Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Geneva
World Health Organization
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. draft |
| Schriftenreihe: | Environmental health criteria
234 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 238 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9241572345 9789241572347 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 490 | 1 | |a Environmental health criteria |v 234 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biodisponibilité | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Exposição ambiental |2 larpcal | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Medição de risco |2 larpcal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Oligoéléments - Spéciation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Oligoéléments - Spéciation - Technique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Risques pour la santé - Évaluation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Surveillance biologique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Toxicologie analytique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Éléments chimiques - Effets physiologiques | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Analytical toxicology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bioavailability | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biological monitoring | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemical elements |x Physiological effect | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental Exposure |x adverse effects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Health risk assessment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Metals, Heavy |x analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Metals, Heavy |x toxicity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Risk Assessment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Trace elements |x Speciation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Trace elements |x Speciation |x Technique | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136597243822080 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR
ELEMENTAL SPECIATION IN HUMAN HEALTH RISK
ASSESSMENT
PREAMBLE ix
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xvii
1. SUMMARY 1
1.1 Scope and purpose of the document 1
1.2 Definitions 1
1.3 Structural aspects of speciation 1
1.4 Analytical techniques and methodology 2
1.5 Bioaccessibility and bioavailability 3
1.6 Toxicokinetics and biomonitoring 4
1.6.1 Toxicokinetics 4
1.6.2 Biomonitoring 5
1.7 Molecular and cellular mechanisms of metal
toxic ity 6
1.8 Health effects 7
2. DEFINITIONS OF SPECIES AND SPECIATION 8
3. STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF SPECIATION 11
3.1 Isotopic composition 11
3.2 Electronic and oxidation states 12
3.3 Inorganic and organic compounds and complexes 15
3.4 Organometallic species 18
3.5 Macromolecular compounds and complexes 21
4. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND
METHODOLOGY 22
4.1 Introduction 22
4.2 Sample collection and storage 24
4.3 Sample preparation 28
4.3.1 Preliminary treatment of biological fluids 28
EHC 234: Elemental Speciation in Human Health Risk Assessment
4.3.2 Preliminary treatment of tissues and plants 30
4.3.3 Choice between low molecular mass and
high molecular mass compounds 32
4.3.4 Desalting 32
4.3.5 Sample cleanup 33
4.3.6 Extraction procedures 33
4.3.7 Preconcentration of the species 34
4.3.8 Derivatization 34
4.4 Separation techniques 35
4.4.1 Liquid chromatography 35
4.4.2 Gas chromatography 36
4.4.3 Capillary electrophoresis 37
4.4.4 Gel electrophoresis 37
4.5 Sequential extraction schemes for the
fractionation of sediments, soils, aerosols, and
fly ash 38
4.6 Detection: elemental and molecular 39
4.6.1 Atomic absorption spectrometry 39
4.6.2 Atomic fluorescence spectrometry 41
4.6.3 Atomic emission spectrometry 41
4.6.4 Inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry 41
4.6.5 Plasma source time of flight mass
spectrometry 42
4.6.6 Glow discharge plasmas as tunable sources
for elemental speciation 42
4.6.7 Electrospray mass spectrometry 43
4.6.8 Electrochemical methods 43
4.7 Calibration in elemental speciation analysis 44
4.8 Reference materials 45
4.9 Direct speciation analysis of elements and particles 45
4.10 State of the art 46
5. BIOACCESSIBILITY AND BIO AVAILABILITY 48
5.1 Introduction 48
5.2 Bioaccessibility of elements in soils and sediments 48
