Cestováni do ciziny v habsburské monarchii a v Československu: pasová, vízová a vystěhovalecká politika 1848 - 1989
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Praha
Ústav pro Soudobé Dějiny AV ČR
2007
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Česká společnost po roce 1945
4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Travelling abroad in the Habsburg monarchy and Czechoslovakia: passports, visas and emigration policy, 1848 - 1989 |
| Beschreibung: | 259 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788072850815 |
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| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1848-1918 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1918-1989 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Politik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Emigration and immigration law |z Czechoslovakia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Passports |z Austria |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Passports |z Czechoslovakia |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tourism |x Government policy |z Austria |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tourism |x Government policy |z Czechoslovakia |x History | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136610239873024 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Obsah
Úvod
Nástin pasových a vízových předpisů do roku
Pasová politika v letech
Pasové předpisy v letech
Pasová a vystěhovalecká politika v letech
Komunistický převrat a uzavření hranic
Malý pohraniční styk po roce
Problém nedovoleného překročení hranice
a emigrace v padesátých letech
Změny v pasové agendě
Uvolnění cestování do ciziny v letech
Vystěhovalectví v šedesátých letech
Problém svobody cestování v letech
Normalizace a uzavření hranic na Západ
Helsinský proces a problematika cestování
Vznik Nezávislého odborového svazu Solidarita
a cestovní styk
Problémy cestovního styku
Emigrace po roce
Problém emigrace a cestování v období přestavby
Uvolnění cestování
Závěr
Přílohy
Summary
Summary
Travelling Abroad in the
Passports, Visas, and Emigration Policy,
Jan Rychlík
Up to
Austrian Monarchy.
The liberals of the nineteenth century considered the right to travel and to
settle abroad to be a basic civil right. For this reason freedom of travel was
a point raised in the
travel freely abroad was granted for the first time in the Austrian Constitution
passed by the Constitutional Diet in March
came active, however, because the Diet was dissolved. The Constitution of
4
took effect, and the Constitution was finally abolished on
On
trols, but one still had to request a passport to travel abroad. Passports were
issued by the District Authorities
the Police Directorate
was necessary to travel to the states of the German Confederation, but a tra¬
veller had to ask his or her District Office for a simple identity card. This ap¬
plied also to travel to the German Empire, when it came into being in
On
even at the frontiers of the Empire. Under Governmental Decree No.
10
everyone had a right to it, unless he or she had been deprived of freedom of
movement by the court or the authorities. Since there were no controls at the
borders after
without a passport, provided the country in question was willing to allow the
traveller in. Most countries did so, but a passport was still necessary to travel
to Russia, Turkey, Romania, and Bulgaria. In the Hungarian part of Monarchy
(of which Slovakia was a part) a special passport law (No. VI/1903) applied.
This gave citizens of Hungary the right to travel abroad without passports
unless otherwise stated. Passports were issued by the counties
some cities, by the police. Every citizen had a right to obtain the passport un-
257
less he or she had been deprived of such a right by die courts or if a criminal
proceeding had taken place against him or her.
The First World War severely limited the right to travel. Any citizen travel¬
ling abroad had to obtain a passport, and was obliged to explain the reason
for his or her journey. Passports could be issued also for one journey only. Men
could not obtain a passport if they were eligible for military service.
In the first Czechoslovak Republic initially only provisional measures ap¬
plied. Not till
Act (No.
travel abroad. Article
possible to deny a passport. Article 7(d) granted the District Office the right
to deny a passport in order to protect the interests of the State.
During the Second World War German passport legislation applied
in the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, while in Slovakia
Czechoslovak law No.
abroad was allowed unless the traveller could prove that the journey was
truly necessary.
After the liberation in May
in force, but the Ministry of the Interior did not issue a passport unless the
traveller had very good reason. After the Communist takeover of
1948,
on
abroad, and it was up to the Ministry of Interior alone to decide whether the
passport was to be issued. Until
privately even to other Socialist (that is, Communist) states. In
the system was gradually relaxed. After
Communist countries were generally permitted. On
Passport Act was passed (No.
principles of the
only for reasons prescribed by law. Article
or Regional Passport Office of the Interior Ministry to deny or withdraw
a passport if the journey is not in the interest of the State . While travels
to other Communist countries (with some restrictions for Yugoslavia) were
now generally free, restrictions remained for travel to the West. Apart from
a passport, every traveller had to obtain a special exit permit
ka)
(usually a month at most).
In
to obtain a passport and exit permit to go anywhere. A new passport law
258
was drafted, which would have allowed citizens free travel abroad. Owing to
the Soviet-led military occupation of Czechoslovakia (beginning
1968)
hard-line Communism), the bill was not passed. The situation remained still
relatively good for more than a year, until early October
With Government Decree No.
