Ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensors: technology and performance
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York
Springer
2004
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| Schriftenreihe: | Springer series on chemical sensors and biosensors
2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 358 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 354021285X |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensors |b technology and performance |c Vladimir M. Mirsky [vol. ed.] |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York |b Springer |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a XX, 358 S. |b graph. Darst. |c 24 cm | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Springer series on chemical sensors and biosensors |v 2 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Parti: Receptors
Chapter 1
Antibodies for Biosensors 3
K. Kramer, B. Hock
1 Introduction 4
2 Structure and Function of Antibodies 4
3 Production of Antibodies 6
3.1 Antibodies Obtained from Sera and Hybridoma Cell Cultures. ... 6
3.2 Recombinant Antibodies 6
3.3 Antibody Library Derived from a Set of B Cells 7
4 Diversification by Chain Shuffling 11
5 Antibody Optimization as a Special Case of Genetic Algorithms . . 14
6 Biosensors as a Tool in Evolutionary Antibody Synthesis 15
6.1 Antibodies as Receptors in Biosensor Designs 15
6.2 Limitations of Antibody Based Biosensor Designs 17
7 Conclusions and Outlook 20
References 21
Chapter 2
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Recognition Elements in Sensors 23
Karsten Haupt
1 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers 24
1.1 General Principle of Molecular Imprinting 24
1.2 The Imprinting Matrix 26
1.2.1 Acrylic and Vinyl Polymers 26
1.2.2 Other Organic Polymers 27
1.2.3 Other Imprinting Matrices 28
1.3 Target Molecules 28
1.4 Physical Forms and Preparation Methods of MIPs 29
X Contents 1.4.1 Imprinted Particles: Making MIPs Smaller 29
1.4.2 Imprinting at Surfaces 30
1.4.3 Thin Imprinted Polymer Films 31
2 Applications of Imprinted Polymers in Sensors 31
2.1 General Considerations 31
2.2 General Transducer Types 32
2.3 The Analyte Generates the Signal 34
2.4 The Polymer Generates the Signal 35
3 Outlook 37
References 37
Part II: Impedometric and amperometric chemical
and biological sensors
Chapter 3
Capacitance Affinity Biosensors 43
Helen Berney
1 Introduction 44
2 Capacitance Based Transduction 45
2.1 The Electrode/Electrolyte Interface 47
2.1.1 Metal Electrodes 47
2.1.2 Semiconductor Electrodes 49
2.2 Modelling the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface 50
3 Capacitance Sensors 53
3.1 Capacitance Sensing with Interdigitated Electrodes 53
3.2 Capacitance Sensing at the Metal/Solution Interface 55
3.3 Capacitance Sensing at the Semiconductor/Solution Interface.... 60
4 Conclusions 64
References 64
Chapter 4
Immunosensors and DNA Sensors Based on Impedance Spectroscopy 67
Eugenii Katz, Itamar Willner
1 Introduction 69
2 Impedance Spectroscopy: Theoretical Background 70
3 Immunosensors Based on Impedance Spectroscopy 74
3.1 Immunosensors Based on In Plane Impedance Measurements
between Conductive Electrodes 74
Contents XI
3.2 Immunosensors Based on Interfacial Impedance Measurements
at Conductive Electrodes 79
4 DNA Sensors Based on Impedance Spectroscopy 96
4.1 Impedimetric Sensing of DNA Hybridization 99
4.2 Impedimetric Sensing of Single Base Mismatches
in DNA Sequences 104
4.3 Impedimetric Sensing of DNA and RNA Replication 108
5 Conclusions and Perspectives 112
References 113
Chapter 5
Voltohmmetry a New Transducer Principle for Electrochemical Sensors. ... 117
