Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.]
CRC Press
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents only Publisher description Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXXV, 762 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780849314346 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 020 | |a 9780849314346 |c alk. paper |9 978-0-8493-1434-6 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Ellison, D. Hank |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents |c D. Hank Ellison |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Chemical and biological warfare agents |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] |b CRC Press |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XXXV, 762 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemical warfare |v Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemical agents (Munitions) |v Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biological warfare |v Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Gegenmaßnahme |0 (DE-588)4445317-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Chemikalie |0 (DE-588)4009833-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136550155419648 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
Author xxvii
Explanatory Notes xxix
Section I Nerve Agents 1
1 Organophosphorus Nerve Agents 3
1.1 General Information 3
1.1.1 G Series Nerve Agents 3
1.1.2 V Series Nerve Agents 3
1.1.3 GV Series Nerve Agents 4
1.1.4 Novichok Series Nerve Agents 4
1.1.5 Comments 4
1.2 Toxicology 5
1.2.1 Effects 5
1.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 5
1.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 5
1.2.3.1 G Series 5
1.2.3.2 V Series 5
1.2.3.3 GV Series 6
1.2.3.4 Novichok Series 6
1.2.4 Latency Period 6
1.2.4.1 Vapor/Aerosols (Mists or Dusts) 6
1.2.4.2 Liquids 6
1.2.4.3 Solids (Nonaerosol) 6
1.3 Characteristics 6
1.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 6
1.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 6
1.3.1.2 Munition Grade 6
1.3.1.3 Binary Agents 7
1.3.1.4 Modified Agents 7
1.3.2 Stability 7
1.3.3 Persistency 8
1.3.4 Environmental Fate 8
1.4 Additional Hazards 9
1.4.1 Exposure 9
1.4.2 Livestock/Pets 9
vi Contents
1.4.3 Fire 9
1.4.4 Reactivity 10
1.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 10
1.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 10
1.4.5.2 Combustion 10
1.5 Protection 10
1.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 10
1.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 11
1.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 11
1.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 12
1.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 12
1.6 Decontamination 12
1.6.1 General 12
1.6.1.1 G Series Nerve Agents 12
1.6.1.2 V Series Nerve Agents 13
1.6.1.3 GV Series Nerve Agents 13
1.6.1.4 Novichok Agents 14
1.6.1.5 Vapors 14
1.6.1.6 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 15
1.6.1.7 Solids, Dusty Agents, or Particulate Aerosols 15
1.7 Medical 16
1.7.1 CDC Case Definition 16
1.7.2 Differential Diagnosis 16
1.7.3 Signs and Symptoms 16
1.7.3.1 Vapors/Aerosols 16
1.7.3.2 Liquids/Solids 16
1.7.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 17
1.7.4.1 Priority 1 17
1.7.4.2 Priority 2 17
1.7.4.3 Priority 3 17
1.7.4.4 Priority 4 17
1.7.5 Casualty Management 17
1.8 Fatality Management 17
References 101
2 Carbamate Nerve Agents 105
2.1 General Information 105
2.2 Toxicology 105
2.2.1 Effects 105
2.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 105
2.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 106
2.2.4 Latency Period 106
2.2.4.1 Aerosols (Mists or Dusts) 106
2.2.4.2 Solids/Solutions (Nonaerosol) 106
2.3 Characteristics 106
2.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 106
2.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 106
2.3.1.2 Modified Agents 106
2.3.2 Stability 106
2.3.3 Persistency 107
2.3.4 Environmental Fate 107
Contents vii
2.4 Additional Hazards 107
2.4.1 Exposure 107
2.4.2 Livestock/Pets 107
2.4.2.1 Fire 108
2.4.2.2 Reactivity 108
2.4.3 Hazardous Decomposition Products 108
2.4.3.1 Hydrolysis 108
2.4.3.2 Combustion 108
2.5 Protection 108
2.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 108
2.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 108
2.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 108
2.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 109
2.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 109
2.5.3 Decontamination 109
2.5.3.1 General 109
2.5.3.2 Solutions or Liquid Aerosols 109
2.5.3.3 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 110
2.6 Medical 110
2.6.1 CDC Case Definition 110
2.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 110
2.6.3 Signs and Symptoms Ill
2.6.3.1 Aerosols Ill
2.6.3.2 Solutions/Solids Ill
2.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations Ill
2.6.4.1 Priority 1 Ill
2.6.4.2 Priority 2 Ill
2.6.4.3 Priority 3 Ill
2.6.4.4 Priority 4 Ill
2.6.5 Casualty Management Ill
2.7 Fatality Management 112
References 139
Section II Vesicant/Urticant Agents 141
3 Sulfur and Nitrogen Vesicants 143
3.1 General Information 143
3.2 Toxicology 144
3.2.1 Effects 144
3.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 144
3.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 144
3.2.3.1 Sulfur Series 144
3.2.3.2 Nitrogen Series 145
3.2.4 Latency Period 145
3.2.4.1 Vapor /Aerosols (Mists or Dusts) 145
3.2.4.2 Liquids 145
3.2.4.3 Solids (Nonaerosol) 145
3.3 Characteristics 146
3.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 146
3.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 146
3.3.1.2 Munition Grade 146
viii Contents
3.3.1.3 Modified Agents 146
3.3.1.4 Mixtures with Other Agents 146
3.3.2 Stability 147
3.3.3 Persistency 147
3.3.4 Environmental Fate 147
3.4 Additional Hazards 147
3.4.1 Exposure 147
3.4.2 Livestock/Pets 148
3.4.3 Fire 148
3.4.4 Reactivity 148
3.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 148
3.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 148
3.4.5.2 Combustion 149
3.5 Protection 149
3.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 149
3.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 150
3.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 150
3.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 150
3.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 150
3.5.3 Decontamination 150
3.5.3.1 General 150
3.5.3.2 Vapors 151
3.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 152
3.5.3.4 Solids, Dusty Agents, or Particulate Aerosols 152
3.6 Medical 153
3.6.1 CDC Case Definition 153
3.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 153
3.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 153
3.6.3.1 Vapors/Aerosols 153
3.6.3.2 Liquids/Solids 154
3.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 154
3.6.4.1 Priority 1 154
3.6.4.2 Priority 2 (Majority of Cases) 154
3.6.4.3 Priority 3 154
3.6.4.4 Priority 4 154
3.6.5 Casualty Management 154
3.7 Fatality Management 155
References 187
4 Arsenic Vesicants 191
4.1 General Information 191
4.2 Toxicology 191
4.2.1 Effects 191
4.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 191
4.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 192
4.2.4 Latency Period 192
4.2.4.1 Vapor /Aerosols (Mists or Dusts) 192
4.2.4.2 Liquids 192
4.3 Characteristics 192
4.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 192
4.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 192
Contents ix
4.3.1.2 Munition Grade 193
4.3.1.3 Modified Agents 193
4.3.1.4 Mixtures with Other Agents 193
4.3.2 Stability 193
4.3.3 Persistency 193
4.3.4 Environmental Fate 193
4.4 Additional Hazards 194
4.4.1 Exposure 194
4.4.2 Livestock/Pets 194
4.4.3 Fire 194
4.4.4 Reactivity 194
4.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 194