5.2.1 Factors affecting the mobility and
accessibility of elements in terrestrial (soil)
environments 48
5.2.2 Factors affecting the mobility and
accessibility of elements in sediment
iv
Contents
environments 50
5.3 Determinants of bioavailability 52
5.3.1 Uptake by carriers 55
5.3.2 Uptake and physical form 59
5.3.3 Uptake and complexation 60
5.3.4 Selective uptake according to charge and
size 62
5.3.5 Selective uptake according to binding
affinity for different cationic centres 63
5.3.6 Selective uptake involving kinetic binding
traps, with or without accompanying redox
reactions 63
5.3.7 Uptake of organometallic compounds 65
5.3.8 Exposure concentration and uptake 65
5.3.9 Competition in the uptake and toxicity of
non nutrient elements 66
5.4 Incorporation of bioaccessibility and
bioavailability considerations in risk assessment 67
5.4.1 Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in
current approaches to environmental and
human risk assessment 68
5.4.2 The biotic ligand model 68
6. TOXICOKINETICS AND BIOLOGICAL
MONITORING 70
6.1 Introduction 70
6.2 Absorption 72
6.2.1 Chromium 73
6.2.2 Manganese 74
6.2.3 Iron 76
6.2.4 Cobalt 76
6.2.5 Nickel 77
6.2.6 Copper 78
6.2.7 Arsenic 78
6.2.8 Selenium 80
6.2.9 Cadmium 81
6.2.10 Mercury 81
6.2.11 Lead 83
6.3 Disposition, excretion, and protein binding 85
6.3.1 Chromium 86
v
EHC 234: Elemental Speciation in Human Health Risk Assessment
6.3.2 Manganese 88
6.3.3 Copper 89
6.3.4 Zinc 90
6.3.5 Arsenic 90
6.3.6 Selenium 91
6.3.7 Silver 91
6.3.8 Cadmium 92
6.3.9 Mercury 93
6.3.10 Lead 96
6.4 Biotransformation 97
6.4.1 Chromium 98
6.4.2 Manganese 98
6.4.3 Arsenic 98
6.4.4 Selenium 102
6.4.5 Mercury 102
6.5 Exposure assessment and biological monitoring 104
6.5.1 Exposure assessment 104
6.5.2 Speciation in biological monitoring 105
7. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF
METAL TOXICITY HI
7.1 Introduction HI
7.2 Mechanisms ofDNA damage and repair HI
7.3 Metal protein interactions 114
7.4 Generation of reactive oxygen species 119
7.5 Effects on the immune system 120
7.5.1 Mechanisms of sensitization 120
7.5.2 Immunosuppression 121
8. HEALTH EFFECTS 122
8.1 Introduction 122
8.2 Acute toxicity 122
8.2.1 Chromium 122
8.2.2 Nickel 123
8.2.3 Arsenic 124
8.2.4 Tin 126
8.2.5 Barium 127
8.2.6 Mercury 128
8.2.7 Lead 129
8.3 Sensitization and irritation 130
vi
Contents
8.3.1 Chromium 131
8.3.2 Nickel 132
8.3.3 Palladium 132
8.3.4 Platinum 133
8.4 Lungtoxicity 134
8.4.1 Cobalt 134
8.5 Neurotoxicity 136
8.5.1 Manganese 13 6
8.5.2 Tin 137
8.5.3 Mercury 138
8.5.4 Thallium 141
8.5.5 Lead 142
8.6 Nephrotoxicity 144
8.6.1 Cadmium 144
8.7 Reproductive toxicity 145
8.7.1 Nickel 145
8.7.2 Mercury 146
8.8 Genotoxicity 148
8.8.1 Chromium 148
8.8.2 Cobalt 150
8.9 Carcinogenicity 153
8.9.1 Chromium 153
8.9.2 Cobalt 154
8.9.3 Nickel 156
8.9.4 Arsenic 158
9. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 162
REFERENCES 164
RESUME 220
RESUMEN 228
INDEX OF ELEMENTS 236
vii
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR
ELEMENTAL SPECIATION IN HUMAN HEALTH RISK
ASSESSMENT
PREAMBLE ix
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xvii
1. SUMMARY 1
1.1 Scope and purpose of the document 1
1.2 Definitions 1
1.3 Structural aspects of speciation 1
1.4 Analytical techniques and methodology 2
1.5 Bioaccessibility and bioavailability 3
1.6 Toxicokinetics and biomonitoring 4
1.6.1 Toxicokinetics 4
1.6.2 Biomonitoring 5
1.7 Molecular and cellular mechanisms of metal
toxic ity 6
1.8 Health effects 7
2. DEFINITIONS OF SPECIES AND SPECIATION 8
3. STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF SPECIATION 11
3.1 Isotopic composition 11
3.2 Electronic and oxidation states 12
3.3 Inorganic and organic compounds and complexes 15
3.4 Organometallic species 18
3.5 Macromolecular compounds and complexes 21
4. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND
METHODOLOGY 22
4.1 Introduction 22
4.2 Sample collection and storage 24
4.3 Sample preparation 28
4.3.1 Preliminary treatment of biological fluids 28
EHC 234: Elemental Speciation in Human Health Risk Assessment
4.3.2 Preliminary treatment of tissues and plants 30
4.3.3 Choice between low molecular mass and
high molecular mass compounds 32
4.3.4 Desalting 32
4.3.5 Sample cleanup 33
4.3.6 Extraction procedures 33
4.3.7 Preconcentration of the species 34
4.3.8 Derivatization 34
4.4 Separation techniques 35
4.4.1 Liquid chromatography 35
4.4.2 Gas chromatography 36
4.4.3 Capillary electrophoresis 37
