Approaches to research in second language learning:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Undetermined |
| Veröffentlicht: |
White Plains, NY
Longman
1995
|
| Ausgabe: | [Nachdr.] |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 253 S. |
| ISBN: | 0801306043 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgments
Part I: Contexts for L2 Research
1.
Goals for Readers
Applying L2 Research: Reflection and Action
Operating on Intuition?
Applying Research as Re-seeing Learning
Background Knowledge and Resources
Organization and Orientation
Organization
Orientation
Contexts for L2 Research
Contextual Influences on Topics of
Conclusion
Appendix: Institutional Contexts for Conducting L2 Research
2.
A More Balanced View of the Social and Personal Nature of
Learning
ix
CONTENTS
Personal
Talking the Right English
Interactions between Social Contexts and Personal Factors
Diversity in Research Method
Contrasting Paradigms
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Approaches
Multisite, Multimethod, Large-Scale Research
Acculturation and Second Language Acquisition
Language-Class Anxiety and Participation
Evaluation of the Migrant Program
Computers in Language-Learning Environments
A Survey of CALL
Conclusion
Part II: Approaches to Research
3.
What Is Correlational Research?
Uses of Correlation in L2 Research
Validity and Reliability in Measurement
Validity
Reliability
Criteria for Analyzing Correlational Studies
Sample Correlational Study: Variation in Target Language Goals
A Complex Correlational Approach
Sample Complex Correlational Study: Affect, Risktaking, and L2
Proficiency
Conclusion
Appendix: Sample Questionnaire Items from Complex Correlational
Study
4.
What Is a Case Study?
Uses of Case Studies
Learning Portuguese
Coping with Academic Content in a Second Language
Scaffolding, Problem Solving, and Second Language Learning
CONTENTS xi
Second Language Writing
Reading Strategies
Adult Literacy
Modifying Input Strategies: The Conversion of a Teacher
Issues in Case-Study Methodology
The Initial Research Question
The Unit of Study: Determining the Boundaries of the Case
Data-Collection Techniques
Analysis: A Search for Patterns
The Case-Study Report
Criteria for Analyzing Case Studies
Sample Case Study: A Tale of Two Writers
Conclusion
5.
What Is Survey Research?
Uses of Surveys
The Demographic Context
Languages in the Schools
Applied Linguistics Course Content in Universities
Foreign Language Writing Courses in Spanish
Professors Reactions to
The Regular Classroom Teacher s Perspective
The Learner
Sociolinguistic Studies of Language Use
Issues in Survey Design
Defining a Population
Sampling 111
Methods of Collecting Survey Data
Data Analyses
Bias Due to
Criteria for Analyzing Surveys
Sample Survey: Employment of Graduates of Bilingual Education
Programs in Colleges and Universities
Conclusion
6.
What Is Ethnography?
The Ethnography of Schooling
The Ethnography of Communication
xii CONTENTS
Uses of Ethnographies
Cultural Discontinuities for Native Americans
Contrasting Acculturation Patterns
Literate Behaviors at Home
Bilingual Education and
Cultural and Occupational Adjustment of Vietnamese Adults
Doing Ethnographic Research
The Dynamic Nature of Research Questions
The Role of Theory
Ethnographic Purpose
Field Techniques: Watching and Asking
Holism: Attending to Contexts
Ethnographic Analysis
The Written Account
Criteria for Assessing Ethnographic Reports
Sample Ethnographic Study: Cultural Accommodation of Asian Indian
Immigrants
Conclusion
7.
What Is Experimental Research?
Uses of Experiments
A Writing Experiment
A Cooperative Learning Experiment
A Learning Strategy Experiment
Reading Experiments
Experiments in Negotiated Interaction
Experiments in Cognitive Aspects of Grammar
Experimental Design Considerations
The Research Question and Hypotheses
Independent and Dependent Variables
The Population, the Subjects, and the Researcher
Causality and Control
Internal and External Validity
Criteria for Assessing an L2 Experiment
Sample Experimental Study: Effects of Content-based Peer Teaching
Conclusion
8.
What Is Multisite, Multimethod, Large-Scale Research?
Evaluation versus Research
CONTENTS xiii
Uses of Multisite, Multimethod, Large-Scale Research
Studying Pragmatics across Cultures
The L2 Methods-Comparison Studies
Bilingual Program Evaluations
Aggregate Effects of Federal Programs
Crossing the Schoolhouse Border
Multiple Methods
Data Collection and Analysis
Meta-analysis and
Fourth-Generation Evaluation
Criteria for Assessing Studies
Sample Study: An Evaluation of the Migrant Education Program
Conclusion
9.
Donna M. Johnson and Lihe Chen
Roles of Teachers in Relation to Research
Teachers Reading and Applying Research
Teachers Doing Research
What Is Teacher-Research?
Issues in Teacher-Research
The L2 Teacher s Perspective
Methods and Standards
Topics
Goals of Teacher-Researchers
10.
Research Types as Evolving Frameworks
Linking Method to Purpose
L2 Research for What?
Appendix: Resources for L2 Research
Indexes and Abstracts
Surveys of Research
Journals
Index
Approaches to Research in Second Language Learning provides a comprehensive, up-to-date,
highly readable treatment ot six major approaches to research in classroom second language
learning: correlational, case sludy, survey, ethnographic, expoimental, and
of these approaches, the text includes illustrative studies, methodological principles, and an
extended sample study that guides readers in critical evaluation.
Approaches to Research in Second Language Learning:
ШШШ
ШШ
approaches
■■
foreign language learning
ШШ
ШШШ
and
■■I Employs authentic examples throughout
Donna H. Johnson is assistant professor in the Department of English at
where she teaches courses in second language theory, research, and teaching; linguistics; and
cultural
Writing: Empowering ESL Students (Longman,
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Acknowledgments
Part I: Contexts for L2 Research
1.
