Practical model-based testing: a tools approach
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Morgan Kaufmann [u.a.]
2007
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. 409-418) and index |
| Beschreibung: | xix, 433 p. ill. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 0123725011 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000zc 4500 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Utting, Mark |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Practical model-based testing |b a tools approach |c Mark Utting; Bruno Legeard |
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Morgan Kaufmann [u.a.] |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a xix, 433 p. |b ill. |c 25 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 409-418) and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Computer software |x Testing | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Computer software |x Testing |x Automation | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Testen |0 (DE-588)4367264-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Testen |0 (DE-588)4367264-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Legeard, Bruno |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip073/2006034511.html |3 Table of contents only | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015689990&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015689990 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136574486577152 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface xm
About the Authors xix
1 The Challenge l
1.1 What Do We Mean by Testing? 3
1.2 What Is Model Based Testing? 6
1.3 A Smart Card Example 10
1.4 Summary 17
1.5 Further Reading 17
2 The Pain and the Gain 19
2.1 Classic Testing Processes 19
2.1.1 A Manual Testing Process 20
2.1.2 A Capture/Replay Testing Process 22
2.1.3 A Script Based Testing Process 23
2.1.4 A Keyword Driven Automated Testing Process 24
2.1.5 Solved and Remaining Problems 25
2.2 The Model Based Testing Process 26
2.3 Models: Build or Borrow? 31
2.4 Your Maturity Level 33
2.4.1 Your Testing Maturity Level 33
2.4.2 Your Modeling Maturity Level 34
2.5 Hypothetical Case: Total Testing Hours 35
2.5.1 Assumptions 36
2.5.2 Conclusions 38
2.6 Model Based Testing Experience Reports 40
2.6.1 Model Based Testing at IBM 40
2.6.2 Model Based Testing at Microsoft 41
vii
VI11 Contents
2.6.3 Model Based Testing in the Smart Card Industry 43
2.6.4 Model Based Testing in the Automotive Industry 47
2.7 Benefits of Model Based Testing 48
2.7.1 SUT Fault Detection 48
2.7.2 Reduced Testing Cost and Time 49
2.7.3 Improved Test Quality 50
2.7.4 Requirements Defect Detection 51
2.7.5 Traceability 52
2.7.6 Requirements Evolution 54
2.8 Limitations of Model Based Testing 54
2.9 Summary 56
2.10 Further Reading 56
3 A Model of Your System 59
3.1 How to Model Your System 60
3.1.1 Notations for Modeling 62
3.1.2 Choosing a Notation 64
3.2 A Case Study 66
3.2.1 DVM Requirements 66
3.2.2 DVM High Level Design 66
3.3 Transition Based Models 69
3.3.1 Finite State Machines 69
3.3.2 Overview and History of Statecharts 70
3.3.3 UML State Machines 72
3.3.4 The UML Object Constraint Language 75
3.4 Pre/Post Models in B 78
3.4.1 The Complete B Method 78
3.4.2 A Simple Drink Vending Machine 79
3.4.3 Overview of B Machines 82
3.4.4 The B Toolkit 85
3.4.5 A Richer DVM Model 91
3.4.6 Other Pre/Post Notations 98
3.5 Summary 103
3.6 Further Reading 104
4 Selecting Your Tests 107
4.1 Structural Model Coverage 110
4.1.1 Control Flow Oriented Coverage Criteria 111
4.1.2 Data Flow Oriented Coverage Criteria 114
4.1.3 Transition Based Coverage Criteria 115
4.1.4 UML Based Coverage Criteria 120
Contents IX
4.2 Data Coverage Criteria 122
4.2.1 Boundary Value Testing 123
4.2.2 Statistical Data Coverage 127
4.2.3 Pairwise Testing 128
4.3 Fault Based Criteria 130
4.4 Requirements Based Criteria 131
4.5 Explicit Test Case Specifications 132
4.6 Statistical Test Generation Methods 133
4.7 Combining Test Selection Criteria 133
4.8 Summary 136