4.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 194
4.4.5.2 Combustion 195
4.5 Protection 195
4.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 195
4.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 195
4.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 195
4.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 196
4.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 196
4.5.3 Decontamination 196
4.5.3.1 General 196
4.5.3.2 Vapors 197
4.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 197
4.6 Medical 198
4.6.1 CDC Case Definition 198
4.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 198
4.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 198
4.6.3.1 Vapors/Aerosols 198
4.6.3.2 Liquids 198
4.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 198
4.6.4.1 Priority 1 198
4.6.4.2 Priority 2 (Majority of Cases) 199
4.6.4.3 Priority 3 199
4.6.4.4 Priority 4 199
4.6.5 Casualty Management 199
4.7 Fatality Management 199
References 205
5 Urticants 207
5.1 General Information 207
5.2 Toxicology 207
5.2.1 Effects 207
5.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 208
5.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 208
5.2.4 Latency Period 208
5.3 Characteristics 208
5.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 208
5.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 208
5.3.1.2 Munition Grade 208
5.3.2 Stability 209
x Contents
5.3.3 Persistency 209
5.3.4 Environmental Fate 209
5.4 Additional Hazards 209
5.4.1 Exposure 209
5.4.2 Livestock/Pets 209
5.4.3 Fire 210
5.4.4 Reactivity 210
5.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 210
5.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 210
5.4.5.2 Combustion 210
5.5 Protection 210
5.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 210
5.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 211
5.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 211
5.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 211
5.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 211
5.5.3 Decontamination 211
5.5.3.1 General 211
5.5.3.2 Vapors 212
5.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 212
5.5.3.4 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 212
5.6 Medical 213
5.6.1 CDC Case Definition 213
5.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 213
5.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 213
5.6.3.1 Vapors/Aerosols 213
5.6.3.2 Liquids/Solids 214
5.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 214
5.6.4.1 Priority 1 214
5.6.4.2 Priority 2 (Majority of Cases) 214
5.6.4.3 Priority 3 214
5.6.4.4 Priority 4 214
5.6.5 Casualty Management 214
5.7 Fatality Management 214
References 217
Section III Toxic Agents 219
6 Bicyclophosphate Convulsants 221
6.1 General Information 221
6.2 Toxicology 221
6.2.1 Effects 221
6.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 221
6.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 222
6.2.4 Latency Period 222
6.3 Characteristics 222
6.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 222
6.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 222
6.3.1.2 Modified Agents 222
6.3.2 Stability 222
6.3.3 Persistency 222
6.3.4 Environmental Fate 222
Contents xi
6.4 Additional Hazards 223
6.4.1 Exposure 223
6.4.2 Livestock/Pets 223
6.4.3 Fire 223
6.4.4 Reactivity 224
6.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 224
6.5 Protection 224
6.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 224
6.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 224
6.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 224
6.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 224
6.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 224
6.5.3 Decontamination 225
6.5.3.1 General 225
6.5.3.2 Solutions or Liquid Aerosols 225
6.5.3.3 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 225
6.6 Medical 226
6.6.1 CDC Case Definition 226
6.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 226
6.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 226
6.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 226
6.6.5 Casualty Management 226
6.7 Fatality Management 227
References 229
7 COX Inhibiting Blood Agents 231
7.1 General Information 231
7.2 Toxicology 231
7.2.1 Effects 231
7.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 231
7.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 232
7.2.4 Latency Period 232
7.2.4.1 Vapor 232
7.2.4.2 Liquid 232
7.3 Characteristics 232
7.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 232
7.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 232
7.3.1.2 Munition Grade 232
7.3.1.3 Binary/Reactive Agents 233
7.3.1.4 Modified Agents 233
7.3.1.5 Mixtures with Other Agents 233
7.3.2 Stability 233
7.3.3 Persistency 233
7.3.4 Environmental Fate 233
7.4 Additional Hazards 234
7.4.1 Exposure 234
7.4.2 Livestock/Pets 234
7.4.3 Fire 234
7.4.4 Reactivity 234
7.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 235
7.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 235
7.4.5.2 Combustion 235
xii Contents
75 Protection 235
7.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 235
7.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 236
7.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 236
7.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 236
7.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 236
7.5.3 Decontamination 236
7.5.3.1 General 236
7.5.3.2 Vapors 236
7.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 237
7.5.3.4 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 237
7.6 Medical 237
7.6.1 CDC Case Definition (for Cyanides) 237
7.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 238
7.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 238
7.6.3.1 Vapors/Aerosols 238
7.6.3.2 Liquids/Solids 238
7.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 238
7.6.4.1 Priority 1 238
7.6.4.2 Priority 2 238
7.6.4.3 Priority 3 238
7.6.4.4 Priority 4 238
7.6.5 Casualty Management 239
7.7 Fatality Management 239
References 245
8 Arsine Blood Agents 247
8.1 General Information 247
8.2 Toxicology 247
8.2.1 Effects 247
8.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 247
8.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 247
8.2.4 Latency Period 248
8.3 Characteristics 248
8.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 248
8.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 248
8.3.2 Stability 248
8.3.3 Persistency 248
8.3.4 Environmental Fate 248
8.4 Additional Hazards 248
8.4.1 Exposure 248
8.4.2 Livestock/Pets 249
8.4.3 Fire 249
8.4.4 Reactivity 249
8.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 249
8.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 249
8.4.5.2 Combustion 249
8.5 Protection 249
8.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 249
8.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 250
8.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 250
Contents xiii
8.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 250
8.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 250
8.5.3 Decontamination 250
8.5.3.1 General 250
8.5.3.2 Vapors 250
8.5.3.3 Reactive Solids 251
8.6 Medical 251
8.6.1 CDC Case Definition 251
8.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 251
8.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 251
8.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 252
8.6.4.1 Priority 1 252
8.6.4.2 Priority 2 252
8.6.4.3 Priority 3 252
8.6.4.4 Priority 4 252
8.6.5 Casualty Management 252
8.7 Fatality Management 252
References 253
9 Carbon Monoxide Blood Agents 255
9.1 General Information 255
9.2 Toxicology 255
9.2.1 Effects 255
9.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 255
9.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 255
9.2.4 Latency Period 256
9.2.4.1 Vapor/Aerosols (Mists) 256
9.2.4.2 Liquid 256
9.3 Characteristics 256
9.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 256
