Stradanja i pamćenja: holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Croatian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Osijek
Hrvatski Inst. za Povijest, Podružnica za Povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje [u.a.]
2006
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Prilozi za proučavanje povijesti Židova u Osijeku
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Suffering and remembering |
| Beschreibung: | 350 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9536659247 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV022447478 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20190528 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 070531s2006 a||| |||| 00||| hrv d | ||
| 020 | |a 9536659247 |9 953-6659-24-7 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)84905230 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV022447478 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a hrv | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a DS135.C75 | |
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Živaković-Kerže, Zlata |d 1953- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1187294829 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Stradanja i pamćenja |b holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja |c Zlata Živaković Kerže |
| 264 | 1 | |a Osijek |b Hrvatski Inst. za Povijest, Podružnica za Povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje [u.a.] |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a 350 S. |b Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Prilozi za proučavanje povijesti Židova u Osijeku | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Suffering and remembering | ||
| 648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1900-2000 | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1900-2000 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1941-2005 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Juden | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) |v Registers of dead |z Croatia |z Osijek | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) |z Croatia |z Osijek | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Jews |z Croatia |z Osijek |x History |y 20th century | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Juden |0 (DE-588)4028808-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Judenvernichtung |0 (DE-588)4073091-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Berühmte Persönlichkeit |0 (DE-588)4191412-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Jüdische Gemeinde |0 (DE-588)4162805-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Religiöses Leben |0 (DE-588)4115741-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Osijek (Croatia) |x Ethnic relations |y 20th century | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Osijek (Croatia) |x History |y 20th century | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Osijek |0 (DE-588)4115300-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4006804-3 |a Biografie |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Osijek |0 (DE-588)4115300-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Judenvernichtung |0 (DE-588)4073091-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Religiöses Leben |0 (DE-588)4115741-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Jüdische Gemeinde |0 (DE-588)4162805-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1941-2005 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Osijek |0 (DE-588)4115300-5 |D g |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Juden |0 (DE-588)4028808-0 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 2 | |a Berühmte Persönlichkeit |0 (DE-588)4191412-0 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 3 | |a Geschichte 1900-2000 |A z |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015655422&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015655422&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 940 | 1 | |n DHB | |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 940 | 1 | |q DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015655422 | ||
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909.04924 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 4972 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909.04924 |e 22/bsb |f 090511 |g 4972 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 307.09 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 4972 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 929 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 4972 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136525816922113 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | sadrža;
RIJEČI UREDNIKA
...................................................................................................................................................................................
б
Prof. dr.
se. Zlata Živaković-Kerže
RIJEČI AUTORICE
....................................................................................................................................................................................8
HOLOKAUST U OSIJEKU
(1941. - 1945.).......................................................................................................................10
ŽIDOVI U OSIJEKU PRED DRUGI SVJETSKI RAT
...................................................................................................12
Antisemitizam
1
940./1
941.
godine
.......................................................................................................................................12
U RATNOM VIHORU
.....................................................................................................................................................................16
Uspostava Nezavisne Države Hrvatske
...........................................................................................................................1 6
Djelovanje Nezavisne Države Hrvatske
...........................................................................................................................19
Stanje u gradu
.........................................................................................................................................................................................21
Protužidovska politika
.....................................................................................................................................................................21
Spaljivanje gornjogradske sinagoge
......................................................................................................................................30
Protužidovski zakoni i odredbe
...............................................................................................................................................32
Temelji tragičnih zbivanja
.............................................................................................................................................................32
Onemogućavanje normalnog života
.................................................................................................................................36
Uhićenja, prisilni rad i oduzimanje imovine
...................................................................................................................36
Sveopće zabrane
...................................................................................................................................................................................40
Obveza nošenja židovskog znaka
..........................................................................................................................................43
Između
nadei
spasa
...........................................................................................................................................................................46
Različiti oblici pljačkanja
..................................................................................................................................................................55
I
/
i
........ .,., ..................................................................
