Research and measurement issues in gambling studies:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier AP
2007
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXXV, 657 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780123708564 0123708567 |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Jeux de hasard - Droit | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Jeux de hasard - Recherche | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gesellschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Gambling |x Social aspects | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136571541127168 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of Contributors xxiii
Preface xxvii
Acknowledgments xxxv
PART I
NATURE AND SCOPE OF GAMBLING
STUDIES
CHAPTER 1
Situating Gambling Studies
Gcrda Reith
Introduction 3
The Historical Context of Gambling 4
The Paradigm Shift 6
The Emergence of Gambling Studies 7
Research Domains 8
Interpretivist Approaches 8
Sociological, Anthropological, and Psychological Research 8
Positivist Approaches 10
Economic and Social Cost Benefit Analyses 14
Biomedical Approaches 16
Clinical Psychological Research 17
Cognitive Psychological Research 19
Epidemiological Research and Public Health Perspectives 21
Conclusions: Current Trends and Future Directions 24
PART II
MEASUREMENT ISSUES
CHAPTER 2
Population Surveys
Rachel A. Volbcrg
Introduction 33
Purposes of Population Surveys in Gambling Studies 34
vii
viii Contents
Problem Gambling Prevalence and Comorbidity 35
Sampling Issues in Population Surveys 36
Sample Size 36
Sampling Frame 37
Sampling Modality 39
Multimodal Sampling 43
Response Rates 44
Weighting Population Survey Samples 49
Constraints and Choices in Population Research 51
CHAPTER 3
Questionnaire Design: The Art of a Stylized
Conversation
Marianna Toce Gerstein and Dean R. Gerstein
The Interview Context 56
What Is an Interview? 56
Conceptual Context 57
Physical Context: Setting and Mode 58
Social Context 60
Privacy Effects 60
Response Bias 61
Social Desirability Bias 62
Nonresponse 63
Basic Communicative Principles 63
Relevance 64
Neutrality 64
Ambiguity 65
Language of Administration 65
Translating the Questionnaire 65
Using Interpreters 66
Minimizing Cognitive Effects 67
Recall Problems 67
Limited Grasp and Computability of Quantities 68
Scaling of Attitudes, Opinions, and Behaviors 69
Causality 69
Age Graded Behavior: Special Considerations for Youth 70
Questionnaire Construction 71
Structuring the Questionnaire 71
Major Questions, Sections, and Section Order 72
Pathing Through the Interview 72
Contents IX
Question Flow and Context Effects 73
Item Response Frames 73
Reading Level 74
Pretesting 74
Informed Consent 76
Special Considerations for Gambling Research 77
Definition of Gambling 77
Gambling Participation 78
Attitudes Toward Gambling 78
Problem Gambling 79
Diagnosis of Pathological Gambling 79
Correlates of Problem Gambling 80
Problem Gambling Help and Treatment 81
CHAPTER 4
Experimental Methodologies in Gambling Studies
Sherry H. Stewart and Steven Jefferson
Basic Components of an Experimental Research Study 88
Internal and External Validity 89
Types of Experimental Designs 91
Group Experimental Designs 91
Control Groups 92
Randomization 93
Single Case Experimental Designs 93
Withdrawal Designs 95
Multiple Baseline Design 97
Sample Experimental Methodologies 98
Behavioral Observation 98
Explicit Cognition 101
Implicit Cognition 102
Think Aloud 105
Reaction Time Tasks 105
Conclusions 107
CHAPTER 5
Qualitative Methodologies
Robert A. Stebbins
Grounded Theory and Exploration 112
Exploratory Concatenation 113
X Contents
Confirmatory Qualitative Research 114
Validity and Reliability 115
Methods of Data Collection 117
Qualitative Research on Gambling Issues 120
Conclusions 122
CHAPTER 6
Longitudinal Studies of Gambling Behavior
Wendy S. Slutske
Introduction 128
Existing Longitudinal Studies of Gambling Behavior 129
Longitudinal Studies of Gambling Behavior Initiated During
Preadolescence and Adolescence 129
Montreal, Canada (Vitaro and colleagues) 129
Minnesota (Winters and colleagues) 131
New York (Barnes and colleagues) 132
Quebec, Canada (Vitaro, Ladouceur, and Bujold) 132
Longitudinal Studies of Gambling Behavior Initiated During Late
Adolescence and Early Adulthood 133
Missouri College Students (Slutske, Jackson, and Sher) 133
New York (Barnes and colleagues) 134
Dunedin, New Zealand (Slutske and colleagues) 134
Longitudinal Studies of Gambling Behavior Initiated During Early
to Late Adulthood 135
New Zealand (Abbott, Williams, and Volberg) 135
U.S. Casino Employees (Shaffer and Hall) 135
Key Issues and Challenges in Longitudinal Gambling Research 136
Statistical Techniques for Modeling Stability and Change 136
Dealing with Missing Data 137
The Low Prevalence of Pathological Gambling Disorder 139
Important Questions and What We Know So Far 140
Temporal Resolution of Gambling Correlates: Establishing Causality? 140
The Stability of Gambling Behavior 142
The Course of Gambling Behavior and Gambling Problems 145
Sequential/Stage Theories of Gambling Involvement: Is There a
Gateway to Problems? 146
Developmental Changes Versus Cohort or Period Effects on Levels
of Gambling Involvement 148
Natural Experiments in Longitudinal Gambling Research 149
Summary of What We Don t Know (Yet) 150