9.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 256
9.3.1.2 Munition Grade 256
9.3.1.3 Mixtures with Other Agents 256
9.3.2 Stability 256
9.3.3 Persistency 256
9.3.4 Environmental Fate 257
9.4 Additional Hazards 257
9.4.1 Exposure 257
9.4.2 Livestock/Pets 257
9.4.3 Fire 258
9.4.4 Reactivity 258
9.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 258
9.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 258
9.4.5.2 Combustion 258
9.5 Protection 258
9.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 258
9.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 258
9.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 258
9.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 258
9.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 259
9.5.3 Decontamination 259
xiv Contents
9.5.3.1 General 259
9.5.3.2 Vapors 259
9.5.3.3 Liquids or Solutions (Metal Carbonyls) 259
9.6 Medical 259
9.6.1 CDC Case Definition 259
9.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 260
9.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 260
9.6.3.1 Vapors /Aerosols 260
9.6.3.2 Liquids 260
9.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 260
9.6.4.1 Priority 1 260
9.6.4.2 Priority 2 260
9.6.4.3 Priority 3 260
9.6.4.4 Priority 4 260
9.6.5 Casualty Management 261
9.7 Fatality Management 261
References 263
10 Pulmonary Agents 265
10.1 General Information 265
10.2 Toxicology 265
10.2.1 Effects 265
10.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 265
10.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 266
10.2.4 Latency Period 266
10.2.4.1 Vapor/Aerosols 266
10.3 Characteristics 266
10.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 266
10.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 266
10.3.1.2 Modified Agents 266
10.3.1.3 Mixtures with Other Agents 266
10.3.2 Stability 266
10.3.3 Persistency 267
10.3.4 Environmental Fate 267
10.4 Additional Hazards 267
10.4.1 Exposure 267
10.4.2 Livestock/Pets 267
10.4.3 Fire 267
10.4.4 Reactivity 268
10.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 268
10.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 268
10.4.5.2 Combustion 268
10.5 Protection 268
10.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 268
10.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 269
10.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 269
10.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 269
10.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 269
10.5.3 Decontamination 269
10.5.3.1 General 269
10.5.3.2 Vapors 269
Contents xv
10.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 269
10.5.3.4 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 270
10.6 Medical 270
10.6.1 CDC Case Definition 270
10.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 270
10.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 271
10.6.3.1 Vapors 271
10.6.3.2 Liquids 271
10.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 271
10.6.4.1 Priority 1 271
10.6.4.2 Priority 2 271
10.6.4.3 Priority 3 271
10.6.4.4 Priority 4 271
10.6.5 Casualty Management 271
10.7 Fatality Management 272
References 282
11 Toxic Industrial Agents 285
11.1 General Information 285
11.2 Toxicology 285
11.2.1 Effects 285
11.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 285
11.3 Protection 286
11.3.1 Evacuation Recommendations 286
11.3.2 Personal Protective Requirements 287
11.3.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 287
11.3.2.2 Respiratory Protection 287
11.3.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 287
11.3.3 Decontamination 287
11.3.3.1 General 287
11.3.3.2 Vapors 287
11.3.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 288
11.3.3.4 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 288
11.4 Medical 288
11.4.1 CDC Case Definition 288
11.4.2 Signs and Symptoms 289
11.4.2.1 Vapors 289
11.4.2.2 Liquids/Solids 289
11.4.3 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 289
11.4.4 Casualty Management 289
11.5 Fatality Management 290
References 374
Section IV Incapacitation and Riot Control Agents 377
12 Incapacitating Agents 379
12.1 General Information 379
12.2 Toxicology 380
12.2.1 Effects 380
12.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 380
12.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 380
xvi Contents
12.2.4 Latency Period 380
12.2.4.1 Vapors/Aerosols (Mists or Dusts) 380
12.2.4.2 Liquids 380
12.2.4.3 Solids (Nonaerosol) 381
12.3 Characteristics 381
12.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 381
12.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 381
12.3.1.2 Munition Grade 381
12.3.1.3 Modified Agents 381
12.3.2 Stability 381
12.3.3 Persistency 381
12.3.4 Environmental Fate 382
12.4 Additional Hazards 382
12.4.1 Exposure 382
12.4.2 Livestock/Pets 382
12.4.3 Fire 382
12.4.4 Reactivity 382
12.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 383
12.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 383
12.4.5.2 Combustion 383
12.5 Protection 383
12.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 383
12.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 383
12.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 383
12.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 383
12.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 384
12.5.3 Decontamination 384
12.5.3.1 General 384
12.5.3.2 Vapors 384
12.5.3.3 Liquids/Solutions or Liquid Aerosols 384
12.5.3.4 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 385
12.6 Medical 385
12.6.1 CDC Case Definition 385
12.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 385
12.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 385
12.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 386
12.6.4.1 Priority 1 386
12.6.4.2 Priority 2 386
12.6.4.3 Priority 3 386
12.6.4.4 Priority 4 386
12.6.5 Casualty Management 386
12.7 Fatality Management 387
References 402
13 Irritating and Lachrymatory Agents 403
13.1 General Information 403
13.2 Toxicology 403
13.2.1 Effects 403
13.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 403
13.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 404
13.2.4 Latency Period 404
Contents xvii
13.3 Characteristics 404
13.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 404
13.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 404
13.3.1.2 Munition Grade 404
13.3.1.3 Modified Agents 404
13.3.2 Stability 404
13.3.3 Persistency 405
13.3.4 Environmental Fate 405
13.4 Additional Hazards 405
13.4.1 Exposure 405
13.4.2 Livestock/Pets 405
13.4.3 Fire 405
13.4.4 Reactivity 406
13.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 406
13.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 406
13.4.5.2 Combustion 406
13.5 Protection 406
13.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 406
13.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 407
13.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 407
13.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 407
13.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 407
13.5.3 Decontamination 407
13.5.3.1 General 407
13.5.3.2 Vapors 408
13.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 408
13.5.3.4 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 408
13.6 Medical 409
13.6.1 CDC Case Definition 409
13.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 409
13.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 409
13.6.3.1 Vapors/Aerosols 409
13.6.3.2 Solids/Solutions 409
13.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 409
13.6.5 Casualty Management 410
13.7 Fatality Management 410
References 425
14 Vomiting/Sternatory Agents 427
14.1 General Information 427
14.2 Toxicology 427
14.2.1 Effects 427
14.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 428
14.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 428
14.2.4 Latency Period 428
14.2.4.1 Aerosols 428