4.9 Further Reading 136
5 Testing from Finite State Machines 139
5.1 Testing Qui Donc with a Simple FSM 140
5.1.1 Informal Requirements 140
5.1.2 Modeling Qui Donc with an FSM 141
5.1.3 Generating Tests 148
5.1.4 Complete Testing Methods 155
5.2 EFSMs and the ModelJUnit Library 157
5.2.1 Extended Finite State Machines 157
5.2.2 The ModelJUnit Library 160
5.2.3 An EFSM Model of Qui Donc 162
5.3 Unit Testing ZLive with EFSMs 167
5.3.1 The System under Test: ZLive FlatPred 168
5.3.2 A Family of Models 169
5.3.3 Encoding FlatPredModel in Java 175
5.3.4 Test Results 179
5.4 Labeled Transition Systems Models 182
5.5 Summary 183
5.6 Further Reading 184
6 Testing from Pre/Post Models 187
6.1 How to Write Pre/Post Models for Testing 188
6.1.1 Adding Requirements Tags 191
6.2 The System Process Scheduler Example 192
6.2.1 Functional Requirements 192
6.2.2 Modeling the Scheduler 194
6.2.3 An Introduction to Test Targets 200
6.2.4 Test Selection for the Scheduler 203
6.2.5 Understanding the Test Targets 204
X Contents
6.2.6 Test Case Generation Using LTG/B 205
6.2.7 Traceability between Requirements and Test Cases 207
6.2.8 Generating More Tests 208
6.3 The Triangle Example 214
6.3.1 Informal Specification and Formal Models 214
6.3.2 The High Level Triangle Model 215
6.3.3 Test Generation for Compound Decisions 217
6.3.4 Evaluation of the Generated Test Suites 227
6.4 Robustness Testing from a Pre/Post Model 233
6.4.1 Syntactic Modeling and Format Testing 234
6.5 Testing a Chat System with Spec Explorer 237
6.5.1 An Overview of Spec Explorer 240
6.5.2 The Chat System 242
6.5.3 The Spec# Model 242
6.5.4 Test Generation with Spec Explorer 245
6.6 Summary 248
6.7 Further Reading 250
7 Testing from UML Transition Based Models 251
7.1 UML Modeling Notations 252
7.2 Testing an eTheater with LTG/UML 253
7.2.1 Requirements 253
7.2.2 Assumptions for the Test Model 257
7.2.3 A UML Model of eTheater 257
7.2.4 Generating Tests Using LEIRIOS LTG/UML 261
7.2.5 Generating Better Test Suites 263
7.3 Testing a Protocol with Qtronic 266
7.3.1 Protocol 267
7.3.2 Model 267
7.3.3 Importing the Model into Qtronic 277
7.3.4 Connecting Qtronic to the SUT 277
7.3.5 Generating and Running Tests 279
7.4 Summary 280
7.5 Further Reading 281
8 Making Tests Executable 283
8.1 Principles of Test Adaptation 284
8.1.1 The Adaptation Approach 286
8.1.2 The Transformation Approach 288
8.1.3 Which Approach Is Better? 290
Contents XI
8.2 Example: The eTheater System 291
8.2.1 Transforming Tests into Ruby 295
8.2.2 Writing a Ruby Adapter for eTheater 297
8.2.3 Executing the eTheater Tests 300
8.3 Summary 303
8.4 Further Reading 303
9 The GSM 11.11 Case Study 305
9.1 Overview of the GSM 11.11 Standard 306
9.1.1 Selected Files 307
9.1.2 Security Aspects 308
9.1.3 Selected Commands 309
9.2 Modeling GSM 11.11 in B 311
9.2.1 Abstracting the Behavior 311
9.2.2 The Data Model 312
9.2.3 The Operational Model 316
9.3 Validation and Verification of the B Model 321
9.3.1 Validation by Animation 321
9.3.2 Model Verification 322
9.4 Generating Tests with LTG/B 323
9.4.1 Model Coverage Criteria and Test Generation
Parameters 324
9.4.2 Computing Test Targets 324
9.4.3 Generating Test Cases 327
9.5 Generating Executable Scripts 327
9.5.1 LTG Test Script Generator 328
9.5.2 GSM 11.11 Adaptation Layer 332
9.6 Test Execution 334
9.7 Summary 337
9.8 Further Reading 338
10 The ATM Case Study 339
10.1 Overview of the ATM System 340
10.2 Modeling the ATM System in UML 344
10.2.1 Class Diagrams 344
10.2.2 Modeling Behavior with State Machines and OCL 349
10.2.3 Comparing the Design and Test Models 355
10.3 Generating Test Cases 357
10.3.1 Initial State for Test Generation 357
10.3.2 Generation of Test Cases 359
10.3.3 Discussion 359
XI1 Contents
10.4 Generating Executable Test Scripts 364
10.5 Executing the Tests 365
10.6 Summary 370
10.7 Further Reading 370
11 Putting It into Practice 371
11.1 Prerequisites for Model Based Testing 371
11.2 Selecting a Model Based Testing Approach 373
11.3 People, Roles, and Training 377