Contents xi
CHAPTER 7
Quantification and Dimensionalization of Gambling
Behavior
Shawn R. Currie and David M. Casey
Historical Perspectives 156
Epidemiological Data on Gambling Expenditure, Frequency,
Duration, and Type 157
Quantification of Other Addictive Behaviors 159
Importance of the Quantification of Gambling 160
Variations in Sources of Data 161
Relevant Quantitative Dimensions of Gambling Behaviors 163
Inputs 164
Participation Status 164
Types of Gambling 168
Frequency 168
Expenditure 169
Duration 170
Attitudes and Cognitions 170
Outputs 171
Financial 171
Legal 171
Social and Psychological Harms 172
Clinical Use of Quantitative Gambling Data 173
Conclusions 173
CHAPTER 8
A Review of Screening and Assessment Instruments for
Problem and Pathological Gambling
Randy Stinchfield, Richard Gowni, and G. Ron Frisch
Introduction 180
Instruments 181
Gamblers Anonymous 20 Questions (GA 20) 181
South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) 190
Massachusetts Gambling Screen (MAGS) 193
DSM IV MR (MR = Multiple Response) 193
Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity (DIGS) 194
Gambling Treatment Outcome Monitoring System (GAMTOMS) 195
National Opinion Research Center DSM IV Screen for Gambling
Problems (NODS) 196
Lie/Bet Questionnaire 198
xii Contents
Gambling Assessment Module (GAM) 199
Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) 200
Gambling Behavior Interview (GBI) 201
Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) 202
Pathological Gambling Adaptation of the Yale Brown
Obsessive Compulsive Scale (PG YBOCS) 203
Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G SAS) 204
Structured Clinical Interview for Pathological Gambling (SCI PG) 204
Conclusions and Future Research Directions 205
PART III
EMERGING GAMBLING STUDIES
RESEARCH ISSUES
CHAPTER 9
The Role of Structural Characteristics in Gambling
Jonathan Parke and Mark Griffiths
Background 218
Payment Characteristics 223
Suspension of Judgment and Cashless Gaming 223
Smart Cards, Spending Limits, and Cashless Gaming 224
Maximum Bet Size and Bill Acceptors 224
Cash Versus Credit Display 225
Playability Characteristics 226
Feature Games and Other Specialist Play Features 226
Stop Buttons 227
Gamble Buttons 229
The Near Miss 230
The Psychology of Familiarity 231
Speed and Frequency Characteristics 231
Bet Frequency and Event Frequency 232
Event Duration 232
In Running Betting 233
Payout Interval 233
Autoplay 234
Educational Characteristics 234
Clocks 235
Transparency of Expenditure and Statements 235
Warnings/Pop Up Messages 235
Contents xiii
Ambient Characteristics 236
Light and Color Effects 236
Sound Effects 236
General Sound 237
Verbal Interaction 238
Music 238
Reward Characteristics 239
Multiplier Potential and Betting Lines 239
Payout Ratios and Randomness 240
Jackpots 241
Reward Schedules and Reinforcers 242
Mandatory Cashouts 242
Issues Relating to Research and Measurement 243
Ecological Validity: Laboratory Versus Natural Setting 243
Experiments in the Natural Setting 244
Ethics in Gambling Experiments 245
Conclusions 245
CHAPTER 10
Situational Factors That Affect Gambling Behavior
Max W. Abbott
Introduction 251
Availability, Accessibility, and Exposure 252
Dimensions of Accessibility and Exposure 253
Availability and Participation 255
Studies Using Official Data 256
Surveys and Other Gambling Studies 257
Availability, Participation, and Problem Gambling 259
The Agent Gambling 259
Prevalence Studies 260
Replication Surveys 262
Prevalence Changes in Population Sectors 263
Other Exposure Concentrations 264
Prospective Studies 265
Other Location and Contextual Factors 266
Credit Cards and ATMs 268
Alcohol 269
Tobacco 270
Marketing and Advertising 271
Conclusion 272
XIV Contents
CHAPTER 11
Individual Characteristics and Problem Gambling Behavior
Tony Toneatto and Linda Nguyen
Introduction 280
Demographic Variables 280
Age 280
Gender 281
Socioeconomic Status 282
Marital Status 282
Early Childhood Experiences 283
Influence of Parental Gambling 283
Motivation to Gamble 284
Personality Factors 286
Arousal and Sensation Seeking 286
Sensation Seeking 286
Arousal 287
Impulsivity 288
Drive Reduction 289
Mood Regulation 289
Dissociation 290
Choice of Gambling Activity 290
Cognitive Variables 291
Illusion of Control 292
Illusory Correlation: Superstitious Beliefs 292
Interpretive Biases 293
Attributional Biases 293
The Gamblers Fallacy 294
Chasing 294
Illusory Control over Luck 294
Conclusion 295
CHAPTER 12
Comorbidity and Mental Illness
Nancy M. Petty and Jeremiah Weinstock
Introduction 305
Current State of Knowledge of Comorbidities with
Pathological Gambling 306
Substance Use Disorders 306
Mood Disorders 309
Anxiety Disorders 310
Other Disorders 311
Contents XV
Diagnostic Measurement Issues 311
Structured Instruments for Assessing Psychiatric Disorders 312
Assessment of Psychiatric Symptoms 315
Research Concerns and Summary 318
CHAPTER 13
Research and Measurement Issues in Gambling Studies:
Etiological Models
Alex Blaszczynski and Lia Nower
Introduction 323
Overview 324
Etiological Models 325
Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic 325
Public Health 327
Social Reward 329
Image 329
Social Validation 330
Behavioral Models 331
Cognitive Conceptualizations 333
Neurobiological, Genetic, and Biobehavioral 335
Integrated Models 337
