973 75 and 1990 92 152
10.1 Sex ratios of probability of death by ages in selected periods 166
10.2 Proportions of deaths by major causes in different age groups: 1998 174
11.1 Fertility decline in urban and rural populations, China: 1963 87 180
11.2 Projected ageing trends, China: 2000 50 183
11.3 Age pattern of nonmarriage/nonhousing related migration,
China: 2000 185
11.4 Potential impact of out migration on ageing in rural China 185
11.5 Consumption and income profiles, China: 1982 190
11.6 Consumption and income profiles, China: 2000 190
11.7 Consumption and income profiles, China: 2050 191
12.1 Percentage distribution of migrants by type of household,
Beijing: 1997 and 2000 203
12.2 Migrant contribution to total household income by region:
Sichuan and Anhui 205
12.3 Migrant contribution to net household income by region:
Sichuan and Anhui 205
15.1 Fertility index by ethnic group compared to the Han (= 100): 1975 99 260
List of Tables
3.1 Birth numbers (in millions) from different official sources: 1979 2003 36
3.2 Survey data for total births and percentage of births out of plan by age
group and birth order, averages for 1980 88 43
3.3 Total number of births and percentage of births out of plan by age group
and birth order: 1990 92 43
3.4 Percentage of all births out of plan (from two national fertility surveys) 44
3.5 Survival rates from census and microcensus for cohorts born between 1979
and 1995 50
5.1 TFR and tempo effects in Hong Kong and Taiwan: 1977 2000 76
5.2 Parity specific tempo effects in Hong Kong and Taiwan: 1977 2000 78
6.1 Levels and trends in induced abortion in China: 1971 99 90
6.2 Levels of abortion in China and selected countries: 1996 92
6.3 Patterns of induced abortion in China (NDRHS1997) 95
6.4 Percentage distribution of the stated reason for last abortion 97
6.5 Changes in the time of abortion in recent decades 98
6.6 Percentage distribution of the last abortion by the duration of pregnancy 99
6.7 Analysis of the change in TFR in China: various periods 103
6.8 The impact of existing children on induced abortion of the next pregnancy 105
7.1 Child sex ratios (aged 0 4) in five censuses and corresponding model ratios 110
7.2 Sex ratios at age 0 4 by province: 1982 and 2000 113
7.3 Distribution of population and counties by child sex ratio: 2000 122
8.1 Percentage distribution of female respondents by attitudes towards
premarital sex, China 130
8.2 Proportion of women having first births within 9 months of marriage,
China: 1980 2000 131
8.3 Singulate mean age of marriage (SMAM) for females in selected
Asian countries: 1980 2000 I36
8.4 Proportion of women who are single aged 30 34 and 35 39 in selected
Asian countries: 1980 2000 I37
8.5 Proportion of women who are single aged 30 34 and 35 39 in China,
urban Beijing and urban Shanghai: 1990 and 2000 138
9.1 Adjusted life tables for China: 2000 146
9.2 Mortality trends in China s less developed provinces: 1981 2000 153
xii List of Tables
10.1 Indices of similarity computed through comparing observed
mortality patterns and various mortality models 163
10.2 Proportions of deaths by five major causes in selected years 169
10.3 Disease specific death rates (per 100,000) in urban and rural areas 171
11.1 Assumptions used for projecting ageing trends in China 182
11.2 Projected old age population (millions), China: 1985 2050 183
11.3 Mean ages and lifecyde wealth variables 191
11.4 Reallocation system 192
12.1 Definitions of migration in major surveys or censuses in China:
1986 2000 199
13.1 Basic characteristics ofall migrants by employment status 219
13.2 Percentage distribution by occupation and sex of migrants, Beijing: 1997 221
13.3 Occupational structure of Beijing residents by sex: 1990 and 1995 221
13.4 Age and education of unemployed migrants by sex 224
13.5 Parameter estimates of being an unemployed migrant in Beijing 225
15.1 Population of main ethnic groups and their mean annual growth rates:
1953 2000 252
15.2 Sinicization index for selected ethnic groups 253
15.3 Proportion of urban population and agricultural workforce by ethnic
group 255