11.4 Model Based Testing and Agile Methods 380
11.4.1 Test Driven Development 380
11.4.2 Acceptance Tests and the Iterative Process 381
11.4.3 Agile Modeling 382
11.5 Model Based Testing and the Unified Process 382
11.5.1 Introducing the Unified Process 383
11.5.2 Extending the Unified Process with Model Based
Testing 384
11.6 Epilogue 387
11.6.1 Model Based Testing 387
11.6.2 Future Trends 388
A Summary of B Abstract Machine Notation 39i
Machine Structure 391
Logical Predicates (P, Q) 392
Numbers (n, m) 392
Sets(S, T) 392
Relations (r) 393
Functions (f) 393
Commands and Substitutions (G, H, I, 3) 393
B Summary of Common OCL Constructs 397
Basic OCL Types 397
OCL Collections 398
C Commercial Tools 401
Glossary 405
Bibliography 409
Index 419
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
Preface xm
About the Authors xix
1 The Challenge l
1.1 What Do We Mean by Testing? 3
1.2 What Is Model Based Testing? 6
1.3 A Smart Card Example 10
1.4 Summary 17
1.5 Further Reading 17
2 The Pain and the Gain 19
2.1 Classic Testing Processes 19
2.1.1 A Manual Testing Process 20
2.1.2 A Capture/Replay Testing Process 22
2.1.3 A Script Based Testing Process 23
2.1.4 A Keyword Driven Automated Testing Process 24
2.1.5 Solved and Remaining Problems 25
2.2 The Model Based Testing Process 26
2.3 Models: Build or Borrow? 31
2.4 Your Maturity Level 33
2.4.1 Your Testing Maturity Level 33
2.4.2 Your Modeling Maturity Level 34
2.5 Hypothetical Case: Total Testing Hours 35
2.5.1 Assumptions 36
2.5.2 Conclusions 38
2.6 Model Based Testing Experience Reports 40
2.6.1 Model Based Testing at IBM 40
2.6.2 Model Based Testing at Microsoft 41
vii
VI11 Contents
2.6.3 Model Based Testing in the Smart Card Industry 43
2.6.4 Model Based Testing in the Automotive Industry 47
2.7 Benefits of Model Based Testing 48
2.7.1 SUT Fault Detection 48
2.7.2 Reduced Testing Cost and Time 49
2.7.3 Improved Test Quality 50
2.7.4 Requirements Defect Detection 51
2.7.5 Traceability 52
2.7.6 Requirements Evolution 54
2.8 Limitations of Model Based Testing 54
2.9 Summary 56
2.10 Further Reading 56
3 A Model of Your System 59
3.1 How to Model Your System 60
3.1.1 Notations for Modeling 62
3.1.2 Choosing a Notation 64
3.2 A Case Study 66
3.2.1 DVM Requirements 66
3.2.2 DVM High Level Design 66
3.3 Transition Based Models 69
3.3.1 Finite State Machines 69
3.3.2 Overview and History of Statecharts 70
3.3.3 UML State Machines 72
3.3.4 The UML Object Constraint Language 75
3.4 Pre/Post Models in B 78
3.4.1 The Complete B Method 78
3.4.2 A Simple Drink Vending Machine 79
3.4.3 Overview of B Machines 82
3.4.4 The B Toolkit 85
3.4.5 A Richer DVM Model 91
3.4.6 Other Pre/Post Notations 98
3.5 Summary 103
3.6 Further Reading 104
4 Selecting Your Tests 107
4.1 Structural Model Coverage 110
4.1.1 Control Flow Oriented Coverage Criteria 111
4.1.2 Data Flow Oriented Coverage Criteria 114
4.1.3 Transition Based Coverage Criteria 115
4.1.4 UML Based Coverage Criteria 120
Contents IX
4.2 Data Coverage Criteria 122
4.2.1 Boundary Value Testing 123
4.2.2 Statistical Data Coverage 127
4.2.3 Pairwise Testing 128
4.3 Fault Based Criteria 130
4.4 Requirements Based Criteria 131
4.5 Explicit Test Case Specifications 132
4.6 Statistical Test Generation Methods 133
4.7 Combining Test Selection Criteria 133
4.8 Summary 136
4.9 Further Reading 136
5 Testing from Finite State Machines 139
5.1 Testing Qui Donc with a Simple FSM 140
5.1.1 Informal Requirements 140
5.1.2 Modeling Qui Donc with an FSM 141
5.1.3 Generating Tests 148
5.1.4 Complete Testing Methods 155
5.2 EFSMs and the ModelJUnit Library 157
5.2.1 Extended Finite State Machines 157
5.2.2 The ModelJUnit Library 160
5.2.3 An EFSM Model of Qui Donc 162
5.3 Unit Testing ZLive with EFSMs 167
5.3.1 The System under Test: ZLive FlatPred 168
5.3.2 A Family of Models 169
5.3.3 Encoding FlatPredModel in Java 175
5.3.4 Test Results 179
5.4 Labeled Transition Systems Models 182
5.5 Summary 183
5.6 Further Reading 184
6 Testing from Pre/Post Models 187
6.1 How to Write Pre/Post Models for Testing 188