General Theory of Addictions 337
Biopsychosocial 338
Pathways 338
Summary 339
CHAPTER 14
The Neurobiology of Pathological Gambling
Judsoii A. Brewer, Jon E. Grant, and Marc N. Polenzd
Introduction 345
Conceptualization 346
Biochemistry 347
Serotonin 347
Dopamine 348
Norepinephrine 350
Monoamine Oxidase 351
Stress Pathways 352
Opioid System 353
xvi Contents
Other Neurotransmitters 353
Neuroimaging 354
Structural Lesions and Decision Making 356
Genetics 357
Population Genetics 357
Molecular Genetics 358
Conclusions 359
CHAPTER 15
Treatment of Problem Gambling
David C. Hodgins and Alice Holub
Introduction 372
Major Approaches to Treatment 373
Psychodynamic Approaches 373
Theoretical Rationale and Therapeutic Model 373
Psychodynamic Efficacy Research 373
Unresolved Psychodynamic Issues 373
Gamblers Anonymous 374
Theoretical Rationale and Therapeutic Model 374
Gamblers Anonymous Efficacy Research 374
Unresolved Gamblers Anonymous Issues 375
Behavioral Therapies 375
Theoretical Rationale and Therapeutic Model 375
Behavioral Efficacy Research 377
Unresolved Behavioral Issues 378
Cognitive and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies 379
Theoretical Rationale and Therapeutic Model 379
Cognitive Behavioral Efficacy Research 380
Unresolved Cognitive Behavioral Issues 382
Brief Treatments and Self Directed Treatments 382
Theoretical Rationale and Therapeutic Model 382
Brief Treatment Efficacy Research 383
Unresolved Brief Treatment Issues 385
Pharmacological Treatments 385
Theoretical Rationale and Therapeutic Model 385
Pharmacological Efficacy Research 386
Unresolved Pharmacological Issues 387
Alternative Approaches or Adjuncts to Therapy 388
Contents XVli
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy 388
Inpatient Programs 388
Family Approaches 389
Measurement/Evaluation Issues 390
Summary and Conclusions 391
CHAPTER 16
Prevention of Problem Gambling
Robert J. Williams, Beverly L. West, and Robert I. Simpson
Introduction 400
Educational Initiatives to Prevent Problem Gambling 401
Upstream Interventions 401
Information/Awareness Campaigns 401
More Sustained and Directed Educational Initiatives 404
Policy Initiatives to Prevent Problem Gambling 406
Restrictions on the General Availability of Gambling 406
Restricting the Number of Gambling Venues 406
Restricting More Harmful Types of Gambling 410
Limiting Gambling Opportunities to Gambling Venues 411
Restricting the Location of Gambling Venues 412
Limiting Gambling Venue Hours of Operation 413
Restrictions on Who Can Gamble 414
Prohibition on Youth Gambling 414
Restricting Gambling Venue Entry to Nonresidents 415
Casino Self Exclusion Contracts 415
Restrictions or Alterations on How Gambling Is Provided 417
On Site Intervention with At Risk Gamblers 417
Problem Gambling Awareness Training for
Employees of Gambling Venues 417
Automated Intervention for At Risk Gamblers at Gambling Venues 418
On Site Information/Counseling Centers 418
Modifying Parameters of Electronic Gambling Machines 420
Maximum Loss Limits 420
Restricting Access to Money 421
Restrictions on Concurrent Use of Alcohol and Tobacco 422
Restricting Advertising and Promotional Activities 423
Gambling Venue Design 424
Independence Between Gambling Regulator and Gambling Provider 424
Summary and Recommendations 425
xviii Contents
CHAPTER 17
Adolescent Gambling: Current Knowledge, Myths,
Assessment Strategies, and Public Policy
Implications
Jeffrey L. Derevensky and Rina Gupta
Introduction 438
Adolescent Gambling Behavior 438
Adolescent Problem Gambling 439
Measurement Issues Related to Adolescent Problem Gambling 440
Instruments Used to Assess Youth Problem Gambling 440
Perspectives on the Adolescent Prevalence Data 441
Understanding Adolescent Problem Gambling Behavior 442
Is Pathological Gambling an Enduring Disorder? 443
Are All Forms of Gambling Equally Dangerous? 443
Correlates and Risk Factors Associated with Adolescent Problem
Gambling 444
Game Features, Technological Advances, and Environmental Factors 447
Psychiatric and Mental Health Correlates 448
Protective Factors 448
Individual, Situational, and Environmental Factors 449
Treatment 450
Prevention Initiatives 453
Concluding Remarks 456
CHAPTER 18
Cross Cultural Comparisons
Jan McMUien
Introduction 465
Understanding the Relationship Between Gambling Research and
Culture: The Importance of Theory 467
Contending Theoretical Perspectives 468
Normative Theories 468
Behavioral Theories 471
Sociological and Comparative Perspectives 475
Problem Gambling: A Case Study of Research Cultures 476
Theoretical Reflections 480
The Way Forward 483
Contents xix
CHAPTER 19
Internet Gambling: Past, Present, and Future
Robert T. Wood and Robert]. Williams
Introduction 492
History of Internet Gambling 492
Current Situation 494
Prevalence of Internet Gambling 495
The Comparative Legality of Internet Gambling 496
United Kingdom 496
Other European Countries 497
Australia 497
New Zealand 497
Canada 497
United States 498
Demographic Characteristics of Internet Gamblers 499
Game Play Patterns 500
Why Do People Gamble on the Internet? 501
Problems with Internet Gambling 501
Unfair or Illegal Business Practices 501
Unfair or Illegal Player Practices 502
Internet Gambling by Prohibited Groups 502
Problem Gambling 503
Lack of Responsible Gambling Practices 505
Future of Internet Gambling 506