14.3 Characteristics 428
14.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 428
14.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 428
14.3.1.2 Munition Grade 428
14.3.1.3 Modified Agents 428
xviii Contents
14.3.1.4 Mixtures with Other Agents 429
14.3.2 Stability 429
14.3.3 Persistency 429
14.3.4 Environmental Fate 429
14.4 Additional Hazards 429
14.4.1 Exposure 429
14.4.2 Livestock/Pets 430
14.4.3 Fire 430
14.4.4 Reactivity 430
14.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 430
14.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 430
14.4.5.2 Combustion 430
14.5 Protection 430
14.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 430
14.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 431
14.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 431
14.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 431
14.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 431
14.5.3 Decontamination 431
14.5.3.1 General 431
14.5.3.2 Solutions or Liquid Aerosols 432
14.5.3.3 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 432
14.6 Medical 432
14.6.1 CDC Case Definition 432
14.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 433
14.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 433
14.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 433
14.6.5 Casualty Management 433
14.7 Fatality Management 433
References 437
15 Malodorants 439
15.1 General Information 439
15.2 Toxicology 439
15.2.1 Effects 439
15.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 440
15.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 440
15.2.4 Latency Period 440
15.3 Characteristics 440
15.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 440
15.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 440
15.3.1.2 Munition Grade 440
15.3.1.3 Modified Agents 440
15.3.2 Stability 440
15.3.3 Persistency 441
15.3.4 Environmental Fate 441
15.4 Additional Hazards 441
15.4.1 Exposure 441
15.4.2 Livestock/Pets 441
15.4.3 Fire 441
15.4.4 Reactivity 441
Contents xix
15.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 442
15.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 442
15.4.5.2 Combustion 442
15.5 Protection 442
15.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 442
15.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 442
15.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 442
15.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 442
15.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 442
15.5.3 Decontamination 443
15.5.3.1 General 443
15.5.3.2 Vapors 443
15.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 443
15.6 Medical 444
15.6.1 CDC Case Definition 444
15.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 444
15.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 444
15.6.3.1 Vapors 444
15.6.3.2 Liquids 444
15.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 444
15.6.5 Casualty Management 444
15.7 Fatality Management 444
References 457
Section V Biological Agents 459
16 Toxins 461
16.1 General Information 461
16.2 Toxicology 461
16.2.1 Effects 461
16.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 462
16.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 462
16.2.4 Latency Period 462
16.3 Characteristics 462
16.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 462
16.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 462
16.3.1.2 Modified Agents 462
16.3.2 Stability 462
16.3.3 Persistency 463
16.3.4 Environmental Fate 463
16.4 Additional Hazards 463
16.4.1 Exposure 463
16.4.2 Livestock/ Pets 463
16.4.3 Fire 463
16.4.4 Reactivity 463
16.5 Protection 464
16.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 464
16.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 464
16.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters Gear 464
16.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 464
16.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 464
xx Contents
16.5.3 Decontamination 465
16.5.3.1 General 465
16.5.3.2 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 465
16.5.3.3 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 465
16.6 Medical 466
16.6.1 CDC Case Definition 466
16.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 466
16.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 466
16.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 466
16.6.5 Casualty Management 467
16.7 Fatality Management 467
References 488
17 Bacterial Pathogens 493
17.1 General Information 493
17.2 Response 494
17.2.1 Personal Protective Requirements 494
17.2.1.1 Responding to the Scene of a Release 494
17.2.1.2 Working with Infected Individuals 495
17.2.2 Decontamination 496
17.2.2.1 Food 496
17.2.2.2 Casualties /Personnel 496
17.2.2.3 Animals 496
17.2.2.4 Plants 496
17.2.2.5 Property 496
17.3 Fatality Management 497
References 522
18 Viral Pathogens 527
18.1 General Information 527
18.2 Response 528
18.2.1 Personal Protective Requirements 528
18.2.1.1 Working with Infected Individuals 529
18.2.2 Decontamination 530
18.2.2.1 Food 530
18.2.2.2 Casualties/Personnel 530
18.2.2.3 Animals 530
18.2.2.4 Plants 531
18.2.2.5 Property 531
18.3 Fatality Management 531
References 589
19 Rickettsial Pathogens 593
19.1 General Information 593
19.2 Response 594
19.2.1 Personal Protective Requirements 594
19.2.1.1 Responding to the Scene of a Release 594
19.2.1.2 Working with Infected Individuals 594
19.2.2 Decontamination 594
19.2.2.1 Food 594
19.2.2.2 Casualties/Personnel 595
19.2.2.3 Animals 595
Contents xxi
19.2.2.4 Property 595
19.3 Fatality Management 595
References 601
20 Fungal Pathogens 603
20.1 General Information 603
20.2 Response 604
20.2.1 Personal Protective Requirements 604
20.2.1.1 Responding to the Scene of a Release 604
20.2.1.2 Working with Infected Individuals 604
20.2.2 Decontamination 604
20.2.2.1 Food 604
20.2.2.2 Casualties/Personnel 604
20.2.2.3 Animals 605
20.2.2.4 Plants 605
20.2.2.5 Property 605
20.3 Fatality Management 605
References 613
Section VI Additional Information 615
21 Alphanumeric Indices 617
Additional References 731
Index 735
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
Author xxvii
Explanatory Notes xxix
Section I Nerve Agents 1
1 Organophosphorus Nerve Agents 3
1.1 General Information 3
1.1.1 G Series Nerve Agents 3
1.1.2 V Series Nerve Agents 3
1.1.3 GV Series Nerve Agents 4
1.1.4 Novichok Series Nerve Agents 4
1.1.5 Comments 4
1.2 Toxicology 5
1.2.1 Effects 5
1.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 5
1.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 5
1.2.3.1 G Series 5
1.2.3.2 V Series 5
1.2.3.3 GV Series 6
1.2.3.4 Novichok Series 6
1.2.4 Latency Period 6
1.2.4.1 Vapor/Aerosols (Mists or Dusts) 6
1.2.4.2 Liquids 6
1.2.4.3 Solids (Nonaerosol) 6
1.3 Characteristics 6
1.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 6
1.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 6
1.3.1.2 Munition Grade 6
1.3.1.3 Binary Agents 7
1.3.1.4 Modified Agents 7
1.3.2 Stability 7
1.3.3 Persistency 8
1.3.4 Environmental Fate 8
1.4 Additional Hazards 9
1.4.1 Exposure 9
1.4.2 Livestock/Pets 9
vi Contents
1.4.3 Fire 9
1.4.4 Reactivity 10
1.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 10
1.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 10
1.4.5.2 Combustion 10
1.5 Protection 10
1.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 10
1.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 11
1.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters' Gear 11
1.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 12
1.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 12
1.6 Decontamination 12
1.6.1 General 12
1.6.1.1 G Series Nerve Agents 12
1.6.1.2 V Series Nerve Agents 13
1.6.1.3 GV Series Nerve Agents 13
1.6.1.4 Novichok Agents 14
1.6.1.5 Vapors 14
1.6.1.6 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 15
1.6.1.7 Solids, Dusty Agents, or Particulate Aerosols 15