6.1.1 Adding Requirements Tags 191
6.2 The System Process Scheduler Example 192
6.2.1 Functional Requirements 192
6.2.2 Modeling the Scheduler 194
6.2.3 An Introduction to Test Targets 200
6.2.4 Test Selection for the Scheduler 203
6.2.5 Understanding the Test Targets 204
X Contents
6.2.6 Test Case Generation Using LTG/B 205
6.2.7 Traceability between Requirements and Test Cases 207
6.2.8 Generating More Tests 208
6.3 The Triangle Example 214
6.3.1 Informal Specification and Formal Models 214
6.3.2 The High Level Triangle Model 215
6.3.3 Test Generation for Compound Decisions 217
6.3.4 Evaluation of the Generated Test Suites 227
6.4 Robustness Testing from a Pre/Post Model 233
6.4.1 Syntactic Modeling and Format Testing 234
6.5 Testing a Chat System with Spec Explorer 237
6.5.1 An Overview of Spec Explorer 240
6.5.2 The Chat System 242
6.5.3 The Spec# Model 242
6.5.4 Test Generation with Spec Explorer 245
6.6 Summary 248
6.7 Further Reading 250
7 Testing from UML Transition Based Models 251
7.1 UML Modeling Notations 252
7.2 Testing an eTheater with LTG/UML 253
7.2.1 Requirements 253
7.2.2 Assumptions for the Test Model 257
7.2.3 A UML Model of eTheater 257
7.2.4 Generating Tests Using LEIRIOS LTG/UML 261
7.2.5 Generating Better Test Suites 263
7.3 Testing a Protocol with Qtronic 266
7.3.1 Protocol 267
7.3.2 Model 267
7.3.3 Importing the Model into Qtronic 277
7.3.4 Connecting Qtronic to the SUT 277
7.3.5 Generating and Running Tests 279
7.4 Summary 280
7.5 Further Reading 281
8 Making Tests Executable 283
8.1 Principles of Test Adaptation 284
8.1.1 The Adaptation Approach 286
8.1.2 The Transformation Approach 288
8.1.3 Which Approach Is Better? 290
Contents XI
8.2 Example: The eTheater System 291
8.2.1 Transforming Tests into Ruby 295
8.2.2 Writing a Ruby Adapter for eTheater 297
8.2.3 Executing the eTheater Tests 300
8.3 Summary 303
8.4 Further Reading 303
9 The GSM 11.11 Case Study 305
9.1 Overview of the GSM 11.11 Standard 306
9.1.1 Selected Files 307
9.1.2 Security Aspects 308
9.1.3 Selected Commands 309
9.2 Modeling GSM 11.11 in B 311
9.2.1 Abstracting the Behavior 311
9.2.2 The Data Model 312
9.2.3 The Operational Model 316
9.3 Validation and Verification of the B Model 321
9.3.1 Validation by Animation 321
9.3.2 Model Verification 322
9.4 Generating Tests with LTG/B 323
9.4.1 Model Coverage Criteria and Test Generation
Parameters 324
9.4.2 Computing Test Targets 324
9.4.3 Generating Test Cases 327
9.5 Generating Executable Scripts 327
9.5.1 LTG Test Script Generator 328
9.5.2 GSM 11.11 Adaptation Layer 332
9.6 Test Execution 334
9.7 Summary 337
9.8 Further Reading 338
10 The ATM Case Study 339
10.1 Overview of the ATM System 340
10.2 Modeling the ATM System in UML 344
10.2.1 Class Diagrams 344
10.2.2 Modeling Behavior with State Machines and OCL 349
10.2.3 Comparing the Design and Test Models 355
10.3 Generating Test Cases 357
10.3.1 Initial State for Test Generation 357
10.3.2 Generation of Test Cases 359
10.3.3 Discussion 359
XI1 Contents
10.4 Generating Executable Test Scripts 364
10.5 Executing the Tests 365
10.6 Summary 370
10.7 Further Reading 370
11 Putting It into Practice 371
11.1 Prerequisites for Model Based Testing 371
11.2 Selecting a Model Based Testing Approach 373
11.3 People, Roles, and Training 377
11.4 Model Based Testing and Agile Methods 380
11.4.1 Test Driven Development 380
11.4.2 Acceptance Tests and the Iterative Process 381
11.4.3 Agile Modeling 382
11.5 Model Based Testing and the Unified Process 382
11.5.1 Introducing the Unified Process 383
11.5.2 Extending the Unified Process with Model Based
Testing 384
11.6 Epilogue 387
11.6.1 Model Based Testing 387
11.6.2 Future Trends 388
A Summary of B Abstract Machine Notation 39i
Machine Structure 391
Logical Predicates (P, Q) 392
Numbers (n, m) 392
Sets(S, T) 392
Relations (r) 393
Functions (f) 393
Commands and Substitutions (G, H, I, 3) 393
B Summary of Common OCL Constructs 397
Basic OCL Types 397
OCL Collections 398
C Commercial Tools 401
Glossary 405
Bibliography 409