Researching Internet Gambling 508
CHAPTER 20
Social and Economic Impacts of Gambling
Earl L. (iritiols
Introduction 515
Social Harm 518
Economic Development 521
The Eleven Components of Economic Development
Cost—Benefit Analysis 522
The Two Sector Economy Revisited 531
Measurement 531
Summary and Conclusions 537
XX Contents
CHAPTER 21
Gambling and Crime
Colin S. Campbell and David Marshall
Introduction 542
Categorizing Gambling and Its Relationship(s) to Crime 544
Illegal Gambling 544
Crimes Correlated to Problem Gambling 545
Crimes Associated with Legal Gambling Expansion 546
Crimes Correlated to Gambling Venues 546
Crimes Distinct to Legal Gambling Operations 547
Graft and Corruption 548
Researching Illegal Gambling 548
Researching Crime Correlated to Problem Gambling 549
Researching the Impact of Gambling Facilities 550
Methodological Challenges of Researching Gambling and Crime 552
Data Problems 553
The Social Construction of Official Statistics 554
Demarcation of Gambling 557
Concluding Observations 558
PART IV
POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF GAMBLING
RESEARCH
CHAPTER 22
Values, Objectivity, and Bias in Gambling Research
Jennifer Borrell and Jacques Boulet
Introduction 568
Ontological and Epistemological Premises of Various Research
Approaches 568
Positivist (Empiricist) Approaches 569
Interpretationist (Phenomenology) Approaches 570
Critical Dialectical (Structural/Structuralist) Approaches 571
Critical Participatory (Action Oriented) Approaches 571
Postmodernist (Postrelativist) Approaches 572
Transpersonal Ecological Approaches 573
The Use of the Various Approaches in Existing Gambling Research 574
Context and Corruption of Research: How Values Come
to Influence Research Activities 575
Some Contemporary Systemic Influences on Research Processes 577
Contents xxi
Organizational and Institutional Influences 577
Neo Liberal Colonization of Universities and Research Institutions
and the Primacy of Commercial Imperatives 577
Government/Industry/Research Institution Collusion in Protecting
Positions of Privilege 578
Corruption of Science by Corporate Interests Within
a Neo Liberal Culture 579
Governmental Influences 579
Industry/Research Institute Partnerships and Influence on
Research Programs 580
Values in Gambling Research and Their Relationship
with Ideological, Cultural, and Systemic Influences 581
Individualism 581
Individual Pathology and Marginalization of the Problem 582
Neo Liberal Ideology, Individuals as Freely Choosing Consumers,
and Utilitarianism 583
Hiding Behind Putative Neutrality and Objectivity 584
The Way Forward 585
Multilevel Framework 585
Understanding Harm Production 586
Researcher Embeddedness 587
Precautionary Principle 588
CHAPTER 23
Legalized Gambling: The Diffusion of a Morality Policy
Patrick A. Pierce and Donald E. Miller
Introduction 593
History of Legalized Gambling 594
Theoretical Issues 595
Data and Methodological Issues 596
The Diffusion of Lotteries and Casinos 598
The Diffusion of Innovations and Temporal Diffusion
of Gambling Policies 598
The Diffusion of Innovations and External Diffusion
of Gambling Policies 6(12
Lotteries 603
Casinos 605
Internal Diffusion of Gambling Policies 606
The Changing Symbolic Weight of the Sinfulness
of Gambling 609
The Puzzle o( Indian Casinos 609
xxii Contents
The Future of Legalized Gambling 610
Future Research 612
CHAPTER 24
Gambling and Governance
Peter Collins
Introduction 617
A Free Market in Gambling? 618
Two Types of Arrangement for Regulating Gambling 621
Government Objectives in Relation to Gambling Policy 624
Vice 625
Crime and the Gambling Industry 627
Organized Crime and the Gambling Industry 628
Defrauding Customers 629
Money Laundering and Gambling 629
Increases in Gambling Opportunities and in General Levels of Crime 630
Problem Gambling 630
Gambling Opportunities and Problem Gambling Numbers 633
Economic Benefits 635
Taxation 636
Conclusion: Achieving Democratic Consensus About
Gambling Policy 637
Index 641
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
List of Contributors xxiii
Preface xxvii
Acknowledgments xxxv
PART I
NATURE AND SCOPE OF GAMBLING
STUDIES
CHAPTER 1
Situating Gambling Studies
Gcrda Reith
Introduction 3
The Historical Context of Gambling 4
The Paradigm Shift 6
The Emergence of "Gambling Studies" 7
Research Domains 8
Interpretivist Approaches 8
Sociological, Anthropological, and Psychological Research 8
Positivist Approaches 10
Economic and Social Cost Benefit Analyses 14
Biomedical Approaches 16
Clinical Psychological Research 17
Cognitive Psychological Research 19
Epidemiological Research and Public Health Perspectives 21
Conclusions: Current Trends and Future Directions 24
PART II
MEASUREMENT ISSUES
CHAPTER 2
Population Surveys
Rachel A. Volbcrg
Introduction 33
Purposes of Population Surveys in Gambling Studies 34
vii
viii Contents
Problem Gambling Prevalence and Comorbidity 35
Sampling Issues in Population Surveys 36
Sample Size 36
Sampling Frame 37
Sampling Modality 39
Multimodal Sampling 43
Response Rates 44
Weighting Population Survey Samples 49
Constraints and Choices in Population Research 51
CHAPTER 3
Questionnaire Design: The Art of a Stylized
Conversation
Marianna Toce Gerstein and Dean R. Gerstein
The Interview Context 56
What Is an Interview? 56
Conceptual Context 57