w W
Kontribucija
.................................................................................................................................................................................................55
Pljačke nepokretne i pokretne imovine
.................................................................................:.........................................57
Preseljenje iz stanova i kuća -još jedan oblik pljačke
.........................................................................................73
Nesigurnost života
..............................................................................................................................................................................78
Otpuštanja iz državne službe
....................................................................................................................................................80
Nada spasa za liječnike Židove
................................................................................................................................................80
Protužidovske i protukomunističke manifestacije
..................................................................................................83
Spašavanje
-
odlasci iz Osijeka
.............................................................................................................................91
Nada u spas prelaskom u Mađarsku
...................................................................................................................................95
Židovska bogostovna općina
......................................................................................................................................................96
348
I STRADANJA I PAMĆENJA- Holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja
Ä
Djelovanje u teški
m
okolnosti ma
..........................................................................................................................................96
DEPORTIRANJA I LIKVIDACIJE
..............................................................................................................................................106
Logorski sustav
.....................................................................................................................................................................................106
Između života i smrti
-
„sabirni i radni logori
.........................................................................................................108
Jasenovačka skupina logora
-
Koncentracijski logor Jasenovac
................................................................111
Nesnosni uvjeti rada i neljudsko življenje
....................................................................................................................114
Sabimi logor u Đakovu
................................................................................................................................................................118
Od židovskog naselja u Tenji do sabirnog logora
................................................................................................127
Izgradnja naselja
...........................................................................................................-.........................................................................128
Život u izolaciji
.......................................................................................................................................................................................130
Pretvaranje naselja u sabirni logor
.....................................................................................................................................135
Dopremanje preostalih Židova u gradska sabirna mjesta
............................................................................137
Putovanje u smrt
...............................................................................................................................................................................138
Deportirani i usmrćeni osječki Židovi
.............................................................................................................................143
Židovi koji su ostali u gradu nakon deportacije
....................................................................................................174
NAKON DRUGOG SVJETSKOG RATA
..........................................................................................................................180
Židovi u Osijeku u poslijeratnim godinama
..............................................................................................................180
Nastavak tragične sudbine
..........................................................................................................................................................182
Odlazak u Izrael
..................................................................................................................................................................................185
Židovska općina u Osijeku
.......................................................................................................................................................186
Obnova rada i djelovanje
.............................................................................................................................................................186
Rad općinskih sekcija i ostale aktivnosti
.......................................................................................................................191
Prof. dr.
se. Darko
Fischer303
U SUVERENOJ REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ
.......................................................................................................................214
Djelovanje u vrijeme Domovinskog rata
.......................................................................................................................214
Poratno razdoblje
................................................................................................................................................................................221
Novo rukovodstvo uprave
..........................................................................................................................................................242
Aktivnosti nove uprave
..................................................................................................................................................................243
Osvrt na posljednje razdoblje
..................................................................................................................................................246
303Dio teme „Život koji se nastavlja ove knjige predočio je i u pojedinostima djelovanje Židovske općine Osijek u najnovije vrijeme
obradio
prof. dr.
se. Darko
Fischer,
koji je u obrađenom razdoblju bio predsjednik općine. U knjizi je taj prilog objavljen na stranicama
od
214
do247.
Щф
STRADANJA
/
PAMĆENJA
-
Holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja I
349
SAŽETAK
..................................................................................................................................................................................................250
SUMMARY
.............................................................................................................................................................................................256
BIOGRAFSKI PODACI SPOMENUTIH OSOBA U KNJIZI
.............................................................................262
IZ RECENZIJA
.......................................................................................................................................................................................306
KAZALO IMENA
.................................................................................................................................................................................310
KAZALO ZEMLJOPISNIH POJMOVA
..............................................................................................................................330
KRATICE
......................................................................................................................................................................................................334
LITERATURA
...........................................................................................................................................................................................338
VRELA
............................................................................................................................................................................................................342
SADRŽAJ
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................348
350
STRADANJA I PAMĆENJA
-
Holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja
SUMMARY
SUFFERING AND REMEMBERING
Holocaust in
Osijek
and Continuing
Ufe
It was the constant exposure to the news of the arrival of refugees from Hitler-ruled
Germany in the middle of the
1930s
to the territory of the then Yugoslavia, that Jews
recognized the first signs of anti-Semitism. Not even as late as
1939
could they infer from
the news the atrocities that they were about to encounter. However, the inevitable war that
was approaching was accompanied by the growing anti-Semitic pressure that was first felt
by the Osijekjews in autumn
1940.
Nazi swastikas, the symbols of the local German cultural
community
(Kulturbund)
and writings
ŽAP (Živio
Ante
Pavelić,
Long Live Ante
Pavelić)
began to appear on the fronts of the buildings in the Upper Town. Such propaganda was
mainly supported by the members of the Society of Friends of Germany and
Kulturbund,
all of who were of German nationality. There were
14,000
Germans in the town at the
beginning of
1940
and during the first months of the rule of NDH (Croatian Independent
State) it increased to
18,000.
Not even the slogan, which said that one should go where one
belongs to
{svoj svome)
and which promoted the so-called economic nationalism (almost
all commerce, crafts and industry was owned by the Jews in
Osijek)
could force them to
leave the town. They simply could not comprehend that they were actually being fiercely
accused of all the trouble. As a result, many of them, both in
Osijek
and elsewhere in
Croatia, Yugoslavia and all around Europe, were not aware that this was going to lead to
the most horrific catastrophe they could ever imagine: the Holocaust.