Index 419 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Utting, Mark Legeard, Bruno |
| author_facet | Utting, Mark Legeard, Bruno |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Utting, Mark |
| author_variant | m u mu b l bl |
| building | Verbundindex |
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| callnumber-sort | QA 276.76 T48 |
| callnumber-subject | QA - Mathematics |
| classification_rvk | ST 233 |
| classification_tum | DAT 330f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)73993672 (DE-599)DNB 2006034511 |
| dewey-full | 005.3028/7 |
| dewey-hundreds | 000 - Computer science, information, general works |
| dewey-ones | 005 - Computer programming, programs, data, security |
| dewey-raw | 005.3028/7 |
| dewey-search | 005.3028/7 |
| dewey-sort | 15.3028 17 |
| dewey-tens | 000 - Computer science, information, general works |
| discipline | Informatik |
| discipline_str_mv | Informatik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV022482637 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:48:56Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:58:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0123725011 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2006034511 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015689990 |
| oclc_num | 73993672 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Aug4 DE-M347 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-573 DE-861 DE-858 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| owner_facet | DE-Aug4 DE-M347 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-573 DE-861 DE-858 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| physical | xix, 433 p. ill. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Morgan Kaufmann [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Utting, Mark Verfasser aut Practical model-based testing a tools approach Mark Utting; Bruno Legeard Amsterdam [u.a.] Morgan Kaufmann [u.a.] 2007 xix, 433 p. ill. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (p. 409-418) and index Computer software Testing Computer software Testing Automation Testen (DE-588)4367264-4 gnd rswk-swf Softwareentwicklung (DE-588)4116522-6 gnd rswk-swf Softwareentwicklung (DE-588)4116522-6 s Testen (DE-588)4367264-4 s DE-604 Legeard, Bruno Verfasser aut http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip073/2006034511.html Table of contents only HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015689990&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Utting, Mark Legeard, Bruno Practical model-based testing a tools approach Computer software Testing Computer software Testing Automation Testen (DE-588)4367264-4 gnd Softwareentwicklung (DE-588)4116522-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4367264-4 (DE-588)4116522-6 |
| title | Practical model-based testing a tools approach |
| title_auth | Practical model-based testing a tools approach |
| title_exact_search | Practical model-based testing a tools approach |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Practical model-based testing a tools approach |
| title_full | Practical model-based testing a tools approach Mark Utting; Bruno Legeard |
| title_fullStr | Practical model-based testing a tools approach Mark Utting; Bruno Legeard |
| title_full_unstemmed | Practical model-based testing a tools approach Mark Utting; Bruno Legeard |
| title_short | Practical model-based testing |
| title_sort | practical model based testing a tools approach |
| title_sub | a tools approach |
| topic | Computer software Testing Computer software Testing Automation Testen (DE-588)4367264-4 gnd Softwareentwicklung (DE-588)4116522-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Computer software Testing Computer software Testing Automation Testen Softwareentwicklung |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip073/2006034511.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015689990&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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