1.7 Medical 16
1.7.1 CDC Case Definition 16
1.7.2 Differential Diagnosis 16
1.7.3 Signs and Symptoms 16
1.7.3.1 Vapors/Aerosols 16
1.7.3.2 Liquids/Solids 16
1.7.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 17
1.7.4.1 Priority 1 17
1.7.4.2 Priority 2 17
1.7.4.3 Priority 3 17
1.7.4.4 Priority 4 17
1.7.5 Casualty Management 17
1.8 Fatality Management 17
References 101
2 Carbamate Nerve Agents 105
2.1 General Information 105
2.2 Toxicology 105
2.2.1 Effects 105
2.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 105
2.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 106
2.2.4 Latency Period 106
2.2.4.1 Aerosols (Mists or Dusts) 106
2.2.4.2 Solids/Solutions (Nonaerosol) 106
2.3 Characteristics 106
2.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 106
2.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 106
2.3.1.2 Modified Agents 106
2.3.2 Stability 106
2.3.3 Persistency 107
2.3.4 Environmental Fate 107
Contents vii
2.4 Additional Hazards 107
2.4.1 Exposure 107
2.4.2 Livestock/Pets 107
2.4.2.1 Fire 108
2.4.2.2 Reactivity 108
2.4.3 Hazardous Decomposition Products 108
2.4.3.1 Hydrolysis 108
2.4.3.2 Combustion 108
2.5 Protection 108
2.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 108
2.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 108
2.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters' Gear 108
2.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 109
2.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 109
2.5.3 Decontamination 109
2.5.3.1 General 109
2.5.3.2 Solutions or Liquid Aerosols 109
2.5.3.3 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 110
2.6 Medical 110
2.6.1 CDC Case Definition 110
2.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 110
2.6.3 Signs and Symptoms Ill
2.6.3.1 Aerosols Ill
2.6.3.2 Solutions/Solids Ill
2.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations Ill
2.6.4.1 Priority 1 Ill
2.6.4.2 Priority 2 Ill
2.6.4.3 Priority 3 Ill
2.6.4.4 Priority 4 Ill
2.6.5 Casualty Management Ill
2.7 Fatality Management 112
References 139
Section II Vesicant/Urticant Agents 141
3 Sulfur and Nitrogen Vesicants 143
3.1 General Information 143
3.2 Toxicology 144
3.2.1 Effects 144
3.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 144
3.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 144
3.2.3.1 Sulfur Series 144
3.2.3.2 Nitrogen Series 145
3.2.4 Latency Period 145
3.2.4.1 Vapor /Aerosols (Mists or Dusts) 145
3.2.4.2 Liquids 145
3.2.4.3 Solids (Nonaerosol) 145
3.3 Characteristics 146
3.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 146
3.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 146
3.3.1.2 Munition Grade 146
viii Contents
3.3.1.3 Modified Agents 146
3.3.1.4 Mixtures with Other Agents 146
3.3.2 Stability 147
3.3.3 Persistency 147
3.3.4 Environmental Fate 147
3.4 Additional Hazards 147
3.4.1 Exposure 147
3.4.2 Livestock/Pets 148
3.4.3 Fire 148
3.4.4 Reactivity 148
3.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 148
3.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 148
3.4.5.2 Combustion 149
3.5 Protection 149
3.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 149
3.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 150
3.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters'Gear 150
3.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 150
3.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 150
3.5.3 Decontamination 150
3.5.3.1 General 150
3.5.3.2 Vapors 151
3.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 152
3.5.3.4 Solids, Dusty Agents, or Particulate Aerosols 152
3.6 Medical 153
3.6.1 CDC Case Definition 153
3.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 153
3.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 153
3.6.3.1 Vapors/Aerosols 153
3.6.3.2 Liquids/Solids 154
3.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 154
3.6.4.1 Priority 1 154
3.6.4.2 Priority 2 (Majority of Cases) 154
3.6.4.3 Priority 3 154
3.6.4.4 Priority 4 154
3.6.5 Casualty Management 154
3.7 Fatality Management 155
References 187
4 Arsenic Vesicants 191
4.1 General Information 191
4.2 Toxicology 191
4.2.1 Effects 191
4.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 191
4.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 192
4.2.4 Latency Period 192
4.2.4.1 Vapor /Aerosols (Mists or Dusts) 192
4.2.4.2 Liquids 192
4.3 Characteristics 192
4.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 192
4.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 192
Contents ix
4.3.1.2 Munition Grade 193
4.3.1.3 Modified Agents 193
4.3.1.4 Mixtures with Other Agents 193
4.3.2 Stability 193
4.3.3 Persistency 193
4.3.4 Environmental Fate 193
4.4 Additional Hazards 194
4.4.1 Exposure 194
4.4.2 Livestock/Pets 194
4.4.3 Fire 194
4.4.4 Reactivity 194
4.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 194
4.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 194
4.4.5.2 Combustion 195
4.5 Protection 195
4.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 195
4.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 195
4.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters' Gear 195
4.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 196
4.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 196
4.5.3 Decontamination 196
4.5.3.1 General 196
4.5.3.2 Vapors 197
4.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 197
4.6 Medical 198
4.6.1 CDC Case Definition 198
4.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 198
4.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 198
4.6.3.1 Vapors/Aerosols 198
4.6.3.2 Liquids 198
4.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 198
4.6.4.1 Priority 1 198
4.6.4.2 Priority 2 (Majority of Cases) 199
4.6.4.3 Priority 3 199
4.6.4.4 Priority 4 199
4.6.5 Casualty Management 199
4.7 Fatality Management 199
References 205
5 Urticants 207
5.1 General Information 207
5.2 Toxicology 207
5.2.1 Effects 207
5.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 208
5.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 208
5.2.4 Latency Period 208
5.3 Characteristics 208
5.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 208
5.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 208
5.3.1.2 Munition Grade 208
5.3.2 Stability 209
x Contents
5.3.3 Persistency 209
5.3.4 Environmental Fate 209
5.4 Additional Hazards 209
5.4.1 Exposure 209
5.4.2 Livestock/Pets 209
5.4.3 Fire 210
5.4.4 Reactivity 210
5.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 210
5.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 210
5.4.5.2 Combustion 210
5.5 Protection 210
5.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 210
5.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 211
5.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters'Gear 211
5.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 211
5.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 211
5.5.3 Decontamination 211
5.5.3.1 General 211
5.5.3.2 Vapors 212
5.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 212
5.5.3.4 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 212
5.6 Medical 213
5.6.1 CDC Case Definition 213
5.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 213
5.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 213
5.6.3.1 Vapors/Aerosols 213
5.6.3.2 Liquids/Solids 214
5.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 214
5.6.4.1 Priority 1 214
5.6.4.2 Priority 2 (Majority of Cases) 214
5.6.4.3 Priority 3 214
5.6.4.4 Priority 4 214
5.6.5 Casualty Management 214
5.7 Fatality Management 214
References 217
Section III Toxic Agents 219
6 Bicyclophosphate Convulsants 221
6.1 General Information 221
6.2 Toxicology 221
6.2.1 Effects 221
6.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 221
6.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 222
6.2.4 Latency Period 222
6.3 Characteristics 222
