Dietrichsteinové z Mikulova: výsledky antropologického výzkumu vybraných příslušníků rodu
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Brno
Masarykova Univ.
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | Vyd. 1. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Dietrichstein Family in Mikulov |
| Beschreibung: | 271 S., [16] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 8021040653 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Dietrichsteinové z Mikulova |b výsledky antropologického výzkumu vybraných příslušníků rodu |c Eva Drozdová |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Brno |b Masarykova Univ. |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a 271 S., [16] Bl. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Dietrichstein Family in Mikulov | ||
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| 650 | 7 | |a Anthropometry |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Antropologický výzkum - Česko |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Antropometrie |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a House of nobility - Czech Republic - 16th-18th centuries |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Hrobky - Česko |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Human remains (archaeology) |2 czenas | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136596512964608 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Obsah
Předmluva
1.
2.
3.
4.
zkoumaných kosterních pozůstatků
Metody
Charakteristika zkoumaného vzorku
5.
a Václav Vilém Popel, hrabě Lobkovic
Z historie
Antropologický rozbor
(1597-3./4.2.
Antropologický rozbor
(20.3. 1598 -16. 2.1626) / 42
6.
Z historie
Antropologický rozbor
7.
sv.p.
Z historie
Antropologický rozbor
8.
(25. 9.1636 - 28.11.1698
Z historie
Antropologický rozbor
9. Raimund
Z historie
Antropologický rozbor
10.
Z
Antropologický rozbor
11.
Z historie
Antropologický rozbor
12.
druhá žena
Z
Antropologický rozbor
13.
(28. 4.1702 - 24.10.1784) / 117
Z historie
Antropologický
14.
žena knížete Karla Maxmiliána Filipa
Z historie
Antropologický
15.
šestého knížete Dietrichsteina
Z historie
Antropologický
16.
Z historie
Antropologický
17.
zkoumaných členů rodiny Dietrichsteinů
18.
19.
20.
zkoumaných příslušníků rodiny Dietrichsteinů
21.
22.
zkoumaných členů rodu Dietrichsteinů
23.
Dietrichsteinů — Lubomír Prokeš, Jitka Hegrová
24.
Františky Lobkovicové-Dietrichsteinové
25.
26.
27.
28.
27.
The
Dobromila Brichtová
The princely
Adam
diplomatic service of the Vienna
The
expanded by Adam s son, Cardinal Franz
of
in Prague s St Vitus Cathedral in close proximity of the Emperor
Cardinal Franz was buried in
Cathedral, his damaged coffin was removed from the tomb and the remains were
reinterred in the common burial ground behind
Emperor Joseph II, in the area called
princes
Maxmilián
his uncle s title and dominion.
became Marshal of Moravia and during the years
Emperor Ferdinand III. He married twice. His first wife was Anna Maria
Liechtenstein of
with. In
(1626-1677),
ter of
Vilém
Francisca
The successor of
(1636-1698).
and between
council of the Emperor Leopold I and determined state policy during the anti-Habsburg
Rakoczi, Zrinsky, and
Elisabeth
to the
of them lived to reach adulthood.
The successor of Prince Ferdinand Joseph
Ignaz
for the
Salm
212 /.
When Leopold Ignaz died without a heir, the
brother, Prince
determined by the family to become a clergyman. He held the office of Chief Land
Justice and subsequently acted as Highest Chamberlain of the Moravian Margraviate.
Prince Walter
Boskovice
Maxmiliána
His oldest son Prince Karl
an
enlightened Josephinism. In
the Empress Maria Theresa and Francis
guests and they also celebrated their silver wedding there in
Philipp
children.
Karl
Dietrichstein (1728—1808). Johann Karl was in
Austrian envoy to Copenhagen, and during the reign of Joseph II in the Emperor s
service as envoy to Venice. In
on his journeys throughout Europe. Following the fire in
court relocated to Vienna, where up till then the
temporarily. Prince
had eight children. Princess Maria Christina was one of the major figures of her time.
Their son, Prince Franz Joseph
under General Laudon in the Turkish War and acted as Austrian envoy to Petersburg
and Berlin. In
part of Poland. After his death in
laid to rest in the
by a Prague sculpturer
he married Princess Shuvalova
Dietrichstein.
Prince Joseph
He married
After Joseph s death, the daughters divided the property among themselves by drawing
lots. The oldest, Countess Maria
Cvrčovice,
and Thiergarten. Countess
Clothilde
and Dubňany.
Alexandrine
Alexander
confirmed by the Emperor; thus he and his heirs took on the name of Princes
Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg,
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MIKULOVA
Hugo Alphons
and their only son Alexander
He married Maria
Mikulov
marriage is Countess
Nicolsburg-Mensdorff-Pouilly, born in
homeland Argentina, in Buenos Aires. She worked there as psychologist, since
is the Head of the University Hospital Foundation in Buenos Aires.
Results of the Anthropological Analysis
The general reconstruction of the severely dilapidated
(Fig.
a part of the princely
concerned not only the building of the former Church of St Anna (present tomb), but
also the wooden catafalques and some of the coffins placed on top of them (Fig. VI).
Forty-five members of the
some of the coffins were damaged by burglars searching for valuables in the coffins of
the most prominent members of the family. Disintegration of other coffins was caused
by their age and fatigue of material. Since the skeletal remains had to be removed from
the coffins prior to their reconstruction, it was decided that an anthropological research
of the skeletal remains would be carried out.
At the request of the municipal authorities, the research was conducted by the
Department of Anthropology of the Faculty of Science at the
Brno.
Field research at the
throughout the next research period in the summer of
Petrásková
this was a part of their summer training (Fig. I). During the field research, skeletal
remains of the
and the site was documented. All findings, apart from the skeletal remains, were
immediately handed over to the Regional Museum in
examination.
During the first research period in
of the coffins. The first examined was the coffin of Count Joseph Franz
(Fig. 3)
Ignaz
these coffins were plundered. In the fall of the same year, both aristocrats were once
again buried in the reconstructed coffins (Fig.
One year later, in
At first, the coffin of Prince Karl
214 /
next came the coffin of Prince
of his wife
Ferdinand Joseph
II
(Fig.
As next, the content of the coffins of Countess Maria Anna Josepha
née
Christina von Dietrichstein
The coffins of Prince
von Dietrichstein,
von Dietrichstein
The coffins of Prince Karl
Princess Maria Anna Josepha, and Princess Maria Christina were damaged but had not
been broken into by thieves, so the contents remained untouched. The skeletal remains
of most of the persons examined were transported to the Department of Anthropo¬
logy of the Faculty of Science at the
anthropological research was realized and samples of osseous tissue were taken. After
having completed the anthropological analysis, the skeletal remains of all of the
Dietrichstein
11th,
In June
in
Dietrichstein,
(Drozdová a kol.
destroyed by burglars; the coffin of his wife was damaged merely by its old age. It was
the coffin of
items illustrating lives of the people of the 17th century.
Margaretha
Margaretha Francisca Lobkowicz
daughter of
famous Cardinal
Dietrichstein.
She and her younger brother
Count
married Count
during delivery of her first child, a son that was to live.
The date of
the metallic coffin in which she had been buried and remained until the commencement
of the anthropological research,
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ
died during the delivery on February
days, leaving a son behind. So much for the inscription on the coffin. However, according
to Brun s genealogy of the
she would have died at the age of
If the data on the coffin is correct, she was born sometime in
Countess
physique,
from rickets that distorted her vertebral column and rib cage and reduced the length
of her trunk (Fig.