Physical Context: Setting and Mode 58
Social Context 60
Privacy Effects 60
Response Bias 61
Social Desirability Bias 62
Nonresponse 63
Basic Communicative Principles 63
Relevance 64
Neutrality 64
Ambiguity 65
Language of Administration 65
Translating the Questionnaire 65
Using Interpreters 66
Minimizing Cognitive Effects 67
Recall Problems 67
Limited Grasp and Computability of Quantities 68
Scaling of Attitudes, Opinions, and Behaviors 69
Causality 69
Age Graded Behavior: Special Considerations for Youth 70
Questionnaire Construction 71
Structuring the Questionnaire 71
Major Questions, Sections, and Section Order 72
Pathing Through the Interview 72
Contents IX
Question Flow and Context Effects 73
Item Response Frames 73
Reading Level 74
Pretesting 74
Informed Consent 76
Special Considerations for Gambling Research 77
Definition of Gambling 77
Gambling Participation 78
Attitudes Toward Gambling 78
Problem Gambling 79
Diagnosis of Pathological Gambling 79
Correlates of Problem Gambling 80
Problem Gambling Help and Treatment 81
CHAPTER 4
Experimental Methodologies in Gambling Studies
Sherry H. Stewart and Steven Jefferson
Basic Components of an Experimental Research Study 88
Internal and External Validity 89
Types of Experimental Designs 91
Group Experimental Designs 91
Control Groups 92
Randomization 93
Single Case Experimental Designs 93
Withdrawal Designs 95
Multiple Baseline Design 97
Sample Experimental Methodologies 98
Behavioral Observation 98
Explicit Cognition 101
Implicit Cognition 102
Think Aloud 105
Reaction Time Tasks 105
Conclusions 107
CHAPTER 5
Qualitative Methodologies
Robert A. Stebbins
Grounded Theory and Exploration 112
Exploratory Concatenation 113
X Contents
Confirmatory Qualitative Research 114
Validity and Reliability 115
Methods of Data Collection 117
Qualitative Research on Gambling Issues 120
Conclusions 122
CHAPTER 6
Longitudinal Studies of Gambling Behavior
Wendy S. Slutske
Introduction 128
Existing Longitudinal Studies of Gambling Behavior 129
Longitudinal Studies of Gambling Behavior Initiated During
Preadolescence and Adolescence 129
Montreal, Canada (Vitaro and colleagues) 129
Minnesota (Winters and colleagues) 131
New York (Barnes and colleagues) 132
Quebec, Canada (Vitaro, Ladouceur, and Bujold) 132
Longitudinal Studies of Gambling Behavior Initiated During Late
Adolescence and Early Adulthood 133
Missouri College Students (Slutske, Jackson, and Sher) 133
New York (Barnes and colleagues) 134
Dunedin, New Zealand (Slutske and colleagues) 134
Longitudinal Studies of Gambling Behavior Initiated During Early
to Late Adulthood 135
New Zealand (Abbott, Williams, and Volberg) 135
U.S. Casino Employees (Shaffer and Hall) 135
Key Issues and Challenges in Longitudinal Gambling Research 136
Statistical Techniques for Modeling Stability and Change 136
Dealing with Missing Data 137
The Low Prevalence of Pathological Gambling Disorder 139
Important Questions and What We Know So Far 140
Temporal Resolution of Gambling Correlates: Establishing Causality? 140
The Stability of Gambling Behavior 142
The Course of Gambling Behavior and Gambling Problems 145
Sequential/Stage Theories of Gambling Involvement: Is There a
"Gateway" to Problems? 146
Developmental Changes Versus Cohort or Period Effects on Levels
of Gambling Involvement 148
"Natural Experiments" in Longitudinal Gambling Research 149
Summary of What We Don't Know (Yet) 150
Contents xi
CHAPTER 7
Quantification and Dimensionalization of Gambling
Behavior
Shawn R. Currie and David M. Casey
Historical Perspectives 156
Epidemiological Data on Gambling Expenditure, Frequency,
Duration, and Type 157
Quantification of Other Addictive Behaviors 159
Importance of the Quantification of Gambling 160
Variations in Sources of Data 161
Relevant Quantitative Dimensions of Gambling Behaviors 163
Inputs 164
Participation Status 164
Types of Gambling 168
Frequency 168
Expenditure 169
Duration 170
Attitudes and Cognitions 170
Outputs 171
Financial 171
Legal 171
Social and Psychological Harms 172
Clinical Use of Quantitative Gambling Data 173
Conclusions 173
CHAPTER 8
A Review of Screening and Assessment Instruments for
Problem and Pathological Gambling
Randy Stinchfield, Richard Gowni, and G. Ron Frisch
Introduction 180
Instruments 181
Gamblers Anonymous 20 Questions (GA 20) 181
South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) 190
Massachusetts Gambling Screen (MAGS) 193
DSM IV MR (MR = Multiple Response) 193
Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity (DIGS) 194
Gambling Treatment Outcome Monitoring System (GAMTOMS) 195
National Opinion Research Center DSM IV Screen for Gambling
Problems (NODS) 196
Lie/Bet Questionnaire 198
xii Contents
Gambling Assessment Module (GAM) 199
Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) 200
Gambling Behavior Interview (GBI) 201
Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) 202
Pathological Gambling Adaptation of the Yale Brown
Obsessive Compulsive Scale (PG YBOCS) 203
Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G SAS) 204
Structured Clinical Interview for Pathological Gambling (SCI PG) 204
Conclusions and Future Research Directions 205
PART III
EMERGING GAMBLING STUDIES
RESEARCH ISSUES
CHAPTER 9
The Role of Structural Characteristics in Gambling
Jonathan Parke and Mark Griffiths
Background 218