6.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 222
6.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 222
6.3.1.2 Modified Agents 222
6.3.2 Stability 222
6.3.3 Persistency 222
6.3.4 Environmental Fate 222
Contents xi
6.4 Additional Hazards 223
6.4.1 Exposure 223
6.4.2 Livestock/Pets 223
6.4.3 Fire 223
6.4.4 Reactivity 224
6.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 224
6.5 Protection 224
6.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 224
6.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 224
6.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters'Gear 224
6.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 224
6.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 224
6.5.3 Decontamination 225
6.5.3.1 General 225
6.5.3.2 Solutions or Liquid Aerosols 225
6.5.3.3 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 225
6.6 Medical 226
6.6.1 CDC Case Definition 226
6.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 226
6.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 226
6.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 226
6.6.5 Casualty Management 226
6.7 Fatality Management 227
References 229
7 COX Inhibiting Blood Agents 231
7.1 General Information 231
7.2 Toxicology 231
7.2.1 Effects 231
7.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 231
7.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 232
7.2.4 Latency Period 232
7.2.4.1 Vapor 232
7.2.4.2 Liquid 232
7.3 Characteristics 232
7.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 232
7.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 232
7.3.1.2 Munition Grade 232
7.3.1.3 Binary/Reactive Agents 233
7.3.1.4 Modified Agents 233
7.3.1.5 Mixtures with Other Agents 233
7.3.2 Stability 233
7.3.3 Persistency 233
7.3.4 Environmental Fate 233
7.4 Additional Hazards 234
7.4.1 Exposure 234
7.4.2 Livestock/Pets 234
7.4.3 Fire 234
7.4.4 Reactivity 234
7.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 235
7.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 235
7.4.5.2 Combustion 235
xii Contents
75 Protection 235
7.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 235
7.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 236
7.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters' Gear 236
7.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 236
7.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 236
7.5.3 Decontamination 236
7.5.3.1 General 236
7.5.3.2 Vapors 236
7.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 237
7.5.3.4 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 237
7.6 Medical 237
7.6.1 CDC Case Definition (for Cyanides) 237
7.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 238
7.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 238
7.6.3.1 Vapors/Aerosols 238
7.6.3.2 Liquids/Solids 238
7.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 238
7.6.4.1 Priority 1 238
7.6.4.2 Priority 2 238
7.6.4.3 Priority 3 238
7.6.4.4 Priority 4 238
7.6.5 Casualty Management 239
7.7 Fatality Management 239
References 245
8 Arsine Blood Agents 247
8.1 General Information 247
8.2 Toxicology 247
8.2.1 Effects 247
8.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 247
8.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 247
8.2.4 Latency Period 248
8.3 Characteristics 248
8.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 248
8.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 248
8.3.2 Stability 248
8.3.3 Persistency 248
8.3.4 Environmental Fate 248
8.4 Additional Hazards 248
8.4.1 Exposure 248
8.4.2 Livestock/Pets 249
8.4.3 Fire 249
8.4.4 Reactivity 249
8.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 249
8.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 249
8.4.5.2 Combustion 249
8.5 Protection 249
8.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 249
8.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 250
8.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters'Gear 250
Contents xiii
8.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 250
8.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 250
8.5.3 Decontamination 250
8.5.3.1 General 250
8.5.3.2 Vapors 250
8.5.3.3 Reactive Solids 251
8.6 Medical 251
8.6.1 CDC Case Definition 251
8.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 251
8.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 251
8.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 252
8.6.4.1 Priority 1 252
8.6.4.2 Priority 2 252
8.6.4.3 Priority 3 252
8.6.4.4 Priority 4 252
8.6.5 Casualty Management 252
8.7 Fatality Management 252
References 253
9 Carbon Monoxide Blood Agents 255
9.1 General Information 255
9.2 Toxicology 255
9.2.1 Effects 255
9.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 255
9.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 255
9.2.4 Latency Period 256
9.2.4.1 Vapor/Aerosols (Mists) 256
9.2.4.2 Liquid 256
9.3 Characteristics 256
9.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 256
9.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 256
9.3.1.2 Munition Grade 256
9.3.1.3 Mixtures with Other Agents 256
9.3.2 Stability 256
9.3.3 Persistency 256
9.3.4 Environmental Fate 257
9.4 Additional Hazards 257
9.4.1 Exposure 257
9.4.2 Livestock/Pets 257
9.4.3 Fire 258
9.4.4 Reactivity 258
9.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 258
9.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 258
9.4.5.2 Combustion 258
9.5 Protection 258
9.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 258
9.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 258
9.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters' Gear 258
9.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 258
9.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 259
9.5.3 Decontamination 259
xiv Contents
9.5.3.1 General 259
9.5.3.2 Vapors 259
9.5.3.3 Liquids or Solutions (Metal Carbonyls) 259
9.6 Medical 259
9.6.1 CDC Case Definition 259
9.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 260
9.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 260
9.6.3.1 Vapors /Aerosols 260
9.6.3.2 Liquids 260
9.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 260
9.6.4.1 Priority 1 260
9.6.4.2 Priority 2 260
9.6.4.3 Priority 3 260
9.6.4.4 Priority 4 260
9.6.5 Casualty Management 261
9.7 Fatality Management 261
References 263
10 Pulmonary Agents 265
10.1 General Information 265
10.2 Toxicology 265
10.2.1 Effects 265
10.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 265
10.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 266
10.2.4 Latency Period 266
10.2.4.1 Vapor/Aerosols 266
10.3 Characteristics 266
10.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 266
10.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 266
10.3.1.2 Modified Agents 266
10.3.1.3 Mixtures with Other Agents 266
10.3.2 Stability 266
10.3.3 Persistency 267
10.3.4 Environmental Fate 267
10.4 Additional Hazards 267
10.4.1 Exposure 267
10.4.2 Livestock/Pets 267
10.4.3 Fire 267
10.4.4 Reactivity 268
10.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 268
10.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 268
10.4.5.2 Combustion 268
10.5 Protection 268
10.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 268
10.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 269
10.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters'Gear 269
10.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 269
10.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 269
10.5.3 Decontamination 269
10.5.3.1 General 269
10.5.3.2 Vapors 269
Contents xv
10.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 269
10.5.3.4 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 270
10.6 Medical 270
10.6.1 CDC Case Definition 270
10.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 270
10.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 271
10.6.3.1 Vapors 271
10.6.3.2 Liquids 271