West were practically sealed off to Czechoslovak citizens. While travel to
other Communist countries was more or less left unrestricted (with the ex¬
ception of Yugoslavia again), travel to the West was possible only in order to
visit close relations living legally abroad (that is, not to see anyone who had
illegally emigrated) or else with pre-arranged, prohibitively expensive group
tours. Individual travel to the West was not officially prohibited, but depen¬
ded solely on the decisions of the police. Since the Czechoslovak currency
was not freely convertible, the exit permit was usually issued only with the
consent of the Czechoslovak State Bank. In addition, on
severe restrictions were imposed also on travel to and from Poland for both
political and economical purposes.
Travel abroad was relaxed again in
Czechoslovak
generally obtain an exit permit without problems, provided they had their
own convertible currency. Exit permits were abolished on
a fortnight after the Velvet revolution had begun.
259
|
| adam_txt |
Obsah
Úvod
Nástin pasových a vízových předpisů do roku
Pasová politika v letech
Pasové předpisy v letech
Pasová a vystěhovalecká politika v letech
Komunistický převrat a uzavření hranic
Malý pohraniční styk po roce
Problém nedovoleného překročení hranice
a emigrace v padesátých letech
Změny v pasové agendě
Uvolnění cestování do ciziny v letech
Vystěhovalectví v šedesátých letech
Problém svobody cestování v letech
Normalizace a uzavření hranic na Západ
Helsinský proces a problematika cestování
Vznik Nezávislého odborového svazu Solidarita
a cestovní styk
Problémy cestovního styku
Emigrace po roce
Problém emigrace a cestování v období přestavby
Uvolnění cestování
Závěr
Přílohy
Summary
Summary
Travelling Abroad in the
Passports, Visas, and Emigration Policy,
Jan Rychlík
Up to
Austrian Monarchy.
The liberals of the nineteenth century considered the right to travel and to
settle abroad to be a basic civil right. For this reason freedom of travel was
a point raised in the
travel freely abroad was granted for the first time in the Austrian Constitution
passed by the Constitutional Diet in March
came active, however, because the Diet was dissolved. The Constitution of
4
took effect, and the Constitution was finally abolished on
On
trols, but one still had to request a passport to travel abroad. Passports were
issued by the District Authorities
the Police Directorate
was necessary to travel to the states of the German Confederation, but a tra¬
veller had to ask his or her District Office for a simple identity card. This ap¬
plied also to travel to the German Empire, when it came into being in
On
even at the frontiers of the Empire. Under Governmental Decree No.
10
everyone had a right to it, unless he or she had been deprived of freedom of
movement by the court or the authorities. Since there were no controls at the
borders after
without a passport, provided the country in question was willing to allow the
traveller in. Most countries did so, but a passport was still necessary to travel
to Russia, Turkey, Romania, and Bulgaria. In the Hungarian part of Monarchy
(of which Slovakia was a part) a special passport law (No. VI/1903) applied.
This gave citizens of Hungary the right to travel abroad without passports
unless otherwise stated. Passports were issued by the counties
some cities, by the police. Every citizen had a right to obtain the passport un-
257
less he or she had been deprived of such a right by die courts or if a criminal
proceeding had taken place against him or her.
The First World War severely limited the right to travel. Any citizen travel¬
ling abroad had to obtain a passport, and was obliged to explain the reason
for his or her journey. Passports could be issued also for one journey only. Men
could not obtain a passport if they were eligible for military service.
In the first Czechoslovak Republic initially only provisional measures ap¬
plied. Not till
Act (No.
travel abroad. Article
possible to deny a passport. Article 7(d) granted the District Office the right
to deny a passport in order to protect the interests of the State.
During the Second World War German passport legislation applied
in the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, while in Slovakia
Czechoslovak law No.
abroad was allowed unless the traveller could prove that the journey was
truly necessary.
After the liberation in May
in force, but the Ministry of the Interior did not issue a passport unless the
traveller had very good reason. After the Communist takeover of
1948,
on
abroad, and it was up to the Ministry of Interior alone to decide whether the
passport was to be issued. Until
privately even to other "Socialist" (that is, Communist) states. In
the system was gradually relaxed. After
Communist countries were generally permitted. On
Passport Act was passed (No.
principles of the
only for reasons prescribed by law. Article
or Regional Passport Office of the Interior Ministry to deny or withdraw
a passport "if the journey is not in the interest of the State". While travels
to other Communist countries (with some restrictions for Yugoslavia) were
now generally free, restrictions remained for travel to the West. Apart from
a passport, every traveller had to obtain a special exit permit
ka)
(usually a month at most).
In
to obtain a passport and exit permit to go anywhere. A new passport law
258
was drafted, which would have allowed citizens free travel abroad. Owing to
the Soviet-led military occupation of Czechoslovakia (beginning
1968)
hard-line Communism), the bill was not passed. The situation remained still
relatively good for more than a year, until early October
With Government Decree No.
West were practically sealed off to Czechoslovak citizens. While travel to
other Communist countries was more or less left unrestricted (with the ex¬
ception of Yugoslavia again), travel to the West was possible only in order to
visit close relations living legally abroad (that is, not to see anyone who had
illegally emigrated) or else with pre-arranged, prohibitively expensive group
tours. Individual travel to the West was not officially prohibited, but depen¬
ded solely on the decisions of the police. Since the Czechoslovak currency
was not freely convertible, the exit permit was usually issued only with the
consent of the Czechoslovak State Bank. In addition, on
severe restrictions were imposed also on travel to and from Poland for both
political and economical purposes.