Payment Characteristics 223
Suspension of Judgment and Cashless Gaming 223
Smart Cards, Spending Limits, and Cashless Gaming 224
Maximum Bet Size and Bill Acceptors 224
Cash Versus Credit Display 225
Playability Characteristics 226
Feature Games and Other Specialist Play Features 226
Stop Buttons 227
Gamble Buttons 229
The Near Miss 230
The Psychology of Familiarity 231
Speed and Frequency Characteristics 231
Bet Frequency and Event Frequency 232
Event Duration 232
In Running Betting 233
Payout Interval 233
Autoplay 234
Educational Characteristics 234
Clocks 235
Transparency of Expenditure and Statements 235
Warnings/Pop Up Messages 235
Contents xiii
Ambient Characteristics 236
Light and Color Effects 236
Sound Effects 236
General Sound 237
Verbal Interaction 238
Music 238
Reward Characteristics 239
Multiplier Potential and Betting Lines 239
Payout Ratios and Randomness 240
Jackpots 241
Reward Schedules and Reinforcers 242
Mandatory Cashouts 242
Issues Relating to Research and Measurement 243
Ecological Validity: Laboratory Versus Natural Setting 243
Experiments in the Natural Setting 244
Ethics in Gambling Experiments 245
Conclusions 245
CHAPTER 10
Situational Factors That Affect Gambling Behavior
Max W. Abbott
Introduction 251
Availability, Accessibility, and Exposure 252
Dimensions of Accessibility and Exposure 253
Availability and Participation 255
Studies Using Official Data 256
Surveys and Other Gambling Studies 257
Availability, Participation, and Problem Gambling 259
The Agent Gambling 259
Prevalence Studies 260
Replication Surveys 262
Prevalence Changes in Population Sectors 263
Other Exposure Concentrations 264
Prospective Studies 265
Other Location and Contextual Factors 266
Credit Cards and ATMs 268
Alcohol 269
Tobacco 270
Marketing and Advertising 271
Conclusion 272
XIV Contents
CHAPTER 11
Individual Characteristics and Problem Gambling Behavior
Tony Toneatto and Linda Nguyen
Introduction 280
Demographic Variables 280
Age 280
Gender 281
Socioeconomic Status 282
Marital Status 282
Early Childhood Experiences 283
Influence of Parental Gambling 283
Motivation to Gamble 284
Personality Factors 286
Arousal and Sensation Seeking 286
Sensation Seeking 286
Arousal 287
Impulsivity 288
Drive Reduction 289
Mood Regulation 289
Dissociation 290
Choice of Gambling Activity 290
Cognitive Variables 291
Illusion of Control 292
Illusory Correlation: Superstitious Beliefs 292
Interpretive Biases 293
Attributional Biases 293
The Gamblers Fallacy 294
Chasing 294
Illusory Control over Luck 294
Conclusion 295
CHAPTER 12
Comorbidity and Mental Illness
Nancy M. Petty and Jeremiah Weinstock
Introduction 305
Current State of Knowledge of Comorbidities with
Pathological Gambling 306
Substance Use Disorders 306
Mood Disorders 309
Anxiety Disorders 310
Other Disorders 311
Contents XV
Diagnostic Measurement Issues 311
Structured Instruments for Assessing Psychiatric Disorders 312
Assessment of Psychiatric Symptoms 315
Research Concerns and Summary 318
CHAPTER 13
Research and Measurement Issues in Gambling Studies:
Etiological Models
Alex Blaszczynski and Lia Nower
Introduction 323
Overview 324
Etiological Models 325
Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic 325
Public Health 327
Social Reward 329
Image 329
Social Validation 330
Behavioral Models 331
Cognitive Conceptualizations 333
Neurobiological, Genetic, and Biobehavioral 335
Integrated Models 337
General Theory of Addictions 337
Biopsychosocial 338
Pathways 338
Summary 339
CHAPTER 14
The Neurobiology of Pathological Gambling
Judsoii A. Brewer, Jon E. Grant, and Marc N. Polenzd
Introduction 345
Conceptualization 346
Biochemistry 347
Serotonin 347
Dopamine 348
Norepinephrine 350
Monoamine Oxidase 351
Stress Pathways 352
Opioid System 353
xvi Contents
Other Neurotransmitters 353
Neuroimaging 354
Structural Lesions and Decision Making 356
Genetics 357
Population Genetics 357
Molecular Genetics 358
Conclusions 359
CHAPTER 15
Treatment of Problem Gambling
David C. Hodgins and Alice Holub
Introduction 372
Major Approaches to Treatment 373
Psychodynamic Approaches 373
Theoretical Rationale and Therapeutic Model 373
Psychodynamic Efficacy Research 373
Unresolved Psychodynamic Issues 373
Gamblers Anonymous 374
Theoretical Rationale and Therapeutic Model 374
Gamblers Anonymous Efficacy Research 374
Unresolved Gamblers Anonymous Issues 375
Behavioral Therapies 375
Theoretical Rationale and Therapeutic Model 375
Behavioral Efficacy Research 377
Unresolved Behavioral Issues 378
Cognitive and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies 379
Theoretical Rationale and Therapeutic Model 379
Cognitive Behavioral Efficacy Research 380
Unresolved Cognitive Behavioral Issues 382
Brief Treatments and Self Directed Treatments 382
Theoretical Rationale and Therapeutic Model 382
Brief Treatment Efficacy Research 383
Unresolved Brief Treatment Issues 385
Pharmacological Treatments 385
Theoretical Rationale and Therapeutic Model 385
Pharmacological Efficacy Research 386
Unresolved Pharmacological Issues 387
Alternative Approaches or Adjuncts to Therapy 388
Contents XVli
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy 388
Inpatient Programs 388
Family Approaches 389
Measurement/Evaluation Issues 390
Summary and Conclusions 391
CHAPTER 16
Prevention of Problem Gambling
Robert J. Williams, Beverly L. West, and Robert I. Simpson