Despite anti-Semitism and adverse circumstances, the life within the
Osijek
Jewish
community appeared to be usual in the first three months of
1941.
Jewish religious
communities in the Upper and Lower Town continued to be gathering sites for
Osijek
Jews. All the activities there were carried without any disturbances; tithe was collected as
well as donations for KKL, KH and Shekel, humanitarian and other activities were organised.
Although the social life in the Jewish national society (MCO), Jewish women s societies,
Jewish holiday association colony, Association of Zionist women
(WIZO),
Hevra Kaddisha
and the culture division of the Jewish sports and gymnastics society Macabbi decreased
considerably, some activities still attracted attention. The societies used to organize
occasional lectures in the big hall of the MCO reading-room located just behind the
256
I STRADANJA I PAMĆENJA
-
Holokaust
и
Оѕџки
і
îiwt feoji se
nastavlja
Upper Town Temple (synagogue) in
Županijska
Street. The last happening was organised
at the beginning of April
1941
by the Association of Zionist women in the big hall of the
Grand hotel winter garden.
On April
11, 1941,
a day after the Independent Croatian State (NDH) had been
proclaimed German army forces entered
Osijek.
All citizens were decreed to welcome
the German army . The local Germans obeyed and greeted the first motorised German
army forces most enthusiastically. Since anti-Semitism had been built into ideological
foundations of the Ustasha movement long before the NDH was established it began
to spread immediately throughout the newly established state. In this way the Ustasha
political programme, set up between the two World Wars, was being accomplished. Due
to such turn of events the activities of both Jewish religious communities were brought
to an end and almost nothing remained of their multifarious communal, educational
and social pre-war activities. Although they were resumed in the middle of May
1941,
the newly established circumstances could only provide for mere survival because anti-
Semitism in
Osijek
also followed a common and widely spread pattern: any event in which
a Jew would participate in any way was generalised and ascribed to all Jews. At the same
time they were labelled as capitalists, plutocrats, communists, Freemasons, etc. Due to
anti-Jewish regulatory rules that were passed the first weeks following the proclamation of
NDH secured strong foundations for the anti-Semitic politics. Jews soon became second-
class citizens and a national and religious group that was beyond the law and through such
politics their suffering in
Osijek
was endorsed. That period was marked by daily persecution,
arrests, open discrimination of and attacks on Jews; they were forced to execute hard
and humiliating work and were constantly abused and harassed. Graves on the Jewish
cemetery were routinely desecrated, their shops demolished and homes plundered and
various compulsory taxes were imposed. Jews were placed under a curfew and many anti-
Semitic rallies were organised. Lists of Jews were made in
Osijek
factories, stores, crafts
workshops, schools, health and other institutions and they were soon made redundant and
left without any rights to an old-age pension or redundancy payment. At the same time,
before they were deported to concentration camps all their movable and real property
had been plundered under new acts and regulations. Jewish villas, houses and apartments,
furnished luxuriously, became occupied by high-positioned politicians, authority members
and army officials, while their former owners were forced to desert their homes with only
a few necessary items, such as a few pieces of clothing, and settle on the town periphery.
STRADANJA I PAMĆENJA
■
Holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja I
257
They lived in constant fear and anticipation of arrest and deportation to a concentration
camp. All this should have served as a clear warning that the establishment and politics of
NDH were aimed at negation, or rather, eradication of everything that was of any value and
that the Jews had accomplished together with other
Osijek
citizens in the previous century
in economic, health, cultural, social, sports, etc. life of the town.
Intended for annihilation of Jews, anti-Jewish acts, regulations and other measures, the
application of which had a dramatic effect on their position in the months that followed,
were executed with such a fast pace that their victims could not understand what was
happening to them. It became evident that they should flee the town and some of the
most determined took refuge in the neighbouring Hungary, others in the Croatian Littoral
and
Dalmaţia
(i.e. the Italian part of the NDH). There were also those who wanted to
flee but did not have enough money, connections or relatives they could count on. And
there were those who put off their flight because they tried to take care of their elderly
parents, the sick and their children first. Otherwise, it would have been difficult to leave
inconspicuously. It is why most of them stayed in
Osijek,
submitting to rules and orders
until April
1942,
as ghettoisation, i.e. moving to a so-called Jewish settlement, took place.
It was built on the location between
Osijek
and the village of Tenja, where around
3.000
Osijek
Jews and Jews from the surrounding places settled by August
1942.
