The religion of the Mithras cult in the Roman Empire: mysteries of the unconquered sun
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. in paperback |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 285 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780199216130 9780198140894 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The religion of the Mithras cult in the Roman Empire |b mysteries of the unconquered sun |c Roger Beck |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. in paperback | ||
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| 300 | |a XIII, 285 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136497898586112 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Figures
Abbreviations
1.
Introduction to Interpreting the Mysteries: Old Ways, New Ways
1.
An agenda
2.
A word on ontology
3.
Template for a re-description of the Mithraic mysteries
4.
On comparisons
5.
On cognition
6.
Synchronie
versus diachronic; structure and meaning versus
historic cause and effect; interpretation versus explanation
7.
Conclusion
2.
Old Ways: The Reconstruction of Mithraic Doctrine from
Iconography
1.
A gateway to an interpretation of the mysteries: Porphyry,
De antro
nympharum
6,
on the form and function of the
mithraeum
2.
The traditional route: from the iconography of the monuments
to the myth of Mithras to the beliefs of Mithraists
3.
The merits and achievements of the traditional heuristic procedure
4.
The shortcomings of the traditional heuristic procedure
Appendix: some remaining methodological problems for the
explication of the Mithras myth as represented on the figured
monuments
3.
The Problem of Referents: Interpretation with Reference to What?
1.
Iconography and the problem of referents
2.
Referents in the surrounding culture?
3.
Iranian referents?
4.
Celestial (astronomical/astrological) referents?
5.
Conclusion
4.
Doctrine Redefined
1.
Back to Porphyry,
De antro
6
2.
Induction into a mystery : the doctrinal misconstruction of
De antro
6
3.
Teaching versus enacting the descent and departure of souls :
the commonsensical answer
42
4.
An expectation of appropriate behaviour
43
5.
Reason for the wise, symbols for the vulgar
44
6.
Mithraic doctrine and its stakeholders: various views
50
7.
Doctrine and belief: the Christian faith paradigm
53
8.
Mithraic doctrine: three main issues
56
9.
(i) Generalizing about Mithraic doctrine from unusual
monuments
57
10.
(ii) What do we mean by doctrine in the context of the
Mithraic mysteries? An array of answers
59
11.
(iii)
Doctrine and the ordinary initiate
63
12.
Conclusion
63
Transition: from old ways to new ways
65
5.
The Mithraic Mysteries as Symbol System: I. Introduction and
Comparisons
67
1.
Religion as a system of symbols: an anthropological approach
67
2.
Are Geertzian description and interpretation applicable to the
symbol system of the Mithraic mysteries?
69
3.
Yes, Geertzian description and interpretation are possible,
provided we begin not with the tauroctony but with the
mithraeum and the grade structure
70
4.
A culture within a culture: Mithraism as a subsystem within the
cultural system of Graeco-Roman paganism. The hermeneutic
implications
71
5.
The symbol complex of the grade hierarchy
72
6.
A modern comparator: die symbol system of the Chamulas
74
7.
The construction of space in Mithraic and Chamula cultures
77
8.
Mithraism s second axiom: Harmony of Tension in Opposition
81
Appendix: on Porphyry s
De antro
nympharum as a reliable source of
data on the Mithraic mysteries
85
6.
Cognition and Representation
88
1.
The cognitive approach: ontogenetic/phylogenetic versus cultural
88
2.
Gods in mind: cognition and the representation of supernatural
beings
93
3.
Negotiating representations
94
4.
Reintegrating the wise and the vulgar
96
Appendix: comprehending the pantomime:
Lucian,
On the dance
99
7.
The Mithraic Mysteries as Symbol System: II. The Mithraeum
1.
The symbol complex of the mithraeum as image of the
universe
2.
The blueprint for the mithraeum
3.
To represent is to be
4.
The blueprint continued: the planets
5.
An improved reconstruction
6.
Symbols, representations, and star-talk
7.
The view from the benches: analogies of world view and ethos
to Scipio s dream
8.
The Chamula church
9.
Other images of the universe in antiquity: (i) the Pantheon,
Nero s
Domus
Aurea,
Varro
s
aviary, the circus
10.
Other images of the universe in antiquity: (ii) orreries and
the Antikythera Mechanism, the sundial
11.
The mithraeum as symbolic instrument for inducting the
initiates into a mystery of the descent of souls and their exit
back out again
—
with some modern comparisons
12.
To experience , to surmise , and to represent : Dio s Twelfth
(Olympic) Oration
13.
Religious experience as modelled by biogenetic structuralism
and neurotheology
14.