16
analysis determined the age at death between
were observed on the dentition of mandible, where the both first molars were destroyed
by caries. She measured
she died during delivery, we found no trace (death during or shortly after delivery was
proved by the analysis of trace elements which showed high level of strontium in
Margaretha
we can assume that her death could have been caused by labour complications produced
by heavy scoliosis. Her identification from the anthropological point of view is positive.
It was confirmed by the
reconstruction of the appearance according to the skull (Fig. XX).
Václav Vilém Popel Lobkowícz
Václav Vilém Popel Lobkowicz
on February 16th,
von Dietrichstein,
Václav Vilém Popel Lobkowicz
unknown to us. He was a man of a moderate-sized robust physique, with extremely
developed skeletal muscle system. The anthropological analysis set his age between
25
to the appearance reconstruction and skull
was definitely
it is impossible to formulate any statements on the cause of his death.
Maxmilián
and Rosa
The figure of
has awakened strong interest among anthropologists, historians, and representatives
of the town of
216 /
coffin s inscription claims the coffin to be that of Prince
the content has turned out to be a puzzle. The opening of the coffin had exposed skeletal
remains that were completely scattered and damaged (Fig. II,
remains did not belong to a male, but to an extremely
positively confirmed by the strong post
remains were not found there.
Who was the woman resting in the coffin instead of the Prince? This question could
be answered only after a close scrutiny and documentation of the coffin s content.
Among other objects, a golden wedding ring was found (Fig.
inside had the following inscription:
BRACHIUM SFXAVER YAH
This inscription helped to identify the woman buried in Prince s coffin as Countess
Rosa
Count Franz
only son of Count Franz
Countess Rosa is omitted in the list of the buried family members. We do not know
how her remains ended up in Prince Maxmilian s coffin, and what has happened to
Prince s skeletal remains. One thing is certain: Countess Rosa s tombstone can be found
in the Church of St Giles in
As for Countess Rosa, she was an older woman
gracile
from pain in the vertebral area caused by the fusion of thoracal and lumbar vertebrae.
She also suffered from toothache; the condition of her teeth gives evidence of frequent
inflammations of paradontium and presence of a large cyst. Probably, she had given
birth. Her blood type was B. We do not know what she looked like.
Ferdinand Joseph
Ferdinand Joseph
and Princess Anna Maria
25th, 1636,
imperial court. During the years
and during the years
a member of the privy council of the Emperor Leopold I, and determined state policy
during the Rakoczi, Zrinsky, and
In
This building replaced the inadequate hospital in
of the Jewish cemetery. In
1715),
Hediedin Vienna on November 28st,
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MIKULOVA
-
he was tallish measuring
spondylostic modifications of cervical and thoracal parts of the vertebral column.
Most of his teeth had fallen out before his death (Fig.
He had brown curly hair. The identity of Prince s skeletal remains was confirmed by
the
looked like by reconstructing his appearance according to the skull. In compliance with
the historical data, he died of breast illness . It was, most likely, pneumonia or
tuberculosis. This fact was not affirmed by the anthropological analysis.
Raimund
Count
child of Prince Ferdinand Joseph and his wife, Princess Maria Elisabeth
Eggenberg
We are lacking close to any historical information about
know is that he died on August 18th,
caused, during one month of the summer of
couple s children, all daughters: on August 21st,
died at the age of
age of
Josepha
Count
development affirms his age, but the length of long bones and opened fonticulus anterior
(Fig.
caused by dysentery. This is also testified by the reduced amount of calcium in the bones.
Modifications in osseous tissue caused by anaemia suggest weak immunity since birth
and frequent illnesses. His blood type was A. We have captured his semblance by
reconstructing his appearance according to the skull (Fig.
Leopold Ignaz
Prince Leopold Ignaz
and died on July 13th,
Joseph and his wife Maria Elisabeth. He had reached the rank of First Lieutenant in
the Leslie regiment. In
that both died as children. He initiated the reinforcement of Mikulov s fortification
against the Hungarian invasion, and foremost, he instigated the reconstruction of the
Church of St Anna. He had it rebuilt into a family tomb church.
In the coffin of Prince Leopold Ignaz
remains of at least two grown up males of moderate-sized robust physique. We suppose
218 /
that the skull (bone age corresponds with the calendar age), the phalanges, and the
teeth belong to the Prince (Fig.
unsuccessful.
From historical sources we know that the Prince died of tuberculosis although we
were unable to prove this.
Walther Xaver von Dietrichstein
Prince
Ferdinand Joseph and Princess Maria Elisabeth
September 18th,
Canon, but as the state of health of his older brother, Leopold Ignaz, became worse,
he left the clergy and took on the
He acted as Chief Land Justice for two years and afterwards he became Highest
Chamberlain of the Moravian Margraviate. After fire had swept the
he had it rebuilt in the baroque style.
In
Maxmiliána z Pruskova
the cause of his death.
In the coffin of Prince
remains of two adult men (Fig. XXXXI). The bones that are most destroyed (for research
purposes marked as belonging to individual A) belong to Prince
of a moderate-sized robust physique. We know that he suffered from osteoporosis and
spondylostic changes at the vertebral column. He had parodontosis. Our effort to
determine his height was unsuccessful. His blood type was A. We are ignorant as for
the cause of his death. He died at the age of
of the skeletal remains
of the Prince s well-preserved portrait (Fig.
The skeletal remains of the second male were preserved in a better state than those
of Prince
gracile
his teeth had fallen out except maxillar Pldx. He suffered from parodontosis and
spondylostic changes of the vertebral column. His blood type was possibly B.
Karolina Maxmiliána
Princess
second wife of Prince
Princess are only
Prince
Vienna on September 8th,
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MIKULOVA
Princess
she was tall. She measured
spondylostic changes indicate that she had, most likely, suffered from a backache.
As all of the analyzed members of the family, she lacked calcium in bones and she
suffered from osteoporosis. She had a reduced number of teeth in the dentition of
maxilla (Fig.
to this. Her blood type was B. She died at the age of
of tuberculosis. We were not successful in either proving or refuting the diagnosis. She
underwent a post-mortem examination. Her semblance can be studied not only from
her portrait, but also from the reconstruction of her appearance according to the skull
(Fig.
Karl
Prince Karl Maxmilián
eighth child of Prince
on April 28th,
he had ten children.
He was an advocate of reformatory Catholicism, and became one of the major figures
of enlightened Josephinism. In
the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria and Francis
as guests, and the two celebrated their silver wedding there in
He started building the imperial road from Brno to Vienna at his expenses. He set
up a foundation for orphans in
John the Baptist decorated with mural paintings by F. A. Maulbertsche. He died in
Mikulov
according to historical sources he could have died as a result of the shock following
the great fire of
Prince Karl
was
records state he had been often ill. However, his skeletal remains do not reflect
a poor state of health. We found only pathological changes (thickness reduction of
parietal bones; senile osteo-arthritis at cervical, thoracal, and lumbar vertebrae;
osteoporosis) related to skeletal consumption (Fig.
accordance with his high age at death (dentition consisted of just one tooth). His blood
type was B. Identification of the skeletal remains is affirmed by the
of skull into portrait and appearance reconstruction according to the skull (Fig.
92, 93).