10.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 271
10.6.4.1 Priority 1 271
10.6.4.2 Priority 2 271
10.6.4.3 Priority 3 271
10.6.4.4 Priority 4 271
10.6.5 Casualty Management 271
10.7 Fatality Management 272
References 282
11 Toxic Industrial Agents 285
11.1 General Information 285
11.2 Toxicology 285
11.2.1 Effects 285
11.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 285
11.3 Protection 286
11.3.1 Evacuation Recommendations 286
11.3.2 Personal Protective Requirements 287
11.3.2.1 Structural Firefighters'Gear 287
11.3.2.2 Respiratory Protection 287
11.3.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 287
11.3.3 Decontamination 287
11.3.3.1 General 287
11.3.3.2 Vapors 287
11.3.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 288
11.3.3.4 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 288
11.4 Medical 288
11.4.1 CDC Case Definition 288
11.4.2 Signs and Symptoms 289
11.4.2.1 Vapors 289
11.4.2.2 Liquids/Solids 289
11.4.3 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 289
11.4.4 Casualty Management 289
11.5 Fatality Management 290
References 374
Section IV Incapacitation and Riot Control Agents 377
12 Incapacitating Agents 379
12.1 General Information 379
12.2 Toxicology 380
12.2.1 Effects 380
12.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 380
12.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 380
xvi Contents
12.2.4 Latency Period 380
12.2.4.1 Vapors/Aerosols (Mists or Dusts) 380
12.2.4.2 Liquids 380
12.2.4.3 Solids (Nonaerosol) 381
12.3 Characteristics 381
12.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 381
12.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 381
12.3.1.2 Munition Grade 381
12.3.1.3 Modified Agents 381
12.3.2 Stability 381
12.3.3 Persistency 381
12.3.4 Environmental Fate 382
12.4 Additional Hazards 382
12.4.1 Exposure 382
12.4.2 Livestock/Pets 382
12.4.3 Fire 382
12.4.4 Reactivity 382
12.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 383
12.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 383
12.4.5.2 Combustion 383
12.5 Protection 383
12.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 383
12.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 383
12.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters'Gear 383
12.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 383
12.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 384
12.5.3 Decontamination 384
12.5.3.1 General 384
12.5.3.2 Vapors 384
12.5.3.3 Liquids/Solutions or Liquid Aerosols 384
12.5.3.4 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 385
12.6 Medical 385
12.6.1 CDC Case Definition 385
12.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 385
12.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 385
12.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 386
12.6.4.1 Priority 1 386
12.6.4.2 Priority 2 386
12.6.4.3 Priority 3 386
12.6.4.4 Priority 4 386
12.6.5 Casualty Management 386
12.7 Fatality Management 387
References 402
13 Irritating and Lachrymatory Agents 403
13.1 General Information 403
13.2 Toxicology 403
13.2.1 Effects 403
13.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 403
13.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 404
13.2.4 Latency Period 404
Contents xvii
13.3 Characteristics 404
13.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 404
13.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 404
13.3.1.2 Munition Grade 404
13.3.1.3 Modified Agents 404
13.3.2 Stability 404
13.3.3 Persistency 405
13.3.4 Environmental Fate 405
13.4 Additional Hazards 405
13.4.1 Exposure 405
13.4.2 Livestock/Pets 405
13.4.3 Fire 405
13.4.4 Reactivity 406
13.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 406
13.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 406
13.4.5.2 Combustion 406
13.5 Protection 406
13.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 406
13.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 407
13.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters' Gear 407
13.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 407
13.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 407
13.5.3 Decontamination 407
13.5.3.1 General 407
13.5.3.2 Vapors 408
13.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 408
13.5.3.4 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 408
13.6 Medical 409
13.6.1 CDC Case Definition 409
13.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 409
13.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 409
13.6.3.1 Vapors/Aerosols 409
13.6.3.2 Solids/Solutions 409
13.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 409
13.6.5 Casualty Management 410
13.7 Fatality Management 410
References 425
14 Vomiting/Sternatory Agents 427
14.1 General Information 427
14.2 Toxicology 427
14.2.1 Effects 427
14.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 428
14.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 428
14.2.4 Latency Period 428
14.2.4.1 Aerosols 428
14.3 Characteristics 428
14.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 428
14.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 428
14.3.1.2 Munition Grade 428
14.3.1.3 Modified Agents 428
xviii Contents
14.3.1.4 Mixtures with Other Agents 429
14.3.2 Stability 429
14.3.3 Persistency 429
14.3.4 Environmental Fate 429
14.4 Additional Hazards 429
14.4.1 Exposure 429
14.4.2 Livestock/Pets 430
14.4.3 Fire 430
14.4.4 Reactivity 430
14.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 430
14.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 430
14.4.5.2 Combustion 430
14.5 Protection 430
14.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 430
14.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 431
14.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters' Gear 431
14.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 431
14.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 431
14.5.3 Decontamination 431
14.5.3.1 General 431
14.5.3.2 Solutions or Liquid Aerosols 432
14.5.3.3 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 432
14.6 Medical 432
14.6.1 CDC Case Definition 432
14.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 433
14.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 433
14.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 433
14.6.5 Casualty Management 433
14.7 Fatality Management 433
References 437
15 Malodorants 439
15.1 General Information 439
15.2 Toxicology 439
15.2.1 Effects 439
15.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 440
15.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 440
15.2.4 Latency Period 440
15.3 Characteristics 440
15.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 440
15.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 440
15.3.1.2 Munition Grade 440
15.3.1.3 Modified Agents 440
15.3.2 Stability 440
15.3.3 Persistency 441
15.3.4 Environmental Fate 441
15.4 Additional Hazards 441
15.4.1 Exposure 441
15.4.2 Livestock/Pets 441
15.4.3 Fire 441
15.4.4 Reactivity 441
Contents xix
15.4.5 Hazardous Decomposition Products 442
15.4.5.1 Hydrolysis 442
15.4.5.2 Combustion 442
15.5 Protection 442
15.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 442
15.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 442
15.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters' Gear 442
15.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 442
15.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 442
15.5.3 Decontamination 443
15.5.3.1 General 443
15.5.3.2 Vapors 443
15.5.3.3 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 443
15.6 Medical 444
15.6.1 CDC Case Definition 444
15.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 444
15.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 444
15.6.3.1 Vapors 444
15.6.3.2 Liquids 444
15.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 444
15.6.5 Casualty Management 444
15.7 Fatality Management 444
References 457