Introduction 400
Educational Initiatives to Prevent Problem Gambling 401
Upstream Interventions 401
Information/Awareness Campaigns 401
More Sustained and Directed Educational Initiatives 404
Policy Initiatives to Prevent Problem Gambling 406
Restrictions on the General Availability of Gambling 406
Restricting the Number of Gambling Venues 406
Restricting More Harmful Types of Gambling 410
Limiting Gambling Opportunities to Gambling Venues 411
Restricting the Location of Gambling Venues 412
Limiting Gambling Venue Hours of Operation 413
Restrictions on Who Can Gamble 414
Prohibition on Youth Gambling 414
Restricting Gambling Venue Entry to Nonresidents 415
Casino Self Exclusion Contracts 415
Restrictions or Alterations on How Gambling Is Provided 417
On Site Intervention with At Risk Gamblers 417
Problem Gambling Awareness Training for
Employees of Gambling Venues 417
Automated Intervention for At Risk Gamblers at Gambling Venues 418
On Site Information/Counseling Centers 418
Modifying Parameters of Electronic Gambling Machines 420
Maximum Loss Limits 420
Restricting Access to Money 421
Restrictions on Concurrent Use of Alcohol and Tobacco 422
Restricting Advertising and Promotional Activities 423
Gambling Venue Design 424
Independence Between Gambling Regulator and Gambling Provider 424
Summary and Recommendations 425
xviii Contents
CHAPTER 17
Adolescent Gambling: Current Knowledge, Myths,
Assessment Strategies, and Public Policy
Implications
Jeffrey L. Derevensky and Rina Gupta
Introduction 438
Adolescent Gambling Behavior 438
Adolescent Problem Gambling 439
Measurement Issues Related to Adolescent Problem Gambling 440
Instruments Used to Assess Youth Problem Gambling 440
Perspectives on the Adolescent Prevalence Data 441
Understanding Adolescent Problem Gambling Behavior 442
Is Pathological Gambling an Enduring Disorder? 443
Are All Forms of Gambling Equally Dangerous? 443
Correlates and Risk Factors Associated with Adolescent Problem
Gambling 444
Game Features, Technological Advances, and Environmental Factors 447
Psychiatric and Mental Health Correlates 448
Protective Factors 448
Individual, Situational, and Environmental Factors 449
Treatment 450
Prevention Initiatives 453
Concluding Remarks 456
CHAPTER 18
Cross Cultural Comparisons
Jan McMUien
Introduction 465
Understanding the Relationship Between Gambling Research and
Culture: The Importance of Theory 467
Contending Theoretical Perspectives 468
Normative Theories 468
Behavioral Theories 471
Sociological and Comparative Perspectives 475
Problem Gambling: A Case Study of Research Cultures 476
Theoretical Reflections 480
The Way Forward 483
Contents xix
CHAPTER 19
Internet Gambling: Past, Present, and Future
Robert T. Wood and Robert]. Williams
Introduction 492
History of Internet Gambling 492
Current Situation 494
Prevalence of Internet Gambling 495
The Comparative Legality of Internet Gambling 496
United Kingdom 496
Other European Countries 497
Australia 497
New Zealand 497
Canada 497
United States 498
Demographic Characteristics of Internet Gamblers 499
Game Play Patterns 500
Why Do People Gamble on the Internet? 501
Problems with Internet Gambling 501
Unfair or Illegal Business Practices 501
Unfair or Illegal Player Practices 502
Internet Gambling by Prohibited Groups 502
Problem Gambling 503
Lack of Responsible Gambling Practices 505
Future of Internet Gambling 506
Researching Internet Gambling 508
CHAPTER 20
Social and Economic Impacts of Gambling
Earl L. (iritiols
Introduction 515
Social Harm 518
Economic Development 521
The Eleven Components of Economic Development
Cost—Benefit Analysis 522
The Two Sector Economy Revisited 531
Measurement 531
Summary and Conclusions 537
XX Contents
CHAPTER 21
Gambling and Crime
Colin S. Campbell and David Marshall
Introduction 542
Categorizing Gambling and Its Relationship(s) to Crime 544
Illegal Gambling 544
Crimes Correlated to Problem Gambling 545
Crimes Associated with Legal Gambling Expansion 546
Crimes Correlated to Gambling Venues 546
Crimes Distinct to Legal Gambling Operations 547
Graft and Corruption 548
Researching Illegal Gambling 548
Researching Crime Correlated to Problem Gambling 549
Researching the Impact of Gambling Facilities 550
Methodological Challenges of Researching Gambling and Crime 552
Data Problems 553
The Social Construction of "Official Statistics" 554
Demarcation of Gambling 557
Concluding Observations 558
PART IV
POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF GAMBLING
RESEARCH
CHAPTER 22
Values, Objectivity, and Bias in Gambling Research
Jennifer Borrell and Jacques Boulet
Introduction 568
Ontological and Epistemological Premises of Various Research
Approaches 568
Positivist (Empiricist) Approaches 569
Interpretationist (Phenomenology) Approaches 570
Critical Dialectical (Structural/Structuralist) Approaches 571
Critical Participatory (Action Oriented) Approaches 571
Postmodernist (Postrelativist) Approaches 572
Transpersonal Ecological Approaches 573
The Use of the Various Approaches in Existing Gambling Research 574
Context and Corruption of Research: How Values Come
to Influence Research Activities 575
Some Contemporary Systemic Influences on Research Processes 577
Contents xxi
Organizational and Institutional Influences 577
Neo Liberal Colonization of Universities and Research Institutions