220 /
Maria Anna Josepha
Princess
was
March 15th,
September
of inner fever ( innrel Brand ). Historian
death as Rothen Ruhr
Maria Anna Josepha was in the course of her life often ill. She had occupied an
outstanding position at the imperial court because she was a companion of the Empress
Maria Theresa
Princess Maria Anna Josepha
robust physique. According to
56—65)
refute this fact on the basis of analysis of the skeletal remains. Nevertheless, her skeleton
gives evidence of heavy consumption visible mostly on the vertebral column where
spondylostic and osteoporotic changes took place with inclination to spine distortion.
She suffered from frequent inflammation of parodontium and caries (Fig.
Provably,
was A.
Undoubtedly, it is Princess Maria Anna Josepha who is actually buried in the coffin.
The state of skeleton on the opening of the coffin indicates that the remains had not
been secondarily manipulated (Fig. XXXXV). To affirm the identification of Princess s
skeletal remains,
appearance reconstruction according to the skull (Fig. L,
Maria Christina
Maria Christina von Dietrichstein,
Prague. She was the wife of Prince
in
Dietrichstein family. She was Abigail of Maria Elisabeth, Emperor s sister, and she was
on friendly terms with the Emperor Joseph II himself. While her husband was active
in court service, Princess Maria Christina implemented growing of new crops
and corn
a glazed earthenware factory in Proskov. She was well educated and headed an enligh¬
tened group in
with hot air balloons. She died in Vienna on March 4th,
krankheiten).
years („pluribus annis artritidae laboraret ).
The Princess was naturally mummified. The whole skeleton was covered with remains
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MiKULOVA
of brown dried up skin. Nose (Fig.
Teeth could be seen in the jaws.
The skeletal remains of Princess Maria Christina
coffin and taking into account natural mummification of the body decision was taken
that the remains would not be subjected to anthropological analysis. Merely, the content
of the coffin and state of the body were documented. Skin samples for chemical and
molecularly-biological analyses were taken. None of the objects deposited in the coffin
of Princess Maria Christina were withdrawn and the coffin s content was left to its
original state. Prior to replacing the coffin s lid, a pillow was once again laid over
Princess s face and her body was covered with the original cloth. Afterwards, the coffin
was closed.
The Princess was laying on her back, knees slightly bent and arms crossed over her
chest (Fig.
was a black headdress with see-through tulle veil, pleated around the head. A similar
veil covered her shoulders, hands rested in gray leather gloves coming up to the elbows.
In her hands, she was holding a red waxen cross (Fig.
had a rosary wrapped around her wrist, ending with a carving of a human skull made
of bone (Fig.
The black funeral gown of Princess Maria Christina had a two-ply skirt. The Princess
had brown stockings and leather low-heeled lace-ups on.
Joseph
According to the inscription on the coffin, Count Joseph Franz
von Proskau
due to a shot wound. Historical records state that he took part in the Battle of
Hohenlinden, where he fell. He was bom on February 28th,
child of Prince
née Thun.
father was Equerry of the Emperor and acted as Austrian envoy to Copenhagen. His
mother was Abigail of the Emperor s sister Maria Elisabeth, and a friend of the Emperor
himself. She is considered an important figure of the Enlightenment period in the Czech
Lands.
We know very little of Prince Joseph Franz apart from the fact that he joined the
Austrian army and died in the German city of
been preserved. He was brought up in the spirit of Enlightenment by
a Swiss Provost, invited to
Prince Joseph Franz was a man of moderate-sized robust physique. He measured
±
at the age of
right limb right above the elbow (Fig.
222 /
Nevertheless, we do not know the precise cause of his death. Apart from the amputation
of the right hand, there are no visible signs of pathological changes. Dentition gave
evidence of inborn anomalies. He had a supernumerary second upper left incisor and
a rotated second lower right
preserved, a drawing reconstruction according to the skull was realized (Fig.
Skull and Postcranial Skeleton: Physique
If we were to shortly characterize skull proportions of men studied within the
Dietrichstein
low, short and rather narrow braincase with a low slender face, long narrow nose, high
eye sockets, broad palate and lower brain capacity. In literature we can find similar
characteristics.
come to the conclusion that they resemble the Spanish wife of Adam
Margareta
pointy chin, narrow lips with a fuller lower lip, and large, straight nose that extended
their visage even more
Metrical evaluation of the women of the
unambiguous and informative results as that of men for several reasons: the skulls of
Princess
damaged and the skull of
covered with hair. Therefore it has not been possible to perfectly metrically capture the
shape of skull of all three of the women.
However, it is possible to summarize the shape of skull of the women in the following
way. The skull of Princess
with narrow forehead, oblong visage, high eye sockets, long, narrow nose, and long,
narrow palate. Princess Maria Anna Josepha had a short and broad skull: the shape of
neurocranium resembled that of a ball. She had shorter and wider face than her mother-
in-law,
broad palate. The skull of Countess Rosa
and the evaluation is therefore
medium-wide nose.
The only woman evaluated born in the Dietrichstein family,
had an extremely
a long, narrow nose.
Mutual comparison of the cranial dimensions of the female members of the
Dietrichstein family examined has not been realized. Unlike the men examined whose
information value of skull dimensions and indexes is high because it shows the
resemblance of dimensions among closely related men (Fig.
Joseph
grandson, and Joseph Franz
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MIKULOVA
were not related and apart from
There were no other women from the
because the only woman examined was
earlier than the rest of the women and was not related to them. Comparing the women
with their sons and nephews is pointless taking into account the different robustness
of the male and female skeleton.
The evaluation of postcranial skeleton of both sexes was carried out only to a certain
extent taking into consideration that the bones of most of the examined individuals
were severely damaged. Therefore no comparison similar to that of the male and female
skulls of the
Stature
According to Martin s classification (Martin
nephew Prince Karl
was a man of above-medium height. If we were to compare the stature of these men,
living
at death, we can see that in
172,4
Philipp
available. The stature of both men approached the average height of the male population
of today in the category maturus. Count Joseph Franz died young at the age of
comparing his stature with that of recent
(Bláha
On the contrary,
classification extremely tall, even by today s standards.
28.
The unknown male from Walther Xaver s coffin measured
Martin s classification, the unknown man belongs to the category of people diminutive
in stature.
men is
was afflicted by a growth disorder.
By the size of the right femur, Princess
cm; she was thus very tall. Countess Rosa measured
according to Martin of tall stature. Princess Maria Anna Josepha was shorter, she
measured only
that of the recent female population approximately their age, which is
see that by today s standards Maria Anna Josepha is of average height, this can also be
said of Rose, whereas
Margaretha Francisca
224 /
Age
In the Czech Lands population structure of the 17th and 18th century the
49-year-olds formed a whole half of the population. At a young age, women outnumbered
men but from
The members of the
long time period, between
stated facts. Men that did not suffer any incurable disease (Prince Ferdinand Joseph,
Prince
of around
men of the family died relatively young of various illnesses (Prince Leopold Ignaz died
of tuberculosis), Count
Vilém
that fell in war serves as an example of accidental death.
The age structure of the women of the
interesting. None of the women reached the age of
data stating that above the age of
number of women rapidly diminished
women of the
exhaustion of organism because of constant pregnancy and labor in spite of having
above-average living conditions at that time. Countess
delivery of her first child. Princess
had ten children. Countess Rosa had only three children.
The
Their material welfare and medical care was highly above-average. Nonetheless, the age
structure of the family members examined at death approximates to the population s
age structure at that time.
Epigenetic traits
We studied epigenetic traits, that is morphological varieties of anatomical signs, on
skeletal remains of all of the
can be seen in Table no.