Section V Biological Agents 459
16 Toxins 461
16.1 General Information 461
16.2 Toxicology 461
16.2.1 Effects 461
16.2.2 Pathways and Routes of Exposure 462
16.2.3 General Exposure Hazards 462
16.2.4 Latency Period 462
16.3 Characteristics 462
16.3.1 Physical Appearance/Odor 462
16.3.1.1 Laboratory Grade 462
16.3.1.2 Modified Agents 462
16.3.2 Stability 462
16.3.3 Persistency 463
16.3.4 Environmental Fate 463
16.4 Additional Hazards 463
16.4.1 Exposure 463
16.4.2 Livestock/ Pets 463
16.4.3 Fire 463
16.4.4 Reactivity 463
16.5 Protection 464
16.5.1 Evacuation Recommendations 464
16.5.2 Personal Protective Requirements 464
16.5.2.1 Structural Firefighters' Gear 464
16.5.2.2 Respiratory Protection 464
16.5.2.3 Chemical Protective Clothing 464
xx Contents
16.5.3 Decontamination 465
16.5.3.1 General 465
16.5.3.2 Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols 465
16.5.3.3 Solids or Particulate Aerosols 465
16.6 Medical 466
16.6.1 CDC Case Definition 466
16.6.2 Differential Diagnosis 466
16.6.3 Signs and Symptoms 466
16.6.4 Mass Casualty Triage Recommendations 466
16.6.5 Casualty Management 467
16.7 Fatality Management 467
References 488
17 Bacterial Pathogens 493
17.1 General Information 493
17.2 Response 494
17.2.1 Personal Protective Requirements 494
17.2.1.1 Responding to the Scene of a Release 494
17.2.1.2 Working with Infected Individuals 495
17.2.2 Decontamination 496
17.2.2.1 Food 496
17.2.2.2 Casualties /Personnel 496
17.2.2.3 Animals 496
17.2.2.4 Plants 496
17.2.2.5 Property 496
17.3 Fatality Management 497
References 522
18 Viral Pathogens 527
18.1 General Information 527
18.2 Response 528
18.2.1 Personal Protective Requirements 528
18.2.1.1 Working with Infected Individuals 529
18.2.2 Decontamination 530
18.2.2.1 Food 530
18.2.2.2 Casualties/Personnel 530
18.2.2.3 Animals 530
18.2.2.4 Plants 531
18.2.2.5 Property 531
18.3 Fatality Management 531
References 589
19 Rickettsial Pathogens 593
19.1 General Information 593
19.2 Response 594
19.2.1 Personal Protective Requirements 594
19.2.1.1 Responding to the Scene of a Release 594
19.2.1.2 Working with Infected Individuals 594
19.2.2 Decontamination 594
19.2.2.1 Food 594
19.2.2.2 Casualties/Personnel 595
19.2.2.3 Animals 595
Contents xxi
19.2.2.4 Property 595
19.3 Fatality Management 595
References 601
20 Fungal Pathogens 603
20.1 General Information 603
20.2 Response 604
20.2.1 Personal Protective Requirements 604
20.2.1.1 Responding to the Scene of a Release 604
20.2.1.2 Working with Infected Individuals 604
20.2.2 Decontamination 604
20.2.2.1 Food 604
20.2.2.2 Casualties/Personnel 604
20.2.2.3 Animals 605
20.2.2.4 Plants 605
20.2.2.5 Property 605
20.3 Fatality Management 605
References 613
Section VI Additional Information 615
21 Alphanumeric Indices 617
Additional References 731
Index 735 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Ellison, D. Hank |
| author_facet | Ellison, D. Hank |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Ellison, D. Hank |
| author_variant | d h e dh dhe |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022465167 |
| callnumber-first | U - Military Science |
| callnumber-label | UG447 |
| callnumber-raw | UG447 |
| callnumber-search | UG447 |
| callnumber-sort | UG 3447 |
| callnumber-subject | UG - Military Engineering and Air Forces |
| classification_rvk | XF 4500 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)82473582 (DE-599)BVBBV022465167 |
| dewey-full | 358/.34 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 358 - Air & other specialized forces |
| dewey-raw | 358/.34 |
| dewey-search | 358/.34 |
| dewey-sort | 3358 234 |
| dewey-tens | 350 - Public administration and military science |
| discipline | Militärwissenschaft Medizin |
| discipline_str_mv | Militärwissenschaft Medizin |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV022465167 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:42:02Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:58:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780849314346 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2007005392 |
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| physical | XXXV, 762 S. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
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| publisher | CRC Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Ellison, D. Hank Verfasser aut Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents D. Hank Ellison Chemical and biological warfare agents 2. ed. Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] CRC Press 2008 XXXV, 762 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Chemical warfare Handbooks, manuals, etc Chemical agents (Munitions) Handbooks, manuals, etc Biological warfare Handbooks, manuals, etc Gegenmaßnahme (DE-588)4445317-6 gnd rswk-swf Chemische Waffe (DE-588)4009865-5 gnd rswk-swf Biologische Waffe (DE-588)4145624-5 gnd rswk-swf Pathogener Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4044890-3 gnd rswk-swf Chemikalie (DE-588)4009833-3 gnd rswk-swf Chemische Waffe (DE-588)4009865-5 s Chemikalie (DE-588)4009833-3 s DE-604 Biologische Waffe (DE-588)4145624-5 s Pathogener Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4044890-3 s Gegenmaßnahme (DE-588)4445317-6 s 1\p DE-604 2\p DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0710/2007005392.html Table of contents only http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0708/2007005392-d.html Publisher description HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015672768&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Ellison, D. Hank Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents Chemical warfare Handbooks, manuals, etc Chemical agents (Munitions) Handbooks, manuals, etc Biological warfare Handbooks, manuals, etc Gegenmaßnahme (DE-588)4445317-6 gnd Chemische Waffe (DE-588)4009865-5 gnd Biologische Waffe (DE-588)4145624-5 gnd Pathogener Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4044890-3 gnd Chemikalie (DE-588)4009833-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4445317-6 (DE-588)4009865-5 (DE-588)4145624-5 (DE-588)4044890-3 (DE-588)4009833-3 |
| title | Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents |
| title_alt | Chemical and biological warfare agents |
| title_auth | Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents |
| title_exact_search | Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents |
| title_full | Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents D. Hank Ellison |
| title_fullStr | Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents D. Hank Ellison |
| title_full_unstemmed | Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents D. Hank Ellison |
| title_short | Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents |
| title_sort | handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents |
| topic | Chemical warfare Handbooks, manuals, etc Chemical agents (Munitions) Handbooks, manuals, etc Biological warfare Handbooks, manuals, etc Gegenmaßnahme (DE-588)4445317-6 gnd Chemische Waffe (DE-588)4009865-5 gnd Biologische Waffe (DE-588)4145624-5 gnd Pathogener Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4044890-3 gnd Chemikalie (DE-588)4009833-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chemical warfare Handbooks, manuals, etc Chemical agents (Munitions) Handbooks, manuals, etc Biological warfare Handbooks, manuals, etc Gegenmaßnahme Chemische Waffe Biologische Waffe Pathogener Mikroorganismus Chemikalie |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0710/2007005392.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0708/2007005392-d.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015672768&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ellisondhank handbookofchemicalandbiologicalwarfareagents AT ellisondhank chemicalandbiologicalwarfareagents |