Travel abroad was relaxed again in
"Czechoslovak
generally obtain an exit permit without problems, provided they had their
own convertible currency. Exit permits were abolished on
a fortnight after the "Velvet revolution" had begun.
259 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Rychlík, Jan 1954- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)124696236 |
| author_facet | Rychlík, Jan 1954- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Rychlík, Jan 1954- |
| author_variant | j r jr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022508442 |
| callnumber-first | G - Geography, Anthropology, Recreation |
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| callnumber-subject | G - General Geography |
| classification_rvk | KS 3017 MG 96065 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)147734729 (DE-599)BVBBV022508442 |
| discipline | Politologie Slavistik |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie Slavistik |
| era | Geschichte 1848-1918 gnd Geschichte 1918-1989 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1848-1918 Geschichte 1918-1989 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Tschechoslowakei Österreich Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Tschechoslowakei Österreich Böhmische Länder |
| id | DE-604.BV022508442 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:58:28Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:59:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788072850815 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015715392 |
| oclc_num | 147734729 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-M457 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-M457 |
| physical | 259 S. |
| psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Ústav pro Soudobé Dějiny AV ČR |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Česká společnost po roce 1945 |
| series2 | Česká společnost po roce 1945 |
| spelling | Rychlík, Jan 1954- Verfasser (DE-588)124696236 aut Cestováni do ciziny v habsburské monarchii a v Československu pasová, vízová a vystěhovalecká politika 1848 - 1989 Jan Rychlík Praha Ústav pro Soudobé Dějiny AV ČR 2007 259 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Česká společnost po roce 1945 4 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Travelling abroad in the Habsburg monarchy and Czechoslovakia: passports, visas and emigration policy, 1848 - 1989 Geschichte 1848-1918 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1918-1989 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Politik Emigration and immigration law Czechoslovakia Passports Austria History Passports Czechoslovakia History Tourism Government policy Austria History Tourism Government policy Czechoslovakia History Ausreise (DE-588)4432390-6 gnd rswk-swf Tschechoslowakei Österreich Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd rswk-swf Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd rswk-swf Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 g Ausreise (DE-588)4432390-6 s Geschichte 1848-1918 z DE-604 Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 g Geschichte 1918-1989 z Česká společnost po roce 1945 4 (DE-604)BV019605041 4 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015715392&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015715392&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Rychlík, Jan 1954- Cestováni do ciziny v habsburské monarchii a v Československu pasová, vízová a vystěhovalecká politika 1848 - 1989 Česká společnost po roce 1945 Geschichte Politik Emigration and immigration law Czechoslovakia Passports Austria History Passports Czechoslovakia History Tourism Government policy Austria History Tourism Government policy Czechoslovakia History Ausreise (DE-588)4432390-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4432390-6 (DE-588)4069573-6 (DE-588)4078435-6 |
| title | Cestováni do ciziny v habsburské monarchii a v Československu pasová, vízová a vystěhovalecká politika 1848 - 1989 |
| title_auth | Cestováni do ciziny v habsburské monarchii a v Československu pasová, vízová a vystěhovalecká politika 1848 - 1989 |
| title_exact_search | Cestováni do ciziny v habsburské monarchii a v Československu pasová, vízová a vystěhovalecká politika 1848 - 1989 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Cestováni do ciziny v habsburské monarchii a v Československu pasová, vízová a vystěhovalecká politika 1848 - 1989 |
| title_full | Cestováni do ciziny v habsburské monarchii a v Československu pasová, vízová a vystěhovalecká politika 1848 - 1989 Jan Rychlík |
| title_fullStr | Cestováni do ciziny v habsburské monarchii a v Československu pasová, vízová a vystěhovalecká politika 1848 - 1989 Jan Rychlík |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cestováni do ciziny v habsburské monarchii a v Československu pasová, vízová a vystěhovalecká politika 1848 - 1989 Jan Rychlík |
| title_short | Cestováni do ciziny v habsburské monarchii a v Československu |
| title_sort | cestovani do ciziny v habsburske monarchii a v ceskoslovensku pasova vizova a vystehovalecka politika 1848 1989 |
| title_sub | pasová, vízová a vystěhovalecká politika 1848 - 1989 |
| topic | Geschichte Politik Emigration and immigration law Czechoslovakia Passports Austria History Passports Czechoslovakia History Tourism Government policy Austria History Tourism Government policy Czechoslovakia History Ausreise (DE-588)4432390-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Politik Emigration and immigration law Czechoslovakia Passports Austria History Passports Czechoslovakia History Tourism Government policy Austria History Tourism Government policy Czechoslovakia History Ausreise Tschechoslowakei Österreich Böhmische Länder |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015715392&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015715392&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019605041 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rychlikjan cestovanidocizinyvhabsburskemonarchiiavceskoslovenskupasovavizovaavystehovaleckapolitika18481989 |