(Piontek,
most of the
postcranial skeleton were documented in spite of this. From the statistical point of view,
the analysis of epigenetic traits did not bring notable results. High incidence of one of
the traits within the
traits have separately reoccurred between closely related family members
son, grandmother and nephew. As the chapter on metrical evaluation states: the shape
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MIKULOVA
of face and skull of most of the men examined was similar. They had broad braincase
with narrow face and forehead, high eye sockets with exposed eyelid, and long, narrow
nose. We can observe these traits in Prince Ferdinand Joseph s (Fig.
Walther
grandson, Count Joseph Franz (Fig.
By the shape of skull and occurrence of some epigenetic traits he rather resembled his
grandmother, Princess Maria Anna Josepha (Fig.
The occurrence of most of the epigenetic traits was irregular among the examined
individuals
not been registered at all. The occurrence of small bones intermediated in skull
was also rare.
Genetic Analysis
Monika Pávková-Goldbergová
The skeletal remains of the
ted by mold. Yet it was possible to isolate a heavily contaminated
samples of Ferdinand Joseph,
Maxmilián
coffin (Table
amount of
Subsequent fragment amplification for blood type analysis was unsuccessful with
all the analyzed samples (see Table
products from skin samples, thus it was not possible to subject them to further restriction
analysis.
With the assistance of the restriction analysis it was possible to determine the blood
type of Ferdinand Joseph,
Franz, Rosa
Joseph had the
blood type. The rest had the BO genotype that is they demonstrated attributes of the
В
family members have not been determined, although
isolated and amplification was successful. Difficulties in interpreting the results of the
restriction analysis in the case of
the contamination.
Genetic
working on determining blood types and
analysis are set up.
226 /
Analysis of Trace Elements: Results
Lubomír Prokeš, Jitka Hegrová
With regard to miscellaneous materials (different types of bones, various state
of preserved material, individual variability) only an approximation of the diet profile,
based on
research (e.g.
times a diet rich in meat and bread, lacking milk, fruits, and vegetables was consumed.
Obtained (Sr/Ca)food values are not in contradiction with this statement.
High (Sr/Zn) value, particularly the reduction of the volume of zinc, in Count
Raimund
development retardation. We are unable to decide, whether the lack of zinc in the bone
is the cause or merely an epiphenomenon of these processes; in any case it mirrors
a relatively low supply of the element to the organism. Higher content of strontium
and a low content of zinc could be pointing out a diet high on cereal which had been
a relatively frequent nurture of children at that time (e.g. Cox
Relatively high value of Sr/Zn in Countess
caused by the pregnancy underwent shortly before death (she died in delivery)
and lactation usually lead to the augmentation of the content of strontium in mother s
skeleton, it is caused by placenta s discrimination of the chemical element. It also leads
to the reduction of calcium and zinc in mother s skeleton because the fetus s demand
for these elements has increased.
The low content of selenium in the examined hair samples is due to the low content
of selenium in the soil of the South Moravia region.
Content of toxic elements (plumbum, arsenic, mercury) in almost all of the analyzed
samples is relatively low with one exception. In Princess
we found a relatively high content of mercury. This result is possibly related to the fact
that after her death the Princess has been dissected; we can thus assume an illness
treated by mercury preparations. Very low level of mercury in bone suggests that the
preparations could have been administered shortly before death.
The specified data reveal that the manner of interment characteristic for yearly
modern times
skeletal remains at all. The acidic environment induced by biogenic decomposition
of soft tissues and the organic bone constituents has caused recrystallization
of hydroxyapatit to brushit in some measure in most of the cases. It is reflected in the
value reduction of the Ca/P rate and also in the relative reduction of magnesium in
significantly damaged samples. The increase of manganese in bones and hair is probably
due to the activity of saprophytic micro-organisms. The samples are frequently
contaminated with copper, possibly from the sepulchlar equipment. In several cases
a major heteroionic substitution of calcium into copper (Count Vaclav
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MIKULOVA
z Lobkowicz) ot
Relatively high content of barium and manganese in Countess Rosa s remains also
present an interesting phenomenon. This could be the reason for a slightly increased
content of strontium in the sample
The origin of the contamination is unclear because Countess s remains were found in
secondary burial. Relatively high content of aluminium in several samples indicates
contamination by soil particles possibly during damaging or opening of the coffin.
Conservation of the garment
of
Vendulka
The costume of
women s clothing. The set of textiles comprises an exquisitely tailored bodice and an
elaborate formal robe made of hand-cut velvet with hanging sleeves. Both articles have
stiff collars that held intricate lace collar. The bodice sleeves are decorated with fine
silk cuffs. It is highly unusual for such accessories to survive. The set is accompanied
by a full velvet skirt. The burial outfit includes knitted silk stockings, garters consisting
of silk strips adorned with
of the footwear) and a small pillow filled with long human hair.
costume typifies the Spanish fashion of the upper strata of society, frequently featured
in portraits of her time.
The dress of three years old
made of silk tabby of green color. The fabric is decorated with nowadays only slightly
visible watering
dress with a wide skirt, narrow sleeves and leading strings
shoulders, so that the child could be held when he began to walk. This object was
conserved in
Translated by
Revised by Anthony Glover and
228 /
|
| adam_txt |
Obsah
Předmluva
1.
2.
3.
4.
zkoumaných kosterních pozůstatků
Metody
Charakteristika zkoumaného vzorku
5.
a Václav Vilém Popel, hrabě Lobkovic
Z historie
Antropologický rozbor
(1597-3./4.2.
Antropologický rozbor
(20.3. 1598 -16. 2.1626) / 42
6.
Z historie
Antropologický rozbor
7.
sv.p.
Z historie
Antropologický rozbor
8.
(25. 9.1636 - 28.11.1698
Z historie
Antropologický rozbor
9. Raimund
Z historie
Antropologický rozbor
10.
Z
Antropologický rozbor
11.
Z historie
Antropologický rozbor
12.
druhá žena
Z
Antropologický rozbor
13.
(28. 4.1702 - 24.10.1784) / 117
Z historie
Antropologický
14.
žena knížete Karla Maxmiliána Filipa
Z historie
Antropologický
15.
šestého knížete Dietrichsteina
Z historie
Antropologický
16.
Z historie
Antropologický
17.
zkoumaných členů rodiny Dietrichsteinů
18.
19.
20.
zkoumaných příslušníků rodiny Dietrichsteinů
21.
22.
zkoumaných členů rodu Dietrichsteinů
23.
Dietrichsteinů — Lubomír Prokeš, Jitka Hegrová
24.
Františky Lobkovicové-Dietrichsteinové
25.
26.
27.
28.
27.
The
Dobromila Brichtová
The princely
Adam
diplomatic service of the Vienna
The
expanded by Adam's son, Cardinal Franz
of
in Prague's St Vitus Cathedral in close proximity of the Emperor
Cardinal Franz was buried in
Cathedral, his damaged coffin was removed from the tomb and the remains were
reinterred in the common burial ground behind
Emperor Joseph II, in the area called
princes
Maxmilián
his uncle's title and dominion.
became Marshal of Moravia and during the years
Emperor Ferdinand III. He married twice. His first wife was Anna Maria
Liechtenstein of
with. In
(1626-1677),
ter of
Vilém
Francisca
The successor of
(1636-1698).
and between
council of the Emperor Leopold I and determined state policy during the anti-Habsburg
Rakoczi, Zrinsky, and
Elisabeth
to the
of them lived to reach adulthood.
The successor of Prince Ferdinand Joseph
Ignaz
for the
Salm
212 /.