Michael J. Schoning
1 Introduction 118
2 Theory and Experiment 120
2.1 Theory of Surface Resistance Change 120
2.2 Fabrication of Thin Film Electrodes 121
2.3 Instrumentation and Chemicals 123
2.4 Measurement Procedure 124
3 Characterisation and Applications of Voltohmmetric Sensors ... 126
3.1 Physical Characterisation of Thin Film Electrodes 126
3.2 Analytical Approach 128
3.2.1 Resistance/Voltage Curve and Evaluation Procedure 128
3.2.2 Sensitivity and Selectivity 131
3.2.3 Reproducibility 134
3.2.4 Heavy Metal Determination in Complex Analytes 135
4 Conclusion and Perspectives 137
References 139
Chapter 6
Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Superoxide and Nitric Oxide
Two Biologically Important Radicals 141
F. LlSDAT
1 Introduction 141
2 Superoxide and Nitric Oxide: Short Lived Reactive Species 142
3 Sensors for Superoxide 145
3.1 Sensors Based on Enzymatic Product Detection 146
3.2 Sensors Based on Direct Protein Electrode Contacts 147
3.3 Sensors for Antioxidants 148
XII Contents 4 Nitric Oxide Sensors 149
5 Conclusion 152
References 152
Part III: Non invasive electrical monitoring of living cells
Chapter 7
Living Cells on Chip: Bioanalytical Applications 159
Martin Brischwein, Helmut Grothe, Angela M. Otto,
Christoph Stepper, Thomas Weyh, Bernhard Wolf
1 Introduction 160
2 Chip Design and Fabrication 163
3 Cell Culture on Chips and Accessory Devices
for Biohybrid Systems 167
4 Transducers for Cellular Output Signals 169
4.1 pH Sensors 170
4.2 Oxygen Sensors 170
4.3 Sensors Directed to Biomembranes and Morphological Patterns .. 172
4.4 Sensors for Electrophysiological Activity 175
5 Conclusions, Applications and Future Prospects 175
References 179
Chapter 8
Bioanalytical Application of Impedance Analysis: Transducing
in Polymer Based Biosensors and Probes for Living Tissues 181
G. Farace, P. Vadgama
1 Introduction 181
2 Impedance for Transduction in Biosensors 184
3 Impedance as a Basis for Probing Bacteria and Cells 190
4 Future Directions 195
References 196
Chapter 9
Noninvasive Electrical Sensor Devices to Monitor Living Cells Online 199
Andreas Janshoff, Claudia Steinem, Joachim Wegener
1 Introduction 200
2 Electrochemical Impedance Measurements
to Monitor Living Cells 201
2.1 Experimental Background of ECIS 202
2.2 Biomedical Applications 204
Contents XIII
2.2.1 Attachment and Spreading of Mammalian Cells
to Adhesive Proteins 204
2.2.2 p Adrenergic Stimulation of Cells Forming the Blood Vessels .... 209
3 Piezoelectric Approaches to Monitor Living Cells 213
3.1 Physical Background of the QCM Technique 214
3.1.1 Thickness Shear Mode Resonators 214
3.1.2 Electromechanical Coupling in TSM Resonators 216
3.1.3 Devices, Setups, and Measuring Principles 220
3.1.3.1 Active Mode 220
3.1.3.2 Passive Mode 221
3.2 Cell Adhesion Monitoring 223
3.2.1 Cell Adhesion Monitored in the Active Mode 223
3.2.2 Cell Adhesion Monitored in the Passive Mode 227
3.3 Manipulating the Actin Cytoskeleton 230
3.4 Double Mode Impedance Analysis of Cell Substrate
and Cell Cell Contacts 230
References 234
Part IV: Lipid membranes as biosensors
Chapter 10
Functional Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes 239
Wolfgang Knoll, Kenichi Morigaki, Renate Naumann,
Barbara Sacca, Stefan Schiller, Eva Kathrin Sinner
1 Introduction 240
2 Designing Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes 241
2.1 A novel Archaea Analog Lipid as Self Assembling Telechelic 241
2.2 Sequential Deposition of Structural Elements 243
3 Patterning of Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes 244
3.1 Micropatterning by Photopolymerization 244
3.2 Back Filling the Empty Corrals by Vesicle Fusion 247