15.4 Percentage distribution of population by level of education and
proportion of females with given education, by ethnic group: 2000 256
15.5 Estimated TFRs for selected ethnic groups: 1975 2000 259
15.6 Percentage distribution of population by age and ethnic group 263
15.7 Life expectancies at birth and infant mortality rates: 1990 and 2000 264
15.8 Dependency ratios by ethnic group: 1982 2000 267
15.9 Sex ratios by ethnic group: 1990 and 2000 269
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
List of Contributors xiii
1. Introduction 1
Zhongwei Zhao and Fei Guo
1.1 Rapid Demographic Transition 2
1.2 Major Demographic Challenges 5
1.3 Demographic Research in China 9
1.4 The Production and Organization of this Book 12
2. Family Planning During the Economic Reform Era 18
Weiguo Zhang and Xingshan Cao
2.1 Trajectory of China's Population Policy 19
2.2 Policy Implementation in the Economic Reform Era 22
2.3 Achievements, Consequences, and Future Policy Prospects 29
2.4 Conclusions 32
3. The Politics of Numbers: Fertility Statistics in Recent Decades 34
Thomas Scharping
3.1 Fertility Data Since the Start of the One Child Policy 35
3.2 The Role of Birth Planning Policies 40
3.3 Procedures and Implementation Problems in the 2000 Census 44
3.4 Census Data and Adjustment Approaches 48
3.5 Conclusions 52
4. Below Replacement Fertility in Mainland China 54
Zhigang Guo and Wei Chen
4.1 Fertility Decline Before 1990 55
4.2 Fertility Levels in the 1990s 58
4.3 Comparing Fertility Levels from Different Data Sources 63
4.4 Tempo Adjusted TFR versus Conventional TFR 67
4.5 Conclusions 70
5. Fertility Transition in Hong Kong and Taiwan 71
Edward Jow Ching Tu, Xin Yuan, andXia Zhang
5.1 Fertility Decline in Hong Kong and Taiwan 71
vi Contents
5.2 Tempo Effects on TFRs Since 1976 74
5.3 Recuperation Effects on Period Fertility 78
5.4 Trends in Complete Cohort Fertility 81
5.5 Conclusions 85
6. Induced Abortion and its Demographic Consequences 87
Wei Chen
6.1 Changes in Government Abortion Policies and
Levels of Abortions 87
6.2 Patterns, Characteristics of and Reasons for Abortions 93
6.3 Abortion, Fertility Decline, and Rising Sex Ratios at Birth 100
6.4 Conclusions 106
7. Child Sex Ratios and Their Regional Variation 108
Yong Cai and William Lovely
7.1 Rising Sex Ratios in China and Their Major Determinants 109
7.2 Regional Variation in Child Sex Ratios 112
7.3 Interpreting Regional Clusters and Variation in
Child Sex Ratios 118
7.4 Consequences of Rising Sex Ratios 120
7.5 Conclusions 123
8. Recent Changes in Marriage Patterns 124
Guangyu Zhang and Baochang Gu
8.1 Proportion of Ever Married and Age at First Marriage 124
8.2 Changes in Attitudes Towards Sexual Relations and
Their Impact on Marital Behavior 129
8.3 Changes in Marriage Patterns and Fertility Decline 133
8.4 Chinese Marriage Patterns in International Perspective 136
8.5 Conclusions 139
9. Poverty, Progress, and Rising Life Expectancy 140
Judith Banister
9.1 Mortality Decline in the Maoist Era 141
9.2 Economic Growth, Poverty Reduction, and Increasing
Inequality Under Economic Reform 142
9.3 Further Mortality Improvement and Urban Rural Mortality
Differentials 145
9.4 Mortality Changes in Poor Areas 148
9.5 Mortality Decline in China: Reasons and Challenges 156
Contents vii
10. Changing Mortality Patterns and Causes of Death 160
ZhongweiZhao
10.1 Age Patterns of Mortality 161
10.2 Sex Differentials in Mortality 165
10.3 Changes in Major Causes of Death 168
10.4 Causes of Death, Mortality Patterns, and
Their Sex Differentials 172
10.5 Conclusions 175
11. Population Ageing: Challenges, Opportunities, and Institutions 177
Feng Wang and Andrew Mason
11.1 Population Ageing: National and Sub National Trends 178
11.2 Migration and its Potential Impact on Ageing in Rural China 184
11.3 Economic Consequences of Ageing 187
11.4 Institutions and the Second Demographic Dividend 192
11.5 Conclusions 194
12. Internal Migration: Policy Changes, Recent Trends, and
New Challenges 197
Zai Liang
12.1 Difficulties in Denning Migration and Counting Migrants 198
12.2 Patterns of Recent Internal Migration 201