Due to a large
number of prisoners in the settlement, the situation in what became a transit camp was
terrible. There wasn t enough room or food for all. Consequently, on
1
5th and 22nd August
1942
all Jews were deported from the ghetto in Tenja, i.e. transit camp, to concentration
camps
(200
to
Jasenovac
and around
2.800
to Auschwitz). The transit camp in Tenja seized
to exist. In fact, it used to be the only camp in NDH in which only Jews of both sexes and of
all age were imprisoned. It was an example on which the Ustasha racial and ethnic politics
could easily be compared to that of the Nazis. As much as
90%
of members of the Jewish
religious community disappeared.
Around
300
Jews remained in
Osijek
after deportation and they were mainly converted
Christians, i.e. married to the persons of the Aryan race . Although the interest of the
Ustasha authorities in finding, capturing and deporting the remaining Jews had decreased,
their lives were made very difficult as a result of various measures imposed on them.
Their homes, stores and other property was taken away from them, they were exposed to
harassment and accusations, but exempt from deportation.
After the World War II had ended in Europe (beginning of May
1945)
and NDH had
258
I STRADANJA I PAMĆENJA
-
Holokaust u Osijeku i
ìivot
koji
se
nastavlja
fallen,
chose
Osijek
Jews who had survived the Holocaust (those who fled the town and
deportation and welcomed the end of the war on safe territories of
Dalmaţia,
Croatian
Littoral, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Albania and other countries as well as those who took
part in the National Liberation War
anda
few of those who survived imprisonment) decided
to return to
Osijek,
attempting to continue where they left off or start over together with
the Jews who survived the war in the town and with other citizens. They also tried to
find their relatives and friends, get a job or continue education, etc. Most of them were
completely impoverished, deprived of their property and with no financial means, unable
to obtain bare necessities and disappointed in how they were treated by the post-war
authorities. As a result, in the period from
1948
to
1951,280
of them moved to the newly
estabi ¡shed
state of Israel.
In
1945
the Jewish community in
Osijek
resumed its activities, attending to the religious
needs of its members, maintaining the synagogue and Jewish cemeteries, fostering the
Jewish tradition and organising religious teaching and, as far as it was possible, taking care
of the old and vulnerable, especially the victims of fascism and children of the fallen soldiers
of the National Liberation War, the neglected youth, and promoting, assisting and fostering
educational activities of the Jews, their art and culture.
The period
1990 - 2005
was marked by many events of importance for the Jewish
community. The Croatian war of independence admittedly caused a new ordeal and
loss of material goods for the Jewish community and its members; however, it came
out of it stronger in the moral sense. Political changes that occurred as a result of the
newly established Republic of Croatia and the end of the atheist ideology of the former
regime motivated some Jews in
Osijek
who had previously shown no interest in the Jewish
community to become its members. The community has become an important factor in
a multi-ethnic and multi-religious environment that
Osijek
has always been proud of. The
financial state of the community improved. Although still depending on modest finances,
the Jewish community became an institution capable of supporting itself and its activities
and providing social aid to its most vulnerable members. A new generation of children
in the community established itself as a strong entity, which, through dance and Sunday
school, receives fundamental knowledge of the Jewish heritage, strengthening thus the
community itself and continuing the tradition of Judaism and Jewishness.
STRADANJA I PAMĆENJA
■
Holokaust u Osijeku i ilvot koji
se
nastavlja I
259
|
| adam_txt |
sadrža;
RIJEČI UREDNIKA
.
б
Prof. dr.
se. Zlata Živaković-Kerže
RIJEČI AUTORICE
.8
HOLOKAUST U OSIJEKU
(1941. - 1945.).10
ŽIDOVI U OSIJEKU PRED DRUGI SVJETSKI RAT
.12
Antisemitizam
1
940./1
941.
godine
.12
U RATNOM VIHORU
.16
Uspostava Nezavisne Države Hrvatske
.1 6
Djelovanje Nezavisne Države Hrvatske
.19
Stanje u gradu
.21
Protužidovska politika
.21
Spaljivanje gornjogradske sinagoge
.30
Protužidovski zakoni i odredbe
.32
Temelji tragičnih zbivanja
.32
Onemogućavanje normalnog života
.36
Uhićenja, prisilni rad i oduzimanje imovine
.36
Sveopće zabrane
.40
Obveza nošenja židovskog znaka
.43
Između
nadei
spasa
.46
Različiti oblici pljačkanja
.55
I
/
i
. .,., .