The cognized environment : the mithraeum as material
representation of the initiate
s
cognized universe
15.
The cognized universe and celestial navigation: the case of
the Indigo Bunting
16.
Conclusion
8.
Star-Talk: The Symbols of the Mithraic Mysteries as Language
Signs
1.
Introduction: star-talk
2.
Mithraic iconography as
un langage à déchiffrer
(R.
Turcan)
3.
Can symbols function as language signs? The question as posed
in cultural anthropology
4.
Crossing Sperber s bar: the case for Mithraic astral symbols as
language signs
5.
Star-talk: ancient views concerning its speakers, discourses,
semiotics, and semantics
6.
Origens
view: heavenly writings and their angelic readers
7.
Augustine s view: star-talk as a demonic language contract
8.
Origen
again: the demonic misconstruction of star-talk
9. Stars
talking theology: the heretical interpreters of
Aratus
as
reported by Hippolytus {Refiitatio
4.46-50)
10.
Make-believe star-talk:
Zeno
of Verona s baptismal interpretation
of the zodiac
11.
Rolling up the scroll :
Maximus
Confessor and the end of
history
12.
Pagan views (astronomers, astrologers, philosophers); stars
as both speakers and signs
13.
The divinity and rationality of celestial bodies: Ptolemy
and Plato
14.
The Platonist view of how the stars communicate and how
we understand them; implications of the cosmology of the
Timaeus
15.
The celestial location of meaning
16.
Conclusion
9.
The Mithraic Mysteries as Symbol System: III. The Tauroctony
1.
Introduction: the exegesis and interpretation of star-talk
discourse
2.
The exegesis of star-talk in the tauroctony: A. The constellation
signs
3.
Exegesis (continued): B. Sun, Moon, Mithras, bull (again), cave
4.
Exegesis (continued): C. Map and view; boundaries and
orientation; time and motion. Similar structures: the augural
templům
and the anaphoric clock
5.
Exegesis (continued): D. Further meanings of the torchbearers:
the
limar
nodes; celestial north and celestial south; heavenward
and earthward. Meanings of the typical and untypical
locations (Cautes left and Cautopates right versus Cautopates
left and Cautes right)
6.
Exegesis (continued): E. Being in the north/above or in the
south/below versus going northward/up or southward/down.
The solstices, the equinoxes, and yet further meanings of the
torchbearers
7.
Exegesis (continued):
E
Two paradoxes:
(1)
cold north and hot
south versus hot north and cold south;
(2)
descending from
heaven and growing up on earth versus dying down on earth
and ascending to heaven. Terrestrial meanings of the
torchbearers
8.
Exegesis (continued): G. Where and when? Mithras the
bull-killer means Sun-in-Leo
Contents xiii
9.
From exegesis to interpretation. An esoteric quartering of the
heavens
216
10.
The implications of Sun-in-Leo and the esoteric quartering.
Conjunctions and eclipses; victories and defeats
222
11.
The origins of the esoteric quartering and the definition of
an ideal month
227
10.
Excursus: the esoteric quartering, a lost
helicoidal
model of lunar
motion, and the origin of the winds and steps of the Moon.
The identity of Antiochus the Athenian
240
Conclusions: a new basis for interpreting the mysteries
257
References
261
Index ofMithraic Monuments
21
Ъ
Index of Ancient Authors
27
A
General Index
278
As the capstone ol l
h
i rty
years ol research and
pu
Wica
ι
ion on the cult and
ils
геїіціоп,
Ro^ eľ
Beck
puis
I
o
ru
ard
a
raj
iea
Ily
neu
description
ol
lhe
Mys
(en es ol
Miíhras .
The
Mysteries are presenied In
ми
lhe
perspective ol the initiate as a complex system ol
symhols created, apprehended, and transmitted not only
m
the extraordinarily rich
and derailed iconography, bin also in ritual aelion and laminate
incult
lile
and
hierarchy, and in the desien ol
mcciiny
places (milhraea).
Alter
a programmât
ic
introduci
orv
chapter, the next three chapters constitute a
detailed critique ol the current view ol
M
it lira ism as
a
hel
ι
el
s
ум
em
willi
, ί~ι
eso
I
cric
doctrine. Chapter
5
discusses Mithraisin as
a symhol
system in
1
he manner ol the
sy
m
ho I
ist
anthropologists, part
leu lari
v C
. lil
lord
С
¡eert:.