Goals for Readers
Applying L2 Research: Reflection and Action
Operating on Intuition?
Applying Research as Re-seeing Learning
Background Knowledge and Resources
Organization and Orientation
Organization
Orientation
Contexts for L2 Research
Contextual Influences on Topics of
Conclusion
Appendix: Institutional Contexts for Conducting L2 Research
2.
A More Balanced View of the Social and Personal Nature of
Learning
ix
CONTENTS
Personal
Talking the Right English
Interactions between Social Contexts and Personal Factors
Diversity in Research Method
Contrasting Paradigms
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Approaches
Multisite, Multimethod, Large-Scale Research
Acculturation and Second Language Acquisition
Language-Class Anxiety and Participation
Evaluation of the Migrant Program
Computers in Language-Learning Environments
A Survey of CALL
Conclusion
Part II: Approaches to Research
3.
What Is Correlational Research?
Uses of Correlation in L2 Research
Validity and Reliability in Measurement
Validity
Reliability
Criteria for Analyzing Correlational Studies
Sample Correlational Study: Variation in Target Language Goals
A Complex Correlational Approach
Sample Complex Correlational Study: Affect, Risktaking, and L2
Proficiency
Conclusion
Appendix: Sample Questionnaire Items from Complex Correlational
Study
4.
What Is a Case Study?
Uses of Case Studies
Learning Portuguese
Coping with Academic Content in a Second Language
Scaffolding, Problem Solving, and Second Language Learning
CONTENTS xi
Second Language Writing
Reading Strategies
Adult Literacy
Modifying Input Strategies: The Conversion of a Teacher
Issues in Case-Study Methodology
The Initial Research Question
The Unit of Study: Determining the Boundaries of the Case
Data-Collection Techniques
Analysis: A Search for Patterns
The Case-Study Report
Criteria for Analyzing Case Studies
Sample Case Study: A Tale of Two Writers
Conclusion
5.
What Is Survey Research?
Uses of Surveys
The Demographic Context
Languages in the Schools
Applied Linguistics Course Content in Universities
Foreign Language Writing Courses in Spanish
Professors' Reactions to
The "Regular" Classroom Teacher's Perspective
The Learner
Sociolinguistic Studies of Language Use
Issues in Survey Design
Defining a Population
Sampling 111
Methods of Collecting Survey Data
Data Analyses
Bias Due to
Criteria for Analyzing Surveys
Sample Survey: Employment of Graduates of Bilingual Education
Programs in Colleges and Universities
Conclusion
6.
What Is Ethnography?
The Ethnography of Schooling
The Ethnography of Communication
xii CONTENTS
Uses of Ethnographies
Cultural Discontinuities for Native Americans
Contrasting Acculturation Patterns
Literate Behaviors at Home
Bilingual Education and
Cultural and Occupational Adjustment of Vietnamese Adults
Doing Ethnographic Research
The Dynamic Nature of Research Questions
The Role of Theory
Ethnographic Purpose
Field Techniques: Watching and Asking
Holism: Attending to Contexts
Ethnographic Analysis
The Written Account
Criteria for Assessing Ethnographic Reports
Sample Ethnographic Study: Cultural Accommodation of Asian Indian
Immigrants
Conclusion
7.
What Is Experimental Research?
Uses of Experiments
A Writing Experiment
A Cooperative Learning Experiment
A Learning Strategy Experiment
Reading Experiments
Experiments in Negotiated Interaction
Experiments in Cognitive Aspects of Grammar
Experimental Design Considerations
The Research Question and Hypotheses
Independent and Dependent Variables
The Population, the Subjects, and the Researcher
Causality and Control
Internal and External Validity
Criteria for Assessing an L2 Experiment
Sample Experimental Study: Effects of Content-based Peer Teaching
Conclusion
8.
What Is Multisite, Multimethod, Large-Scale Research?
Evaluation versus Research
CONTENTS xiii
Uses of Multisite, Multimethod, Large-Scale Research
Studying Pragmatics across Cultures
The L2 Methods-Comparison Studies
Bilingual Program Evaluations
Aggregate Effects of Federal Programs
Crossing the Schoolhouse Border
Multiple Methods
Data Collection and Analysis
Meta-analysis and
Fourth-Generation Evaluation
Criteria for Assessing Studies
Sample Study: An Evaluation of the Migrant Education Program
Conclusion
9.
Donna M. Johnson and Lihe Chen
Roles of Teachers in Relation to Research
Teachers Reading and Applying Research
Teachers Doing Research
What Is Teacher-Research?
Issues in Teacher-Research
The L2 Teacher's Perspective
Methods and Standards
Topics
Goals of Teacher-Researchers
10.
Research Types as Evolving Frameworks
Linking Method to Purpose
L2 Research for What?
Appendix: Resources for L2 Research
Indexes and Abstracts
Surveys of Research
Journals
Index
Approaches to Research in Second Language Learning provides a comprehensive, up-to-date,
highly readable treatment ot six major approaches to research in classroom second language
learning: correlational, case sludy, survey, ethnographic, expoimental, and
of these approaches, the text includes illustrative studies, methodological principles, and an
extended sample study that guides readers in critical evaluation.
Approaches to Research in Second Language Learning:
ШШШ
ШШ
approaches
■■
foreign language learning
ШШ
ШШШ
and
■■I Employs authentic examples throughout
Donna H. Johnson is assistant professor in the Department of English at
where she teaches courses in second language theory, research, and teaching; linguistics; and
cultural
Writing: Empowering ESL Students (Longman, |
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