w W
Kontribucija
.55
Pljačke nepokretne i pokretne imovine
.:.57
Preseljenje iz stanova i kuća -još jedan oblik pljačke
.73
Nesigurnost života
.78
Otpuštanja iz državne službe
.80
Nada spasa za liječnike Židove
.80
Protužidovske i protukomunističke manifestacije
.83
Spašavanje
-
odlasci iz Osijeka
.91
Nada u spas prelaskom u Mađarsku
.95
Židovska bogostovna općina
.96
348
I STRADANJA I PAMĆENJA- Holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja
Ä
Djelovanje u teški
m
okolnosti ma
.96
DEPORTIRANJA I LIKVIDACIJE
.106
Logorski sustav
.106
Između života i smrti
-
„sabirni i radni logori"
.108
Jasenovačka skupina logora
-
Koncentracijski logor Jasenovac
.111
Nesnosni uvjeti rada i neljudsko življenje
.114
Sabimi logor u Đakovu
.118
Od židovskog naselja u Tenji do sabirnog logora
.127
Izgradnja naselja
.-.128
Život u izolaciji
.130
Pretvaranje naselja u sabirni logor
.135
Dopremanje preostalih Židova u gradska sabirna mjesta
.137
Putovanje u smrt
.138
Deportirani i usmrćeni osječki Židovi
.143
Židovi koji su ostali u gradu nakon deportacije
.174
NAKON DRUGOG SVJETSKOG RATA
.180
Židovi u Osijeku u poslijeratnim godinama
.180
Nastavak tragične sudbine
.182
Odlazak u Izrael
.185
Židovska općina u Osijeku
.186
Obnova rada i djelovanje
.186
Rad općinskih sekcija i ostale aktivnosti
.191
Prof. dr.
se. Darko
Fischer303
U SUVERENOJ REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ
.214
Djelovanje u vrijeme Domovinskog rata
.214
Poratno razdoblje
.221
Novo rukovodstvo uprave
.242
Aktivnosti nove uprave
.243
Osvrt na posljednje razdoblje
.246
303Dio teme „Život koji se nastavlja" ove knjige predočio je i u pojedinostima djelovanje Židovske općine Osijek u najnovije vrijeme
obradio
prof. dr.
se. Darko
Fischer,
koji je u obrađenom razdoblju bio predsjednik općine. U knjizi je taj prilog objavljen na stranicama
od
214
do247.
Щф
STRADANJA
/
PAMĆENJA
-
Holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja I
349
SAŽETAK
.250
SUMMARY
.256
BIOGRAFSKI PODACI SPOMENUTIH OSOBA U KNJIZI
.262
IZ RECENZIJA
.306
KAZALO IMENA
.310
KAZALO ZEMLJOPISNIH POJMOVA
.330
KRATICE
.334
LITERATURA
.338
VRELA
.342
SADRŽAJ
.348
350
STRADANJA I PAMĆENJA
-
Holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja
SUMMARY
SUFFERING AND REMEMBERING
Holocaust in
Osijek
and Continuing
Ufe
It was the constant exposure to the news of the arrival of refugees from Hitler-ruled
Germany in the middle of the
1930s
to the territory of the then Yugoslavia, that Jews
recognized the first signs of anti-Semitism. Not even as late as
1939
could they infer from
the news the atrocities that they were about to encounter. However, the inevitable war that
was approaching was accompanied by the growing anti-Semitic pressure that was first felt
by the Osijekjews in autumn
1940.
Nazi swastikas, the symbols of the local German cultural
community
(Kulturbund)
and writings
"ŽAP" (Živio
Ante
Pavelić,
Long Live Ante
Pavelić)
began to appear on the fronts of the buildings in the Upper Town. Such propaganda was
mainly supported by the members of the Society of Friends of Germany and
Kulturbund,
all of who were of German nationality. There were
14,000
Germans in the town at the
beginning of
1940
and during the first months of the rule of NDH (Croatian Independent
State) it increased to
18,000.
Not even the slogan, which said that one should go where one
belongs to
{svoj svome)
and which promoted the so-called economic nationalism (almost
all commerce, crafts and industry was owned by the Jews in
Osijek)
could force them to
leave the town. They simply could not comprehend that they were actually being fiercely
accused of all the trouble. As a result, many of them, both in
Osijek
and elsewhere in
Croatia, Yugoslavia and all around Europe, were not aware that this was going to lead to
the most horrific catastrophe they could ever imagine: the Holocaust.
Despite anti-Semitism and adverse circumstances, the life within the
Osijek
Jewish
community appeared to be usual in the first three months of
1941.
Jewish religious
communities in the Upper and Lower Town continued to be gathering sites for
Osijek
Jews. All the activities there were carried without any disturbances; tithe was collected as
well as donations for KKL, KH and Shekel, humanitarian and other activities were organised.