С
.οι
n
parisons
are made
het
ween
M
irli
ra
ic
culture and the culture ol the
Cha
m
ul as ol sm
к
hern Mexico.
h
С
hapt
er
ft Beck introduces the methods ol the new cognitive science of religion (o
explore die
mak i n
_
ot
représenla
I ions
m
the
Mysl
erics and
lhe
cornil
ive
processes
hy
which
lhe
inni.ite
apprehends the system ol symbols. In the lollowinu chapter these
methods arc applied to the
initiales reconnu
ion ol his
mii
hrací
1
m as (m
Porphyry s
words),
an
і
m
aye ol the
cosmos lor
induction into
.1
mystery ol the
desceñí
and
return ol souls . Ritual act ion is emphasized rather than teaching.
The I ma I (wo
cha
piers are devoted
lo
M
it
hra
ism s rich
asi
nil symhol
імп
and to
a discussion on whether, on hoi
h une
і
en I and modern
se m
io
1
ic
criteria,
u m i
uh
t
lunet
ion as
a quasi
Tanuti aíic.
The symbols ot ihe tauroctony (the icon ol the bull·
killing
Mulinisi
are explicated as siyns with multiple meanings in a multi-layered
I exl rather
t
h,in as simple identifiers ol panic
u
lar
constellations.
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
List of Figures
Abbreviations
1.
Introduction to Interpreting the Mysteries: Old Ways, New Ways
1.
An agenda
2.
A word on ontology
3.
Template for a re-description of the Mithraic mysteries
4.
On comparisons
5.
On cognition
6.
Synchronie
versus diachronic; structure and meaning versus
historic cause and effect; interpretation versus explanation
7.
Conclusion
2.
Old Ways: The Reconstruction of Mithraic Doctrine from
Iconography
1.
A gateway to an interpretation of the mysteries: Porphyry,
De antro
nympharum
6,
on the form and function of the
mithraeum
2.
The traditional route: from the iconography of the monuments
to the myth of Mithras to the beliefs of Mithraists
3.
The merits and achievements of the traditional heuristic procedure
4.
The shortcomings of the traditional heuristic procedure
Appendix: some remaining methodological problems for the
explication of the Mithras myth as represented on the figured
monuments
3.
The Problem of Referents: Interpretation with Reference to What?
1.
Iconography and the problem of referents
2.
Referents in the surrounding culture?
3.
Iranian referents?
4.
Celestial (astronomical/astrological) referents?
5.
Conclusion
4.
Doctrine Redefined
1.
Back to Porphyry,
De antro
6
2.
'Induction into a mystery': the doctrinal misconstruction of
De antro
6
3.
Teaching versus enacting the 'descent and departure of souls':
the commonsensical answer
42
4.
An expectation of appropriate behaviour
43
5.
'Reason for the wise, symbols for the vulgar'
44
6.
Mithraic doctrine and its stakeholders: various views
50
7.
Doctrine and belief: the Christian 'faith' paradigm
53
8.
Mithraic doctrine: three main issues
56
9.
(i) Generalizing about Mithraic doctrine from unusual
monuments
57
10.
(ii) What do we mean by 'doctrine' in the context of the
Mithraic mysteries? An array of answers
59
11.
(iii)
Doctrine and the ordinary initiate
63
12.
Conclusion
63
Transition: from old ways to new ways
65
5.
The Mithraic Mysteries as Symbol System: I. Introduction and
Comparisons
67
1.
Religion as a system of symbols: an anthropological approach
67
2.
Are Geertzian description and interpretation applicable to the
symbol system of the Mithraic mysteries?
69
3.
Yes, Geertzian description and interpretation are possible,
provided we begin not with the tauroctony but with the
mithraeum and the grade structure
70
4.
A culture within a culture: Mithraism as a subsystem within the
cultural system of Graeco-Roman paganism. The hermeneutic
implications
71
5.
The symbol complex of the grade hierarchy
72
6.
A modern comparator: die symbol system of the Chamulas
74
7.
The construction of space in Mithraic and Chamula cultures
77
8.
Mithraism's second axiom: 'Harmony of Tension in Opposition
81
Appendix: on Porphyry's
De antro
nympharum as a reliable source of
data on the Mithraic mysteries
85
6.
Cognition and Representation
88
1.
The cognitive approach: ontogenetic/phylogenetic versus cultural
88
2.
Gods in mind: cognition and the representation of supernatural
beings
93
3.
Negotiating representations
94
4.
Reintegrating the wise and the vulgar
96
Appendix: comprehending the pantomime:
Lucian,
On the dance
99
7.
The Mithraic Mysteries as Symbol System: II. The Mithraeum
1.
The symbol complex of the mithraeum as 'image of the
universe'
2.
The blueprint for the mithraeum
3.