When Leopold Ignaz died without a heir, the
brother, Prince
determined by the family to become a clergyman. He held the office of Chief Land
Justice and subsequently acted as Highest Chamberlain of the Moravian Margraviate.
Prince Walter
Boskovice
Maxmiliána
His oldest son Prince Karl
an
enlightened Josephinism. In
the Empress Maria Theresa and Francis
guests and they also celebrated their silver wedding there in
Philipp
children.
Karl
Dietrichstein (1728—1808). Johann Karl was in
Austrian envoy to Copenhagen, and during the reign of Joseph II in the Emperor's
service as envoy to Venice. In
on his journeys throughout Europe. Following the fire in
court relocated to Vienna, where up till then the
temporarily. Prince
had eight children. Princess Maria Christina was one of the major figures of her time.
Their son, Prince Franz Joseph
under General Laudon in the Turkish War and acted as Austrian envoy to Petersburg
and Berlin. In
part of Poland. After his death in
laid to rest in the
by a Prague sculpturer
he married Princess Shuvalova
Dietrichstein.
Prince Joseph
He married
After Joseph's death, the daughters divided the property among themselves by drawing
lots. The oldest, Countess Maria
Cvrčovice,
and Thiergarten. Countess
Clothilde
and Dubňany.
Alexandrine
Alexander
confirmed by the Emperor; thus he and his heirs took on the name of Princes
Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg,
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MIKULOVA
Hugo Alphons
and their only son Alexander
He married Maria
Mikulov
marriage is Countess
Nicolsburg-Mensdorff-Pouilly, born in
homeland Argentina, in Buenos Aires. She worked there as psychologist, since
is the Head of the University Hospital Foundation in Buenos Aires.
Results of the Anthropological Analysis
The general reconstruction of the severely dilapidated
(Fig.
a part of the princely
concerned not only the building of the former Church of St Anna (present tomb), but
also the wooden catafalques and some of the coffins placed on top of them (Fig. VI).
Forty-five members of the
some of the coffins were damaged by burglars searching for valuables in the coffins of
the most prominent members of the family. Disintegration of other coffins was caused
by their age and fatigue of material. Since the skeletal remains had to be removed from
the coffins prior to their reconstruction, it was decided that an anthropological research
of the skeletal remains would be carried out.
At the request of the municipal authorities, the research was conducted by the
Department of Anthropology of the Faculty of Science at the
Brno.
Field research at the
throughout the next research period in the summer of
Petrásková
this was a part of their summer training (Fig. I). During the field research, skeletal
remains of the
and the site was documented. All findings, apart from the skeletal remains, were
immediately handed over to the Regional Museum in
examination.
During the first research period in
of the coffins. The first examined was the coffin of Count Joseph Franz
(Fig. 3)
Ignaz
these coffins were plundered. In the fall of the same year, both aristocrats were once
again buried in the reconstructed coffins (Fig.
One year later, in
At first, the coffin of Prince Karl
214 /
next came the coffin of Prince
of his wife
Ferdinand Joseph
II
(Fig.
As next, the content of the coffins of Countess Maria Anna Josepha
née
Christina von Dietrichstein
The coffins of Prince
von Dietrichstein,
von Dietrichstein
The coffins of Prince Karl
Princess Maria Anna Josepha, and Princess Maria Christina were damaged but had not
been broken into by thieves, so the contents remained untouched. The skeletal remains
of most of the persons examined were transported to the Department of Anthropo¬
logy of the Faculty of Science at the
anthropological research was realized and samples of osseous tissue were taken. After
having completed the anthropological analysis, the skeletal remains of all of the
Dietrichstein
11th,
In June
in
Dietrichstein,
(Drozdová a kol.
destroyed by burglars; the coffin of his wife was damaged merely by its old age. It was
the coffin of
items illustrating lives of the people of the 17th century.
Margaretha
Margaretha Francisca Lobkowicz
daughter of
famous Cardinal
Dietrichstein.
She and her younger brother
Count
married Count
during delivery of her first child, a son that was to live.
The date of
the metallic coffin in which she had been buried and remained until the commencement
of the anthropological research,
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ
died during the delivery on February
days, leaving a son behind. So much for the inscription on the coffin. However, according
to Brun's genealogy of the
she would have died at the age of
If the data on the coffin is correct, she was born sometime in
Countess
physique,
from rickets that distorted her vertebral column and rib cage and reduced the length
of her trunk (Fig.
16
analysis determined the age at death between
were observed on the dentition of mandible, where the both first molars were destroyed
by caries. She measured
she died during delivery, we found no trace (death during or shortly after delivery was
proved by the analysis of trace elements which showed high level of strontium in
Margaretha
we can assume that her death could have been caused by labour complications produced
by heavy scoliosis. Her identification from the anthropological point of view is positive.
It was confirmed by the
reconstruction of the appearance according to the skull (Fig. XX).
Václav Vilém Popel Lobkowícz
Václav Vilém Popel Lobkowicz
on February 16th,
von Dietrichstein,
Václav Vilém Popel Lobkowicz
unknown to us. He was a man of a moderate-sized robust physique, with extremely
developed skeletal muscle system. The anthropological analysis set his age between
25
to the appearance reconstruction and skull
was definitely
it is impossible to formulate any statements on the cause of his death.
Maxmilián
and Rosa
The figure of
has awakened strong interest among anthropologists, historians, and representatives
of the town of
216 /
coffin's inscription claims the coffin to be that of Prince
the content has turned out to be a puzzle. The opening of the coffin had exposed skeletal
remains that were completely scattered and damaged (Fig. II,
remains did not belong to a male, but to an extremely
positively confirmed by the strong post
remains were not found there.
Who was the woman resting in the coffin instead of the Prince? This question could
be answered only after a close scrutiny and documentation of the coffin's content.
Among other objects, a golden wedding ring was found (Fig.
inside had the following inscription:
BRACHIUM SFXAVER YAH
This inscription helped to identify the woman buried in Prince's coffin as Countess
Rosa
Count Franz
only son of Count Franz
Countess Rosa is omitted in the list of the buried family members. We do not know
how her remains ended up in Prince Maxmilian's coffin, and what has happened to
Prince's skeletal remains. One thing is certain: Countess Rosa's tombstone can be found
in the Church of St Giles in
As for Countess Rosa, she was an older woman
gracile
from pain in the vertebral area caused by the fusion of thoracal and lumbar vertebrae.
She also suffered from toothache; the condition of her teeth gives evidence of frequent
inflammations of paradontium and presence of a large cyst. Probably, she had given
birth. Her blood type was B. We do not know what she looked like.
Ferdinand Joseph
Ferdinand Joseph
and Princess Anna Maria
25th, 1636,
imperial court. During the years
and during the years
a member of the privy council of the Emperor Leopold I, and determined state policy
during the Rakoczi, Zrinsky, and
In
This building replaced the inadequate hospital in
of the Jewish cemetery. In
1715),
Hediedin Vienna on November 28st,
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MIKULOVA
-
he was tallish measuring
spondylostic modifications of cervical and thoracal parts of the vertebral column.
Most of his teeth had fallen out before his death (Fig.
He had brown curly hair. The identity of Prince's skeletal remains was confirmed by
the
looked like by reconstructing his appearance according to the skull. In compliance with
the historical data, he died of "breast illness". It was, most likely, pneumonia or
tuberculosis. This fact was not affirmed by the anthropological analysis.