12.3 Migration, Household Income, and Return Migration 203
12.4 Recent Changes in Migration Policies 206
12.5 Major Challenges Ahead 209
12.6 Conclusions 214
13. The Impact of Temporary Migration on Migrant Communities 216
Fei Guo
13.1 Impacts of Government Control on Rural Urban Migration 217
13.2 Occupational Concentration of Temporary Migrants 218
13.3 Unemployment Among Temporary Migrants 222
13.4 Migrant Communities in Cities 227
13.5 Conclusions 230
14. The Changing Profile of Labor Migration 233
Kenneth Roberts
14.1 Labor Migration in China and Mexico 234
14.2 Changes in Factors Affecting Origin, Destination,
and the Migration Process 236
viii Contents
14.3 Potential Changes in the Profile of Chinese Migration 244
14.4 Conclusions 248
15. Minorities: Cultural Integration, Family Planning, and
Population Changes 251
IsabelleAttani
15.1 Cultural Integration and Development 251
15.2 Family Planning and Fertility Decline 256
15.3 Recent Changes in Mortality, Age and Sex Composition,
and Population Growth 261
15.4 Conclusions 269
16. China's Demography in Perspective 271
John C. Caldwell and Zhongwei Zhao
16.1 Historical Population Changes in China and the World 272
16.2 China's Demographic Transition in the Context of World
Demographic Changes 274
16.3 The New Demographic Experience and Demographic
Transition Theory 278
16.4 Future Challenges and Policy Responses 282
Notes 286
References 298
Index 339
List of Figures
3.1 Absolute difference in fertility between SFPC birth planning report
and census results for 1989 38
4.1 Changes in TFR and TFR': 1964 88 55
4.2 Mean age at childbearing (MAC) by parity: 1964 88 57
4.3 Reconstructed TFR by parity in the 1990s 61
4.4 Mean age at childbearing (MAC) by parity in the 1990s 62
4.5 Comparison of TFR computed from different sources 64
4.6 Reconstructed TFR'by parity in the 1990s 69
5.1 Mean age of childbearing by parity, Hong Kong: 1976 2001 75
5.2 Mean age of childbearing by parity, Taiwan: 1976 2002 75
5.3 Trends of postponement and recuperation of parity one compared
with 1976, Hong Kong: 1977 96 79
5.4 Trends of postponement and recuperation of parity one compared
with 1977, Taiwan: 1978 2002 80
5.5 Postponement and recuperation of CTFR compared with cohort 1946,
Hong Kong: 1947 73 82
5.6 Postponement and recuperation of CTFR compared with cohort 1940,
Taiwan: 1941 73 83
5.7 Changes in CTFRs in Hong Kong and Taiwan: 1935 66 84
6.1 Actual TFR versus expected TFR, China: 1971 99 1( 1
6.2 Relative contribution of the proximate determinants to reduction of
fertility from total fecundity, China: 1971 99 102
7.1 Sex ratios age 0 t, China: 2000 115
7.2 Significance of Moran / defined clusters of sex ratios age 0 4 117
7.3 Missing girls as percentages of cohorts born: 1980 2000 121
8.1 Proportion of ever married women by age for five selected birth cohorts,
China 125
8.2 Mean age at first marriage by sex, China: 1971 2000 127
8.3 Age specific first marriage rates for females born in China: 1955,1965,
and 1975 128
8.4 Changes in marriages and divorces, China: 1980 2004 132
8.5 Changes in first birth intervals, China: 1980 2000 134
8.6 TFR, TDFR, and the TFR/TDFR ratio, China; 1991 2000 135
x List of Figures
9.1 Changes in per capita GDP: 1953 2001 143
9.2 Life expectancy at birth for areas with different economic levels: 1973 75
and 1990 92 150
9.3 Infant mortality rates (q0) by sex for areas with different economic
levels: 1973 75 and 1990 92 151
9.4 Age specific death rates (per 100,000) in Guizhou's poorest
counties: 1973 75 and 1990 92 152
10.1 Sex ratios of probability of death by ages in selected periods 166
10.2 Proportions of deaths by major causes in different age groups: 1998 174
11.1 Fertility decline in urban and rural populations, China: 1963 87 180
11.2 Projected ageing trends, China: 2000 50 183
11.3 Age pattern of nonmarriage/nonhousing related migration,
China: 2000 185
11.4 Potential impact of out migration on ageing in rural China 185
11.5 Consumption and income profiles, China: 1982 190
11.6 Consumption and income profiles, China: 2000 190