4.4.4 Gel electrophoresis 37
4.5 Sequential extraction schemes for the
fractionation of sediments, soils, aerosols, and
fly ash 38
4.6 Detection: elemental and molecular 39
4.6.1 Atomic absorption spectrometry 39
4.6.2 Atomic fluorescence spectrometry 41
4.6.3 Atomic emission spectrometry 41
4.6.4 Inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry 41
4.6.5 Plasma source time of flight mass
spectrometry 42
4.6.6 Glow discharge plasmas as tunable sources
for elemental speciation 42
4.6.7 Electrospray mass spectrometry 43
4.6.8 Electrochemical methods 43
4.7 Calibration in elemental speciation analysis 44
4.8 Reference materials 45
4.9 Direct speciation analysis of elements and particles 45
4.10 State of the art 46
5. BIOACCESSIBILITY AND BIO AVAILABILITY 48
5.1 Introduction 48
5.2 Bioaccessibility of elements in soils and sediments 48
5.2.1 Factors affecting the mobility and
accessibility of elements in terrestrial (soil)
environments 48
5.2.2 Factors affecting the mobility and
accessibility of elements in sediment
iv
Contents
environments 50
5.3 Determinants of bioavailability 52
5.3.1 Uptake by carriers 55
5.3.2 Uptake and physical form 59
5.3.3 Uptake and complexation 60
5.3.4 Selective uptake according to charge and
size 62
5.3.5 Selective uptake according to binding
affinity for different cationic centres 63
5.3.6 Selective uptake involving kinetic binding
traps, with or without accompanying redox
reactions 63
5.3.7 Uptake of organometallic compounds 65
5.3.8 Exposure concentration and uptake 65
5.3.9 Competition in the uptake and toxicity of
non nutrient elements 66
5.4 Incorporation of bioaccessibility and
bioavailability considerations in risk assessment 67
5.4.1 Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in
current approaches to environmental and
human risk assessment 68
5.4.2 The biotic ligand model 68
6. TOXICOKINETICS AND BIOLOGICAL
MONITORING 70
6.1 Introduction 70
6.2 Absorption 72
6.2.1 Chromium 73
6.2.2 Manganese 74
6.2.3 Iron 76
6.2.4 Cobalt 76
6.2.5 Nickel 77
6.2.6 Copper 78
6.2.7 Arsenic 78
6.2.8 Selenium 80
6.2.9 Cadmium 81
6.2.10 Mercury 81
6.2.11 Lead 83
6.3 Disposition, excretion, and protein binding 85
6.3.1 Chromium 86
v
EHC 234: Elemental Speciation in Human Health Risk Assessment
6.3.2 Manganese 88
6.3.3 Copper 89
6.3.4 Zinc 90
6.3.5 Arsenic 90
6.3.6 Selenium 91
6.3.7 Silver 91
6.3.8 Cadmium 92
6.3.9 Mercury 93
6.3.10 Lead 96
6.4 Biotransformation 97
6.4.1 Chromium 98
6.4.2 Manganese 98
6.4.3 Arsenic 98
6.4.4 Selenium 102
6.4.5 Mercury 102
6.5 Exposure assessment and biological monitoring 104
6.5.1 Exposure assessment 104
6.5.2 Speciation in biological monitoring 105
7. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF
METAL TOXICITY HI
7.1 Introduction HI
7.2 Mechanisms ofDNA damage and repair HI
7.3 Metal protein interactions 114
7.4 Generation of reactive oxygen species 119
7.5 Effects on the immune system 120
7.5.1 Mechanisms of sensitization 120
7.5.2 Immunosuppression 121
8. HEALTH EFFECTS 122
8.1 Introduction 122
8.2 Acute toxicity 122
8.2.1 Chromium 122
8.2.2 Nickel 123
8.2.3 Arsenic 124
8.2.4 Tin 126
8.2.5 Barium 127
8.2.6 Mercury 128
8.2.7 Lead 129
8.3 Sensitization and irritation 130
vi
Contents
8.3.1 Chromium 131
8.3.2 Nickel 132
8.3.3 Palladium 132
8.3.4 Platinum 133
8.4 Lungtoxicity 134
8.4.1 Cobalt 134
8.5 Neurotoxicity 136
8.5.1 Manganese 13 6
8.5.2 Tin 137
8.5.3 Mercury 138
8.5.4 Thallium 141
8.5.5 Lead 142
8.6 Nephrotoxicity 144
8.6.1 Cadmium 144
8.7 Reproductive toxicity 145
8.7.1 Nickel 145
8.7.2 Mercury 146
8.8 Genotoxicity 148
8.8.1 Chromium 148
8.8.2 Cobalt 150
8.9 Carcinogenicity 153
8.9.1 Chromium 153
8.9.2 Cobalt 154
8.9.3 Nickel 156
8.9.4 Arsenic 158
9. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 162
REFERENCES 164
RESUME 220
RESUMEN 228
INDEX OF ELEMENTS 236
vii |
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| id | DE-604.BV022498996 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:54:43Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:58:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9241572345 9789241572347 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015706084 |
| oclc_num | 148696118 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | XVIII, 238 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | World Health Organization |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Environmental health criteria |
| series2 | Environmental health criteria |