Raimund
Count
child of Prince Ferdinand Joseph and his wife, Princess Maria Elisabeth
Eggenberg
We are lacking close to any historical information about
know is that he died on August 18th,
caused, during one month of the summer of
couple's children, all daughters: on August 21st,
died at the age of
age of
Josepha
Count
development affirms his age, but the length of long bones and opened fonticulus anterior
(Fig.
caused by dysentery. This is also testified by the reduced amount of calcium in the bones.
Modifications in osseous tissue caused by anaemia suggest weak immunity since birth
and frequent illnesses. His blood type was A. We have captured his semblance by
reconstructing his appearance according to the skull (Fig.
Leopold Ignaz
Prince Leopold Ignaz
and died on July 13th,
Joseph and his wife Maria Elisabeth. He had reached the rank of First Lieutenant in
the Leslie regiment. In
that both died as children. He initiated the reinforcement of Mikulov's fortification
against the Hungarian invasion, and foremost, he instigated the reconstruction of the
Church of St Anna. He had it rebuilt into a family tomb church.
In the coffin of Prince Leopold Ignaz
remains of at least two grown up males of moderate-sized robust physique. We suppose
218 /
that the skull (bone age corresponds with the calendar age), the phalanges, and the
teeth belong to the Prince (Fig.
unsuccessful.
From historical sources we know that the Prince died of tuberculosis although we
were unable to prove this.
Walther Xaver von Dietrichstein
Prince
Ferdinand Joseph and Princess Maria Elisabeth
September 18th,
Canon, but as the state of health of his older brother, Leopold Ignaz, became worse,
he left the clergy and took on the
He acted as Chief Land Justice for two years and afterwards he became Highest
Chamberlain of the Moravian Margraviate. After fire had swept the
he had it rebuilt in the baroque style.
In
Maxmiliána z Pruskova
the cause of his death.
In the coffin of Prince
remains of two adult men (Fig. XXXXI). The bones that are most destroyed (for research
purposes marked as belonging to individual A) belong to Prince
of a moderate-sized robust physique. We know that he suffered from osteoporosis and
spondylostic changes at the vertebral column. He had parodontosis. Our effort to
determine his height was unsuccessful. His blood type was A. We are ignorant as for
the cause of his death. He died at the age of
of the skeletal remains
of the Prince's well-preserved portrait (Fig.
The skeletal remains of the second male were preserved in a better state than those
of Prince
gracile
his teeth had fallen out except maxillar Pldx. He suffered from parodontosis and
spondylostic changes of the vertebral column. His blood type was possibly B.
Karolina Maxmiliána
Princess
second wife of Prince
Princess are only
Prince
Vienna on September 8th,
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MIKULOVA
Princess
she was tall. She measured
spondylostic changes indicate that she had, most likely, suffered from a backache.
As all of the analyzed members of the family, she lacked calcium in bones and she
suffered from osteoporosis. She had a reduced number of teeth in the dentition of
maxilla (Fig.
to this. Her blood type was B. She died at the age of
of tuberculosis. We were not successful in either proving or refuting the diagnosis. She
underwent a post-mortem examination. Her semblance can be studied not only from
her portrait, but also from the reconstruction of her appearance according to the skull
(Fig.
Karl
Prince Karl Maxmilián
eighth child of Prince
on April 28th,
he had ten children.
He was an advocate of reformatory Catholicism, and became one of the major figures
of enlightened Josephinism. In
the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria and Francis
as guests, and the two celebrated their silver wedding there in
He started building the imperial road from Brno to Vienna at his expenses. He set
up a foundation for orphans in
John the Baptist decorated with mural paintings by F. A. Maulbertsche. He died in
Mikulov
according to historical sources he could have died as a result of the shock following
the great fire of
Prince Karl
was
records state he had been often ill. However, his skeletal remains do not reflect
a poor state of health. We found only pathological changes (thickness reduction of
parietal bones; senile osteo-arthritis at cervical, thoracal, and lumbar vertebrae;
osteoporosis) related to skeletal consumption (Fig.
accordance with his high age at death (dentition consisted of just one tooth). His blood
type was B. Identification of the skeletal remains is affirmed by the
of skull into portrait and appearance reconstruction according to the skull (Fig.
92, 93).
220 /
Maria Anna Josepha
Princess
was
March 15th,
September
of "inner fever" ("innrel Brand"). Historian
death as "Rothen Ruhr"
Maria Anna Josepha was in the course of her life often ill. She had occupied an
outstanding position at the imperial court because she was a companion of the Empress
Maria Theresa
Princess Maria Anna Josepha
robust physique. According to
56—65)
refute this fact on the basis of analysis of the skeletal remains. Nevertheless, her skeleton
gives evidence of heavy consumption visible mostly on the vertebral column where
spondylostic and osteoporotic changes took place with inclination to spine distortion.
She suffered from frequent inflammation of parodontium and caries (Fig.
Provably,
was A.
Undoubtedly, it is Princess Maria Anna Josepha who is actually buried in the coffin.
The state of skeleton on the opening of the coffin indicates that the remains had not
been secondarily manipulated (Fig. XXXXV). To affirm the identification of Princess's
skeletal remains,
appearance reconstruction according to the skull (Fig. L,
Maria Christina
Maria Christina von Dietrichstein,
Prague. She was the wife of Prince
in
Dietrichstein family. She was Abigail of Maria Elisabeth, Emperor's sister, and she was
on friendly terms with the Emperor Joseph II himself. While her husband was active
in court service, Princess Maria Christina implemented growing of new crops
and corn
a glazed earthenware factory in Proskov. She was well educated and headed an enligh¬
tened group in
with hot air balloons. She died in Vienna on March 4th,
krankheiten).
years" („pluribus annis artritidae laboraret").
The Princess was naturally mummified. The whole skeleton was covered with remains
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MiKULOVA
of brown dried up skin. Nose (Fig.
Teeth could be seen in the jaws.
The skeletal remains of Princess Maria Christina
coffin and taking into account natural mummification of the body decision was taken
that the remains would not be subjected to anthropological analysis. Merely, the content
of the coffin and state of the body were documented. Skin samples for chemical and
molecularly-biological analyses were taken. None of the objects deposited in the coffin
of Princess Maria Christina were withdrawn and the coffin's content was left to its
original state. Prior to replacing the coffin's lid, a pillow was once again laid over
Princess's face and her body was covered with the original cloth. Afterwards, the coffin
was closed.
The Princess was laying on her back, knees slightly bent and arms crossed over her
chest (Fig.
was a black headdress with see-through tulle veil, pleated around the head. A similar
veil covered her shoulders, hands rested in gray leather gloves coming up to the elbows.
In her hands, she was holding a red waxen cross (Fig.
had a rosary wrapped around her wrist, ending with a carving of a human skull made
of bone (Fig.
The black funeral gown of Princess Maria Christina had a two-ply skirt. The Princess
had brown stockings and leather low-heeled lace-ups on.
Joseph
According to the inscription on the coffin, Count Joseph Franz
von Proskau
due to a shot wound. Historical records state that he took part in the Battle of
Hohenlinden, where he fell. He was bom on February 28th,
child of Prince
née Thun.
father was Equerry of the Emperor and acted as Austrian envoy to Copenhagen. His
mother was Abigail of the Emperor's sister Maria Elisabeth, and a friend of the Emperor
himself. She is considered an important figure of the Enlightenment period in the Czech
Lands.
We know very little of Prince Joseph Franz apart from the fact that he joined the
Austrian army and died in the German city of
been preserved. He was brought up in the spirit of Enlightenment by
a Swiss Provost, invited to
Prince Joseph Franz was a man of moderate-sized robust physique. He measured
±
at the age of
right limb right above the elbow (Fig.