To represent is to be
4.
The blueprint continued: the planets
5.
An improved reconstruction
6.
Symbols, representations, and star-talk
7.
The view from the benches: analogies of world view and ethos
to 'Scipio's dream'
8.
The Chamula church
9.
Other 'images of the universe' in antiquity: (i) the Pantheon,
Nero's
Domus
Aurea,
Varro
s
aviary, the circus
10.
Other 'images of the universe' in antiquity: (ii) orreries and
the Antikythera Mechanism, the sundial
11.
The mithraeum as symbolic instrument for 'inducting the
initiates into a mystery of the descent of souls and their exit
back out again'
—
with some modern comparisons
12.
To 'experience', to 'surmise', and to 'represent': Dio's Twelfth
(Olympic) Oration
13.
Religious experience as modelled by biogenetic structuralism
and 'neurotheology'
14.
The 'cognized environment': the mithraeum as material
representation of the initiate
s
cognized universe
15.
The cognized universe and celestial navigation: the case of
the Indigo Bunting
16.
Conclusion
8.
Star-Talk: The Symbols of the Mithraic Mysteries as Language
Signs
1.
Introduction: 'star-talk'
2.
Mithraic iconography as
'un langage à déchiffrer'
(R.
Turcan)
3.
Can symbols function as language signs? The question as posed
in cultural anthropology
4.
Crossing Sperber's bar: the case for Mithraic astral symbols as
language signs
5.
Star-talk: ancient views concerning its speakers, discourses,
semiotics, and semantics
6.
Origens
view: 'heavenly writings' and their angelic readers
7.
Augustine's view: star-talk as a demonic language contract
8.
Origen
again: the demonic misconstruction of star-talk
9. Stars
talking theology: the 'heretical' interpreters of
Aratus
as
reported by Hippolytus {Refiitatio
4.46-50)
10.
Make-believe star-talk:
Zeno
of Verona's baptismal interpretation
of the zodiac
11.
'Rolling up the scroll':
Maximus
Confessor and the end of
history
12.
Pagan views (astronomers, astrologers, philosophers); stars
as both speakers and signs
13.
The divinity and rationality of celestial bodies: Ptolemy
and Plato
14.
The Platonist view of how the stars communicate and how
we understand them; implications of the cosmology of the
Timaeus
15.
The celestial location of meaning
16.
Conclusion
9.
The Mithraic Mysteries as Symbol System: III. The Tauroctony
1.
Introduction: the exegesis and interpretation of star-talk
discourse
2.
The exegesis of star-talk in the tauroctony: A. The constellation
signs
3.
Exegesis (continued): B. Sun, Moon, Mithras, bull (again), cave
4.
Exegesis (continued): C. Map and view; boundaries and
orientation; time and motion. Similar structures: the augural
templům
and the anaphoric clock
5.
Exegesis (continued): D. Further meanings of the torchbearers:
the
limar
nodes; celestial north and celestial south; heavenward
and earthward. Meanings of the 'typical' and 'untypical'
locations (Cautes left and Cautopates right versus Cautopates
left and Cautes right)
6.
Exegesis (continued): E. Being in the north/above or in the
south/below versus going northward/up or southward/down.
The solstices, the equinoxes, and yet further meanings of the
torchbearers
7.
Exegesis (continued):
E
Two paradoxes:
(1)
cold north and hot
south versus hot north and cold south;
(2)
descending from
heaven and growing up on earth versus dying down on earth
and ascending to heaven. Terrestrial meanings of the
torchbearers
8.
Exegesis (continued): G. Where and when? 'Mithras the
bull-killer' means 'Sun-in-Leo'
Contents xiii
9.
From exegesis to interpretation. An esoteric quartering of the
heavens
216
10.
The implications of Sun-in-Leo and the esoteric quartering.
Conjunctions and eclipses; victories and defeats
222
11.
The origins of the esoteric quartering and the definition of
an ideal month
227
10.
Excursus: the esoteric quartering, a lost
helicoidal
model of lunar
motion, and the origin of the 'winds' and 'steps' of the Moon.
The identity of 'Antiochus the Athenian'
240
Conclusions: a new basis for interpreting the mysteries
257
References
261
Index ofMithraic Monuments
21
Ъ
Index of Ancient Authors
27
A
General Index
278
As the capstone ol l
h
i rty
years ol research and
pu
Wica
ι
ion on the cult and
ils
геїіціоп,
Ro^'eľ
Beck
puis
I
o
ru
ard
a
raj
iea
Ily
neu'
description
ol
lhe'
'Mys
(en es ol
Miíhras'.