4 Electrical Properties of Tethered Membranes 247
4.1 Impedance Spectroscopy 247
4.2 FunctionalizationbyValinomycin 248
5 Binding Studies with Tethered Membranes 248
References 252
XIV Contents Chapter 11
Electrostatic Potentials of Bilayer Lipid Membranes: Basic Principles
and Analytical Applications 255
Valeri Sokolov, Vladimir Mirsky
1 Introduction 256
1.1 Structure of Lipids and Lipid Bilayers 258
1.2 Electrostatic Boundary Potentials 259
1.3 Distribution of the Electric Field Across the Membrane 260
2 Methods of Measurement of Boundary Potentials 261
2.1 Mobility of Vesicles in the Electric Field 261
2.2 Nonstationary Membrane Potentials on Planar Lipid Membranes. . 262
2.3 Short Circuit Currents During Modification
of Electrical Double Layers 262
2.4 Determination of Boundary Potential Changes from
Measurements of Membrane Conductance 264
2.5 Methods of Compensation of Intramembrane Field 267
3 Effects of Different Compounds on Electrostatic
Potentials of Lipid Bilayers 270
3.1 Effects of Inorganic Ions 270
3.2 Effects of Amphiphilic Ions 272
3.2.1 Theoretical Models for Adsorption of Amphiphilic Ions 272
3.2.2 Potential Distribution 274
3.2.3 Transfer Through the Membrane 277
3.3 Effects of Neutral Molecules 279
3.3.1 Dipole Potentials 279
3.3.2 Potential Distribution and the Depth of Adsorption 281
4 Change of Boundary Potential due to Lipid Hydrolysis 282
5 Analytical Applications 284
6 Conclusion 286
References 287
Chapter 12
Electrostriction of Supported Lipid Membranes
and Their Application in Biosensing 293
TlBOR HlANIK
1 Introduction 295
2 Methods of Preparation of Supported Lipid Membranes
and Their Modification by Functional Macromolecules 296
2.1 Supported Lipid Membranes 297
Contents XV
2.2 Immobilization of Functional Macromolecules
on the Surface of BLM and sBLM 298
3 Basic Principles of the Electrostriction
and Dielectric Relaxation 299
3.1 Electrostriction Method 299
3.2 Dielectric Relaxation 300
3.2.1 Dielectric Constant 300
3.2.2 Membrane Thickness 301
3.2.3 Membrane Area 301
3.2.4 Basic Principles of the Measurement of Dielectric Relaxation . . . . 301
4 Electrical and Mechanical Properties of sBLM 303
4.1 Specific Conductivity, Capacitance, and Stability 303
4.2 Mechanical Properties of BLM and sBLM 307
4.3 Changes of Electrostriction of sBLM Following Interaction
with Surfactants, Surfactant DNA Complexes, and DNA 311
4.3.1 Interaction of HDA with sBLM 312
4.3.2 Interaction of HDA DNA Complexes with sBLM 313
4.3.3 Interaction of the DNA Complexes with sBLM:
Influence of Mg2+ 316
4.4 sBLM Modified by Short Oligonudeotides
as a Possible Genosensor 318
4.5 Changes of Physical Properties of sBLM During Binding
of Enzymes and Immunoglobulins 323
4.6 Dielectric Relaxation of Lipid Bilayers upon Binding Processes . . . 326
References 328
Chapter 13
Transport Proteins on Solid Supported Membranes: From Basic Research
to Drug Discovery 331
Klaus Fendler, Martin Klingenberg, Gerard Leblanc, Jan Joep
H. H. M. DePont, Bela Kelety, Wolfgang Dorner, Ernst Bamberg
1 Introduction 332
2 Rapid Solution Exchange Technique for the Investigation
of Electrogenic Ion Pumps 333
2.1 Sensor Preparation 333
2.2 Measuring Procedure 335
3 ATPases 337
3.1 Na+/K+ ATPase 337
4 Carriers 339
4.1 ATP/ADP Exchanger 339
XVI Contents 4.2 Melibiose Permease 341
5 Application: The SSM as a Tool for Drug Discovery 343
5.1 Electrogenic Proteins: Pharmaceutical Relevance and Screening . . 343
5.2 Assays for the Screening of Electrogenic Membrane Proteins .... 344
5.2.1 Conventional Assay Technologies 344
5.2.2 Cell Based Electrophysiological Methods 345
5.2.3 Sensor Based Methods 345
5.3 An Integrated System for Drug Discovery 346