222 /
Nevertheless, we do not know the precise cause of his death. Apart from the amputation
of the right hand, there are no visible signs of pathological changes. Dentition gave
evidence of inborn anomalies. He had a supernumerary second upper left incisor and
a rotated second lower right
preserved, a drawing reconstruction according to the skull was realized (Fig.
Skull and Postcranial Skeleton: Physique
If we were to shortly characterize skull proportions of men studied within the
Dietrichstein
low, short and rather narrow braincase with a low slender face, long narrow nose, high
eye sockets, broad palate and lower brain capacity. In literature we can find similar
characteristics.
come to the conclusion that they resemble the Spanish wife of Adam
Margareta
pointy chin, narrow lips with a fuller lower lip, and large, straight nose that extended
their visage even more
Metrical evaluation of the women of the
unambiguous and informative results as that of men for several reasons: the skulls of
Princess
damaged and the skull of
covered with hair. Therefore it has not been possible to perfectly metrically capture the
shape of skull of all three of the women.
However, it is possible to summarize the shape of skull of the women in the following
way. The skull of Princess
with narrow forehead, oblong visage, high eye sockets, long, narrow nose, and long,
narrow palate. Princess Maria Anna Josepha had a short and broad skull: the shape of
neurocranium resembled that of a ball. She had shorter and wider face than her mother-
in-law,
broad palate. The skull of Countess Rosa
and the evaluation is therefore
medium-wide nose.
The only woman evaluated born in the Dietrichstein family,
had an extremely
a long, narrow nose.
Mutual comparison of the cranial dimensions of the female members of the
Dietrichstein family examined has not been realized. Unlike the men examined whose
information value of skull dimensions and indexes is high because it shows the
resemblance of dimensions among closely related men (Fig.
Joseph
grandson, and Joseph Franz
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MIKULOVA
were not related and apart from
There were no other women from the
because the only woman examined was
earlier than the rest of the women and was not related to them. Comparing the women
with their sons and nephews is pointless taking into account the different robustness
of the male and female skeleton.
The evaluation of postcranial skeleton of both sexes was carried out only to a certain
extent taking into consideration that the bones of most of the examined individuals
were severely damaged. Therefore no comparison similar to that of the male and female
skulls of the
Stature
According to Martin's classification (Martin
nephew Prince Karl
was a man of above-medium height. If we were to compare the stature of these men,
living
at death, we can see that in
172,4
Philipp
available. The stature of both men approached the average height of the male population
of today in the category maturus. Count Joseph Franz died young at the age of
comparing his stature with that of recent
(Bláha
On the contrary,
classification extremely tall, even by today's standards.
28.
The unknown male from Walther Xaver's coffin measured
Martin's classification, the unknown man belongs to the category of people diminutive
in stature.
men is
was afflicted by a growth disorder.
By the size of the right femur, Princess
cm; she was thus very tall. Countess Rosa measured
according to Martin of tall stature. Princess Maria Anna Josepha was shorter, she
measured only
that of the recent female population approximately their age, which is
see that by today's standards Maria Anna Josepha is of average height, this can also be
said of Rose, whereas
Margaretha Francisca
224 /
Age
In the Czech Lands' population structure of the 17th and 18th century the
49-year-olds formed a whole half of the population. At a young age, women outnumbered
men but from
The members of the
long time period, between
stated facts. Men that did not suffer any incurable disease (Prince Ferdinand Joseph,
Prince
of around
men of the family died relatively young of various illnesses (Prince Leopold Ignaz died
of tuberculosis), Count
Vilém
that fell in war serves as an example of accidental death.
The age structure of the women of the
interesting. None of the women reached the age of
data stating that above the age of
number of women rapidly diminished
women of the
exhaustion of organism because of constant pregnancy and labor in spite of having
above-average living conditions at that time. Countess
delivery of her first child. Princess
had ten children. Countess Rosa had only three children.
The
Their material welfare and medical care was highly above-average. Nonetheless, the age
structure of the family members examined at death approximates to the population's
age structure at that time.
Epigenetic traits
We studied epigenetic traits, that is morphological varieties of anatomical signs, on
skeletal remains of all of the
can be seen in Table no.
(Piontek,
most of the
postcranial skeleton were documented in spite of this. From the statistical point of view,
the analysis of epigenetic traits did not bring notable results. High incidence of one of
the traits within the
traits have separately reoccurred between closely related family members
son, grandmother and nephew. As the chapter on metrical evaluation states: the shape
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MIKULOVA
of face and skull of most of the men examined was similar. They had broad braincase
with narrow face and forehead, high eye sockets with exposed eyelid, and long, narrow
nose. We can observe these traits in Prince Ferdinand Joseph's (Fig.
Walther
grandson, Count Joseph Franz (Fig.
By the shape of skull and occurrence of some epigenetic traits he rather resembled his
grandmother, Princess Maria Anna Josepha (Fig.
The occurrence of most of the epigenetic traits was irregular among the examined
individuals
not been registered at all. The occurrence of small bones intermediated in skull
was also rare.
Genetic Analysis
Monika Pávková-Goldbergová
The skeletal remains of the
ted by mold. Yet it was possible to isolate a heavily contaminated
samples of Ferdinand Joseph,
Maxmilián
coffin (Table
amount of
Subsequent fragment amplification for blood type analysis was unsuccessful with
all the analyzed samples (see Table
products from skin samples, thus it was not possible to subject them to further restriction
analysis.
With the assistance of the restriction analysis it was possible to determine the blood
type of Ferdinand Joseph,
Franz, Rosa
Joseph had the
blood type. The rest had the BO genotype that is they demonstrated attributes of the
В
family members have not been determined, although
isolated and amplification was successful. Difficulties in interpreting the results of the
restriction analysis in the case of
the contamination.
Genetic
working on determining blood types and
analysis are set up.
226 /
Analysis of Trace Elements: Results
Lubomír Prokeš, Jitka Hegrová
With regard to miscellaneous materials (different types of bones, various state
of preserved material, individual variability) only an approximation of the diet profile,
based on
research (e.g.
times a diet rich in meat and bread, lacking milk, fruits, and vegetables was consumed.
Obtained (Sr/Ca)food values are not in contradiction with this statement.
High (Sr/Zn) value, particularly the reduction of the volume of zinc, in Count
Raimund
development retardation. We are unable to decide, whether the lack of zinc in the bone
is the cause or merely an epiphenomenon of these processes; in any case it mirrors
a relatively low supply of the element to the organism. Higher content of strontium
and a low content of zinc could be pointing out a diet high on cereal which had been
a relatively frequent nurture of children at that time (e.g. Cox
Relatively high value of Sr/Zn in Countess
caused by the pregnancy underwent shortly before death (she died in delivery)
and lactation usually lead to the augmentation of the content of strontium in mother's
skeleton, it is caused by placenta's discrimination of the chemical element. It also leads
to the reduction of calcium and zinc in mother's skeleton because the fetus's demand
for these elements has increased.
The low content of selenium in the examined hair samples is due to the low content
of selenium in the soil of the South Moravia region.
Content of toxic elements (plumbum, arsenic, mercury) in almost all of the analyzed
samples is relatively low with one exception. In Princess
we found a relatively high content of mercury. This result is possibly related to the fact
that after her death the Princess has been dissected; we can thus assume an illness
treated by mercury preparations. Very low level of mercury in bone suggests that the
preparations could have been administered shortly before death.