11.7 Consumption and income profiles, China: 2050 191
12.1 Percentage distribution of migrants by type of household,
Beijing: 1997 and 2000 203
12.2 Migrant contribution to total household income by region:
Sichuan and Anhui 205
12.3 Migrant contribution to net household income by region:
Sichuan and Anhui 205
15.1 Fertility index by ethnic group compared to the Han (= 100): 1975 99 260
List of Tables
3.1 Birth numbers (in millions) from different official sources: 1979 2003 36
3.2 Survey data for total births and percentage of births out of plan by age
group and birth order, averages for 1980 88 43
3.3 Total number of births and percentage of births out of plan by age group
and birth order: 1990 92 43
3.4 Percentage of all births out of plan (from two national fertility surveys) 44
3.5 Survival rates from census and microcensus for cohorts born between 1979
and 1995 50
5.1 TFR and tempo effects in Hong Kong and Taiwan: 1977 2000 76
5.2 Parity specific tempo effects in Hong Kong and Taiwan: 1977 2000 78
6.1 Levels and trends in induced abortion in China: 1971 99 90
6.2 Levels of abortion in China and selected countries: 1996 92
6.3 Patterns of induced abortion in China (NDRHS1997) 95
6.4 Percentage distribution of the stated reason for last abortion 97
6.5 Changes in the time of abortion in recent decades 98
6.6 Percentage distribution of the last abortion by the duration of pregnancy 99
6.7 Analysis of the change in TFR in China: various periods 103
6.8 The impact of existing children on induced abortion of the next pregnancy 105
7.1 Child sex ratios (aged 0 4) in five censuses and corresponding model ratios 110
7.2 Sex ratios at age 0 4 by province: 1982 and 2000 113
7.3 Distribution of population and counties by child sex ratio: 2000 122
8.1 Percentage distribution of female respondents by attitudes towards
premarital sex, China 130
8.2 Proportion of women having first births within 9 months of marriage,
China: 1980 2000 131
8.3 Singulate mean age of marriage (SMAM) for females in selected
Asian countries: 1980 2000 I36
8.4 Proportion of women who are single aged 30 34 and 35 39 in selected
Asian countries: 1980 2000 I37
8.5 Proportion of women who are single aged 30 34 and 35 39 in China,
urban Beijing and urban Shanghai: 1990 and 2000 138
9.1 Adjusted life tables for China: 2000 146
9.2 Mortality trends in China's less developed provinces: 1981 2000 153
xii List of Tables
10.1 Indices of similarity computed through comparing observed
mortality patterns and various mortality models 163
10.2 Proportions of deaths by five major causes in selected years 169
10.3 Disease specific death rates (per 100,000) in urban and rural areas 171
11.1 Assumptions used for projecting ageing trends in China 182
11.2 Projected old age population (millions), China: 1985 2050 183
11.3 Mean ages and lifecyde wealth variables 191
11.4 Reallocation system 192
12.1 Definitions of migration in major surveys or censuses in China:
1986 2000 199
13.1 Basic characteristics ofall migrants by employment status 219
13.2 Percentage distribution by occupation and sex of migrants, Beijing: 1997 221
13.3 Occupational structure of Beijing residents by sex: 1990 and 1995 221
13.4 Age and education of unemployed migrants by sex 224
13.5 Parameter estimates of being an unemployed migrant in Beijing 225
15.1 Population of main ethnic groups and their mean annual growth rates:
1953 2000 252
15.2 Sinicization index for selected ethnic groups 253
15.3 Proportion of urban population and agricultural workforce by ethnic
group 255
15.4 Percentage distribution of population by level of education and
proportion of females with given education, by ethnic group: 2000 256
15.5 Estimated TFRs for selected ethnic groups: 1975 2000 259
15.6 Percentage distribution of population by age and ethnic group 263
15.7 Life expectancies at birth and infant mortality rates: 1990 and 2000 264
15.8 Dependency ratios by ethnic group: 1982 2000 267
15.9 Sex ratios by ethnic group: 1990 and 2000 269 |