5.3.1 The Gastric Proton Pump Revisited 347
5.4 Outlook 348
References 348
Subject Index 351
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Parti: Receptors
Chapter 1
Antibodies for Biosensors 3
K. Kramer, B. Hock
1 Introduction 4
2 Structure and Function of Antibodies 4
3 Production of Antibodies 6
3.1 Antibodies Obtained from Sera and Hybridoma Cell Cultures. . 6
3.2 Recombinant Antibodies 6
3.3 Antibody Library Derived from a Set of B Cells 7
4 Diversification by Chain Shuffling 11
5 Antibody Optimization as a Special Case of Genetic Algorithms . . 14
6 Biosensors as a Tool in Evolutionary Antibody Synthesis 15
6.1 Antibodies as Receptors in Biosensor Designs 15
6.2 Limitations of Antibody Based Biosensor Designs 17
7 Conclusions and Outlook 20
References 21
Chapter 2
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Recognition Elements in Sensors 23
Karsten Haupt
1 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers 24
1.1 General Principle of Molecular Imprinting 24
1.2 The Imprinting Matrix 26
1.2.1 Acrylic and Vinyl Polymers 26
1.2.2 Other Organic Polymers 27
1.2.3 Other Imprinting Matrices 28
1.3 Target Molecules 28
1.4 Physical Forms and Preparation Methods of MIPs 29
X Contents 1.4.1 Imprinted Particles: Making MIPs Smaller 29
1.4.2 Imprinting at Surfaces 30
1.4.3 Thin Imprinted Polymer Films 31
2 Applications of Imprinted Polymers in Sensors 31
2.1 General Considerations 31
2.2 General Transducer Types 32
2.3 The Analyte Generates the Signal 34
2.4 The Polymer Generates the Signal 35
3 Outlook 37
References 37
Part II: Impedometric and amperometric chemical
and biological sensors
Chapter 3
Capacitance Affinity Biosensors 43
Helen Berney
1 Introduction 44
2 Capacitance Based Transduction 45
2.1 The Electrode/Electrolyte Interface 47
2.1.1 Metal Electrodes 47
2.1.2 Semiconductor Electrodes 49
2.2 Modelling the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface 50
3 Capacitance Sensors 53
3.1 Capacitance Sensing with Interdigitated Electrodes 53
3.2 Capacitance Sensing at the Metal/Solution Interface 55
3.3 Capacitance Sensing at the Semiconductor/Solution Interface. 60
4 Conclusions 64
References 64
Chapter 4
Immunosensors and DNA Sensors Based on Impedance Spectroscopy 67
Eugenii Katz, Itamar Willner
1 Introduction 69
2 Impedance Spectroscopy: Theoretical Background 70
3 Immunosensors Based on Impedance Spectroscopy 74
3.1 Immunosensors Based on In Plane Impedance Measurements
between Conductive Electrodes 74
Contents XI
3.2 Immunosensors Based on Interfacial Impedance Measurements
at Conductive Electrodes 79
4 DNA Sensors Based on Impedance Spectroscopy 96
4.1 Impedimetric Sensing of DNA Hybridization 99
4.2 Impedimetric Sensing of Single Base Mismatches
in DNA Sequences 104
4.3 Impedimetric Sensing of DNA and RNA Replication 108
5 Conclusions and Perspectives 112
References 113
Chapter 5
"Voltohmmetry" a New Transducer Principle for Electrochemical Sensors. . 117
Michael J. Schoning
1 Introduction 118
2 Theory and Experiment 120
2.1 Theory of Surface Resistance Change 120
2.2 Fabrication of Thin Film Electrodes 121
2.3 Instrumentation and Chemicals 123
2.4 Measurement Procedure 124
3 Characterisation and Applications of Voltohmmetric Sensors . 126
3.1 Physical Characterisation of Thin Film Electrodes 126
3.2 Analytical Approach 128
3.2.1 Resistance/Voltage Curve and Evaluation Procedure 128
3.2.2 Sensitivity and Selectivity 131
3.2.3 Reproducibility 134
3.2.4 Heavy Metal Determination in Complex Analytes 135
4 Conclusion and Perspectives 137
References 139
Chapter 6
Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Superoxide and Nitric Oxide
Two Biologically Important Radicals 141