Although the social life in the Jewish national society (MCO), Jewish women's societies,
Jewish holiday association colony, Association of Zionist women
(WIZO),
Hevra Kaddisha
and the culture division of the Jewish sports and gymnastics society "Macabbi" decreased
considerably, some activities still attracted attention. The societies used to organize
occasional lectures in the big hall of the MCO reading-room located just behind the
256
I STRADANJA I PAMĆENJA
-
Holokaust
и
Оѕџки
і
îiwt feoji se
nastavlja
"Upper Town Temple" (synagogue) in
Županijska
Street. The last happening was organised
at the beginning of April
1941
by the Association of Zionist women in the big hall of the
Grand hotel winter garden.
On April
11, 1941,
a day after the Independent Croatian State (NDH) had been
proclaimed German army forces entered
Osijek.
All citizens were decreed to "welcome
the German army". The local Germans obeyed and greeted the first motorised German
army forces most enthusiastically. Since anti-Semitism had been built into ideological
foundations of the Ustasha movement long before the NDH was established it began
to spread immediately throughout the newly established state. In this way the Ustasha
political programme, set up between the two World Wars, was being accomplished. Due
to such turn of events the activities of both Jewish religious communities were brought
to an end and almost nothing remained of their multifarious communal, educational
and social pre-war activities. Although they were resumed in the middle of May
1941,
the newly established circumstances could only provide for mere survival because anti-
Semitism in
Osijek
also followed a common and widely spread pattern: any event in which
a Jew would participate in any way was generalised and ascribed to all Jews. At the same
time they were labelled as capitalists, plutocrats, communists, Freemasons, etc. Due to
anti-Jewish regulatory rules that were passed the first weeks following the proclamation of
NDH secured strong foundations for the anti-Semitic politics. Jews soon became second-
class citizens and a national and religious group that was beyond the law and through such
politics their suffering in
Osijek
was endorsed. That period was marked by daily persecution,
arrests, open discrimination of and attacks on Jews; they were forced to execute hard
and humiliating work and were constantly abused and harassed. Graves on the Jewish
cemetery were routinely desecrated, their shops demolished and homes plundered and
various compulsory taxes were imposed. Jews were placed under a curfew and many anti-
Semitic rallies were organised. Lists of Jews were made in
Osijek
factories, stores, crafts
workshops, schools, health and other institutions and they were soon made redundant and
left without any rights to an old-age pension or redundancy payment. At the same time,
before they were deported to concentration camps all their movable and real property
had been plundered under new acts and regulations. Jewish villas, houses and apartments,
furnished luxuriously, became occupied by high-positioned politicians, authority members
and army officials, while their former owners were forced to desert their homes with only
a few necessary items, such as a few pieces of clothing, and settle on the town periphery.
STRADANJA I PAMĆENJA
■
Holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja I
257
They lived in constant fear and anticipation of arrest and deportation to a concentration
camp. All this should have served as a clear warning that the establishment and politics of
NDH were aimed at negation, or rather, eradication of everything that was of any value and
that the Jews had accomplished together with other
Osijek
citizens in the previous century
in economic, health, cultural, social, sports, etc. life of the town.
Intended for annihilation of Jews, anti-Jewish acts, regulations and other measures, the
application of which had a dramatic effect on their position in the months that followed,
were executed with such a fast pace that their victims could not understand what was
happening to them. It became evident that they should flee the town and some of the
most determined took refuge in the neighbouring Hungary, others in the Croatian Littoral
and
Dalmaţia
(i.e. the Italian part of the NDH). There were also those who wanted to
flee but did not have enough money, connections or relatives they could count on. And
there were those who put off their flight because they tried to take care of their elderly
parents, the sick and their children first. Otherwise, it would have been difficult to leave
inconspicuously. It is why most of them stayed in
Osijek,
submitting to rules and orders
until April
1942,
as ghettoisation, i.e. moving to a so-called Jewish settlement, took place.
It was built on the location between
Osijek
and the village of Tenja, where around
3.000
Osijek
Jews and Jews from the surrounding places settled by August
1942.
Due to a large
number of prisoners in the settlement, the situation in what became a transit camp was
terrible. There wasn't enough room or food for all. Consequently, on
1
5th and 22nd August
1942
all Jews were deported from the ghetto in Tenja, i.e. transit camp, to concentration
camps
(200
to
Jasenovac
and around
2.800
to Auschwitz). The transit camp in Tenja seized
to exist. In fact, it used to be the only camp in NDH in which only Jews of both sexes and of
all age were imprisoned. It was an example on which the Ustasha racial and ethnic politics
could easily be compared to that of the Nazis. As much as
90%
of members of the Jewish
religious community disappeared.