The specified data reveal that the manner of interment characteristic for yearly
modern times
skeletal remains at all. The acidic environment induced by biogenic decomposition
of soft tissues and the organic bone constituents has caused recrystallization
of hydroxyapatit to brushit in some measure in most of the cases. It is reflected in the
value reduction of the Ca/P rate and also in the relative reduction of magnesium in
significantly damaged samples. The increase of manganese in bones and hair is probably
due to the activity of saprophytic micro-organisms. The samples are frequently
contaminated with copper, possibly from the sepulchlar equipment. In several cases
a major heteroionic substitution of calcium into copper (Count Vaclav
DlETRICHSTEINOVÉ Z MIKULOVA
z Lobkowicz) ot
Relatively high content of barium and manganese in Countess Rosa's remains also
present an interesting phenomenon. This could be the reason for a slightly increased
content of strontium in the sample
The origin of the contamination is unclear because Countess's remains were found in
secondary burial. Relatively high content of aluminium in several samples indicates
contamination by soil particles possibly during damaging or opening of the coffin.
Conservation of the garment
of
Vendulka
The costume of
women's clothing. The set of textiles comprises an exquisitely tailored bodice and an
elaborate formal robe made of hand-cut velvet with hanging sleeves. Both articles have
stiff collars that held intricate lace collar. The bodice sleeves are decorated with fine
silk cuffs. It is highly unusual for such accessories to survive. The set is accompanied
by a full velvet skirt. The burial outfit includes knitted silk stockings, garters consisting
of silk strips adorned with
of the footwear) and a small pillow filled with long human hair.
costume typifies the Spanish fashion of the upper strata of society, frequently featured
in portraits of her time.
The dress of three years old
made of silk tabby of green color. The fabric is decorated with nowadays only slightly
visible watering
dress with a wide skirt, narrow sleeves and leading strings
shoulders, so that the child could be held when he began to walk. This object was
conserved in
Translated by
Revised by Anthony Glover and
228 / |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Drozdová, Eva |
| author_facet | Drozdová, Eva |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Drozdová, Eva |
| author_variant | e d ed |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022498450 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)85719229 (DE-599)BVBBV022498450 |
| edition | Vyd. 1. |
| format | Book |
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| genre | Studie czenas Studies czenas |
| genre_facet | Studie Studies |
| geographic | Mikulov (Břeclav, Czech Republic) czenas Mikulov (Břeclav, Česko) czenas Nikolsburg (DE-588)4075404-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Mikulov (Břeclav, Czech Republic) Mikulov (Břeclav, Česko) Nikolsburg |
| id | DE-604.BV022498450 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:54:32Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:58:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 8021040653 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015705544 |
| oclc_num | 85719229 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 271 S., [16] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Masarykova Univ. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Drozdová, Eva Verfasser aut Dietrichsteinové z Mikulova výsledky antropologického výzkumu vybraných příslušníků rodu Eva Drozdová Vyd. 1. Brno Masarykova Univ. 2006 271 S., [16] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Dietrichstein Family in Mikulov Dietrichsteinové (rod) czenas Dietrichstein Familie (DE-588)129157201 gnd rswk-swf Dietrichsteinská hrobka czenas Anthropological research - Czech Republic czenas Anthropometry czenas Antropologický výzkum - Česko czenas Antropometrie czenas House of nobility - Czech Republic - 16th-18th centuries czenas Hrobky - Česko czenas Human remains (archaeology) czenas Kosterní pozůstatky člověka czenas Tombs - Czech Republic czenas Šlechtické rody - Česko - 16.-18. stol czenas Anthropologie (DE-588)4002230-4 gnd rswk-swf Leiche (DE-588)4167214-8 gnd rswk-swf Erforschung (DE-588)4152745-8 gnd rswk-swf Mikulov (Břeclav, Czech Republic) czenas Mikulov (Břeclav, Česko) czenas Nikolsburg (DE-588)4075404-2 gnd rswk-swf Studie czenas Studies czenas Dietrichstein Familie (DE-588)129157201 p Nikolsburg (DE-588)4075404-2 g Leiche (DE-588)4167214-8 s Anthropologie (DE-588)4002230-4 s Erforschung (DE-588)4152745-8 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015705544&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015705544&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Drozdová, Eva Dietrichsteinové z Mikulova výsledky antropologického výzkumu vybraných příslušníků rodu Dietrichsteinové (rod) czenas Dietrichstein Familie (DE-588)129157201 gnd Dietrichsteinská hrobka czenas Anthropological research - Czech Republic czenas Anthropometry czenas Antropologický výzkum - Česko czenas Antropometrie czenas House of nobility - Czech Republic - 16th-18th centuries czenas Hrobky - Česko czenas Human remains (archaeology) czenas Kosterní pozůstatky člověka czenas Tombs - Czech Republic czenas Šlechtické rody - Česko - 16.-18. stol czenas Anthropologie (DE-588)4002230-4 gnd Leiche (DE-588)4167214-8 gnd Erforschung (DE-588)4152745-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)129157201 (DE-588)4002230-4 (DE-588)4167214-8 (DE-588)4152745-8 (DE-588)4075404-2 |
| title | Dietrichsteinové z Mikulova výsledky antropologického výzkumu vybraných příslušníků rodu |
| title_auth | Dietrichsteinové z Mikulova výsledky antropologického výzkumu vybraných příslušníků rodu |
| title_exact_search | Dietrichsteinové z Mikulova výsledky antropologického výzkumu vybraných příslušníků rodu |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Dietrichsteinové z Mikulova výsledky antropologického výzkumu vybraných příslušníků rodu |
| title_full | Dietrichsteinové z Mikulova výsledky antropologického výzkumu vybraných příslušníků rodu Eva Drozdová |
| title_fullStr | Dietrichsteinové z Mikulova výsledky antropologického výzkumu vybraných příslušníků rodu Eva Drozdová |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietrichsteinové z Mikulova výsledky antropologického výzkumu vybraných příslušníků rodu Eva Drozdová |
| title_short | Dietrichsteinové z Mikulova |
| title_sort | dietrichsteinove z mikulova vysledky antropologickeho vyzkumu vybranych prislusniku rodu |
| title_sub | výsledky antropologického výzkumu vybraných příslušníků rodu |
| topic | Dietrichsteinové (rod) czenas Dietrichstein Familie (DE-588)129157201 gnd Dietrichsteinská hrobka czenas Anthropological research - Czech Republic czenas Anthropometry czenas Antropologický výzkum - Česko czenas Antropometrie czenas House of nobility - Czech Republic - 16th-18th centuries czenas Hrobky - Česko czenas Human remains (archaeology) czenas Kosterní pozůstatky člověka czenas Tombs - Czech Republic czenas Šlechtické rody - Česko - 16.-18. stol czenas Anthropologie (DE-588)4002230-4 gnd Leiche (DE-588)4167214-8 gnd Erforschung (DE-588)4152745-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Dietrichsteinové (rod) Dietrichstein Familie Dietrichsteinská hrobka Anthropological research - Czech Republic Anthropometry Antropologický výzkum - Česko Antropometrie House of nobility - Czech Republic - 16th-18th centuries Hrobky - Česko Human remains (archaeology) Kosterní pozůstatky člověka Tombs - Czech Republic Šlechtické rody - Česko - 16.-18. stol Anthropologie Leiche Erforschung Mikulov (Břeclav, Czech Republic) Mikulov (Břeclav, Česko) Nikolsburg Studie Studies |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015705544&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015705544&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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