F. LlSDAT
1 Introduction 141
2 Superoxide and Nitric Oxide: Short Lived Reactive Species 142
3 Sensors for Superoxide 145
3.1 Sensors Based on Enzymatic Product Detection 146
3.2 Sensors Based on Direct Protein Electrode Contacts 147
3.3 Sensors for Antioxidants 148
XII Contents 4 Nitric Oxide Sensors 149
5 Conclusion 152
References 152
Part III: Non invasive electrical monitoring of living cells
Chapter 7
Living Cells on Chip: Bioanalytical Applications 159
Martin Brischwein, Helmut Grothe, Angela M. Otto,
Christoph Stepper, Thomas Weyh, Bernhard Wolf
1 Introduction 160
2 Chip Design and Fabrication 163
3 Cell Culture on Chips and Accessory Devices
for Biohybrid Systems 167
4 Transducers for Cellular Output Signals 169
4.1 pH Sensors 170
4.2 Oxygen Sensors 170
4.3 Sensors Directed to Biomembranes and Morphological Patterns . 172
4.4 Sensors for Electrophysiological Activity 175
5 Conclusions, Applications and Future Prospects 175
References 179
Chapter 8
Bioanalytical Application of Impedance Analysis: Transducing
in Polymer Based Biosensors and Probes for Living Tissues 181
G. Farace, P. Vadgama
1 Introduction 181
2 Impedance for Transduction in Biosensors 184
3 Impedance as a Basis for Probing Bacteria and Cells 190
4 Future Directions 195
References 196
Chapter 9
Noninvasive Electrical Sensor Devices to Monitor Living Cells Online 199
Andreas Janshoff, Claudia Steinem, Joachim Wegener
1 Introduction 200
2 Electrochemical Impedance Measurements
to Monitor Living Cells 201
2.1 Experimental Background of ECIS 202
2.2 Biomedical Applications 204
Contents XIII
2.2.1 Attachment and Spreading of Mammalian Cells
to Adhesive Proteins 204
2.2.2 p Adrenergic Stimulation of Cells Forming the Blood Vessels . 209
3 Piezoelectric Approaches to Monitor Living Cells 213
3.1 Physical Background of the QCM Technique 214
3.1.1 Thickness Shear Mode Resonators 214
3.1.2 Electromechanical Coupling in TSM Resonators 216
3.1.3 Devices, Setups, and Measuring Principles 220
3.1.3.1 Active Mode 220
3.1.3.2 Passive Mode 221
3.2 Cell Adhesion Monitoring 223
3.2.1 Cell Adhesion Monitored in the Active Mode 223
3.2.2 Cell Adhesion Monitored in the Passive Mode 227
3.3 Manipulating the Actin Cytoskeleton 230
3.4 Double Mode Impedance Analysis of Cell Substrate
and Cell Cell Contacts 230
References 234
Part IV: Lipid membranes as biosensors
Chapter 10
Functional Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes 239
Wolfgang Knoll, Kenichi Morigaki, Renate Naumann,
Barbara Sacca, Stefan Schiller, Eva Kathrin Sinner
1 Introduction 240
2 Designing Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes 241
2.1 A novel Archaea Analog Lipid as Self Assembling Telechelic 241
2.2 Sequential Deposition of Structural Elements 243
3 Patterning of Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes 244
3.1 Micropatterning by Photopolymerization 244
3.2 Back Filling the Empty Corrals by Vesicle Fusion 247
4 Electrical Properties of Tethered Membranes 247
4.1 Impedance Spectroscopy 247
4.2 FunctionalizationbyValinomycin 248
5 Binding Studies with Tethered Membranes 248
References 252
XIV Contents Chapter 11
Electrostatic Potentials of Bilayer Lipid Membranes: Basic Principles
and Analytical Applications 255
Valeri Sokolov, Vladimir Mirsky
1 Introduction 256
1.1 Structure of Lipids and Lipid Bilayers 258
1.2 Electrostatic Boundary Potentials 259
1.3 Distribution of the Electric Field Across the Membrane 260
2 Methods of Measurement of Boundary Potentials 261
2.1 Mobility of Vesicles in the Electric Field 261
2.2 Nonstationary Membrane Potentials on Planar Lipid Membranes. . 262
2.3 Short Circuit Currents During Modification
of Electrical Double Layers 262