Around
300
Jews remained in
Osijek
after deportation and they were mainly converted
Christians, i.e. married to the persons of the "Aryan race". Although the interest of the
Ustasha authorities in finding, capturing and deporting the remaining Jews had decreased,
their lives were made very difficult as a result of various measures imposed on them.
Their homes, stores and other property was taken away from them, they were exposed to
harassment and accusations, but exempt from deportation.
After the World War II had ended in Europe (beginning of May
1945)
and NDH had
258
I STRADANJA I PAMĆENJA
-
Holokaust u Osijeku i
ìivot
koji
se
nastavlja
fallen,
chose
Osijek
Jews who had survived the Holocaust (those who fled the town and
deportation and welcomed the end of the war on safe territories of
Dalmaţia,
Croatian
Littoral, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Albania and other countries as well as those who took
part in the National Liberation War
anda
few of those who survived imprisonment) decided
to return to
Osijek,
attempting to continue where they left off or start over together with
the Jews who survived the war in the town and with other citizens. They also tried to
find their relatives and friends, get a job or continue education, etc. Most of them were
completely impoverished, deprived of their property and with no financial means, unable
to obtain bare necessities and disappointed in how they were treated by the post-war
authorities. As a result, in the period from
1948
to
1951,280
of them moved to the newly
estabi ¡shed
state of Israel.
In
1945
the Jewish community in
Osijek
resumed its activities, attending to the religious
needs of its members, maintaining the synagogue and Jewish cemeteries, fostering the
Jewish tradition and organising religious teaching and, as far as it was possible, taking care
of the old and vulnerable, especially the victims of fascism and children of the fallen soldiers
of the National Liberation War, the neglected youth, and promoting, assisting and fostering
educational activities of the Jews, their art and culture.
The period
1990 - 2005
was marked by many events of importance for the Jewish
community. The Croatian war of independence admittedly caused a new ordeal and
loss of material goods for the Jewish community and its members; however, it came
out of it stronger in the moral sense. Political changes that occurred as a result of the
newly established Republic of Croatia and the end of the atheist ideology of the former
regime motivated some Jews in
Osijek
who had previously shown no interest in the Jewish
community to become its members. The community has become an important factor in
a multi-ethnic and multi-religious environment that
Osijek
has always been proud of. The
financial state of the community improved. Although still depending on modest finances,
the Jewish community became an institution capable of supporting itself and its activities
and providing social aid to its most vulnerable members. A new generation of children
in the community established itself as a strong entity, which, through dance and Sunday
school, receives fundamental knowledge of the Jewish heritage, strengthening thus the
community itself and continuing the tradition of Judaism and Jewishness.
STRADANJA I PAMĆENJA
■
Holokaust u Osijeku i ilvot koji
se
nastavlja I
259 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Živaković-Kerže, Zlata 1953- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1187294829 |
| author_facet | Živaković-Kerže, Zlata 1953- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Živaković-Kerže, Zlata 1953- |
| author_variant | z ž k zžk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022447478 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DS135 |
| callnumber-raw | DS135.C75 |
| callnumber-search | DS135.C75 |
| callnumber-sort | DS 3135 C75 |
| callnumber-subject | DS - Asia |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)84905230 (DE-599)BVBBV022447478 |
| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1900-2000 gnd Geschichte 1941-2005 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1941-2005 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>03247nam a2200745 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV022447478</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20190528 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">070531s2006 a||| |||| 00||| hrv d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9536659247</subfield><subfield code="9">953-6659-24-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)84905230</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV022447478</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">hrv</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">DS135.C75</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Živaković-Kerže, Zlata</subfield><subfield code="d">1953-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1187294829</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Stradanja i pamćenja</subfield><subfield code="b">holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja</subfield><subfield code="c">Zlata Živaković Kerže</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Osijek</subfield><subfield code="b">Hrvatski Inst. za Povijest, Podružnica za Povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="c">2006</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">350 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Prilozi za proučavanje povijesti Židova u Osijeku</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Suffering and remembering</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1900-2000</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1900-2000</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1941-2005</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Juden</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)</subfield><subfield code="v">Registers of dead</subfield><subfield code="z">Croatia</subfield><subfield code="z">Osijek</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)</subfield><subfield code="z">Croatia</subfield><subfield code="z">Osijek</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Jews</subfield><subfield code="z">Croatia</subfield><subfield code="z">Osijek</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield><subfield code="y">20th century</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Juden</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4028808-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Judenvernichtung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4073091-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Berühmte Persönlichkeit</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4191412-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Jüdische Gemeinde</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4162805-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Religiöses Leben</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4115741-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Osijek (Croatia)</subfield><subfield code="x">Ethnic relations</subfield><subfield code="y">20th century</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Osijek (Croatia)</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield><subfield code="y">20th