The
Mysteries are presenied In
ми
lhe
perspective ol the initiate as a complex system ol
symhols created, apprehended, and transmitted not only
m
the extraordinarily rich
and derailed iconography, bin also in ritual aelion and laminate
incult
lile
and
hierarchy, and in the desien ol
mcciiny
places (milhraea).
Alter
a programmât
ic
introduci
orv
chapter, the next three chapters constitute a
detailed critique ol the current view ol
M
it lira ism as
a
hel
ι
el
s
ум
em
willi
,\ί~ι
eso
I
cric
doctrine. Chapter
5
discusses Mithraisin as
a symhol
system in
1
he manner ol the
sy
m
ho I
ist
anthropologists, part
leu lari
v C
.'lil
lord
С
¡eert:.
С
.οι
n
parisons
are made
het
ween
M
irli
ra
ic
culture and the culture ol the
Cha
m
ul as ol sm
к
hern Mexico.
h\
С
'hapt
er
ft Beck introduces the methods ol the new cognitive science of religion (o
explore die'
mak i n
'_'
ot
représenla
I ions
m
the
Mysl
erics and
lhe
cornil
ive
processes
hy
which
lhe
inni.ite
apprehends the system ol symbols. In the lollowinu chapter these
methods arc applied to the
initiales reconnu
ion ol his
mii
hrací
1
m as (m
Porphyry's
words),
'an
і
m
aye ol the
cosmos lor
induction into
.1
mystery ol the
desceñí
and
return ol souls'. Ritual act ion is emphasized rather than teaching.
The I ma I (wo
cha
piers are devoted
lo
M
it
hra
ism's rich
asi
nil symhol
імп
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| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Beck, Roger |
| author_facet | Beck, Roger |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Beck, Roger |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022426641 |
| classification_rvk | BE 7405 LG 6600 NH 8500 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)440797497 (DE-599)BVBBV022426641 |
| dewey-full | 299.15 |
| dewey-hundreds | 200 - Religion |
| dewey-ones | 299 - Religions not provided for elsewhere |
| dewey-raw | 299.15 |
| dewey-search | 299.15 |
| dewey-sort | 3299.15 |
| dewey-tens | 290 - Other religions |
| discipline | Geschichte Theologie / Religionswissenschaften Klassische Archäologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte Theologie / Religionswissenschaften Klassische Archäologie |
| edition | 1. publ. in paperback |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Rim - Zgodovina Rimski imperij - Religija Rom Rome Religion Römisches Reich |
| id | DE-604.BV022426641 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:27:41Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:57:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780199216130 9780198140894 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015634892 |
| oclc_num | 440797497 |
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| physical | XIII, 285 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Beck, Roger Verfasser aut The religion of the Mithras cult in the Roman Empire mysteries of the unconquered sun Roger Beck 1. publ. in paperback Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2007 XIII, 285 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Mitraizem ssg Mithraism Mithraskult (DE-588)4170176-8 gnd rswk-swf Rim - Zgodovina ssg Rimski imperij - Religija ssg Rom Rome Religion Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 gnd rswk-swf Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 g Mithraskult (DE-588)4170176-8 s 1\p DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015634892&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015634892&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Beck, Roger The religion of the Mithras cult in the Roman Empire mysteries of the unconquered sun Mitraizem ssg Mithraism Mithraskult (DE-588)4170176-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4170176-8 (DE-588)4076778-4 |
| title | The religion of the Mithras cult in the Roman Empire mysteries of the unconquered sun |
| title_auth | The religion of the Mithras cult in the Roman Empire mysteries of the unconquered sun |
| title_exact_search | The religion of the Mithras cult in the Roman Empire mysteries of the unconquered sun |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The religion of the Mithras cult in the Roman Empire mysteries of the unconquered sun |
| title_full | The religion of the Mithras cult in the Roman Empire mysteries of the unconquered sun Roger Beck |
| title_fullStr | The religion of the Mithras cult in the Roman Empire mysteries of the unconquered sun Roger Beck |
| title_full_unstemmed | The religion of the Mithras cult in the Roman Empire mysteries of the unconquered sun Roger Beck |
| title_short | The religion of the Mithras cult in the Roman Empire |
| title_sort | the religion of the mithras cult in the roman empire mysteries of the unconquered sun |
| title_sub | mysteries of the unconquered sun |
| topic | Mitraizem ssg Mithraism Mithraskult (DE-588)4170176-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mitraizem Mithraism Mithraskult Rim - Zgodovina Rimski imperij - Religija Rom Rome Religion Römisches Reich |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015634892&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015634892&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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