2.4 Determination of Boundary Potential Changes from
Measurements of Membrane Conductance 264
2.5 Methods of Compensation of Intramembrane Field 267
3 Effects of Different Compounds on Electrostatic
Potentials of Lipid Bilayers 270
3.1 Effects of Inorganic Ions 270
3.2 Effects of Amphiphilic Ions 272
3.2.1 Theoretical Models for Adsorption of Amphiphilic Ions 272
3.2.2 Potential Distribution 274
3.2.3 Transfer Through the Membrane 277
3.3 Effects of Neutral Molecules 279
3.3.1 Dipole Potentials 279
3.3.2 Potential Distribution and the Depth of Adsorption 281
4 Change of Boundary Potential due to Lipid Hydrolysis 282
5 Analytical Applications 284
6 Conclusion 286
References 287
Chapter 12
Electrostriction of Supported Lipid Membranes
and Their Application in Biosensing 293
TlBOR HlANIK
1 Introduction 295
2 Methods of Preparation of Supported Lipid Membranes
and Their Modification by Functional Macromolecules 296
2.1 Supported Lipid Membranes 297
Contents XV
2.2 Immobilization of Functional Macromolecules
on the Surface of BLM and sBLM 298
3 Basic Principles of the Electrostriction
and Dielectric Relaxation 299
3.1 Electrostriction Method 299
3.2 Dielectric Relaxation 300
3.2.1 Dielectric Constant 300
3.2.2 Membrane Thickness 301
3.2.3 Membrane Area 301
3.2.4 Basic Principles of the Measurement of Dielectric Relaxation . . . . 301
4 Electrical and Mechanical Properties of sBLM 303
4.1 Specific Conductivity, Capacitance, and Stability 303
4.2 Mechanical Properties of BLM and sBLM 307
4.3 Changes of Electrostriction of sBLM Following Interaction
with Surfactants, Surfactant DNA Complexes, and DNA 311
4.3.1 Interaction of HDA with sBLM 312
4.3.2 Interaction of HDA DNA Complexes with sBLM 313
4.3.3 Interaction of the DNA Complexes with sBLM:
Influence of Mg2+ 316
4.4 sBLM Modified by Short Oligonudeotides
as a Possible Genosensor 318
4.5 Changes of Physical Properties of sBLM During Binding
of Enzymes and Immunoglobulins 323
4.6 Dielectric Relaxation of Lipid Bilayers upon Binding Processes . . . 326
References 328
Chapter 13
Transport Proteins on Solid Supported Membranes: From Basic Research
to Drug Discovery 331
Klaus Fendler, Martin Klingenberg, Gerard Leblanc, Jan Joep
H. H. M. DePont, Bela Kelety, Wolfgang Dorner, Ernst Bamberg
1 Introduction 332
2 Rapid Solution Exchange Technique for the Investigation
of Electrogenic Ion Pumps 333
2.1 Sensor Preparation 333
2.2 Measuring Procedure 335
3 ATPases 337
3.1 Na+/K+ ATPase 337
4 Carriers 339
4.1 ATP/ADP Exchanger 339
XVI Contents 4.2 Melibiose Permease 341
5 Application: The SSM as a Tool for Drug Discovery 343
5.1 Electrogenic Proteins: Pharmaceutical Relevance and Screening . . 343
5.2 Assays for the Screening of Electrogenic Membrane Proteins . 344
5.2.1 Conventional Assay Technologies 344
5.2.2 Cell Based Electrophysiological Methods 345
5.2.3 Sensor Based Methods 345
5.3 An Integrated System for Drug Discovery 346
5.3.1 The Gastric Proton Pump Revisited 347
5.4 Outlook 348
References 348
Subject Index 351 |
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| dewey-search | 610/.28 |
| dewey-sort | 3610 228 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Biologie Chemie Mess-/Steuerungs-/Regelungs-/Automatisierungstechnik Medizin Mess-/Steuerungs-/Regelungs-/Automatisierungstechnik / Mechatronik |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Biologie Chemie Mess-/Steuerungs-/Regelungs-/Automatisierungstechnik Medizin Mess-/Steuerungs-/Regelungs-/Automatisierungstechnik / Mechatronik |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV022435760 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:30:52Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:57:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 354021285X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015643888 |