century</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Osijek</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4115300-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4006804-3</subfield><subfield code="a">Biografie</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Osijek</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4115300-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Judenvernichtung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4073091-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Religiöses Leben</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4115741-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Jüdische Gemeinde</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4162805-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1941-2005</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Osijek</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4115300-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Juden</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4028808-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Berühmte Persönlichkeit</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4191412-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1900-2000</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015655422&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015655422&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">DHB</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">DHB_JDG_ISBN_1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015655422</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909.04924</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">4972</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909.04924</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">090511</subfield><subfield code="g">4972</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">307.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">4972</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">929</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">4972</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| genre | (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Biografie |
| geographic | Osijek (Croatia) Ethnic relations 20th century Osijek (Croatia) History 20th century Osijek (DE-588)4115300-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Osijek (Croatia) Ethnic relations 20th century Osijek (Croatia) History 20th century Osijek |
| id | DE-604.BV022447478 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:35:05Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:57:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9536659247 |
| language | Croatian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015655422 |
| oclc_num | 84905230 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 350 S. Ill. |
| psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Hrvatski Inst. za Povijest, Podružnica za Povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Prilozi za proučavanje povijesti Židova u Osijeku |
| spelling | Živaković-Kerže, Zlata 1953- Verfasser (DE-588)1187294829 aut Stradanja i pamćenja holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja Zlata Živaković Kerže Osijek Hrvatski Inst. za Povijest, Podružnica za Povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje [u.a.] 2006 350 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Prilozi za proučavanje povijesti Židova u Osijeku Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Suffering and remembering Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1900-2000 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1941-2005 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Juden Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Registers of dead Croatia Osijek Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Croatia Osijek Jews Croatia Osijek History 20th century Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd rswk-swf Berühmte Persönlichkeit (DE-588)4191412-0 gnd rswk-swf Jüdische Gemeinde (DE-588)4162805-6 gnd rswk-swf Religiöses Leben (DE-588)4115741-2 gnd rswk-swf Osijek (Croatia) Ethnic relations 20th century Osijek (Croatia) History 20th century Osijek (DE-588)4115300-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Osijek (DE-588)4115300-5 g Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 s Religiöses Leben (DE-588)4115741-2 s Jüdische Gemeinde (DE-588)4162805-6 s Geschichte 1941-2005 z DE-604 Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Berühmte Persönlichkeit (DE-588)4191412-0 s Geschichte 1900-2000 z Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015655422&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015655422&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Živaković-Kerže, Zlata 1953- Stradanja i pamćenja holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja Geschichte Juden Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Registers of dead Croatia Osijek Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Croatia Osijek Jews Croatia Osijek History 20th century Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd Berühmte Persönlichkeit (DE-588)4191412-0 gnd Jüdische Gemeinde (DE-588)4162805-6 gnd Religiöses Leben (DE-588)4115741-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4073091-8 (DE-588)4191412-0 (DE-588)4162805-6 (DE-588)4115741-2 (DE-588)4115300-5 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Stradanja i pamćenja holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja |
| title_auth | Stradanja i pamćenja holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja |
| title_exact_search | Stradanja i pamćenja holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Stradanja i pamćenja holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja |
| title_full | Stradanja i pamćenja holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja Zlata Živaković Kerže |
| title_fullStr | Stradanja i pamćenja holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja Zlata Živaković Kerže |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stradanja i pamćenja holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja Zlata Živaković Kerže |
| title_short | Stradanja i pamćenja |
| title_sort | stradanja i pamcenja holokaust u osijeku i zivot koji se nastavlja |
| title_sub | holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja |
| topic | Geschichte Juden Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Registers of dead Croatia Osijek Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Croatia Osijek Jews Croatia Osijek History 20th century Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd Berühmte Persönlichkeit (DE-588)4191412-0 gnd Jüdische Gemeinde (DE-588)4162805-6 gnd Religiöses Leben (DE-588)4115741-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Juden Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Registers of dead Croatia Osijek Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Croatia Osijek Jews Croatia Osijek History 20th century Judenvernichtung Berühmte Persönlichkeit Jüdische Gemeinde Religiöses Leben Osijek (Croatia) Ethnic relations 20th century Osijek (Croatia) History 20th century Osijek Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015655422&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015655422&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zivakovickerzezlata stradanjaipamcenjaholokaustuosijekuizivotkojisenastavlja |