and the Primacy of Commercial Imperatives 577
Government/Industry/Research Institution Collusion in Protecting
Positions of Privilege 578
Corruption of Science by Corporate Interests Within
a Neo Liberal Culture 579
Governmental Influences 579
Industry/Research Institute Partnerships and Influence on
Research Programs 580
Values in Gambling Research and Their Relationship
with Ideological, Cultural, and Systemic Influences 581
Individualism 581
Individual Pathology and Marginalization of the Problem 582
Neo Liberal Ideology, Individuals as Freely Choosing Consumers,
and Utilitarianism 583
Hiding Behind Putative Neutrality and Objectivity 584
The Way Forward 585
Multilevel Framework 585
Understanding Harm Production 586
Researcher Embeddedness 587
Precautionary Principle 588
CHAPTER 23
Legalized Gambling: The Diffusion of a Morality Policy
Patrick A. Pierce and Donald E. Miller
Introduction 593
History of Legalized Gambling 594
Theoretical Issues 595
Data and Methodological Issues 596
The Diffusion of Lotteries and Casinos 598
The Diffusion of Innovations and Temporal Diffusion
of Gambling Policies 598
The Diffusion of Innovations and External Diffusion
of Gambling Policies 6(12
Lotteries 603
Casinos 605
Internal Diffusion of Gambling Policies 606
The Changing Symbolic Weight of the "Sinfulness
of Gambling" 609
The Puzzle o( Indian Casinos 609
xxii Contents
The Future of Legalized Gambling 610
Future Research 612
CHAPTER 24
Gambling and Governance
Peter Collins
Introduction 617
A Free Market in Gambling? 618
Two Types of Arrangement for Regulating Gambling 621
Government Objectives in Relation to Gambling Policy 624
Vice 625
Crime and the Gambling Industry 627
Organized Crime and the Gambling Industry 628
Defrauding Customers 629
Money Laundering and Gambling 629
Increases in Gambling Opportunities and in General Levels of Crime 630
Problem Gambling 630
Gambling Opportunities and Problem Gambling Numbers 633
Economic Benefits 635
Taxation 636
Conclusion: Achieving Democratic Consensus About
Gambling Policy 637
Index 641 |
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| spelling | Research and measurement issues in gambling studies [ed. by] Garry Smith ... Gambling studies Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier AP 2007 XXXV, 657 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Jeux de hasard - Aspect social Jeux de hasard - Droit Jeux de hasard - Recherche Gesellschaft Recht Gambling Research Gambling Social aspects Gambling Law and legislation Datenkompression (DE-588)4121121-2 gnd rswk-swf TCP/IP (DE-588)4197538-8 gnd rswk-swf Drahtloses lokales Netz (DE-588)4633975-9 gnd rswk-swf Spielsucht (DE-588)4124233-6 gnd rswk-swf Streaming Kommunikationstechnik (DE-588)4614855-3 gnd rswk-swf Multimedia (DE-588)4192358-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Spielsucht (DE-588)4124233-6 s DE-604 Multimedia (DE-588)4192358-3 s Datenkompression (DE-588)4121121-2 s Drahtloses lokales Netz (DE-588)4633975-9 s TCP/IP (DE-588)4197538-8 s Streaming Kommunikationstechnik (DE-588)4614855-3 s Smith, Garry Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015687905&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Research and measurement issues in gambling studies Jeux de hasard - Aspect social Jeux de hasard - Droit Jeux de hasard - Recherche Gesellschaft Recht Gambling Research Gambling Social aspects Gambling Law and legislation Datenkompression (DE-588)4121121-2 gnd TCP/IP (DE-588)4197538-8 gnd Drahtloses lokales Netz (DE-588)4633975-9 gnd Spielsucht (DE-588)4124233-6 gnd Streaming Kommunikationstechnik (DE-588)4614855-3 gnd Multimedia (DE-588)4192358-3 gnd |
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| title | Research and measurement issues in gambling studies |
| title_alt | Gambling studies |
| title_auth | Research and measurement issues in gambling studies |
| title_exact_search | Research and measurement issues in gambling studies |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Research and measurement issues in gambling studies |
| title_full | Research and measurement issues in gambling studies [ed. by] Garry Smith ... |
| title_fullStr | Research and measurement issues in gambling studies [ed. by] Garry Smith ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research and measurement issues in gambling studies [ed. by] Garry Smith ... |
| title_short | Research and measurement issues in gambling studies |
| title_sort | research and measurement issues in gambling studies |
| topic | Jeux de hasard - Aspect social Jeux de hasard - Droit Jeux de hasard - Recherche Gesellschaft Recht Gambling Research Gambling Social aspects Gambling Law and legislation Datenkompression (DE-588)4121121-2 gnd TCP/IP (DE-588)4197538-8 gnd Drahtloses lokales Netz (DE-588)4633975-9 gnd Spielsucht (DE-588)4124233-6 gnd Streaming Kommunikationstechnik (DE-588)4614855-3 gnd Multimedia (DE-588)4192358-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Jeux de hasard - Aspect social Jeux de hasard - Droit Jeux de hasard - Recherche Gesellschaft Recht Gambling Research Gambling Social aspects Gambling Law and legislation Datenkompression TCP/IP Drahtloses lokales Netz Spielsucht Streaming Kommunikationstechnik Multimedia Aufsatzsammlung |
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