| spelling | Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment prepared by P. Apostoli ... 1. draft Geneva World Health Organization 2006 XVIII, 238 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Environmental health criteria 234 Biodisponibilité Exposição ambiental larpcal Medição de risco larpcal Oligoéléments - Spéciation Oligoéléments - Spéciation - Technique Risques pour la santé - Évaluation Surveillance biologique Toxicologie analytique Éléments chimiques - Effets physiologiques Analytical toxicology Bioavailability Biological monitoring Chemical elements Physiological effect Environmental Exposure adverse effects Health risk assessment Metals, Heavy analysis Metals, Heavy toxicity Risk Assessment Trace elements Speciation Trace elements Speciation Technique Gesundheitsgefährdung (DE-588)4071808-6 gnd rswk-swf Risikoanalyse (DE-588)4137042-9 gnd rswk-swf Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 gnd rswk-swf Toxizität (DE-588)4078372-8 gnd rswk-swf Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 s Toxizität (DE-588)4078372-8 s DE-604 Gesundheitsgefährdung (DE-588)4071808-6 s Risikoanalyse (DE-588)4137042-9 s b DE-604 Apostoli, P. Sonstige oth Environmental health criteria 234 (DE-604)BV000011459 234 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015706084&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment Environmental health criteria Biodisponibilité Exposição ambiental larpcal Medição de risco larpcal Oligoéléments - Spéciation Oligoéléments - Spéciation - Technique Risques pour la santé - Évaluation Surveillance biologique Toxicologie analytique Éléments chimiques - Effets physiologiques Analytical toxicology Bioavailability Biological monitoring Chemical elements Physiological effect Environmental Exposure adverse effects Health risk assessment Metals, Heavy analysis Metals, Heavy toxicity Risk Assessment Trace elements Speciation Trace elements Speciation Technique Gesundheitsgefährdung (DE-588)4071808-6 gnd Risikoanalyse (DE-588)4137042-9 gnd Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 gnd Toxizität (DE-588)4078372-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071808-6 (DE-588)4137042-9 (DE-588)4117281-4 (DE-588)4078372-8 |
| title | Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment |
| title_auth | Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment |
| title_exact_search | Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment |
| title_full | Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment prepared by P. Apostoli ... |
| title_fullStr | Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment prepared by P. Apostoli ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment prepared by P. Apostoli ... |
| title_short | Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment |
| title_sort | elemental speciation in human health risk assessment |
| topic | Biodisponibilité Exposição ambiental larpcal Medição de risco larpcal Oligoéléments - Spéciation Oligoéléments - Spéciation - Technique Risques pour la santé - Évaluation Surveillance biologique Toxicologie analytique Éléments chimiques - Effets physiologiques Analytical toxicology Bioavailability Biological monitoring Chemical elements Physiological effect Environmental Exposure adverse effects Health risk assessment Metals, Heavy analysis Metals, Heavy toxicity Risk Assessment Trace elements Speciation Trace elements Speciation Technique Gesundheitsgefährdung (DE-588)4071808-6 gnd Risikoanalyse (DE-588)4137042-9 gnd Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 gnd Toxizität (DE-588)4078372-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biodisponibilité Exposição ambiental Medição de risco Oligoéléments - Spéciation Oligoéléments - Spéciation - Technique Risques pour la santé - Évaluation Surveillance biologique Toxicologie analytique Éléments chimiques - Effets physiologiques Analytical toxicology Bioavailability Biological monitoring Chemical elements Physiological effect Environmental Exposure adverse effects Health risk assessment Metals, Heavy analysis Metals, Heavy toxicity Risk Assessment Trace elements Speciation Trace elements Speciation Technique Gesundheitsgefährdung Risikoanalyse Umweltchemikalie Toxizität |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015706084&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000011459 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT apostolip elementalspeciationinhumanhealthriskassessment |