| oclc_num | 60372410 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-1043 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-526 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-1043 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-526 DE-11 |
| physical | XX, 358 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publishDateSearch | 2004 |
| publishDateSort | 2004 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Springer series on chemical sensors and biosensors |
| series2 | Springer series on chemical sensors and biosensors |
| spelling | Ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensors technology and performance Vladimir M. Mirsky [vol. ed.] Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York Springer 2004 XX, 358 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer series on chemical sensors and biosensors 2 Literaturangaben Biosensors Chemical detectors Biosensor (DE-588)4193016-2 gnd rswk-swf Elektrochemischer Sensor (DE-588)4151768-4 gnd rswk-swf Dünnschichtsensor (DE-588)4311478-7 gnd rswk-swf Chemischer Sensor (DE-588)4259288-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Biosensor (DE-588)4193016-2 s Elektrochemischer Sensor (DE-588)4151768-4 s Dünnschichtsensor (DE-588)4311478-7 s DE-604 Chemischer Sensor (DE-588)4259288-4 s Mirsky, Vladimir M. (DE-588)129439320 edt Springer series on chemical sensors and biosensors 2 (DE-604)BV017795920 2 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015643888&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensors technology and performance Springer series on chemical sensors and biosensors Biosensors Chemical detectors Biosensor (DE-588)4193016-2 gnd Elektrochemischer Sensor (DE-588)4151768-4 gnd Dünnschichtsensor (DE-588)4311478-7 gnd Chemischer Sensor (DE-588)4259288-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4193016-2 (DE-588)4151768-4 (DE-588)4311478-7 (DE-588)4259288-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensors technology and performance |
| title_auth | Ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensors technology and performance |
| title_exact_search | Ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensors technology and performance |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensors technology and performance |
| title_full | Ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensors technology and performance Vladimir M. Mirsky [vol. ed.] |
| title_fullStr | Ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensors technology and performance Vladimir M. Mirsky [vol. ed.] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensors technology and performance Vladimir M. Mirsky [vol. ed.] |
| title_short | Ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensors |
| title_sort | ultrathin electrochemical chemo and biosensors technology and performance |
| title_sub | technology and performance |
| topic | Biosensors Chemical detectors Biosensor (DE-588)4193016-2 gnd Elektrochemischer Sensor (DE-588)4151768-4 gnd Dünnschichtsensor (DE-588)4311478-7 gnd Chemischer Sensor (DE-588)4259288-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biosensors Chemical detectors Biosensor Elektrochemischer Sensor Dünnschichtsensor Chemischer Sensor Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015643888&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV017795920 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mirskyvladimirm ultrathinelectrochemicalchemoandbiosensorstechnologyandperformance |