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| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | China gtt Chine - Politique démographique - Histoire - 20e siècle Chine - Population China Population China Population policy History 20th century China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | China Chine - Politique démographique - Histoire - 20e siècle Chine - Population China Population China Population policy History 20th century |
| id | DE-604.BV022516476 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:01:30Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:59:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0199299293 9780199299294 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015723278 |
| oclc_num | 76850848 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-29 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-29 DE-11 |
| physical | XIV, 350 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Transition and challenge China's population at the beginning of the 21st century ed. by Zhongwei Zhao and Fei Guo 1. publ. Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2007 XIV, 350 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Enth. 16 Beitr. Geschichte 1900-2000 Bevolkingsontwikkeling gtt Economische hervormingen gtt Transition démographique - Chine Geschichte Demographic transition China Bevölkerungspolitik (DE-588)4006295-8 gnd rswk-swf Bevölkerungsentwicklung (DE-588)4006292-2 gnd rswk-swf China gtt Chine - Politique démographique - Histoire - 20e siècle Chine - Population China Population China Population policy History 20th century China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd rswk-swf China (DE-588)4009937-4 g Bevölkerungspolitik (DE-588)4006295-8 s Bevölkerungsentwicklung (DE-588)4006292-2 s DE-604 Zhao, Zhongwei Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015723278&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Transition and challenge China's population at the beginning of the 21st century Bevolkingsontwikkeling gtt Economische hervormingen gtt Transition démographique - Chine Geschichte Demographic transition China Bevölkerungspolitik (DE-588)4006295-8 gnd Bevölkerungsentwicklung (DE-588)4006292-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4006295-8 (DE-588)4006292-2 (DE-588)4009937-4 |
| title | Transition and challenge China's population at the beginning of the 21st century |
| title_auth | Transition and challenge China's population at the beginning of the 21st century |
| title_exact_search | Transition and challenge China's population at the beginning of the 21st century |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Transition and challenge China's population at the beginning of the 21st century |
| title_full | Transition and challenge China's population at the beginning of the 21st century ed. by Zhongwei Zhao and Fei Guo |
| title_fullStr | Transition and challenge China's population at the beginning of the 21st century ed. by Zhongwei Zhao and Fei Guo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transition and challenge China's population at the beginning of the 21st century ed. by Zhongwei Zhao and Fei Guo |
| title_short | Transition and challenge |
| title_sort | transition and challenge china s population at the beginning of the 21st century |
| title_sub | China's population at the beginning of the 21st century |
| topic | Bevolkingsontwikkeling gtt Economische hervormingen gtt Transition démographique - Chine Geschichte Demographic transition China Bevölkerungspolitik (DE-588)4006295-8 gnd Bevölkerungsentwicklung (DE-588)4006292-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bevolkingsontwikkeling Economische hervormingen Transition démographique - Chine Geschichte Demographic transition China Bevölkerungspolitik Bevölkerungsentwicklung China Chine - Politique démographique - Histoire - 20e siècle Chine - Population China Population China Population policy History 20th century |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015723278&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhaozhongwei transitionandchallengechinaspopulationatthebeginningofthe21stcentury |